CN116057107A - 具有可生物降解的聚亚烷基二醇流变改性剂的低发泡液 - Google Patents

具有可生物降解的聚亚烷基二醇流变改性剂的低发泡液 Download PDF

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CN116057107A
CN116057107A CN202180054359.5A CN202180054359A CN116057107A CN 116057107 A CN116057107 A CN 116057107A CN 202180054359 A CN202180054359 A CN 202180054359A CN 116057107 A CN116057107 A CN 116057107A
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polyalkylene glycol
glycol
ethylene oxide
water
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M·R·格里夫斯
J·克斯布尔克
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
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Abstract

一种组合物，所述组合物包含水和具有为小于20μeq/g的烯丙基含量的聚亚烷基二醇，该组合物具有降低的发泡特性和优选地为至少60％的可生物降解性(如使用OECD 301F测定的)。聚亚烷基二醇可以通过以下步骤制备：通过使环氧丙烷与多元醇引发剂在双金属氰化物催化剂的存在下反应，形成包含氧丙烯嵌段的第一中间体，然后使第一中间体与环氧乙烷在KOH催化剂的存在下反应。

Description

具有可生物降解的聚亚烷基二醇流变改性剂的低发泡液
技术领域
本发明的领域是包括可生物降解的聚亚烷基二醇(PAG)的水基润滑剂。水基润滑剂的示例是金属加工液、齿轮油、纺织品润滑剂和液压液。本发明特别地涉及水基液压液。
背景技术
水基润滑剂通常用作金属加工液(诸如切削液)。这些通常被描述为可溶性油、半合成金属加工液和合成金属加工液。关键作用是冷却和润滑切削工具和加工部件之间的界面。在生产工程工业中，依然存在加工速度更高的趋势。对液体的影响是发泡越来越普遍。因此，需要提供较低发泡性能和优异发泡性能的水基金属加工液。水基金属加工液(特别是合成金属加工液)可以含有用量为所用液体的0.05重量％至10重量％的聚亚烷基二醇。
水基润滑剂的另一个应用是在齿轮油中。水基齿轮油在冷却齿轮之间的界面和除去热量方面是有效的。因为齿轮油会导致液体的湍流和搅动，所以可能发生发泡。水基齿轮润滑剂由于其优于烃润滑剂的环境效益而越来越多地被使用，因为它们提供更高水平的可生物降解性并且被视为更可持续的解决方案。期望水基齿轮润滑剂提供低发泡性能。水基齿轮润滑剂可以含有用量为5％至95％的聚亚烷基二醇作为增稠剂和润滑性添加剂。
另外一个应用是水基液压液。这些水基液压液由于它们的耐火特性而用于钢铁和铝加工工业中，并且也用于采矿工业中。这些制剂中使用的PAG的典型处理用量为5重量％至25重量％。在石油和天然气工业中，含有PAG的水基海底液压液用于控制石油在深海中的流动。这些液体偶尔会泄漏或释放到海洋中。因此，期望具有可生物降解的液压液。
在设备中使用的这些类型的液压液中的许多类型含有水、二醇和作为增稠剂或流变改性剂的相对高分子量的聚亚烷基二醇(PAG)。这三种组分通常占液压液组合物的90重量％以上(其余为包含腐蚀抑制剂、泡沫控制添加剂、空气释放添加剂、摩擦改性剂和染料的添加剂包)，并且期望这些组分中的每一者提供高度的可生物降解性，使得最终制剂提供高度的可生物降解性。所使用的二醇可以是例如乙二醇、二甘醇和丙二醇，并且易于生物降解。PAG通常是具有为约12000g/mol的分子量或更高分子量的环氧乙烷(EO)和环氧丙烷(PO)(通常为1,2-环氧丙烷)的无规共聚物。这些高分子量PAG不具有期望程度的可生物降解性，而具有非常低的可生物降解性。一个示例是来自陶氏化学公司(Dow ChemicalCompany)的UCONTM 75-H-90,000。
已知较低分子量的PAG更易生物降解，但在用于所需应用的水/二醇基液中不具有足够的增稠效率。
因此，期望具有这样的液压液组合物，其具有高度的可生物降解性，同时还保持液体的期望的流变特性。此外，优选包括处理用量小于组合物总重量的30重量％的可生物降解的聚亚烷基二醇，以帮助保持低制剂成本。另外地，期望制剂表现出相对低的气泡量。
发明内容
本文公开了包含水和多种聚亚烷基二醇中的一者的组合物，其中该聚亚烷基二醇以0.1％至40％的用量存在。
具体地，本文公开了一种组合物，基于组合物的总重量计，该组合物包含10重量％至99.9重量％的水、0重量％至60重量％的选自乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇和丙二醇的二醇、0.1重量％至40重量％的聚亚烷基二醇和0至10％的添加剂，其中聚亚烷基二醇具有为不超过4000g/mol的分子量，并且其特征在于其是具有基于共聚物的总重量计为至少20％的氧乙烯重量百分比的氧乙烯/氧丙烯嵌段共聚物，并且其特征还在于组合物具有为小于20μeq烯丙基/克聚亚烷基二醇(μeq/g)的烯丙基含量。
本文还公开了一种用于制备氧乙烯/氧丙烯嵌段共聚物的方法，该方法包括：在双金属氰化物(“DMC”)催化剂的存在下(在基本上不存在氢氧化钾(“KOH”)催化剂的情况下)，形成包含氧丙烯嵌段的第一中间体的步骤；以及通过在KOH催化剂的存在下在第一中间体上形成一个或多个氧乙烯嵌段来形成嵌段共聚物的第二步骤。
本文还公开了一种包含水、二醇和聚亚烷基二醇的具有如使用OECD301F所测定的为至少60％的可生物降解性的组合物，其中该组合物具有在40℃下至少25mm2/sec的运动粘度。
具体实施方式
本文所公开的组合物包含聚亚烷基二醇和水。
优选地，聚亚烷基二醇的特征在于其是可生物降解的。具体地，当使用OECD 301F测量时，可生物降解性应为至少60％、或至少70％、或至少80％或至少90％。
根据一个实施方案，聚亚烷基二醇具有如通过ASTM D4274所测量的不超过4000g/mol、或不超过3500g/mol或不超过3000g/mol，但是为至少1000g/mol、或至少1500g/mol或至少2000g/mol的分子量。
聚亚烷基二醇的特征在于其是环氧乙烷(“EO”)和环氧丙烷(“PO”)(特别是1,2-环氧丙烷)的无规共聚物。由环氧乙烷形成的嵌段在本文中也称为氧乙烯或氧乙烯嵌段。由环氧丙烷形成的嵌段在本文中也称为氧丙烯或氧丙烯嵌段。基于用于制备聚亚烷基二醇的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的总重量计，环氧乙烷的重量百分比大于20％或大于25％。根据一个实施方案，环氧乙烷的重量百分比为不大于45％、或不大于40％或不大于38％。嵌段共聚物为直链或支链的。
聚亚烷基二醇组合物的特征还在于其具有为25μeq/g或更小、20μeq/g或更小、15μeq/g或更小或小于5μeq/g的烯丙基含量。更少的烯丙基含量通常是优选的，但是一些烯丙基可以是容许的，使得每克聚亚烷基二醇组合物可以具有0μeq或至少5μeq的烯丙基。当使用KOH作为催化剂时，认为当PO异构化时会形成烯丙醇。已经观察到，当在制备PO嵌段时使用DMC作为催化剂时，所得的反应混合物表现出较低的不饱和度水平，表明较少的烯丙基形成。认为烯丙醇(当存在时)可以充当第二引发剂，并与作为第一引发剂的单丙二醇竞争以形成烯丙基-PO嵌段，该烯丙基-PO嵌段进一步乙氧基化以形成烯丙基-PO-EO二嵌段。进一步认为该组分可能导致其发泡增加，因为其看起来在结构上类似于已知为高发泡表面活性剂的假脂肪醇乙氧基化物。其它不饱和度(诸如丙烯基不饱和度)也可以存在于组合物中。优选地，总不饱和度为30μeq/g或更小、25μeq/g或更小、20μeq/g或更小、15μeq/g或更小或小于5μeq/g。
烯丙基含量可以根据以下方法使用核磁共振(NMR)光谱法测定：将至多2克的样品溶解在1.5mL氘化丙酮(丙酮-d6)(含有乙酰丙酮铬(III)作为弛豫剂)中，可使用小于2克的样品来生成溶解性较差的材料的澄清均相溶液。使用500MHz光谱仪上的10mm探头获取定量13C NMR光谱。使用400MHz光谱仪上的5mm探头在丙酮-d6(0.2g/mL)中获取额外的质子2D光谱。还使用ASTM D4671测量每种产物的总不饱和度水平。这测量了聚亚烷基二醇中的所有不饱和度，诸如烯丙基和丙烯基。
本文还公开了一种用于制备氧乙烯/氧丙烯嵌段共聚物的方法，该方法包括：一种用于制备氧乙烯/氧丙烯嵌段共聚物的方法的步骤，这些步骤包括以下步骤：
a)通过使环氧丙烷与多元醇引发剂(即，二醇或更高级二醇)在双金属氰化物催化剂的存在下反应，形成包含氧丙烯嵌段的第一中间体，以及
b)使第一中间体与环氧乙烷在KOH催化剂的存在下反应。
在某些实施方案中，嵌段共聚物可以具有ABA结构，其中A为基于氧乙烯的嵌段且B为基于氧丙烯的嵌段。例如，使1,2-环氧丙烷与二醇引发剂(例如1,2-丙二醇)反应，以制备氧丙烯嵌段(B)。其后，添加环氧乙烷以合成氧乙烯嵌段(A)且最终聚合物具有ABA结构。当使用二醇引发剂(诸如乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇和新戊二醇)时形成线性ABA。二醇引发剂在结构中具有两个羟基，这两个羟基是用于烷氧基化以合成嵌段共聚物的位点。当使用三醇引发剂时，形成支化结构。甘油和三羟甲基丙烷是三醇引发剂的优选示例，因此这些引发剂含有三个羟基。例如，使1,2-环氧丙烷与三醇引发剂(例如甘油)反应以在引发剂的三个羟基上制备三个氧丙烯嵌段(B)，以形成i-(B)3中间体结构。此后，添加环氧乙烷以在每个B嵌段上合成三个氧乙烯嵌段(A)，并且最终聚合物具有i-(BA)3结构，其中i是引发剂(甘油)。三羟甲基丙烷是另一种三醇基引发剂的示例。
当使用四元醇引发剂时，形成另一种支化结构。季戊四醇是四元醇引发剂的示例，并且含有四个羟基。例如，1,2-环氧丙烷与四元醇引发剂(例如季戊四醇)反应，以在引发剂的每个羟基上制备具有中间结构i-(B)4的四个氧丙烯嵌段(B)。此后，添加环氧乙烷以合成四个氧乙烯嵌段(A)，并且最终聚合物具有i-(BA)4结构，其中i是引发剂(季戊四醇)。甚至可以使用更高级的引发剂(诸如山梨糖醇)。
优选的DMC催化剂包括六氰合钴(III)酸锌的络合物。可以使用在与引发剂和PO的反应中有效生成所需第一中间体的任何量的DMC催化剂。优选的DMC催化剂用量为聚亚烷基二醇中间体总量的30ppm至50ppm。可以有利地使用在10ppm至100ppm范围内的DMC催化剂用量。通过PO进行烷氧基化的优选温度为130℃至160℃。
类似地，尽管可以使用成功制备所需ABA聚亚烷基二醇的任何量的KOH，但用于中间体乙氧基化步骤的优选KOH催化剂用量为聚亚烷基二醇总量的100ppm至2500ppm。认为可以适当地使用至少100ppm至4000ppm范围内的催化剂用量。乙氧基化的优选温度为120℃至150℃。
根据某些实施方案，ABA结构是由式I表示的EO嵌段-PO嵌段-EO嵌段：
Figure BDA0004105840450000051
其中a'和a”在每次出现时独立地为1至20的整数，条件是a’+a”至少为5且不超过40，并且b为15至40的整数。
根据某些水基液压组合物实施方案，基于组合物的总重量计，聚亚烷基二醇的量为至少5重量％、或至少10重量％或至少15重量％。根据某些实施方案，基于组合物的总重量计，聚亚烷基二醇的量不超过35重量％、或不超过重量30％或不超过25重量％。
根据某些实施方案，基于组合物的总重量计，水的量为至少10重量％、或至少15重量％、或至少25重量％或至少30重量％。根据某些实施方案，基于组合物的总重量计，水的量不超过60重量％、或不超过55重量％或不超过50重量％。
除了聚亚烷基二醇和水之外，本发明的组合物还可以包括一定量的二醇，特别是当组合物旨在用于液压液时。二醇可以是已知用于液压液中的任何二醇。此类二醇的示例是乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇和1,2-丙二醇。也可使用二醇的混合物。根据一个实施方案，二醇是乙二醇或二甘醇。事实上，聚亚烷基二醇嵌段共聚物(特别是EO嵌段-PO嵌段-EO嵌段PAG，即EO-PO-EO PAG)与乙二醇或二甘醇的使用在增加粘度方面显示出意想不到的协同效应。
当根据某些实施方案存在二醇时，基于组合物的总重量计，二醇的量可以有利地为20重量％或30重量％。根据某些实施方案，基于组合物的总重量计，二醇的量优选不超过60重量％或不超过50重量％。
组合物的另一种任选组分是添加剂包。添加剂包可以具有一种或多种添加剂，该一种或多种添加剂选自腐蚀抑制剂(例如亚铁或蒸气相)、润滑助剂、消泡剂、空气释放添加剂、抗微生物剂和染料。根据一个实施方案，基于组合物的总重量计，添加剂的累积量不超过10重量％。
根据某些实施方案的液压组合物满足ISO-32、ISO-46和ISO-68粘度等级中的一个粘度等级(ISO是国际标准组织)，并且因此具有在40℃下分别为约32mm2/sec(cSt)、约46cSt和约68cSt的典型运动粘度。根据某些实施方案的组合物具有如通过ASTM D7042测量的在40℃下大于25mm2/sec的运动粘度。
当与具有较高烯丙基含量的类似组合物相比时，根据本发明的组合物还表现出降低的发泡行为。可以根据ASTM D1173：表面活性剂的发泡特性的标准试验方法，在环境温度下使用去离子水来评价发泡行为。优选地，本发明的组合物的特征可以在于如根据ASTMD1173测定的，在0.5重量％浓度下表现出小于50ml、或40ml或30ml的初始泡沫高度和/或在5分钟后小于15ml、10ml或5ml的泡沫高度。
本发明的组合物的特征在于除了烯丙基含量之外，聚亚烷基二醇组分类似于WO2020/086229中提出的聚亚烷基二醇组分。因此认为，本发明的聚亚烷基二醇组分将表现出与本文件中所呈现的可生物降解性特征类似的可生物降解性特征，即，当使用OECD 301F测量时，可生物降解性预期为至少60％、或至少70％、或至少80％或至少90％。
实施例
PO嵌段引发剂的制备
按照以下制备PO嵌段引发剂：在经由外部恒温控制单元控制温度的5升不锈钢反应器上进行实验。氧化物计量系统由重量控制，并受反应器中为4.0巴的最大压力的限制。通过CAMILE TG软件操作反应器。
在60℃下将所需量的聚丙二醇P400起始物(具有400g/mol的平均分子量)(1115.6克)和138毫克的DMC催化剂(该DMC催化剂可以以商品名ArcolTMCat 3从德国拜耳公司(Bayer AG)获得)装入反应器中。据报告，ArcolTMCat 3是六氰基钴(III)酸锌叔丁醇/丙二醇复合物，分子式为C29H52Co2N12O6Zn3。用氮气充分冲洗反应器并施加真空，同时以400rpm的速度混合至干燥混合物。接下来，将反应器内容物升温至160℃，并且在达到该温度之后，将PO总量的14％(181.6克PO)加入用于活化。活化后，在2小时5分钟的时间内加入剩余的3303.6克PO。在45分钟的消化时间后，将反应器内容物冷却至100℃并施加真空。约30分钟后，将反应器内容物从反应器中取出。
ABA三嵌段的制备
在经由外部恒温控制单元进行温度控制的10.3升不锈钢反应器上进行形成三嵌段聚亚烷基二醇的实验。氧化物计量系统由重量控制，并受反应器中为3.5巴的最大压力的限制。当供给所需量的氧化物时，自动停止氧化物供给。
实施例1-
对于实施例1，在室温下将3674.63克如上所述的引发剂和4.75克45重量％KOH水溶液装入反应器中。为了限制由于引发剂在碱催化剂存在下的氧化而导致的任何变色，用氮气充分冲洗反应器。接下来，将反应器内容物升温至115℃，同时以约230rpm的速度混合。通过施加30毫巴真空，将水从起始物/催化剂混合物中除去。在减压下1小时后，从反应器内容物中获取样品并通过滴定测定水含量(测量了805ppm的水)。用氮气使反应器中剩余的物质(3671.39克引发剂、2.14克KOH当量(403ppm)和2.96克水)升至约1.2巴。接下来，将反应器混合物的温度升高至135℃，同时以250rpm的速度混合。达到该温度后，在4小时30分钟的时间内加入1636克EO。在15小时的消化时间后，将反应器内容物冷却至约70℃，并加入25克硅酸镁以吸收钾催化剂。混合约30分钟后，将反应器内容物从反应器中取出，并使用具有来自赛多利斯斯泰迪生物技术公司(Sartorius Stedim Biotech)的1288型滤纸的布氏漏斗过滤直至产物澄清。过滤的产物具有0.002meq/g(即2meq/g)的总不饱和度水平、<5μeq/g的烯丙基含量和28℃至30℃的1％浊点(使用ASTM D2024测得)。该产物具有2493g/mol的分子量(使用ASTM D4274测得)、在40℃下222mm2/sec的运动粘度和在100℃下34.4mm2/sec的运动粘度(使用ASTM D7042测得)。如通过NMR测定的，PAG含有约30重量％的氧乙烯。
实施例2-
对于实施例2，在室温下将702.21克如上所述的引发剂和4.77克45重量％KOH装入反应器中。为了限制由于引发剂在碱催化剂存在下的氧化而导致的任何变色，用氮气充分冲洗反应器。接下来，将反应器内容物升温至115℃，同时以约220rpm的速度混合。通过施加30毫巴真空，将水从起始物/催化剂混合物中除去。在减压下40分钟后，从反应器内容物中获取样品并通过滴定测定水含量(测量了2010ppm的水)。通过再次施加30毫巴真空，将反应器中剩余的物质(699.64克引发剂、2.14克KOH当量和1.41克水)再干燥1小时10分钟。获取样品并通过滴定测定水含量不等于1000ppm的水。用氮气使反应器中剩余的物质(696.84克引发剂、2.13克KOH当量(2110ppm)和0.36克水)升至约1.2巴。接下来，将反应器混合物的温度升高至135℃，同时以250rpm的速度混合。达到该温度后，在约35分钟的时间内加入310.5克EO。在15小时30分钟的消化时间后，将反应器内容物冷却至约60℃，并加入23克硅酸镁以吸收钾催化剂。混合约30分钟后，将反应器内容物从反应器中取出，并使用具有来自赛多利斯斯泰迪生物技术公司(Sartorius Stedim Biotech)的1288型滤纸的布氏漏斗过滤直至产物澄清。过滤的产物具有0.004meq/g(即4meq/g)的总不饱和度水平、<5μeq/g的烯丙基含量和28℃至30℃的1％浊点(使用ASTM D2024测得)。其具有2377g/mol的分子量(使用ASTMD4274测得)、在40℃下215mm2/sec的运动粘度和在100℃下35.1mm2/sec的运动粘度(使用ASTM D7042测得)。PAG含有约30重量％的氧乙烯。
发泡特性的评价
根据ASTM D1173评价实施例1和实施例2以及对比例1(ABA聚亚烷基二醇(EO-PO-EO)，其仅使用用于B嵌段的KOH和用于A嵌段的KOH制备，并且具有为0.0428meq/g(42.8μeq/g)的总不饱和度水平，烯丙基含量为35μeq/g)的发泡特性，但是是在环境温度(23℃)下而不是在按照该方法的推荐温度49℃下评价：对比例1具有为2367g/mol的分子量，在40℃下为212mm2/sec的运动粘度和在100℃下为34.2mm2/sec的运动粘度，并且具有占聚合物30重量％的氧乙烯含量和70重量％的氧丙烯含量。表面活性剂的发泡特性的标准试验方法方法1和方法2两者如下:
方法1的概述
使用去离子水制备试验聚合物的0.1％水溶液。使用移液管用50mL试验溶液冲洗接收器的壁，并且在排放到接收器的底部之后，调节旋塞阀，使得接收器中溶液的液位刚好在50mL标记处。接收器是具有50mm内径的耐化学性玻璃管，其中一端收缩并密封到直孔并具有6mm孔和12mm杆的标准锥形6号旋塞阀。接收器包含刻度标记，该刻度标记可以显示接收器中的液体体积。进一步的细节描述于ASTM程序中。接收器安装在具有70mm内径的标准壁管式夹套中，该标准壁管式夹套装配有入口和出口连接。夹套与水源连接，并且水温是恒温控制的。在我们的实验中，水温是环境温度。使用试验溶液填充泡沫移液管至200mL标记，为此目的使用轻微抽吸。立即将其放置在接收器顶部的适当位置，确保较低的移液管尖端位于泡沫接收器的中心，并打开旋塞阀。当所有溶液从移液管中流出时，启动秒表，在t＝0分钟时读取初始泡沫高度读数，随后在t＝5分钟时读取最终读数。通过测量泡沫柱顶部在泡沫边缘所达到的最高平均高度处的泡沫产量来读取读数。该高度与泡沫中剩余的空气体积成比例。
方法2的概述
除了使用0.5％溶液和在时间T＝0分钟、1分钟、2分钟、3分钟、4分钟和5分钟时测量泡沫高度之外，根据方法1进行泡沫测试。
方法1的结果示于表1中
Figure BDA0004105840450000091
使用方法2的结果示于表2中
Figure BDA0004105840450000101

Claims (14)

1.一种包含聚亚烷基二醇嵌段共聚物的水性组合物，其中所述聚亚烷基二醇具有为不超过4000g/mol的分子量，并且其特征在于其是具有基于共聚物的总重量计为至少20％的氧乙烯重量百分比和为小于20μeq/g的烯丙基含量的氧乙烯/氧丙烯嵌段共聚物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于如根据ASTM D1173在环境温度下测定的，在去离子水中0.5重量％浓度下表现出小于50ml的初始泡沫高度，并且在5分钟后表现出小于15ml的初始泡沫高度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物，其中如使用OECD 301F测定的，所述聚亚烷基二醇嵌段共聚物具有为至少60％的可生物降解性。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物，其中基于所述聚亚烷基二醇的总重量计，所述聚亚烷基二醇具有为至少20％的氧乙烯重量百分比。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物，还包含二醇，其中所述二醇选自乙二醇和二甘醇。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物，其中所述嵌段共聚物具有三嵌段结构，所述三嵌段结构在氧丙烯嵌段的两侧各具有两个氧乙烯嵌段。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的组合物，其中所述聚亚烷基二醇中的氧乙烯重量百分比为小于40％。
8.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的组合物，其中所述水以10重量％至60重量％的量存在。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物，还包含一种或多种添加剂，所述一种或多种添加剂选自腐蚀抑制剂、摩擦改性剂、抗磨添加剂、空气释放添加剂、泡沫控制剂、抗微生物剂和染料。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物，其中所述聚亚烷基二醇具有式：
Figure FDA0004105840440000021
其中a'和a”在每次出现时独立地为1至20的整数，条件是a’+a”至少为5且不超过40，并且b为15至40的整数。
11.一种用于制备氧乙烯/氧丙烯嵌段共聚物的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
a)通过使环氧丙烷与多元醇引发剂在双金属氰化物催化剂的存在下反应，形成包含氧丙烯嵌段的第一中间体，以及
b)使所述第一中间体与环氧乙烷在KOH催化剂的存在下反应。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述双金属氰化物催化剂以所述中间体的计算质量的10ppm至100ppm的范围存在。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的方法，其中所述KOH催化剂以所述聚亚烷基二醇的计算质量的100ppm至4000ppm的范围添加。
14.根据权利要求11、12或13所述的方法，其中所述多元醇引发剂为二醇。
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