CN116056698A - 具有血脑屏障穿透能力的取代的1-(3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮化合物 - Google Patents
具有血脑屏障穿透能力的取代的1-(3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- quinolin
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Abstract
本发明公开了具有穿过血脑屏障能力的取代的1‑(3,3‑二氟哌啶‑4‑基)‑8‑(吡啶‑3‑基)‑1,3‑二氢‑2H‑咪唑并[4,5‑c]喹啉‑2‑酮化合物;该化合物具有式(I)所示的结构式:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新的1-(3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮衍生物、其盐、水合物及其多晶型物,尤其涉及具有穿透血脑屏障并选择性调节共济失调毛细血管扩张突变(ATM)激酶的能力的取代的1-(3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮化合物,本发明还涉及此类化合物及其盐治疗或预防ATM激酶介导的疾病(包括癌症)的用途,尤其是当与放射疗法或与DNA双链断裂剂组合用于神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、弥漫性内源性脑桥胶质瘤以及具有中枢神经系统转移瘤的癌症时。
背景技术
ATM(共济失调-毛细血管扩张突变)激酶是位于人11号染色体(11q22.3)上的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶的磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶相关激酶(PIKK)家族的成员,由分布在150kb基因组DNA上的69个外显子组成,包含DNA依赖性蛋白激酶催化亚基(DNA-PKcs/PRKDC)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(MTOR/FRAP)和生殖器形态发生抑制因子(SMG1)。ATM激酶的细胞功能范围从DNA损伤应答(DDR)的调节到细胞存活、增殖、代谢、分化、运动和无介导的mRNA降解(S.P.Jackson、J.Bartek,Nature,第461卷(2010),第1071-1078页,A.Ciccia,S.J.ElledgeMol Cell,第40卷(2011),第179-204页)。
ATM激酶在G1/S细胞周期检查点的激活中起着至关重要的作用,防止DNA受损的细胞进入S期。ATM缺陷细胞对DNA双链断裂诱导剂诸如电离辐射和拓扑异构酶-II抑制剂(多柔比星、依托泊苷、依托泊苷、替尼泊苷、多柔比星、伊达比星、表柔比星和米托蒽醌)以及在复制期间单链断裂至双链断裂的转化试剂诸如拓扑异构酶-I抑制剂(伊立替康和拓扑替康等)敏感,使得ATM成为抗癌化疗增敏和放射增敏的有吸引力的靶标,因此ATM激酶抑制剂有望作为现有疗法的合理联合制品用于癌症的治疗。
ATM在其非活性状态下形成同源二聚体或更高级多聚体,其在丝氨酸1981的快速分子间自磷酸化后解离成活性单体,丝氨酸1981是依赖于ATM活化的肿瘤途径的直接药效学和患者选择生物标志物。ATM向DNA双链断裂(DSB)位点的募集是通过MRE11-RAD50-NBS1(MRN)复合物介导的。MRN复合物在DNA DSB的位点处快速组装,在那里它充当损伤传感器,该复合物也可形成跨越DSB的物理桥(T.H.Stracker,J.H.J.Petrini,Nat Rev Mol CellBiol,第12卷(2011),第90-103页)。
ATM募集已被证明需要将ATM与NBS1的C末端结合,这种相互作用也增强了ATM的激酶活性(Z.You、C.Chahwan、J.Bailis、T.Hunter、P.Russell,Mol Cell Biol,第25卷(2005),第5363-5379页)。在募集到DNA DSB位点后,ATM立即参与组蛋白变体H2AX在丝氨酸139上的磷酸化(S.Burma、B.P.Chen、M.Murphy、A.Kurimasa、D.J.Chen,Biol Chem,第276卷(2001),第42462-42467页),这引发了在断裂位点组装DDR组件的级联反应(T.T.Paull、E.P.Rogakou、V.Yamazaki、C.U.Kirchgessner、M.Gellert、W.M.Bonner,Curr Biol,第10卷(2000),第886-895页)。
ATM的下游靶标包括肿瘤抑制蛋白p53和G1/S细胞周期的检查点激酶2(CHK2)。ATM还有助于S期内检查点的激活,这是因为ATM缺陷细胞在诱导DNA DSB后不会减少DNA合成,这种表型被称为抗辐射DNA合成。ATM对电离辐射(IR)反应的S期检查点功能部分地通过NBS1和SMC1的磷酸化介导。ATM对S期内检查点的额外加强通过其对CHK2的激活来介导,CHK2诱导S期促进磷酸酶Cdc25A的泛素化和降解,该磷酸酶Cdc25A通过激活DNA合成所需的细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶2(Cdk2)来促进S期进展。作为对IR的反应,数百种底物以ATM依赖性方式被磷酸化,而ATM通过DDR非依赖性作用在涉及维持细胞稳态的信号通路的调节中发挥作用,这些信号通路包括细胞代谢、对缺氧和氧化应激的反应。
成胶质细胞瘤或多形性成胶质细胞瘤(GBM)是晚期恶性WHO IV级脑肿瘤。由于血脑屏障(BBB)的存在,目前还没有能够在脑内达到有效量的靶向疗法被批准用于治疗GBM或DIPG患者。放射疗法和手术联合替莫唑胺仍是主要的治疗手段,但治疗效果有限。尤其是对于DIPG患者,放射是唯一的治疗选择,且会在5.5个月内复发。参见,例如Hamer等人,Neuro-Oncology,第12卷第3期:第304-316页,2010年。GBM是全脑疾病,并且所有GBM都具有临床上显著的肿瘤区域且具有完整的BBB。未能对GBM的所有区域提供有效的治疗将导致治疗失败,并且复发是不可避免的(Sarkaria等人,Neuro-Oncology,第20卷第2期:第184-191页,2018年)。ATM在放射敏感性中的作用和可穿透血脑屏障的ATM抑制剂作为放射增敏剂的潜在用途可能对治疗脑癌或伴有中枢神经系统转移瘤的癌症非常有用,特别是对于放射是唯一治疗选择的适应症,诸如DIPG。
发明内容
鉴于上述脑癌(特别是成胶质细胞瘤、DIPG和伴有中枢神经系统转移瘤的癌症)对放射抗性的重要性,可穿透血脑屏障并在颅内达到有效量的ATM抑制剂用于治疗或预防癌症是特别有用的。本发明的目的在于提供具有期望的穿透血脑屏障的能力并且具有ATM蛋白激酶抑制剂的药物特征的取代的1-(3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮化合物及其用途。
本发明展示了许多具有有利的物理和化学性质(例如高渗透性和低外排速率)和/或有利的毒性特征(例如hERG的降低和低的药物-药物相互作用倾向)和/或其他更有利的代谢曲线(非醛氧化酶底物)的化合物。因此,当与放射疗法或其他DNA双链断裂剂联合时,此类化合物通过穿透血脑屏障在颅内具有有效量,用于治疗和/或预防中枢神经系统转移瘤和脑癌。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
本发明涉及包含式(I)、(II)和(III)结构的化合物,所述化合物为:
其中R1独立地选自OC1-3烷基、OC3-5环烷基、OC1-C3氘烷基、二烷基胺、取代的C4-C6环胺或二氮杂双环胺;
R2独立地选自氢或氟;
R3独立地选自甲基或氘代甲基;
R4独立地选自C1-C3烷基或C1-C3氘代烷基。
优选地,在式(I)、(II)和(III)中
R1独立地选自甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基、环丙氧基、氘代甲氧基、二甲基胺、N,N-二甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-胺或2-甲基-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷;
R2独立地选自氢或氟;
R3独立地选自甲基或氘代甲基;
R4独立地选自甲基、乙基、异丙基或氘代甲基。
本发明还涉及药物组合物,该药物组合物包含前述化合物、其盐、其溶剂化物、其水合物或其多晶型物,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂或辅助成分。
本发明还涉及ATM抑制剂,所述抑制剂为上述化合物的活性成分;所述抑制剂能够穿透血脑屏障。
本发明还涉及前述化合物或前述药物组合物或前述抑制剂在制备用于治疗或预防由ATM激酶介导的疾病的药物中的用途。
优选地,蛋白质是具有活化ATM的激酶。
优选地,疾病是癌症的中枢神经转移性疾病,增殖性疾病,脑癌,中枢神经系统疾病,或癌症。
癌症中优选中枢神经转移瘤包括癌症的脑转移瘤、癌症的脑膜转移瘤、神经胶质瘤、DIPG和成胶质细胞瘤。
优选的疾病是脑癌、肺癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肝癌、膜性腺癌、肾癌、淋巴瘤、卵巢癌、胃癌、皮肤癌、骨癌、神经胶质瘤、成神经细胞瘤、肝细胞癌、乳头状肾细胞癌或头颈部鳞状细胞癌。
优选地,该疾病是非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)。
优选地,该疾病是伴有脑转移瘤的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)。
优选地,该疾病是伴有软脑膜转移瘤的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)。
优选地,该疾病是神经胶质瘤。
优选地,该疾病是成胶质细胞瘤。
优选地,该疾病是DIPG。
在另一方面,本发明涉及治疗对其有需要的受试者的疾病或疾病症状的方法,该方法包括向该受试者施用有效量的本文通式的任何化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或水合物(或它们的组合)。这些疾病或疾病症状可以是由ATM蛋白激酶调节的针对DNA损伤应答途径的那些疾病中的任一种疾病,特别是由放射或其他试剂引起的DNA双链断裂的修复。这些疾病或疾病症状可以是例如癌症或增殖性疾病或障碍(例如,包括本文所述的那些)。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1)本发明的1-(3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐具有穿透血脑屏障的能力,并且能够充当蛋白激酶抑制剂的特征性药物,特别是充当通过ATM表达的蛋白的特征性药物,并且可用于治疗或预防与异常蛋白激酶活性相关的障碍,诸如癌症、伴有脑转移瘤的癌症、伴有脑膜转移瘤的癌症、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤和DIPG。
2)本发明的1-(3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐具有低外排速率,其不是人P-糖蛋白和乳腺癌耐药蛋白外排底物,其降低了对外排酶的耐药性。
3)1-(3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐具有良好的药代动力学(非醛氧化酶底物)以及优于其他PIKK(诸如ATR、DNA-PK)的高生物活性和选择性,这可使潜在毒性最小化,降低片剂的负担并改善片剂的摄入依从性。
4)本发明的1-(3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐具有对抑制离子通道诸如hERG的低风险,具有良好的安全性和与其他药剂的良好的可结合性,具有对潜在的药物-药物相互作用倾向和时间依赖性抑制倾向的低风险。
附图说明
在附图中,
图1A至图1C示出了以下项的化学结构:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(1);(R/S)-1-(1-乙基-3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(2);(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-异丙基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(3);(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-乙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(4);(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-7-氟-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(5);(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-(氘代甲基)哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(6);(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-异丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(7);(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(二甲氨基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(8);(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-(氘代甲基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(9);(R/S)-8-(6-环丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(10);(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(11);(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(氘代甲氧基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(12);(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(6-((1R,5R/1S,5S)-(2-甲基-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(13);(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(14);(R)-1-(1-乙基-3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(15);(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-异丙基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(16);(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-乙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(17);(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-7-氟-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(18);(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-(氘代甲基)哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(19);(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-异丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(20);(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(二甲氨基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(21);(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-(氘代甲基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(22);(R)-8-(6-环丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(23);(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(24);(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(氘代甲氧基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(25);(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(6-((1R,5R)-(2-甲基-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(26);(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(6-((1S,5S)-(2-甲基-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]哌啶-2-酮(27);(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]哌啶-2-酮(28);(S)-1-(1-乙基-3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(29);(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-异丙基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(30);(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-乙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(31);(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-7-氟-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(32);(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-(氘代甲基)哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(33);(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-异丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(34);(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(二甲氨基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(35);(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-(氘代甲基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(36);(S)-8-(6-环丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(37);(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(38);(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(氘代甲氧基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(39);(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(6-((1R,5R)-(2-甲基-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(40);(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(6-((1S,5S)-(2-甲基-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(41)
图2示出了以下项的化学式和合成:3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-胺A6和1-苄基-3,3-二氟哌啶-4-胺A5’
图3示出了以下项的化学式和合成:8-溴-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮B5和8-溴-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-(氘代甲基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮B5’
图4示出了以下项的化学式和合成:8-溴-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-7-氟-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮C5
图5示出了以下项的化学式和合成:1-(3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮D7
图6示出了以下项的化学式和合成:2-环丙氧基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)吡啶E3
图7示出了以下项的化学式和合成:2-(氘代甲氧基)-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)吡啶F3
图8示出了以下项的化学式和合成:N,N-二甲基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)吡啶-2-胺G2
图9示出了以下项的化学式和合成:N,N-二甲基-1-(5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)吡啶-2-基)氮杂环丁烷-3-胺H2
图10示出了以下项的化学式和合成:2-甲基-6-(5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)吡啶-2-基)-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷I6
图11示出了硼酸酯中间体与芳基溴偶联的一般合成方法
图12示出了使用硼酸酯中间体与芳基溴偶联的一般合成方法的代表性示例
图13示出了用于手性分离外消旋产物1-13的一般方法
图14示出了用于手性分离外消旋产物的一般方法的代表性示例
图15示出了以下项的化学式和合成:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(1)
图16示出了以下项的化学式和合成:(R/S)-1-(1-乙基-3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(2)
图17示出了以下项的化学式和合成:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-异丙基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(3)
图18示出了以下项的化学式和合成:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-乙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(4)
图19示出了以下项的化学式和合成:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-7-氟-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(5)
图20示出了以下项的化学式和合成:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-(氘代甲基)哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(6)
图21示出了以下项的化学式和合成:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-异丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(7)
图22示出了以下项的化学式和合成:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(二甲氨基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(8)
图23示出了以下项的化学式和合成:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-(氘代甲基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(9)
图24示出了以下项的化学式和合成:(R/S)-8-(6-环丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(10)
图25示出了以下项的化学式和合成:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(11)
图26示出了以下项的化学式和合成:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(氘代甲氧基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(12)
图27示出了以下项的化学式和合成:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(6-((1R,5R/1S,5S)-(2-甲基-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(13)
具体实施方式
本发明的术语解释如下:
术语“改善”和“治疗”可互换使用,是指除了但不限于治疗益处和/或预防益处之外,减少、抑制、预防或稳定疾病(例如本文所述的疾病或障碍)的发生或进展。
“疾病”是指任何障碍或损害或干扰细胞、器官或组织的正常功能的障碍。
“标记物”是指与疾病或障碍相关的任何改变。例如,任何改变了与疾病或障碍相关的表达水平或活性的蛋白质或多核酸。
在该上下文中,“包括”、“含有”和“具有”以及类似术语具有专利法中赋予它们的含义;“基本上组成”或“基本上”具有与专利法中赋予的含义相同的含义,并且该术语是开放的,允许存在除所引用的对象之外的对象,只要所参考的对象的基础特征或新特征不因除所引用的对象之外的对象的存在而改变,但是不包括现有技术的实施。
如本文所用的术语“拮抗剂”和“抑制剂”可互换使用,并且是指化合物或试剂例如通过抑制蛋白质或多肽的活性或表达来抑制靶蛋白或多肽的生物学功能的能力。尽管本文的一些拮抗剂与特定的靶蛋白或多肽相互作用(例如,结合ATM),但这些化合物还通过与靶向蛋白或多肽的信号转导途径的其他成员相互作用而抑制靶蛋白或多肽的生物活性,该信号转导途径的其他成员包括在定义内的抑制肿瘤发展、生长或弥漫的肿瘤发展,或与通过自身免疫疾病表现出的不需要的免疫应答相关的肿瘤发展那些成员。
如本文所用的术语“抗癌剂”、“抗肿瘤剂”或“化学治疗剂”是指可用于治疗肿瘤障碍的任何药剂。一类抗癌剂包括化学治疗剂。“化学疗法”是指一种或多种化学治疗剂和/或以多种方式施用的其他药剂,包括静脉内、口服、皮下、肌内、腹膜内、膀胱内、透皮、颊或吸入方式。
如本文所用,术语“细胞增殖”是指由于细胞分裂以及细胞生长(例如,增加的大小)而导致的细胞数量的增加,该细胞增殖与细胞形态学的增殖信号一致。
如本文所用,术语“共同施用”是指同时使用两种或更多种药物,以及同时存在使用两种或更多种药剂的组合物,以及在不同时间施用或单独施用两种或更多种药物和/或其代谢物。
如本文所用,术语“有效量”或“有效治疗量”是指本文所述的化合物或药物组合物的量足以实现预期用途,包括但不限于治疗疾病。在一些实施方案中,检测出该量对以下项有效:杀伤癌细胞,或者抑制癌细胞的生长或扩散;肿瘤的大小或数量;或癌症的严重性水平、阶段和进展。有效治疗的量可根据预期应用而变化,诸如体外或体内、疾病的病症和严重性、受试者年龄、体重或施用模式。该术语还适用于将诱导靶细胞的剂量,例如,通过特异性应答减少细胞迁移。具体剂量将取决于例如所选的具体化合物、受试者物种及其年龄/现有健康状况或健康状况、施用途径、疾病的严重性、与其他药剂联合、施用时间、其所施用的组织和施用装置。
如本文所用的术语“治疗效果”包括治疗益处和/或预防益处。预防效果包括延迟或消除疾病或病症的发作,延迟或消除疾病的症状或障碍的发作,减缓、停止或逆转疾病或病症,或它们的任何组合。
如本文所用,术语“信号转导”是将刺激或抑制信号送至细胞以启动细胞内应答的过程。信号转导途径的“调节剂”是指化合物调节由特定信号转导途径介导的细胞蛋白的一种或多种活性。“调节剂”可增加(激动剂)信号传导分子的活性或抑制(拮抗剂)信号传导分子的活性。
如本文所用的术语“选择性抑制”是指化合物通过直接相互作用或间接相互作用,与脱靶的靶活性相比,选择性降低靶信号传导活性的能力。例如,化合物选择性抑制ATM的活性是ATR活性的至少约2倍、约3倍、约5倍、约10倍、约20倍、约50倍、约100倍或更多。
如本文所用,术语“放射疗法”是指受试者暴露于辐射发射体,该辐射发射体诸如但不限于发射放射性核元素(例如锕和钍放射性核元素)(例如β发射体)的α粒子、转换电子发射体(例如锶-89和钐153-EDTMP),或者包括但不限于X射线、γ射线和中子的高能辐射。
如本文所用的术语“受试者”包括但不限于人(例如任何年龄组,例如男性或女性(例如婴儿、儿童、青少年)或成年受试者(例如年轻人、中年人或老年人))和/或其他灵长类动物(例如食蟹猴、恒河猴);哺乳动物,包括与商业相关的哺乳动物,诸如牛、绵羊、山羊、猪、马、猫和/或狗;和/或鸟类,包括与商业相关的鸟类,诸如鸡、鹅、鹌鹑、鸭和/或火鸡。
如本文所用,术语“体内”是指在受试者体内发生的活动。在啮齿类动物诸如大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠等中的事件也包括在体内。
如本文所用,术语“体外”是指在体外发生的事件。例如,体外测试涉及在体外发生的任何检测。体外测定包括基于活细胞或死细胞的细胞测定,以及用于非完整细胞的无细胞测定。
如本文所用的术语“化合物”还旨在包括本文通式的盐。该术语还包括任何上述物质的任何溶剂化物、水合物和多晶型物。在本申请中描述的本发明的某些方面,不应解释对“溶剂化物”、“水合物”或“多晶型物”的具体提及。在使用术语“化合物”而不提及这些其他形式的本发明的其他方面,并非旨在排除此类形式。
本发明化合物的盐是在化合物的酸性基团与碱性基团(例如氨基官能团)之间形成的。根据另一优选实施方案,该化合物是药学上可接受的酸加成盐。
如本文所用的术语“药学上可接受的”是指适于用于与人和其他哺乳动物组织接触而没有合理毒性、刺激、过敏反应等并且比组分具有合理利益/风险的药物组合物。“药学上可接受的盐”是指任何无毒的盐,当施用于接受者时,可直接或间接地提供本发明的化合物。
通常用于形成药学上可接受的盐的酸包括无机酸诸如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、氢碘酸和磷酸,以及有机酸诸如三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、马来酸、草酸、苦味酸乙酸、己二酸、海藻酸、天冬氨酸、硫酸、硼酸、丁酸、戊酸、樟脑酸、硫氰酸樟脑酯、二葡萄糖酸、十二烷基硫酸酯、特戊酸、甲酸、富马酸、氢碘酸、苯甲酸、2-羟基-乙磺酸、富马酸、硬脂酸、乳糖酸、丙酸月桂酸、油酸、烟酸、乳酸肉桂酸、琥珀酸、扁桃酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、酒石酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、果胶酸、甲磺酸、扑酸酯、苯磺酸、过硫酸、棕榈酸、丙二酸、甘油磷酸、2-萘磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸、抗坏血酸、3-苯基丙酸、葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖醛酸、磷酸、谷氨酸、乙磺酸、对溴苯磺酸和碳酸,以及相关的无机酸和有机酸。
如本文所用,术语“水合物”是指包含通过非共价分子间力结合的化学计量量或非化学计量量的水的化合物。如本文所用的术语“溶剂化物”是指包含通过非共价分子间力结合的化学计量量或非化学计量量的溶剂(诸如水、二氯甲烷、2-丙醇、丙酮、甲醇、乙醇等)的化合物。药学上可接受的溶剂化物和水合物是可包含例如1个至约100个,或1个至约10个,或1个至约4个、约3个、或约2个溶剂分子或水分子的复合物。应当理解,如本文所用的术语“化合物”包括所述化合物和化合物的溶剂化物、水合物以及它们的混合物。
如本文所用的术语“多晶型物”是指化合物或其复合物的固体结晶形式。同一化合物的不同多晶型物可表现出不同的物理、化学和/或光谱性质。不同的物理性质包括但不限于稳定性(例如热、光或水分)、密度、吸湿性、溶解性、可压缩性和溶解速率。
如本文所用的术语“异构体”是具有相同分子式的不同化合物。“立体异构体”是仅以不同方式排列原子的异构体。如本文所用的术语“异构体”包括任何以及所有几何异构体和立体异构体。例如,“异构体”包括顺式异构体和反式异构体的几何双键,也被称为E-异构体和Z-异构体;R-对映异构体和S-对映异构体;非对映异构体、(D)异构体和(L)异构体、它们的外消旋混合物以及它们的其他混合物。
碳-碳取代基周围的双键被指定为“Z”或“E”构型,其中术语“Z”和“E”根据IUPAC标准使用。除非另有说明,否则结构描绘了“E”异构体和“Z”异构体两者。
碳-碳双键周围的可取代的取代基可被称为“顺式”或“反式”,其中“顺式”是指在双键的同一侧上的取代基,并且“反式”表示在两侧上的取代基。取代基的周围碳环的排列也可被指定为“顺式”或“反式”。术语“顺式”是指在环平面中同一侧的取代基,并且术语“反式”是指在环平面的两侧上的取代基。其中在两个环平面的同一侧和相对侧上的取代基的混合物被表示为“顺式/反式”。
如本文所用的术语“对映异构体”是一对相互重叠的非重叠镜面的立体异构体。任何比例的对映异构体的混合物都可被称为“外消旋”混合物。术语“(±)”用于将外消旋混合物指定为适合的。“非对映异构体”是指具有至少两个不对称原子但它们的立体异构体彼此不同的镜像。绝对立体化学根据Cahn-lngal-Prelog R-S系统指定。当化合物是对映异构体时,各手性碳的立体化学可指定为R或S。化合物的绝对构型是未知的,并且可指定为(+)或(-),这取决于它们在钠D线(右或左)波长中偏振光的旋转方向。本文所述的一些物质含有一个或多个不对称中心,因此可产生对映异构体、非对映异构体,并且可定义其他立体异构形式,在每个不对称原子(R)-或(S)-的绝对立体化学中,药物组合物和方法包括所有这些可能的异构体,包括外消旋混合物、光学纯形式和中间混合物。光学活性的(R)-和(S)-还可使用手性合成方法或手性试剂,或通过常规技术制备。
如本文所用的术语“对映异构体过量”可使用下面所示的式进行计算。在下面所示的示例中,组合物含有90%的一种对映异构体,例如S对映异构体,并且含有10%的另一种对映异构体,例如R对映异构体。
ee值=(90-10)/100=80%。
因此,含有90%的一种对映异构体和10%的另一种对映异构体的组合物被认为具有80%的对映异构体过量。本文所述的一些组合物含有至少约50%对映异构体过量,约75%、约90%、约95%或约99%的S对映异构体。换句话讲,组合物包含R对映异构体中的对映异构体过量的S对映异构体。在其他实施方案中,本文所述的一些组合物含有至少约50%对映异构体过量,约75%、约90%、约95%或约99%的R对映异构体。换句话讲,组合物包含S对映异构体中的对映异构体过量的R对映异构体。例如,在一些实施方案中,异构体/对映异构体可提供相应对映异构体的ee值,并且还可被称为“光学富集”、“对映异构体富集”、“对映异构体纯”和“非外消旋”,它们在本文中可互换使用。这些术语是指对映异构体中的一个对映异构体的重量百分比大于组合物的对照混合物的量,而不是大于一个对映异构体中的外消旋组合物的量(例如,大于1:1重量比)。例如,S对映异构体的对映异构的对映异构体以对映异构体的约75重量%存在,例如,大于化合物的约50重量%,至少约80重量%。在一些实施方案中,富集大于约80重量%,提供“基本上对映异构体富集的”、“基本上对映异构体纯的”或“基本上非酸的”是指相对于其他对映异构体之一,该对映异构体的重量具有组合物的至少85%,诸如制剂的至少约90重量%,并且进一步例如至少约95重量%。在某些实施方案中,本文提供的化合物可以至少一种对映异构体的约90重量%的量存在。在其他实施方案中,化合物可以对映异构体的至少约95重量%、约98重量%或约100重量%的量存在。在一些实施方案中,化合物是(S)-外消旋和(R)-外消旋混合物。在其他实施方案中,提供了一种方法,其中混合物中的单个化合物(S)主要是化合物的混合物,或者(R)-是主要存在的化合物的混合物。例如,化合物混合物大于约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%、约96%、约97%、约98%、约99%、约99.5%或更多。在其他实施方案中,化合物的混合物具有大于约55%至约99.5%、大于约60%至约99.5%、大于约65%至约99.5%、大于约70%至约99.5%、大于约75%至约99.5%、大于约80%至约99.5%、大于约85%至约99.5%、大于约96%至约99.5%、大于约97%至约99.5%、大于约98%至大于约99.5%、大于约99%至约99.5%或更大的(S)-对映异构体过量。在其他实施方案中,化合物混合物(R)-对映异构体纯度大于约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%、约96%、约97%、约98%、约99%、约99.5%或更多。在其他实施方案中,化合物的混合物具有大于约55%至约99.5%、大于约60%至约99.5%、大于约65%至约99.5%、大于约70%至约99.5%、大于约75%至约99.5%、大于约95%至约99.5%、大于约85%至约99.5%、大于约96%至约99.5%、大于约97%至约99.5%、大于约98%至大于约99.5%、大于约99%至约99.5%或更多的(R)-对映异构体过量。
在其他实施方案中,化合物混合物除了其立体化学取向,即除了(S)-或(R)-之外,还包含相同的化学实体。例如,如果化合物中存在-CH(R)-单元,并且R不是氢,则-CH(R)-与(S)-或(R)-立体化学取向是相同的化学实体。在一些实施方案中,相同化学实体的混合物中的(S)-异构体以大于约55%至约99.5%、大于约60%至约99.5%、大于约65%至约99.5%、大于约90%至约99.5%、大于约90%至约99.5%、大于约90%至约99.5%、至约99.5%、大于约95%至约99.5%、大于约96%至约99.5%、大于约97%至约99.5%、大于约98%至大于约99.5%、大于约99%至约99.5%或更多的(S)-对映异构体过量存在。
在另一实施方案中,相对于(S)-异构体,(R)-异构体以约55%、约60%、约65%、约90%、约95%、约85%、约90%、约95%、约96%、约97%、约98%、约99%、约99.5%或更大存在于相同的化学实体(除了其立体化学取向之外)。在一些实施方案中,在相同化学实体(除了其立体化学取向之外)的混合物中的(R)-对映异构体过量为大于约55%至约99.5%、大于约60%至约99.5%、大于约75%至约99.5%、大于约75%至约99.5%、大于约75%至约99.5%、大于约90%至约99.5%、大于约95%至约99.5%、大于约96%至约99.5%、大于约97%至约99.5%、大于约98%至大于约99.5%、大于约99%至约99.5%或更多。
对映异构体可通过本领域技术人员已知的任何方法从外消旋混合物中分离,这些方法包括手性高效液相色谱(HPLC)、手性盐形成和结晶,或非合成的合成。
光学异构体还可通过用光学活性的酸或碱以常规方式裂解外消旋混合物(例如通过形成非对映异构体盐)来获得。合适的酸的示例包括但不限于酒石酸、二乙酰、二苯酰、二甲氧基酒石酸和樟脑磺酸。从这些盐的光学活性碱的混合物中分离异构体可通过非对映异构体结晶来实现。另选地,开放化合物与活化形式的光学纯的酸或光学纯的异氰酸酯的反应涉及共价非对映异构体分子的合成。合成的对映异构体可通过常规方法(诸如色谱、蒸馏、结晶或升华)分离,随后水解以提供对映异构体富集的化合物。光学活性化合物还可通过使用活性材料获得。在一些实施方案中,这些异构体可以是游离酸、游离碱、酯或盐的形式。
在某些实施方案中,该药学上可接受的形式是互变异构体。如本文所用,术语“互变异构体”是异构体的一种类型,其包括衍生自氢原子和共价键(例如单键与双键、三键与单键,或反之亦然)的两种或更多种相互转化的化合物的迁移和改变中的至少一种形式。“互变异构”包括质子或质子迁移互变异构,其被认为是酸-碱化学式的子集。“质子转移互变异构”涉及伴随键变化的质子迁移。互变异构体的确切比例取决于几个因素,包括温度、溶剂和pH。其中,互变异构是可能的(例如在溶液中),并且可达到互变异构体的化学平衡。互变异构(即,提供互变异构体对的反应)可由酸或碱催化,或者可在存在或不存在外部试剂的情况下发生。诸如互变异构加成物包括但不限于酮与烯醇;酰胺与酰亚胺;烯胺与亚胺;以及一种形式的烯胺与不同形式的烯胺。酮与烯醇互变异构体的具体示例是戊烷-2,4-二酮和4-羟基戊-3-烯-2-酮互变异构体。互变异构的另一个示例是苯酚和酮互变异构。酚和酮互变异构体的具体示例是吡啶-4-酚和吡啶-4-(1H)-酮互变异构体。
除非另有说明,否则其意指本文所述的结构包括仅以一个或多个同位素富集原子存在的化合物。例如,该化合物具有其中一个氢被氘或氚替代的结构,或者所公开范围内的碳13或碳14被富集。
本公开还包括那些“同位素标记的衍生物”,它们是本文所述的那些化合物的药学上可接受的形式,除了一个或多个原子具有与通常在自然界中发现的不同的原子质量之外。可掺入所公开化合物中的同位素的示例包括氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、氟和氯的同位素,诸如2H、3H、13C、14C、15N、18O、17O、18F和36Cl。某些同位素标记的公开化合物(例如,标记3H和14C的那些化合物)用于测定化合物和/或底物组织分布。氚(即3H)和碳14(即14C)同位素可容易地制备和测试。此外,用较重同位素诸如氘(即2H或D)取代可提供某些由更大代谢稳定性(例如在体内增加半衰期或降低剂量要求)引起的治疗优点。同位素标记的公开化合物通常可通过用非同位素标记的试剂替代同位素标记的试剂来制备。在一些实施方案中,本文提供的化合物还可包含一种或多种非天然原子同位素以形成此类化合物。本文在本公开的范围内使用所公开化合物的所有同位素变体,无论是否是放射性的。在一些实施方案中,放射性标记的化合物可用于研究化合物的代谢和组织分布,以改变代谢途径或速率或其他生物功能。
如本文所用,术语“立体异构体”是指对映异构体和非对映异构体。
如本文所用的术语“卤”或“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴和碘的任何基团。
如本文所用,术语“烷基”是指由碳和氢原子组成的直链或支链,不包括不饱和的,具有1个至10个碳原子、优选地1个至8个碳原子的烃链。“低级烷基”是指具有1个至4个碳原子的烷基(包括1个和4个碳原子)。
术语“芳基烷基”是指其中烷基氢原子被芳基取代的部分。
术语“烯基”是指具有2个至10个、优选地2个至4个碳原子,具有至少一个双键的直链或支链烃链。当烯基与氮原子连接时,优选的是不要通过具有双键的碳直接连接此类基团。
术语“烷氧基”是指经由氧连接到母体分子结构的包含1个至10个碳原子的-O-烷基,这些碳原子来自直链、支链、饱和环状结构以及它们的组合。例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环己氧基等。“低级烷氧基”是指含有一个至六个碳的烷氧基。
术语“炔基”是指含有至少一个三键、直链烃基团的2个至10个碳原子(即C2-10炔基)、优选地2个至4个碳原子的直链或支链烃链。当炔基与氮原子连接时,优选的是不要通过具有三键的碳直接连接此类基团。
术语“亚烷基”是指通过单键连接的具有1个至5个碳原子的二价直链桥(例如-(CH2)x-,其中x为1至5),其可被1个至3个烷基取代基取代。
如本文所用的术语“环烷基”和“环烯基”包括具有3个至12个碳原子、优选地3个至8个碳原子、并且更优选地3个至6个碳原子的饱和的和部分饱和的环状烃烷基。
术语“Ar”或“芳基”是指含有6个至14个碳原子的芳族环状基团(例如6元单环、10元双环)。示例性的芳基包括苯基、萘基和联苯基。
术语“杂环”、“杂环的”或“杂环基”是指完全饱和的或部分不饱和的环状基团,诸如在至少一个环中具有至少一个杂原子的3元至7元单环、7元至12元双环、15元三环环系,其中每个环的0、1、2或3个原子可被取代基取代。含有杂原子的杂环基团中的每个环可具有1、2、3或4个选自氮原子、氧原子和/或硫原子的杂原子,其中氮杂原子和硫杂原子可任选地被氧化,并且氮杂原子可任选地被季铵化。杂环基团可在环或环系的任何杂原子或碳原子处连接。
术语“取代基”是指在本文所述的任何官能团上被“取代”的基团,例如烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烯基、芳基碱、杂环基或杂芳基。合适的取代基包括但不限于卤素、CN、NO2、OR、SR、S(O)2OR、NRR'、C1-C2全氟烷基、C1-C2全氟烷氧基、(NR)NRR'、N(NR)NRR'、N(NR)NRR'、N(NR)NRR'、C(O)(O)R"、S(0)2R"、R'、C(0)R'、C(O)R"、N(R)(CH2)nOH、(CH2)nOR、(CH2)nC(O)NRR'、NRS(O)2R',其中n独立地为0至6,包括0和6。每个R独立地为氢、C1-C4烷基或C3-C6环烷基。每个R'独立地为氢、烯基、炔基、C3-C6环烷基、芳基、杂环基、杂芳基、C1-C4烷基,或者被C3-C5环烷基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基取代的C-C4烷基取代。每个R”独立地为C3-C6环烷基、芳基、杂环基、杂芳基、C1-C4烷基,或者被C3-C6环烷基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基、C1-C4烷基取代。每个R、R’和R”中的每个C3-C5环烷基、芳基、杂环基、杂芳基和C1-C4烷基可任选地被卤素、CN、C1-C4烷基、OH、C1-C4烷氧基、NH2、C1-C4烷基氨基、C1-C4二烷基氨基、C1-C2全氟烷基、C1-C2全氟烷氧基或1,2-亚甲二氧基取代。
术语“氧代基”是指当与碳连接时形成羧基、当与氮连接时形成N-氧化物并且当与硫连接时形成亚砜或砜的氧原子。
术语“酰基”是指烷基羰基、环烷基羰基、芳基羰基、杂环基羰基或杂芳基羰基取代基,这些取代基中的任一者可进一步被取代基取代。
术语“CDCl3”是指氘代氯仿。
术语“DMSO-d6”是指氘代二甲基亚砜
术语“LC-MS:(ESI)”指电喷雾电离液相色谱质谱
如本文所用的术语“改变”被定义为相对生理状态的变化。示例性的改变包括突变、缺失、与其他蛋白融合、过表达或低表达。
本文中变量的任何定义中列举化学基团的描述包括将变量定义为任何单一基团或列举基团的组合。本文中变量的实施方案的描述包括将该实施方案作为任何单一实施方案,或者与任何其他实施方案或其部分组合。该实施方案的实施方案的描述包括将该实施方案作为任何单一实施方案,或者与任何其他实施方案或其部分组合。
本发明的化合物可含有一个或多个不对称中心,因此表现为外消旋物和外消旋混合物、单一对映异构体、各个非对映异构体,以及非对映异构体混合物。这些化合物的所有此类异构形式明确地包括在本发明中。本发明的化合物还可以各种互变异构形式存在,在这种情况下,本发明明确地包括本文所述化合物的所有互变异构形式。此类化合物的所有此类异构形式包括在本发明中。本文所述化合物的所有结晶形式明确地包括在本发明中。
本发明的化合物:
在一方面,本发明提供了式(I)的化合物
或其盐;或其水合物、溶剂化物或多晶型物;其中:
其中R1独立地选自OC1-3烷基、OC3-5环烷基、OC1-C3氘烷基、二烷基胺、取代的C4-C6环胺或二氮杂双环胺;
R2独立地选自氢或氟;
R3独立地选自甲基或氘代甲基;
R4独立地选自C1-C3烷基或C1-C3氘代烷基;
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供了式(II)的化合物:
或其盐;或其水合物、溶剂化物或多晶型物;其中:
R1独立地选自OC1-3烷基、OC3-5环烷基、OC1-C3氘烷基、二烷基胺、取代的C4-C6环胺或二氮杂双环胺;
R2独立地选自氢或氟;
R3独立地选自甲基或氘代甲基;
R4独立地选自C1-C3烷基或C1-C3氘代烷基;
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供了式(III)的化合物:
或其盐;或其水合物、溶剂化物或多晶型物;其中:
R1独立地选自OC1-3烷基、OC3-5环烷基、OC1-C3氘烷基、二烷基胺、取代的C4-C6环胺或二氮杂双环胺;
R2独立地选自氢或氟;
R3独立地选自甲基或氘代甲基;
R4独立地选自C1-C3烷基或C1-C3氘代烷基;
本发明的代表性化合物是图1A至图1C所示的化合物1至41。在这些示例中,除非明确说明,否则手性碳原子的立体化学独立地为R/S、R或S。本文所述的结构包括参考图1A至图1C的以下化合物1至41的结构,其可以是某些NH、NH2(氨基)和OH(羟基)基团,其中相应的氢原子未明确示出;然而,它们将视情况被读作NH、NH2或OH。在一些结构中,画出一个杆状键意味着一个甲基。
本发明的代表性化合物如下:
(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(1)
(R/S)-1-(1-乙基-3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(2)
(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-异丙基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(3)
(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-乙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(4)
(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-7-氟-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(5)
(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-(氘代甲基)哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(6)
(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-异丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(7)
(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(二甲氨基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(8)
(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-(氘代甲基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(9)
(R/S)-8-(6-环丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(10)
(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(11)
(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(氘代甲氧基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(12)
(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(6-((1R,5R/1S,5S)-(2-甲基-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(13)
(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(14)
(R)-1-(1-乙基-3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(15)
(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-异丙基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(16)
(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-乙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(17)
(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-7-氟-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(18)
(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-(氘代甲基)哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(19)
(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-异丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(20)
(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(二甲氨基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(21)
(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-(氘代甲基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(22)
(R)-8-(6-环丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(23)
(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(24)
(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(氘代甲氧基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(25)
(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(6-((1R,5R)-(2-甲基-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(26)
(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(6-((1S,5S)-(2-甲基-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(27)
(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(28)
(S)-1-(1-乙基-3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(29)
(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-异丙基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(30)
(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-乙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(31)
(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-7-氟-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(32)
(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-(氘代甲基)哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(33)
(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-异丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(34)
(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(二甲氨基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(35)
(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-(氘代甲基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(36)
(S)-8-(6-环丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(37)
(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(38)
(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(氘代甲氧基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(39)
(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(6-((1R,5R)-(2-甲基-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(40)
(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(6-((1S,5S)-(2-甲基-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(41)
本文通式的化合物的合成可容易地由普通合成化学技术人员进行,例如本文公开的相关方法和中间体。本文提及的每个专利、专利申请和出版物,无论是在传统杂志中还是仅在互联网上,这些文献全文以引用方式并入本文。
合成本文通式的化合物的其他方法可容易地从本文引用的参考文献中修改。这些程序的变化以及它们的优化在普通技术人员的能力范围内。
以上所示的具体模式和化合物并非旨在进行限制。该方案中的化学结构描绘了许多变量,其中在式(部分、原子等)的化合物的相应位置中定义的化学基团用于对它们进行相应地消毒,无论它们是否由相同的变量名(例如,R1、R2、R、R'、R"、X等)表示,化合物结构中的化学基团用于合成另一化合物结构的适合性在本领域普通技术人员的能力范围内。针对通式的化合物及其合成前体的其他方法,包括本公开中未明确地示出的那些,都在本领域普通技术人员的化学手段范围内。为了减少竞争性副产物,优化反应条件的方法是本领域已知的。本文所述的方法可另外包括本文所述步骤之前或之后的步骤,以明确掺入或去除合适的保护基团,从而最终能够合成本文所述的化合物。此外,可以可变的顺序或次序进行各个合成步骤以获得期望的化合物。
本文所述的方法考虑将一种式的化合物转化为另一种式的化合物。转化方法是指可原位进行或从中间体化合物中分离的一种或多种化学转化。转化可包括使用本领域已知的技术和方案使起始化合物或中间体与另外的试剂反应,这些另外的试剂包括本文引用的参考文献中所述的那些。中间体可以纯化(例如过滤、蒸馏、升华、结晶、研磨、固相萃取和色谱分离)或不经纯化使用。
本发明的预期取代基和变量的组合是仅导致形成稳定化合物的那些。
本发明还提供了一种组合物,其包含有效量的本文任何通式的化合物,或者,如果适用,所述化合物的药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物或多晶型物;和可接受的载体。优选地,本发明的组合物被配制用于药物用途(药物组合物),其中载体是药学上可接受的载体。鉴于与制剂的其他成分的相容性以及在药学上可接受的载体的情况下,载体必须是“可接受的”并且不会以药物中通常使用的量损害其受体。
“药学上可接受的载体”;或“药学上可接受的赋形剂”包括任何和所有溶剂、分散介质、包衣、抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂、等渗剂和吸收延迟剂等。药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂不会破坏所公开化合物的药理学活性,并且当以足以递送的化合物的量的剂量施用时是无毒的。此类介质和试剂用于药物活性物质的用途是本领域熟知的。除非任何常规介质或试剂与活性成分不相容,否则考虑使用如本文所公开的治疗组合物。药学上可接受的载体的示例和赋形剂包括但不限于糖,诸如乳糖、蔗糖和葡萄糖;淀粉,诸如马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉;纤维素及其衍生物,诸如羧甲基纤维素钠、醋酸纤维素和乙基纤维素;明胶;黄蓍胶粉末;滑石;麦芽;可可脂和栓剂蜡;油,诸如花生油、红花油、棉籽油、橄榄油、芝麻油、玉米油和大豆油;二醇,诸如聚乙二醇和丙二醇;酯,诸如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;琼脂;缓冲剂,诸如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;海藻酸;醛;磷酸盐;磷酸盐缓冲剂;无毒相容的润滑剂,例如月桂基硫酸钠和硬脂酸镁;着色剂;包衣剂;脱模剂;甜味剂、调味剂和芳香剂;(SEDDS),诸如维生素E聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯;用于药物剂型的表面活性剂,例如吐温或其他类似的聚合物递送基质;血清蛋白,例如人血清白蛋白;甘氨酸;山梨酸;山梨酸钾;饱和植物脂肪酸的部分甘油酯混合物;水、盐或电解质,诸如硫酸鱼精蛋白、磷酸氢钾、磷酸氢二钠、氯化钠和锌盐;胶体二氧化硅;三硅酸镁;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;纤维素基材料;聚丙烯酸酯;蜡;和聚乙烯-聚氧丙烯-嵌段聚合物。环糊精,例如α-环糊精、β-环糊精和γ-环糊精,或化学改性的衍生物,例如包括2-羟基丙基环糊精和3-羟基丙基环糊精或其他增溶衍生物的羟基烷基环糊精,以改善化合物的递送。
本发明的药物组合物可以固体或液体形式施用,包括口服施用,例如,冲洗剂(水性或非水性溶液或悬浮液)、片剂(例如,用于口服皮下和全身吸收的那些)、硬胶囊或软胶囊、丸剂、糖浆、粉末、颗粒、施用于舌的糊剂、十二指肠途径;肠胃外施用,包括静脉内、动脉内、皮下、肌内,例如作为乳膏、软膏剂、胶凝剂、水性或油性溶液或悬浮液(例如作为乳膏、软膏剂、胶凝剂或阴道栓剂、乳膏或支架);舌下施用;经由导管或支架局部施用;鞘内或经鼻(例如,作为细粉末)或通过吸入(例如,作为细粉末或液体气雾剂)。
药物组合物中的合适的水性和非水性载体的示例包括水、乙醇、多元醇(例如甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇等)以及它们的合适混合物、植物油诸如橄榄油,以及有机酯诸如油酸乙酯。通过使用包衣材料例如卵磷脂,通过保持分散体的期望粒径,并且通过使用表面活性剂来保持适当的流动性。这些组合物还可含有助剂,诸如防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、分散剂、润滑剂和/或抗氧化剂。本文所述的化合物用于预防微生物的作用可通过包含不同的抗微生物剂和抗真菌剂(例如对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯酚山梨酸等)来确保。还可在组合物中包含等渗剂诸如糖、氯化钠等。此外,通过包含延迟吸收剂诸如单硬脂酸铝和明胶,可实现可注射药物形式的延长吸收。
制备此类制剂或组合物的方法包括本文所述的化合物,以及/或者与化学治疗媒介物和任选的一种或多种辅助成分相关的步骤。通常,该制剂是通过将本文公开的化合物与液体载体或细碎的固体载体或两者均匀结构化而形成的,然后如果需要,对产物进行成型。除非任何常规赋形剂介质与本文提供的化合物不相容,例如通过与药学上可接受的组合物的任何其他组分相互作用以产生任何不期望的生物效应或有害效应,否则赋形剂也旨在落入本公开的范围内。
在一些实施方案中,一种或多种所公开的化合物的浓度可小于约100%、约90%、约80%、约70%、约60%、约50%、约40%、约14%、约13%、约12%、约11%、约10%、约10%、约5%、约4%、约3%、约2%、约1%、约0.5%、约0.4%、约0.3%、约0.2%、约0.09%、约0.08%、约0.07%、约0.06%、约0.05%、约0.04%、约0.03%、约0.02%、约0.01%、约0.009%、约0.008%、约0.007%、约0.006%、约0.005%、约0.004%、约0.003%、约0.002%、约0.001%、约0.0009%、约0.0008%、约0.0007%、约0.0006%、约0.0005%、约0.0004%、0.0003%、约0.0002%或约0.0001%的重量/重量比、重量/体积比或体积/体积比。
在一些实施方案中,本文所公开的一种或多种化合物的浓度可大于约90%、约80%、约70%、约60%、约50%、约40%、约30%、约20%、约18.5%、约18.25%、约17.5%、约17.25%、约17%、约16.5%、约16.25%、约16%、约15.5%、约15.25%、约15%、约14.5%、约14.25%、约14%、约13.5%、约13.25%、约13%、约12.5%、约12.25%、约12%、约11.5%、约11.25%、约11%、约10.75%、约10.5%、约10%、约9.75%、约9.5%、约9.25%、约9%、约8.75%、约8.5%、约8.25%、约8%、约7.75%、约7.5%、约7.25%、约7%、约6.75%、约6.5%、约6.25%、约6%、约5.75%、约5.5%、约5.25%、约5%、约4.75%、约4.5%、约4.25%、约4%、约3.75%、约3.5%、约3%、约2.75%、约2.50%、约2.25%、约2%、约1.75%、约1.50%、约1.25%、约1%、约0.9%、约0.8%、约0.7%、约0.6%、约0.5%、约0.4%、约0.3%、约0.2%、约0.1%、约0.09%、约0.08%、约0.07%、约0.06%、约0.05%、约0.04%、约0.03%、约0.02%、约0.01%、约0.009%、约0.008%、约0.007%、约0.006%、约0.005%、约0.004%、约0.003%、约0.002%、约0.001%、约0.0009%、约0.0008%、约0.0007%、约0.0006%、约0.0005%、约0.0004%、约0.0003%、约0.0002%或约0.0001%的重量/重量比、重量/体积比或体积/体积比。在一些实施方案中,本文所公开的一种或多种化合物的浓度范围可为约0.0001%至约50%、约0.001%至约40%、约0.01%至约30%、约0.02%至约20%、约0.09%至约24%、约0.08%至约23%、约0.07%至约22%、约0.06%至约24%、约0.2%至约20%、约0.1%至约21%、约0.2%至约20%、约0.3%至约19%、约0.4%至约18%、约0.5%至约17%、约0.6%至约16%、约0.7%至约15%、约0.8%至约14%、约0.9%至约12%、约1%至约10%的重量/重量比、重量/体积比或体积/体积比。在一些实施方案中,本文所公开的一种或多种化合物的浓度范围可为约0.001%至约10%、约0.01%至约5%、约0.02%至约4.5%、约0.03%至约4%、约0.04%至约3.5%、约0.05%至约3%、约0.06%至约2.5%、约0.07%至约2%、约0.08%至约1.5%、约0.09%至约1%、约0.1%至约0.9%的重量/重量比、重量/体积比或体积/体积比。
在一些实施方案中,本文所公开的一种或多种化合物的量可等于或小于约10克、约9.5克、约9.0克、约8.5克、约8.0克、约7.5克、约7.0克、约6.5克、约6克、约5.5克、约5克、约4.5克、约4克、约3.5克、约3克、约2.5克、约2.0克、约1.5克、约1.0克、约0.95克、约0.9克、约0.85克、约0.8克、约0.75克、约0.7克、约0.65克、约0.6克、约0.55克、约0.5克、约0.45克、约0.4克、约0.35克、约0.3克、约0.25克、约0.2克、约0.15克、约0.1克、约0.09克、约0.08克、约0.07克、约0.06克、约0.05克、约0.04克、约0.03克、约0.02克、约0.01克、约0.009克、约0.008克、约0.007克、约0.006克、约0.005克、约0.004克、约0.003克、约0.002克、约0.001克、约0.0009克、约0.0008克、约0.0007克、约0.0006克、约0.0005克、约0.0004克、约0.0003克、约0.0002克或约0.0001克。在一些实施方案中,本文所公开的一种或多种化合物的量可超过约0.0001克、约0.0002克、约0.0003克、约0.0004克、约0.0005克、约0.0006克、约0.0007克、约0.0008克、约0.0009克、约0.001克、0.0015克、约0.002克、约0.0025克、约0.003克、约0.0035克、约0.004克、约0.0045克、约0.005克、约0.0055克、约0.006克、约0.0065克、约0.007克、约0.0075克、约0.008克、约0.0085克、约0.009克、约0.0095克、约0.01克、约0.015克、约0.02克、约0.025克、约0.03克、约0.035克、约0.04克、约0.045克、约0.05克、约0.055克、约0.06克、约0.065克、约0.07克、约0.075克、约0.08克、约0.085克、约0.09克、约0.095克、约0.1克、约0.15克、约0.2克、约0.25克、约0.3克、约0.35克、约0.4克、约0.45克、约0.5克、约0.55克、约0.6克、约0.65克、约0.7克、约0.75克、约0.8克、约0.85克、约0.9克、约0.95克、约1克、约1.5克、约2克、约2.5克、约3克、约3.5克、约4克、约4.5克、约5克、约5.5克、约6克、约6.5克、约7克、约7.5克、约8克、约8.5克、约9克、约9.5克或约10克。
在一些实施方案中,本文所公开的一种或多种化合物的量范围可为约0.0001克至约10克、约0.0005克至约9克、约0.001克至约0.5克、约0.001克至约8克、约0.005克至约7克、约0.01克至约6克、约0.05克至约5克、约0.1克至约4克、约0.5克至约4克,或约1克至约3克。
在某些优选实施方案中,用于口服施用的药物组合物包含适于口服施用的如本文所公开的化合物和药物赋形剂。在一些实施方案中,本文提供了用于口服施用的药物组合物:(1)任选的有效量的所公开的化合物;(2)有效量的一种或多种第二试剂;和(3)用于口服施用的一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。在一些实施方案中,该药物组合物还包含:(4)有效量的第三试剂。
在一些实施方案中,该药物组合物可以是适于口服施用的液体药物组合物。适于口服施用的药物组合物可用作离散剂型,诸如胶囊、扁囊剂或片剂,或含有粉末或颗粒的预定量的活性成分的液体、溶液、气雾剂喷雾或悬浮液,水或非水性液体,水中的液体乳液,或液体乳液中的水。此类剂型可通过任何药物方法制备,但所有方法包括通过将活性成分与液体载体、脂质体或细碎的固体载体或两者均匀且紧密地缔合来制备组合物的步骤。通常,药物组合物是通过将活性成分与液体载体或细碎的固体载体或两者均匀且紧密地混合而形成的,并且如果需要,将产物成形为期望的形式。例如,片剂可以是可被压制或模制的一个或多个部件。片剂可通过将自由流动形式(诸如为粉末或颗粒的活性成分)任选地与赋形剂(诸如但不限于粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂和/或表面活性剂或分散剂混合物)混合、在适当的机器中压制而形成。模制片剂可通过在合适的机器中对用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉末化合物的混合物进行模制来制备。片剂可任选地是未包衣的、包衣的或有缺口的,并且可被配制以提供其中活性成分的缓慢或受控释放,从而提供在较长时间段内的持续作用,例如单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯。用于口服使用的制剂还可以是硬明胶胶囊,其中活性成分可与惰性固体稀释剂(例如碳酸钙、磷酸钙或高岭土)混合,或者作为软明胶胶囊,其中活性成分可与水或油介质混合,例如与花生油、液体石蜡或橄榄油混合。
活性成分可通过常规药物混合技术与药学上可接受的载体紧密组合。载体可采取多种形式,这取决于期望的制剂施用形式。在用于口服剂型的药物组合物的制备中,任何常用的药物介质都可用作载体,例如水、二醇、油、乙醇、调味剂、防腐剂、着色剂和口服液体制剂(例如液体、溶液和酏剂)或气雾剂,或者载体诸如淀粉、糖、微晶纤维素、稀释剂、颗粒、润滑剂、粘合剂和崩解剂可用于口服固体制剂。乳糖在一些实施方案中未使用。在一些实施方案中,化合物可与乳糖、蔗糖、淀粉粉末、链烷酸的纤维素酯、纤维素烷基酯、滑石、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、氧化镁、磷酸钙、磷酸钠、硫酸钙、硫酸钠、明胶、阿拉伯胶、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和/或聚乙烯醇混合,以用于进一步配制。例如,在制备固体口服制剂时,合适的载体还包括粉末、胶囊剂和片剂。在一些实施方案中,片剂可通过标准的水性或非水性技术进行包衣。
适于用于药物组合物和剂型的物质,包括但不限于玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或其他淀粉、明胶、天然粘合剂和合成树胶(诸如阿拉伯树胶)、海藻酸钠、海藻酸、其他海藻酸盐、粉末状黄蓍胶、瓜尔胶、纤维素及其衍生物(例如乙基纤维素、乙酸纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钙、羧甲基纤维素钠)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素、预胶化淀粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素,以及它们的混合物。
用于药物组合物和剂型的合适填充剂的示例包括但不限于滑石、碳酸钙(例如,颗粒或粉末)、微晶纤维素、粉状纤维素、葡萄糖粘合剂、高岭土、甘露醇、硅酸、山梨醇、淀粉、预胶化淀粉以及它们的混合物。
崩解剂可用于如本文提供的药物组合物中以提供当暴露于水环境时崩解的片剂。太多的崩解剂可能导致片剂在瓶中崩解。太少可能不足以崩解,因此可能会改变剂型的活性成分的释放速率和程度。因此,崩解剂应该是足够的,既不太少也不太多,以免不利地释放活性成分。崩解剂的量将取决于制剂和施用方式,并且可由本领域普通技术人员容易地实施。在药物组合物中可使用约0.5重量%至约15重量%的崩解剂,或约1重量%至约5重量%的崩解剂。为了形成药物组合物的崩解剂和剂型,该崩解剂包括但不限于琼脂、海藻酸、碳酸钙、微晶纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素、交联聚维酮、乙酸钠、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、其他淀粉、预制淀粉、粘土、其他藻类、其他纤维素、树胶或它们的混合物。
润滑剂可用于形成药物组合物,包括但不限于硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、矿物油、轻质矿物油、甘油、山梨醇、甘露醇、聚乙二醇、其他二醇、硬脂酸、月桂基硫酸钠、滑石、氢化植物油(例如,花生油、棉籽油、葵花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和大豆油)、硬脂酸锌、油酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、琼脂或它们的混合物。润滑剂还包括例如硅胶、凝聚型气雾剂或它们的混合物。润滑剂可任选地以小于药物组合物的约1重量%的量加入。
当含水混悬剂和/或酏剂用于口服施用时,活性成分可与各种甜味剂或调味剂、着色剂或染料(例如,乳化剂和/或助悬剂)、稀释剂(例如,水、乙醇、丙二醇、甘油以及它们的组合)组合。
可用于形成药物组合物和剂型的表面活性剂包括但不限于亲水性表面活性剂、亲脂性表面活性剂以及它们的混合物。合适的亲水性表面活性剂通常可具有至少约10的HLB值,合适的亲脂性表面活性剂通常可具有小于约10的HLB值。用于表征相对亲水性和疏水性的经验参数是亲水亲脂平衡值HLB(“HLB”值)。HLB值越低的表面活性剂越亲脂或越疏水,在油中的溶解度越大,而HLB值越高的活性剂越亲水,在水溶液中的溶解度越大。亲水性表面活性剂通常被认为是HLB值大于约10的那些,然而,阴离子、阳离子或两性离子化合物,HLB标度通常不适用。类似地,亲脂性(即疏水性)表面活性剂是HLB值等于或小于约10的那些表面活性剂。然而,表面活性剂的HLB值仅是工业、药物和化妆品乳液中一般使用的粗略指南。
亲水性表面活性剂可以是离子的或非离子的。合适的离子表面活性剂包括但不限于烷基铵盐;夫西地酸盐;氨基酸、寡肽和多肽的脂肪酸衍生物;氨基酸、寡肽和多肽甘油酯的衍生物;卵磷脂和磷脂及其衍生物;肉碱脂肪酸酯盐;烷基硫酸盐;脂肪酸盐;十二烷基钠;酰基乳酸盐;酒石酸酯的单乙酰化和二乙酰化的甘油单酯和甘油二酯;琥珀酰化的甘油单酯和甘油二酯;甘油单酯和甘油二酯的柠檬酸酯;以及它们的混合物。离子表面活性剂包括但不限于,例如,卵磷脂、溶血卵磷脂、磷脂、溶血磷脂及其衍生物;肉碱脂肪酸酯盐;烷基硫酸盐;脂肪酸盐;酰基乳酸酯;甘油单酯和甘油二酯的二酰化酒石酸酯;琥珀酰化的甘油单酯和甘油二酯;甘油单酯和甘油二酯的柠檬酸酯;以及它们的混合物。亲水性非离子表面活性剂包括但不限于烷基糖苷;烷基麦芽糖;烷基硫苷;月桂酰聚乙二醇甘油酯;聚氧化烯烷基醚,诸如聚乙二醇聚氧化烯烷基酚,例如聚乙二醇烷基酚;聚氧化烯烷基酚脂肪酸酯,诸如聚乙二醇脂肪酸单酯和聚乙二醇脂肪酸二酯;二醇甘油脂肪酸酯;聚甘油脂肪酸酯;聚氧化烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,例如聚乙二醇山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯;和甘油酯、植物油、氢化植物油、脂肪酸和甾醇、聚氧乙烯甾醇、其衍生物等;聚氧乙烯化维生素及其衍生物;聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物;以及它们的混合物;聚乙二醇脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯与至少一种甘油三酯、植物油和氢化植物油的多元醇的亲水性酯交换产物。多元醇可以是甘油、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、山梨醇、丙二醇、季戊四醇或碳水化合物。其他亲水性非离子表面活性剂包括但不限于PEG-10月桂酸、PEG-12月桂酸、PEG-20月桂酸、PEG-32月桂酸、PEG-32二月桂酸酯、PEG-12油酸酯、PEG-15油酸酯。PEG-20油酸酯、PEG-20二油酸酯、PEG-32油酸酯、PEG-200油酸酯、PEG-40油酸酯、PEG-15硬脂酸酯、PEG-32二硬脂酸内酯、PEG-40硬脂酸酯、PEG-100硬脂酸酯、PEG-20二月桂酸酯、PEG-25甘油三油酸酯、PEG-32二油酸酯、PEG-20甘油月桂内酯、PEG-30甘油月桂酸酯、PEG-20甘油酸酯、PEG-20甘油油酸酯、PEG-30甘油、PEG-30glyce、PEG-40蓖麻油、PEG-40蓖麻油、PEG-40蓖麻油、PEG-40蓖麻油、PEG-40蓖麻油、PEG-40蓖麻油、PEG-40蓖麻油、PEG-40蓖麻油、PEG-40蓖麻油、PEG氢化蓖麻油、PEG-60玉米油、PEG-6甘油基/癸酸甘油酯、PEG-8癸酸/辛酸甘油酯、聚甘油1-10月桂酸酯、PEG-30胆固醇、PEG-25植物甾醇、PEG-30大豆甾醇、PEG-20三油酸酯、PEG-40山梨醇油酸酯、PEG-80脱水山梨醇月桂酸酯、聚山梨醇酯20、聚山梨醇酯80、POE-9十二烷基醚、POE-23月桂基醚、POE-10油基醚、POE-20油基醚、POE-20硬脂精、PEG-100生育酚琥珀酸酯、PEG-24胆固醇、吐温40、吐温60、蔗糖单硬脂酸酯、蔗糖单月桂酸酯、蔗糖单棕榈酸酯、PEG 10-100壬基酚系列、PEG 15-100辛基酚系列和泊洛沙姆。合适的亲脂性表面活性剂包括但不限于,例如,脂肪醇;甘油脂肪酸酯;乙酰化甘油脂肪酸酯;低级醇脂肪酸酯;丙二醇脂肪酸酯;山梨醇脂肪酸酯;二醇脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯;甾醇和甾醇衍生物;聚氧乙烯化甾醇和甾醇衍生物;聚乙二醇烷基醚;糖酯;糖醚;甘油单酯和甘油二酯的乳酸衍生物。
药物组合物可包括增溶剂,以确保化合物的良好增溶和/或溶解,并使化合物的沉淀最小化。这对于非口服使用可能特别有用,例如用于注射用药物组合物的药物组合物。也可加入增溶剂以增加亲水性药物和/或其他组分诸如表面活性剂的溶解度,或保持药物组合物为稳定或均匀的溶液或分散体。合适的增溶剂的示例包括但不限于,例如,醇和多元醇,诸如乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、苯甲醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇及其异构体、甘油、季戊四醇山梨醇、甘露醇、二甲基异山梨醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙烯醇和其他纤维素衍生物、环糊精和环糊精衍生物;分子量为约200至约6000的聚乙二醇的醚,诸如四氢糠醇PEG醚(四氢呋喃聚乙二醇醚)或甲氧基PEG;酰胺和其他含氮化合物,诸如2-吡咯烷酮、2-哌啶酮、ε-己内酰胺、N-烷基吡咯烷酮、N-羟基烷基吡咯烷酮、N-烷基哌啶、N-烷基己内酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;酯,诸如丙酸乙酯、酯、乙酰基柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、油酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、三乙酸甘油酯、丙二醇单乙酸酯、丙二醇二乙酸酯、ε-己内酯及其异构体、δ-缬氨酸酯及其异构体、丁内酯及其异构体;和其他已知的增溶剂,诸如二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基异山梨醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二乙二醇单乙醚和水。也可使用增溶剂的混合物。
给定增溶剂的量可限制在生物学上可接受的量,其可容易地由本领域技术人员确定。基于药物和其他赋形剂的总重量计,增溶剂的重量比可为约10重量%、约25重量%、约50重量%、约100重量%或至多约200重量%。如果需要,也可使用少量增溶剂,诸如约5%、2%、1%或更少。通常,增溶剂可以约1重量%至约100重量%,通常约5重量%至约25重量%存在。
所述药物组合物还可包括一种或多种药学上可接受的添加剂和赋形剂、调味剂、着色剂、助悬剂、粘合剂、填充剂、增塑剂、润滑剂以及它们的混合物。防腐剂可包括但不限于,例如,抗氧化剂、螯合剂、抗微生物防腐剂、抗真菌防腐剂、醇防腐剂、酸防腐剂和其他防腐剂。抗氧化剂包括但不限于α-生育酚、抗坏血酸、丁基羟基茴香醚、丁基羟基甲苯、单硫代甘油、焦亚硫酸钾、丙酸、没食子酸丙酯、抗坏血酸钠、硫酸氢钠和亚硫酸钠。螯合剂包括但不限于,例如,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、柠檬酸盐一水合物、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钾、乙二胺四乙酸、富马酸、苹果酸、磷酸、乙二胺四乙酸钠、酒石酸和三乙二胺柠檬酸四乙酯。抗微生物防腐剂包括但不限于,例如,苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、苯甲醇、溴硝丙二醇、西曲溴铵、氯化十六烷基吡啶、氯甲酚、甲酚、乙醇、甘油、庚啶、咪唑烷、苯酚、苯氧乙醇、苯乙醇、硝酸苯汞和丙二醇。抗真菌剂包括但不限于,例如,对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、苯甲酸、羟基苯甲酸、苯甲酸钾、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠、丙酸钠和山梨酸。防腐剂包括但不限于,例如,乙醇、聚乙二醇、苯酚、酚化合物、双酚、氯丁醇、羟基苯甲酸酯和苯乙醇。酸性防腐剂包括但不限于,例如维生素A、维生素C、维生素E、β-胡萝卜素、柠檬酸、乙酸、脱氢乙酸、抗坏血酸、山梨酸和植酸。其他防腐剂包括但不限于,例如生育酚乙酸酯、西曲溴铵、丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、乙二胺、月桂基硫酸钠(SLS)、月桂基醚硫酸钠(SLES)、硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钾、焦亚硫酸钾、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯。在某些实施方案中,防腐剂可以是抗氧化剂。在其他实施方案中,防腐剂可以是螯合剂。
在一些实施方案中,本文提供了用于肠胃外施用的药物组合物:(1)有效量的所公开的化合物;任选地(2)有效量的一种或多种第二试剂;(3)一种或多种适于肠胃外施用的药物赋形剂和(4)有效量的第三试剂。
其中该药物组合物可以水性或油性混悬剂或乳剂、芝麻油、玉米油、棉籽油或花生油,以及酏剂、甘露醇、葡萄糖或无菌水溶液、类似药物载体的形式施用。盐水溶液也常用于注射。也可使用乙醇、甘油、丙二醇、液体聚乙二醇、苯甲醇等(以及它们的合适的混合物)、环糊精衍生物、氯化钠、黄蓍胶、缓冲剂和植物油。通过使用包衣,例如卵磷脂,或在分散体的情况下,通过使用表面活性剂保持所需的颗粒大小,可保持适当的流动性。微生物作用的预防可通过各种抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂来实现,例如对羟基苯甲酸酯类、氯丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸、硫柳汞等。药物组合物也可通过合适的载体注射,包括盐水、葡萄糖或水,或用环糊精、共溶剂(例如,丙二醇)或胶束(例如,吐温80)溶解。
无菌可注射溶液可通过过滤和用所需量的本文公开的化合物与用于上述各种其他成分的合适溶剂灭菌来制备。通常,通过将各种灭菌的活性成分掺入到含有基础分散介质和以上列出的合适的其他组分的无菌载体中来制备分散体。用无菌粉末制备无菌可注射溶液,并且一些制备方法通过真空干燥和冷冻干燥技术进行,以产生活性成分和上述任何其他无菌过滤成分。该无菌可注射制剂还可以是在无毒的肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的溶液剂(例如,1,3-丁二醇的溶液剂),或无菌可注射溶液。可使用的可接受的载体和溶剂包括但不限于,例如水、林格氏溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。此外,无菌的非挥发性油通常用作溶剂或混悬介质,包括但不限于例如合成的甘油单酯或甘油二酯。此外,脂肪酸例如油酸也可用于制备注射剂。可注射制剂可通过例如细菌截留过滤器或通过加入掺入无菌固体组合物中的灭菌剂来灭菌,该无菌固体组合物可溶解或分散在无菌水或其他无菌可注射介质中。可注射组合物可以本文公开的化合物的约0.1重量%至约5重量%存在。
在一些实施方案中,本文提供了含有化合物(或透皮)的药物制剂,该药物制剂含有一种或多种药物赋形剂,例如本文公开的适于局部施用的那些。在一些实施方案中,提供了用于局部施用的含药物组合物:(1)有效量的所公开的化合物;任选地(2)有效量的一种或多种第二药剂;(3)一种或多种适于局部施用的药物赋形剂和(4)有效量的第三药剂。
本文提供的药物组合物可被配制成适于局部或局部施用的固体、半固体或液体形式,诸如胶凝剂、水溶性凝胶、搽剂、乳膏、洗剂、混悬剂、泡沫剂、粉剂、软膏、软膏、溶液、油、糊剂、栓剂、喷雾剂、乳剂、盐水溶液、基于二甲亚砜(DMSO)的溶液。通常,具有较高密度的载体可提供长期暴露于活性成分的区域。相比之下,溶液制剂可提供与活性成分选择的区域的更直接的接触。例如,软膏制剂可具有石蜡或水混溶性。或者,活性成分可与水包油的乳膏基质配制为乳膏。乳膏基质的水相可包含例如至少约30重量%的多元醇,诸如丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、甘露醇、山梨醇、甘油、聚乙二醇以及它们的混合物。上述药物组合物还可含有合适的固相或凝胶相载体或赋形剂,它们可增加渗透或有助于化合物通过角质层的皮肤屏障层的递送。示例诸如尿素(例如尿素)、(例如薄荷醇)、胺、酰胺、烷烃、烷醇、水等,诸如肉豆蔻酸异丙酯和硫酸钠、吡咯烷酮、单月桂酸甘油酯、亚砜、碳酸钙、磷酸钙、各种糖、淀粉、纤维素衍生物、明胶和聚合物诸如聚乙二醇。
在所公开的方法中使用的另一种示例性制剂使用透皮施用(“贴剂”)。这种透皮贴剂可用于以连续或不连续的方式提供受控或不连续的药物组合物。如果活性剂被皮肤吸收,则可将受控的和预定的活性剂流施用于受试者。在微胶囊的情况下,密封剂也可用作膜。透皮贴剂的使用在本领域是众所周知的。参见例如美国专利号5,023,252、4,992,445和5,001,139。
本发明的药物组合物可以用于直肠施用的栓剂形式施用。这些组合物可通过将本发明的化合物与合适的无刺激性赋形剂混合来制备,该赋形剂在室温下为固体,但在直肠温度下为液体,并且将在直肠中熔化以释放活性成分。这些材料包括但不限于例如聚乙二醇、蜂蜡和可可脂。
本发明的药物组合物可通过鼻气雾剂或吸入剂施用。这种组合物根据药物制备领域已知的技术制备,可制备为盐水溶液,并且可与苯甲醇或其他合适的防腐剂一起使用,以增加吸收促进剂、碳氟化合物和本领域已知的其他增溶剂或分散剂的生物利用度。
主题治疗剂的应用可定位为在目标部位处施用。可使用各种技术在目标部位提供宿主组合物,例如注射、使用导管、凝胶、支架、套管针、推进剂、药物释放聚合物或用于提供内部通路的其他装置。
根据另一个实施方案,本发明提供了一种可植入医疗装置,该可植入医疗装置包含本发明化合物或包含本发明化合物的组合物,使得该化合物具有治疗活性。
根据另一个实施方案,本发明提供了一种注射可植入药物递送装置的方法,该方法包括使所述药物递送装置与本发明的化合物或组合物接触的步骤。可植入药物递送装置包括但不限于可生物降解的聚合物胶囊或丸剂、不可降解的可分散聚合物胶囊和可生物降解的聚合物薄片。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物还包含第二治疗剂。第二治疗剂包括任何化合物或治疗剂,当单独施用或与本文通式的任何化合物组合施用时,其已知具有或具有有利的性质。可与这些化合物有效组合的药物包括用于治疗上述疾病和障碍的其他激酶抑制剂和/或其他化学治疗剂。此类试剂在本领域中有详细描述。优选地,第二治疗剂是可用于通过DNA双链断裂机制治疗或预防选自癌症的疾病或病症的药剂。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供相互结合的本发明化合物和第二治疗剂的独立剂型。如本文所用,术语“相互结合”是指单独的剂型包装在一起或以其他方式相互连接,使得单独的剂型预期一起出售或施用(少于24小时内,连续或同时)。
在本发明的药物组合物中,本发明的化合物以有效量存在。如本文所用,术语“有效量”是指当以合适的给药方案施用时,足以减轻或改善待治疗的障碍,以预防障碍的进展、治疗障碍的中断、或增强或改善另一种疗法的预防或治疗效果的障碍的严重程度、持续时间或发展。
本发明化合物的有效量可在约0.001mg/kg至1mg/kg至约500mg/kg,约0.01mg/kg至约50mg/kg,约0.1mg/kg至约2.5mg/kg的范围内。如本领域技术人员所理解的,有效剂量也可变化,这取决于所治疗的疾病、疾病的严重程度、施用途径、患者的年龄、性别和一般健康状况、赋形剂的使用和常用的其他治疗方法(例如,其他药剂的使用)以及治疗医师的判断。
对于包含第二治疗剂的药物组合物,第二治疗剂的有效量是在仅使用该药剂的单一治疗方案中通常使用的剂量的约20%至100%。优选地,有效量是正常单一治疗剂量的约70%至100%。
预期本文提及的一些第二治疗剂将与本发明的化合物协同作用。当存在时,它将允许第二治疗剂和/或本发明化合物的有效剂量小于单一疗法所需的剂量。这具有以下优点,本发明的第二治疗剂或化合物的副作用被最小化,提高了功效,改善了施用或使用的容易性,并且/或者降低了化合物制剂或配制物的总成本。
治疗如下:
根据另一个实施方案,本发明提供了治疗患有或易患疾病或障碍或其症状(例如,本文所述的那些)的受试者的方法,该方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的本发明化合物或组合物在一个步骤中施用。这些疾病是本领域公知的,并且也在本文中公开。
该治疗包括由蛋白激酶诸如ATM介导的障碍的治疗。
在另一方面,本发明提供了治疗受试者的疾病的方法,该方法包括向受试者施用包含本文通式的任何化合物的组合物。
在某些实施方案中,该疾病由ATM激酶介导。
在另一个实施方案中,该疾病是癌症或增殖性疾病。
在另一个实施方案中,作为针对活化ATM的抑制剂,式(I)的化合物和药学上可接受的盐预期存在于ATM的活性中或被部分介导,例如治疗癌症或医学病症。这可使用用式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐治疗的癌症类型,包括但不限于卵巢癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、胸腺瘤、黑素瘤、前列腺癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、胃癌、肺癌、肝癌、骨癌、胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)、甲状腺癌、胆管癌、子宫内膜癌、肾细胞癌、间变性大细胞淋巴瘤、急性髓性白血病(AML)、多发性骨髓瘤、黑素瘤、间皮瘤、脑癌、腺癌、DIPG、皮肤癌或头颈部鳞状细胞癌。
在另一个实施方案中,该疾病是对用放射治疗有抗性的癌症。
在另一个实施方案中,该疾病是对用引起DNA双链断裂的药剂治疗有抗性的癌症。
在另一个实施方案中,该疾病是具有中枢神经系统转移瘤的癌症。
在另一个实施方案中,该疾病是神经胶质瘤。
在另一个实施方案中,该疾病是成胶质细胞瘤。
在另一个实施方案中,该疾病是弥漫性内源性脑桥胶质瘤。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的方法用于治疗患有或易患疾病或病症的受试者。这些疾病、障碍或其症状包括例如由蛋白激酶(例如,ATM蛋白激酶)调节的那些疾病、障碍或其症状。该疾病或疾病症状可以是例如癌症或增殖性疾病或障碍。该疾病或疾病症状可以是卵巢癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、弥漫性内源性脑桥胶质瘤、黑素瘤、前列腺癌、白血病、淋巴瘤(GIST)、甲状腺癌、胆管癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、间变性大细胞淋巴瘤、急性髓性白血病(GIST)、胃癌、肺癌、肝癌、AML、多发性骨髓瘤、黑素瘤、间皮瘤、脑癌、膜性腺癌、皮肤癌或头颈部鳞状细胞癌。本文所述的方法包括其中受试者被鉴定为需要具体描述的治疗的那些受试者。受试者的鉴定要求治疗在受试者或健康护理专家的判断范围内,并且可以是主观的(例如,意见)或客观的(例如,可通过测试或诊断方法测量)。
在另一个实施方案中,本文通式的化合物(及其组合物)可用于治疗已用其他治疗剂(例如,抗癌剂、神经营养剂、精神药物、心血管疾病药物、抗肥胖药或糖尿病药)治疗并形成耐药的受试者的疾病或障碍。在一方面,本文的方法包括向其中治疗是抗性的(或被鉴定为对引起DNA双链断裂的放射疗法或化学疗法治疗具有抗性)的受试者施用那些方法的式的化合物(或其组合物)。在其他方面,受试者因此对治疗有反应,使得在用本发明的式的化合物治疗之前调节或改善障碍。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了调节细胞中蛋白激酶(例如,蛋白激酶,如本文所列举的激酶)活性的方法,该方法包括使细胞与一种或多种本文通式的化合物接触。
上述抗癌治疗可作为单一疗法或与常规化合物或放射疗法或化学疗法或免疫疗法以及本发明的化合物一起施用。此类化学疗法可与本发明的化合物同时、依次或分开共同施用,并且可包括但不限于一种或多种下列类别的抗肿瘤剂:例如,抗增殖剂/抗肿瘤剂、烷化剂(例如顺铂、奥沙利铂、卡铂、环磷酰胺、氮芥、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥、白消安、替莫唑胺和亚硝基脲)、抗代谢物(例如,吉西他滨和抗真菌酸诸如5-氟尿嘧啶和替加氟、雷替曲塞、甲氨蝶呤、阿糖胞苷和羟基脲);抗肿瘤抗生素(例如,蒽环类药物,诸如多柔比星、博来霉素、阿霉素、柔红霉素、表柔比星、伊达比星、丝裂霉素C、庆大霉素和gliramycin);抗有丝分裂剂(例如,长春花生物碱诸如长春新碱,生物碱诸如紫杉醇和他克莫司以及马球激酶抑制剂);和拓扑异构酶抑制剂(例如,表鬼臼毒素依托泊苷和联吡啶)糖苷、吖啶、拓扑替康和喜树碱);细胞生长抑制剂诸如抗激素(例如他莫昔芬、氟维司群、托瑞米芬、雷洛昔芬、屈洛昔芬和zifoxifene)、抗雄激素物质(例如,戊胺、氟他胺、醋酸尼鲁米特和环丙酮)、LHRH拮抗剂或LHRH激动剂(例如,戈舍瑞林、亮丙瑞林和bucorin)、孕酮(例如,醋酸甲地孕酮)、芳香酶抑制剂(例如,阿那曲唑、来曲唑、buoxazole和依西美坦)和5α还原酶抑制剂诸如非那雄胺;抗侵袭剂(例如,c-Src激酶家族抑制剂诸如塞瑞替尼、达沙替尼和博舒替尼和bosutiphene),以及金属蛋白酶抑制剂诸如马蛋白酶抑制剂、尿激酶纤溶酶原激活物受体抑制剂或抗体肝素酶抑制剂。生长因子功能抑制剂:例如,此类抑制剂包括生长因子抗体和生长因子受体抗体(例如,抗erbB2抗体曲妥珠单抗[HerceptinTM]、抗EGFR抗体帕尼单抗、抗ErbB抗体西妥昔单抗(erbatide,C225)和Stem等人,“Critical reviews in oncology/haematology disclosed a growth factor receptor or a growth factor receptorantibody”,2005年,第54卷,第11-29页。此类抑制剂还包括酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,诸如表皮生长因子家族抑制剂(例如,EGFR家族抑制剂,诸如吉非替尼、厄洛替尼、埃克替尼、阿法替尼、达克替尼和泰瑞沙,erbB2酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,诸如拉帕替尼、来那替尼);肝细胞生长因子家族抑制剂;血小板衍生生长因子家族,诸如伊马替尼和/或尼罗替尼;丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶抑制剂(例如,RAS/RAF信号传递抑制剂,诸如feniyltransferase抑制剂,诸如索拉非尼、替吡法尼和洛那法尼,MEK和/或AKT激酶细胞信号传递抑制剂,c-kit抑制剂,abl融合激酶抑制剂,PI3激酶抑制剂,PLT3激酶抑制剂,CSF-1R激酶抑制剂,IGF受体(胰岛素样生长因子)激酶抑制剂;极光激酶抑制剂和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂,诸如CDK2和/或CDK4抑制剂;抗血管生成剂,诸如抑制血管内皮生长因子作用的那些;抗体贝伐单抗(AvastinTM)和例如VEGF受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,诸如凡德他尼、瓦他拉尼、舒尼替尼、阿昔替尼、卡博替尼、帕唑帕尼和西地尼布;通过其他机制起作用的化合物(例如,三羧基氨基喹啉、整联蛋白αV3功能抑制剂和血管生成抑制剂);反义(核酸)疗法,包括例如异常基因诸如异常p53或异常BRCA1或BRCA2的替换,如上所述,诸如ISIS2503、抗ras基因反义(核酸)(例如,奥拉帕尼、尼拉帕尼、卢卡帕尼、他佐帕利);GDEPT(基因导向的前药疗法)方法,诸如使用胞嘧啶脱氨酶、胸苷激酶或细菌硝基还原酶的酶,以及那些增加患者对化学疗法或放射疗法的抗性的方法诸如多药抗性基因治疗免疫疗法,包括例如,增加患者肿瘤细胞的免疫原性,例如,使用细胞因子诸如白细胞介素2、4或粒细胞-巨噬细胞刺激因子转染T细胞的免疫原性以降低该方法的无反应性,使用转染的免疫细胞诸如细胞因子转染的树突细胞、细胞因子转染抗独特型抗体以降低免疫抑制细胞诸如调节性T细胞、髓质抑制细胞或IDO、TDO的功能,以及使用衍生自肿瘤相关抗原诸如NY-ES0-1、MAGE-3、WTI或HER2/neu衍生的蛋白质或肽的抗体或通常用作癌症治疗方案中的基础剂或佐剂的任何其他药剂(例如,止吐药、抗贫血药等)。
如本文所用,术语“共同施用”是指第二治疗剂可与本发明化合物组合部分地作为单一剂型(例如,包含本发明化合物和如上所述的第二治疗剂的组合物)或作为独立的多剂型施用。或者,可在施用本发明化合物之前、或与之结合、或在施用本发明化合物之后施用其他试剂。在此类联合疗法中,本发明的化合物和第二治疗剂通过常规方法施用。向受试者施用包含本发明化合物和第二治疗剂的本发明组合物不排除在独立于受试者施用的治疗过程期间的其他时间施用相同的治疗剂、任何其他第二治疗剂或任何本发明化合物。其中第二组分的连续或单独施用或延迟施用不应丧失由使用该组合所产生的效果优势。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,当向受试者施用第二治疗剂时,本发明化合物的有效量低于当不施用第二治疗剂时第二治疗剂的有效量。在另一个实施方案中,第二治疗剂的有效量小于未施用本发明化合物时第二治疗剂的有效量。这样,可使与任何高剂量的药剂相关联的不期望的副作用最小化。对于本领域技术人员来说,潜在的优点是显而易见的(包括但不限于,例如,改进给药方案和/或降低药物成本)。
在另一方面,本发明提供了本文通式的任何化合物单独或与本文所述的一种或多种第二治疗剂组合在制备作为单一组合物或作为单独剂型的药物、用于治疗或预防受试者中本文所列疾病、障碍或症状的药物中的用途。本发明的另一方面是本文通式的化合物用于治疗或预防受试者的本文所述疾病、障碍或症状的用途。
在其他方面,本文的方法还包括监测受试者对治疗性施用的反应的那些方法。这种监测可包括对受试者组织、体液、脑脊液、样品、细胞、蛋白质、化学标记物、遗传物质等的定期取样,作为治疗方案的标记物或指标。在其他方法中,通过评估相关标记物或指标对这种治疗的适应性,受试者被预先筛选或鉴定为需要这种治疗。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种监测治疗进展的方法。该方法包括在患有或易患本文所述障碍或症状(例如,本文所述的由本文化合物调节的任何靶标或细胞类型)或诊断(例如,筛选、测定)的受试者中确定诊断标记物(标记物),其中该受试者已被施用足以治疗该疾病或其症状的治疗量的本发明化合物。可将该方法中测定的标记物水平与健康正常对照或其他患病患者中的公知水平进行比较,以确定受试者的疾病状况。在优选的实施方案中,在晚于第一测量水平的时间点测量受试者中标记物的第二水平,并比较这两个水平以监测疾病的进展或治疗的功效。在某些优选的实施方案中,在根据本发明的治疗开始之前测量受试者治疗前的标记物水平;标记物的治疗前水平可与受试者中的标记物在治疗开始后的水平相同,以确定治疗的有效性。
在某些方法实施方案中,至少测定一次受试者中标记物或标记物活性的水平。将该标记物水平与另一个测量值进行比较,例如,来自同一患者、另一患者或另一受试者的由该受试者先前或随后获得的测量值,以确定根据本发明的疗法是否具有期望的效果,并因此允许视情况调整剂量水平。标记物水平的测定可使用本领域已知或本文所述的任何合适的取样/表达测定方法进行。优选地,首先从受试者中取出组织或液体样品。合适样品的示例包括血液、尿液、脑脊液、组织、口腔或口腔细胞以及含有根的毛发样品。其他合适的样品是本领域技术人员所熟知的。样品中蛋白质水平、ctDNA、cfDNA和/或mRNA水平(例如,标记物水平)的测定可利用本领域已知的任何合适的技术,包括但不限于酶免疫测定、ELISA、放射性标记技术、蛋白质印迹/化学发光、实时PCR、电化学信号等。
本发明还提供了用于治疗本文所述的疾病、障碍或症状的试剂盒。此类试剂盒包括:1)容器中的药物组合物,该药物组合物包含本文通式的任何化合物或其盐;或其盐;或其水合物、溶剂化物或多晶型物的药物组合物;和2)描述了该药物组合物用于治疗包括本文所述的疾病、障碍或症状的方法的用途的说明书。容器可以是能够容纳药物组合物的任何容器或其他密封或可密封装置。示例包括瓶、单独的或多室贮存瓶,其中每个分区或隔室包含单剂量的组合物;分离的箔包装,其中每个分区包含单剂量的组合物,其分配单剂量的所述组合物。容器可以是本领域已知的任何常规形状或形式,并且由药学上可接受的材料制成,诸如纸或纸板盒、玻璃或塑料瓶或罐、可再密封的袋(例如,片剂的“再装填件”用于放置在不同的容器中),或使用单剂量泡罩包装以将包装从治疗方案中挤出。所用的容器可取决于所涉及的确切剂型,例如,常规的纸板盒通常不用于装液体悬浮液。可以在单个包装中一起使用一个以上的容器来销售单个剂型。例如,片剂可装在瓶中,然后将其容纳在盒子中。优选地,容器是泡罩包装。
试剂盒可另外包括来自医师、药剂师或受试者的信息和/或说明书。这些记忆辅助工具包括印在含有药剂的每个隔室或分区上的数字,这些数字对应于程序或胶囊应当被摄入的天数,或者印在每个隔室或分区上的周天数,或者包含相同类型信息的卡片。
本文所述的化合物可使用其已知方案进行评价,包括例如本文所述的那些方案,以评价它们的生物活性。本文的一些化合物表现出令人惊讶的优异特性(例如,代谢稳定性、高选择性、低外排速率、高渗透性、非P糖蛋白和BCRP外排底物、非醛氧化酶底物、低hERG倾向、低药物-药物相互作用倾向等),使得它们成为优秀的潜在治疗剂候选物。
本文引用的所有参考文献,无论是电子的、印刷的、计算机可读的还是其他形式的,都全文明确地以引用方式并入本文,包括但不限于摘要、文章、期刊、出版物、教科书、论文、技术数据表、互联网网站、数据库、专利、专利申请和专利出版物。
现在将参考以下实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。以下实施例将帮助本领域技术人员进一步理解本发明,而不以任何方式限制本发明。应当注意,本领域技术人员可在不脱离本发明精神的情况下进行许多修改和改进。所有这些修改和改进都在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
中间体3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-胺A6和1-苄基-3,3-二氟哌啶-4-胺A5’如图2所示合成。
步骤1:在25℃下,向2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(404g,3.33mol)和Ti(OEt)4(1003g,4.44mol)的THF(2.5L)溶液中滴加A1(500g,2.22mol)的溶液。将反应混合物在70℃下搅拌1小时,然后冷却至0℃。然后在0℃下将反应混合物加入另一个反应器中的NaBH4(166g,2.0当量)的THF(2.5L)溶液中。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌0.5小时,然后缓慢升温至25℃并继续搅拌0.5小时。加入甲醇(2.5L),然后搅拌0.5小时。将混合物加入到含有NaCl饱和溶液(2.5L)的容器中,并在25℃下搅拌1小时。反应混合物用DCM(2.5L)萃取两次。有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并真空蒸发,得到产物A2。
步骤2:在25℃下,向粗制A2的乙酸乙酯(1L)溶液中加入HCl(5.0当量,4M乙酸乙酯溶液),在25℃下搅拌1小时,然后过滤,得到A3。
步骤3:向滤饼A3中加入水(1.5L),然后在25℃下用20% NaOH水溶液将pH调节至8-9。混合物用DCM(1.5L)萃取,并且有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。向粗产物中加入三乙胺(267g,1.2当量),然后加入(Boc)2O(577g,1.2当量),并将混合物在25℃下搅拌1小时。向混合物中加入10%柠檬酸溶液(2L),然后分离有机层。水层用DCM(1L)萃取。将合并的有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到A4(430g,59.4%)。
步骤4:向A2(380g,1.0当量)的MeOH(3.8L)溶液中加入Pd(OH)2/C(20%,w/w),在25℃和20个大气压下将混合物搅拌至少1小时。将混合物过滤并浓缩滤液,得到A5(250g,91%)。
步骤4’:在室温下将A4(4g,12.27mmol)在TFA(20mL)中的混合物搅拌2小时。真空浓缩混合物。残余物进一步通过柱色谱法(DCM:MeOH=12:1)纯化,得到化合物A5’(2g,74.1%),为黄色油状物。
步骤5:在5℃下向A5(236g,1.0当量)的MeOH(2.4L)溶液中加入HCHO(37%水溶液,w/w)。将反应混合物在5℃下搅拌1小时,然后分批加入NaBH(OAc)3,直到LC-MS表明A5消失。在25℃向反应混合物中加入10%NaOH水溶液以将pH调节至8-9,并且在25℃搅拌0.5小时。真空蒸发甲醇,然后用乙酸乙酯(1.2L)萃取残余物。分离有机层并浓缩。加入HCl(5.0当量,4M乙酸乙酯溶液),然后过滤。收集滤饼并在45℃真空干燥,得到A6的HCl盐(125.1g,53.7%)。
中间体8-溴-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮B5和8-溴-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-(氘代甲基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮B5’如图3所示合成。
步骤1:向B1(25g,79.48mmol)在DMA(500mL)中的混合物中加入A6(14.92g,99.34mmol)和DIEA(30g,238.744mmol)。将混合物加热至60℃持续5小时。将混合物冷却至室温,并倒入DCM(500mL)和H2O(250mL)的混合物中,将有机层分离并用盐水洗涤,用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩,得到B2(15g,44.09%),为米白色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=404[M+H]+
步骤2:在室温下,向B2(15g,33.35mmol)在MeOH/H2O/THF(300mL/150mL/150mL)中的混合物中加入NaOH(8g,100mmol),并加热至50℃保持2小时。将混合物冷却至室温,真空浓缩除去有机层。将残余物加入H2O(150mL)中,通过加入10% HCl调节至pH=4,过滤得到B3(11g,78.57%),为米白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12-11.85(m,1H),8.80-8.65(m,1H),8.01-7.67(m,2H),5.35-5.01(m,1H),3.68-3.51(m,1H),3.30-3.22(m,1H),3.17(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),2.92(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),2.63-2.53(m,1H),2.47-2.29(m,4H),2.07-1.92(m,1H).
步骤3:向B3(11g,27.5mmol)和DPPA(7.12mL,33mmol)的DMF(350mL)溶液中加入TEA(28.2mL,82.5mmol)。将混合物在60℃下搅拌2小时。将反应物冷却至室温,然后倒入H2O(500mL)中。过滤沉淀,用H2O(50mL)洗涤,干燥滤饼得到B4(10g,91.82%),为棕色固体。
步骤4:在室温下,向B4(10g,25.2mmol)在DMF(250mL)中的混合物中加入DMF-DMA(15.15g,126mmol)。然后将混合物加热至80℃保持2小时,将混合物冷却至室温,过滤。滤液用H2O洗涤,干燥得到B5(9g,86.95%),为米白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.05-8.95(m,1H),8.75–8.36(m,1H),8.04-7.71(m,2H),5.37-5.16(m,1H),3.67-3.55(m,1H),3.50(s,2H),3.30-3.23(m,1H),2.93(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),2.74-2.53(m,1H),2.48-2.32(m,4H),2.07-1.93(m,1H).LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=411,413[M+H]+
步骤4’:将B4(400mg,1.01mmol)的THF(20mL)溶液在-78℃冷却,将NaHMDS(221mg,1.21mmol,1M THF溶液)加入到混合物中,并在-78℃搅拌30分钟。然后将CD3I(87mg,1.21mmol)滴加到混合物中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。向混合物中加入H2O(10mL),用EtOAc(30mL×3)萃取,然后将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过柱色谱法(DCM:MeOH=30:1)纯化,得到化合物B5’(380mg,91.9%),为黄色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=414,416[M+H]+
中间体8-溴-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-7-氟-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮C5如图4所示合成。
步骤1:向C1(1.48g,4.45mmol)在DMA(20mL)中的混合物中加入A6(1.09g,9.54mmol)和DIEA(1.72g,13.35mmol)。将混合物加热至80℃持续8小时。将混合物冷却至室温,并倒入乙酸乙酯(200mL)和H2O(100mL)的混合物中,将有机层分离并用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩,得到C2(2.2g,100%),为棕色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=448[M+H]+
步骤2:在室温下,向C2(2.2g,5mmol)在MeOH/H2O/THF(60mL/20mL/20mL)中的混合物中加入NaOH(1g,25mmol),并加热至60℃保持2小时。将混合物冷却至室温,真空浓缩除去有机层。将残余物加入H2O(50mL)中,通过加入10% HCl调节至pH=4,过滤得到C3(2g,92.4%),为黄色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=420[M+H]+
步骤3:向C3(1.93g,4.62mmol)和DPPA(1.53g,5.55mmol)的DMF(10mL)溶液中加入TEA(1.4g,13.86mmol)。将混合物在60℃下搅拌2小时。将反应物冷却至室温,然后倒入H2O(80mL)中,用乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取。将有机层分离,并用盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。残余物通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化,得到C4(1.19g,61.7%),为棕色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD_SPE)δ9.04–8.73(m,1H),8.69(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),8.54(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),7.80(dd,J=9.7,2.9Hz,1H),5.20(dd,J=23.7,8.8Hz,1H),3.80(d,J=12.1Hz,1H),3.21–2.83(m,2H),2.66(dd,J=28.4,12.5Hz,1H),2.54–2.41(m,4H),2.07(s,1H).LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=417[M+H]+
步骤4:将甲基碘(334mg,2.42mmol)加入到C4(500mg,1.21mmol)、NaOH(73mg,1.82mmol)和TBAHS(41mg,0.12mmol)在DCM/H2O(4mL/3mL)中的混合物中。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌5小时。将冷却的混合物倒入DCM(200mL)和H2O(150mL)的混合物中。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。残余物通过Pre-TLC纯化,得到C5(533mg,100%),为棕色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ9.09–8.95(m,1H),8.89–8.53(m,1H),8.03–7.96(m,1H),5.31(dd,J=25.6,11.6Hz,1H),3.73–3.60(m,1H),3.54(d,J=34.3Hz,3H),3.28–3.12(m,3H),2.71–2.54(m,2H),2.48–2.29(m,4H),1.98(d,J=12.5Hz,1H).LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=431[M+H]+
中间体1-(3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮D7如图5所示合成。
步骤1:将B1(5g,15.90mmol)、A5’(4.32g,19.07mmol)和DIEA(3.54g,38.14mmol)在DMA(50mL)中的混合物加热至100℃保持12小时。将混合物倒入H2O(100mL)中,用EtOAc(100mL×3)萃取,然后将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过柱色谱法(DCM:MeOH=30:1)纯化,得到化合物D2’(3g,37.42%),为黄色油状物。
步骤2:在室温下,向D2(2.3g,4.56mmol)在MeOH/H2O/THF(20mL/5mL/5mL)中的混合物中加入NaOH(0.65g,16.2mmol),并加热至50℃保持2小时。将混合物冷却至室温,真空浓缩除去有机层,然后将残余物加入H2O(50mL)中,通过加入10% HCl水溶液调节至pH=4,过滤得到D3(2.0g,92.08%),为米白色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=506.0[M+H].
步骤3:将D3(2.0g,4.20mmol)、DPPA(1.7g,6.18mmol)、TEA(3.74g,25.1mmol)的DMF(35mL)溶液在60℃下搅拌2小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温。将混合物倒入H2O(50mL)中,然后过滤沉淀。用H2O洗涤固体一次,然后干燥滤饼得到D4(1.8g,90.57%),为棕色固体。
步骤4:在室温下,向D4(1.80g,3.80mmol)在DMF(25mL)中的混合物中加入DMF-DMA(2.30g,19.2mmol)。然后将混合物加热至80℃保持2小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温然后过滤。用H2O洗涤滤饼,并干燥得到D5(1.0g,53.96%),为米白色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=489.2[M+H].
步骤5:将D5(1.0g,2.05mmol)、(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)硼酸(377mg,2.46mmol)、PdCl2(dtdppf)(240mg,0.21mmol)、K2CO3(1.5mg,6.15mmol)在1,4-二氧六环/H2O(15mL/4mL)中的混合物用N2脱气两次,然后加热至80℃保持3小时。将反应混合物倒入DCM(50mL)和H2O(50mL)的混合物中,然后将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过柱色谱法(DCM:MeOH=30:1)纯化,得到化合物D6(1g,94.53%),为白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.95(d,J=32.8Hz,1H),8.80(s,1H),8.67(s,J=43.2,2.4Hz,1H),8.37(s,1H),8.23–8.09(m,2H),8.00–7.90(m,1H),7.40–7.23(m,5H),7.01(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),5.59–5.23(m,1H),3.98–3.90(m,3H),3.79(d,J=13.3Hz,1H),3.73(m,J=11.2,4.4Hz,2H),3.58(m,J=32.0,21.2Hz,4H),3.11(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),3.03–2.87(m,1H),2.74–2.55(m,1H),2.40(m,J=32.4,18.1Hz,1H),2.07–1.94(m,1H).LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=516.0[M+H].
步骤6:在D6(400mg,0.78mmol)的MeOH(10mL)溶液中加入Pd(OH)2/C(100mg,10%Pd,水<10%)。将反应混合物在30℃搅拌5小时。过滤反应混合物,并真空浓缩滤液,得到化合物D7(300mg,90.89%),为棕色油状物。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=426.0[M+H].
中间体2-环丙氧基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)吡啶E3如图6所示合成。
步骤1:将E1(1g,5.68mmol)、环丙醇(396mg,6.82mmol)和KOtBu(2.1g,14.3mmol)在THF(20mL)中的混合物加热至80℃保持3小时。向混合物中加入H2O(40mL),用EtOAc(40mL×3)萃取,然后将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过柱色谱法(石油醚:EtOAc=4:1)纯化,得到化合物E2(1.1g,90.4%),为黄色油状物。
步骤2:将E2(1.1g,5.14mmol)、Pin2B2(1.57g,6.17mmol)和KOAc(1.5g,15.42mmol)在二氧六环(20mL)中的混合物加热至100℃保持8小时。向混合物中加入H2O(40mL),用EtOAc(40mL×3)萃取,然后将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过柱色谱法(石油醚:EtOAc=4:1)纯化,得到化合物E3(700mg,52.23%),为黄色油状物。
中间体2-(氘代甲氧基)-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)吡啶F3如图7所示合成。
步骤1:将F1(1g,5.75mmol)和Ag2CO3(3.17mg,11.49mmol)在CHCl3(15mL)中的混合物在30℃下搅拌3小时。将混合物倒入DCM(30mL)和H2O(30mL)的混合物中,然后将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩,得到化合物F2(900mg,81.97%),为无色油状物。
步骤2:将F2(900mg,4.71mmol)、Pin2B2(1.44g,5.65mmol)和KOAc(1.38g,14.51mmol)在二氧六环(20mL)中的混合物加热至100℃保持8小时。向混合物中加入H2O(40mL),用EtOAc(40mL×3)萃取,然后将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过柱色谱法(石油醚:EtOAc=4:1)纯化,得到化合物F3(800mg,71.3%),为黄色油状物。
中间体N,N-二甲基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)吡啶-2-胺G2如图8所示合成。
将G1(550mg,2.74mmol)和Pin2B2(835mg,3.288mmol)在二氧六环(20mL)中的混合物加入Pd(dppf)Cl2(201mg,0.274mmol)和KOAc(807mg,8.22mmol),将该混合物在100℃搅拌3小时。将混合物冷却至室温,过滤,真空浓缩,并通过硅胶柱色谱法(DCM:MeOH=10:1)纯化,得到G2(300mg,44.1%)。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=248,249[M+H]+
中间体N,N-二甲基-1-(5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)吡啶-2-基)氮杂环丁烷-3-胺H2如图9所示合成。
步骤1:向E1(550mg,3.1mmol)和N,N-二甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-胺盐酸盐(805mg,4.65mmol)在DMF(5mL)中的混合物中加入DIEA(2003mg,15.5mmol),将该混合物在90℃搅拌12小时。将混合物冷却至室温,倒入水中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩,并通过硅胶柱色谱法(DCM:MeOH=10:1)纯化,得到H1(438mg,55%)。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=257,258[M+H]+
步骤2:向H1(438mg,1.71mmol)和Pin2B2(521mg,2.05mmol)在二氧六环(20mL)中的混合物加入Pd(dppf)Cl2(125mg,0.171mmol)和KOAc(503mg,5.13mmol),然后将该混合物在100℃搅拌3小时。将混合物冷却至室温,过滤,真空浓缩,并通过硅胶柱色谱法(DCM:MeOH=10:1)纯化,得到H2(359mg,63.6%)。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=303,304[M+H]+
中间体2-甲基-6-(5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)吡啶-2-基)-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷I6如图10所示合成。
步骤1:向I1(50mg,0.174mmol)在THF(5mL)中的混合物中加入Pd/C(10mg,0.08mmol)。将混合物在H2下加热至50℃保持12小时。过滤混合物,将滤液真空浓缩,得到I2(30mg,90%),为米白色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=198.9[M+H]+
步骤2:在室温下,向I2(30mg,0.152mmol)在DMSO(3mL)中的混合物中加入E1(40mg,0.5mmol)和DIEA(28mg,0.3mmol),并加热至120℃保持2小时。将反应物冷却至室温,然后倒入H2O(50mL)中,将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,通过柱(DCM:MeOH=30:1)纯化,得到I3(33mg,78.57%),为米白色固体。
步骤3:向I3(33mg,0.093mmol)的DCM(3mL)溶液中加入TFA(19mg,0.27mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌1小时。将混合物倒入DCM(15mL)和H2O(15mL)的混合物中,将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过柱(DCM:MeOH=30:1)纯化,得到I4(20mg,91.82%),为棕色固体。
步骤4:在N2下,向I4(20mg,0.079mmol)在AcOH(2mL)、MeCN(2mL)中的溶液中加入NaBH3CN(13mg,0.16mmol)和CH2O水溶液。将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。将混合物倒入DCM(15mL)和H2O(15mL)的混合物中,将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过柱(DCM:MeOH=30:1)纯化,得到I5(12mg,91.82%),为米白色固体。
步骤5:将I5(12mg,0.045mmol)、Pin2B2(20mg,0.13mmol)、PdCl2(dppf)(3mg,0.004mmol)和AcOH(6mg,0.08mmol)在1,4-二氧六环(3mL)中的混合物用N2脱气两次,然后加热至100℃保持3小时。将混合物倒入DCM(15mL)和H2O(15mL)的混合物中,将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过柱(DCM:MeOH=30:1)纯化,得到I6(15mg,56.07%),为白色固体。
用于将硼酸酯中间体与芳基溴偶联的一般方法如图11所示。
将原料(1当量)、硼酸酯中间体(1.2当量)、PdCl2(dtdppf)(1当量)、K2CO3(3当量)在1,4-二氧六环/H2O(2.5:1,v/v,0.035M)中的混合物用N2脱气两次,然后加热至80℃保持3小时。将混合物倒入DCM和H2O的混合物中,将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。残余物通过柱(DCM:MeOH=30:1)纯化,得到期望的偶联产物。
使用用于将硼酸酯中间体与芳基溴偶联的一般方法的代表性示例如图12所示。
将B5(2g,4.87mmol)、吡啶-3-基硼酸(888mg,5.844mmol)、PdCl2(dtdppf)(318mg,4.87mmol)、K2CO3(2g,14.61mmol)在1,4-二氧六环/H2O(100mL/40mL)中的混合物用N2脱气两次,然后加热至80℃保持3小时。将混合物倒入DCM(500mL)和H2O(500mL)的混合物中,用盐水洗涤有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,通过柱色谱法(DCM:MeOH=30:1)纯化,得到产物(1.22g,57.07%),为白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ9.09(d,J=42.0,1.9Hz,1H),8.98(d,J=26.8Hz,1H),8.90(s,1H),8.67–8.61(m,1H),8.48(s,1H),8.34–8.19(m,1H),8.18(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.15-8.05(m,1H),7.68-7.48(m,1H),5.57–5.25(m,1H),3.69(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),3.56(d,J=33.2Hz,3H),3.44–3.34(m,1H),3.30(s,1H),3.11(d,J=11.2Hz,1H),2.94(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),2.73-2.53(m,1H),2.42(d,J=32.4,16.4Hz,4H),2.11–1.92(m,1H).LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=410.1[M+H]+
用于手性分离外消旋产物1-13的一般方法如图13所示。
将样品溶解在约150mL EtOH中,并使用手性制备型SFC柱(Waters SFC 150,250*25mm10μm AS SFC柱)每7mL注射一次,以分离对映异构体(55:45超临界CO2:EtOH流动相,流速为70g/min,监测波长为214nm)。
使用用于手性分离外消旋产物的一般方法的代表性示例如图14所示。
按照用于手性分离外消旋产物的一般方法,由1.22g 1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮得到(R)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(500mg,99%黄色固体),1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ9.09(d,J=42.0,1.9Hz,1H),8.98(d,J=26.8Hz,1H),8.90(s,1H),8.67–8.61(m,1H),8.48(s,1H),8.34–8.19(m,1H),8.18(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.15-8.05(m,1H),7.68-7.48(m,1H),5.57–5.25(m,1H),3.69(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),3.56(d,J=33.2Hz,3H),3.44–3.34(m,1H),3.30(s,1H),3.11(d,J=11.2Hz,1H),2.94(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),2.73-2.53(m,1H),2.42(d,J=32.4,16.4Hz,4H),2.11–1.92(m,1H)。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=410.1[M+H]SFC:99%和(S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮(504mg,99.03%黄色固体),1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ9.09(d,J=42.0,1.9Hz,1H),8.98(d,J=26.8Hz,1H),8.90(s,1H),8.67–8.60(m,1H),8.48(s,1H),8.34–8.19(m,1H),8.18(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.15-8.05(m,1H),7.68-7.48(m,1H),5.57–5.24(m,1H),3.71–3.62(m,1H),3.56(d,J=33.2Hz,3H),3.44–3.34(m,1H),3.30(s,1H),3.10(d,J=11.2Hz,1H),2.94(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),2.73-2.53(m,1H),2.42(dd,J=32.4,16.4Hz,4H),2.11–1.93(m,1H)。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=410.1[M+H]SFC:99%。
实施例2
化合物1的合成如图15所示:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮的合成
按照用于将硼酸酯中间体与芳基溴偶联的一般方法,由B5(2g,4.87mmol)、(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)硼酸(888mg,5.844mmol)、PdCl2(dtdppf)(318mg,4.87mmol)和K2CO3(2g,14.61mmol)在1,4-二氧六环/H2O(100mL/40mL)中的混合物得到化合物1(1.2g,56.07%),为白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.94(d,J=25.6Hz,1H),8.80(s,1H),8.68(dd,J=39.6,2.0Hz,1H),8.38(s,1H),8.29–8.10(m,2H),8.05-7.95(m,1H),7.01(dd,J=18.8,8.8Hz,1H),5.45-5.25(m,1H),3.94(d,J=4.8Hz,3H),3.73–3.61(m,1H),3.56(d,J=33.2Hz,3H),3.44–3.35(m,1H),3.15–2.87(m,1H),2.72–2.53(m,1H),2.48–2.39(m,2H),2.35(s,2H),2.10–1.91(m,1H).LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=440.1[M+H]+
实施例3
化合物2的合成如图16所示:(R/S)-1-(1-乙基-3,3-二氟哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮的合成
向D7(100mg,0.24mmol)在乙醛(10mL)中的混合物中加入NaBH3CN(18mg,0.28mmol)。将混合物在30℃搅拌5小时。向混合物中加入H2O(20mL),用EtOAc(20mL×3)萃取,然后真空浓缩有机层。残余物通过柱色谱法(DCM:MeOH=30:1)纯化,得到化合物2(10mg,9.38%),为白色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=454.0[M+H].1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.99–8.89(m,1H),8.80(s,0.4H),8.75–8.61(m,1H),8.39(s,0.5H),8.25–8.11(m,2H),8.04–7.91(m,1H),7.05–6.90(m,1H),5.55–5.24(m,1H),3.93(d,J=8.0Hz,3H),3.70–3.62(m,0.3H),3.60(s,1H),3.52(s,2H),3.49–3.35(m,1H),3.20(d,J=8.0Hz,0.7H),3.04(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),2.66–2.59(m,1H),2.58–2.53(m,1H),2.46–2.38(m,2H),2.10–1.93(m,1H),1.16–1.04(m,3H).
实施例4
化合物3的合成如图17所示:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-异丙基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮的合成
向D7(100mg,0.24mmol)的丙-2-酮(10mL)溶液中加入NaBH3CN(22mg,0.35mmol)。将反应混合物在30℃搅拌5小时。向混合物中加入H2O(20mL),用EtOAc(20mL×3)萃取,然后浓缩有机层。残余物通过柱色谱法(DCM:MeOH=30:1)纯化,得到化合物3(10mg,9.74%),为白色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=468.2[M+H].1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.99–8.89(m,1H),8.80(s,0.5H),8.73–8.60(m,1H),8.39(s,0.5H),8.22–8.09(m,2H),8.02-7.90(m,1H),7.04-6.89(m,1H),5.52–5.19(m,1H),3.95–3.88(m,3H),3.61–3.35(m,4H),3.15–2.53(m,5H),2.09–1.93(m,1H),1.05(d,J=8.0Hz,6H).
实施例5
化合物4的合成如图18所示:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-乙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮的合成
按照用于将硼酸酯中间体与芳基溴偶联的一般方法,由B5(2g,4.87mmol)、(6-乙氧基吡啶-3-基)硼酸(970mg,5.844mmol)、PdCl2(dtdppf)(318mg,0.49mmol)和K2CO3(2g,14.61mmol)在1,4-二氧六环/H2O(100mL/40mL)中的混合物得到化合物4(1.3g,59.1%),为白色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=454.1[M+H]+,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.03-8.95(m,1H),8.79(s,0.35H),δ8.74-8.53(m,1H),δ8.44-8.33(m,1H),8.30-8.06(m,2H),8.05-7.85(m,1H),7.05–6.96(m,1H),5.58-5.20(m,1H),4.39(s,2H),3.74–3.62(m,0.57H),3.62–3.42(m,3H),3.45–3.36(m,0.47H),3.17–2.93(m,2H),2.74–2.56(m,1H),2.49–2.29(m,4H),2.13–1.96(m,1H),1.36(s,3H).
实施例6
化合物5的合成如图19所示:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-7-氟-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮的合成
按照用于将硼酸酯中间体与芳基溴偶联的一般方法,将C5(150mg,0.35mmol)、(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)硼酸(70mg,0.46mmol)、PdCl2(dtdppf)(14mg,0.02mmol)、K2CO3(145mg,1.05mmol)在1,4-二氧六环/H2O(4mL/0.8mL)中的混合物用N2脱气两次,然后加热至90℃保持3小时。将混合物倒入H2O(20mL)中,用DCM(45mL)萃取,将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过Pre-HPLC(FA)纯化,得到化合物5(79.2mg,49.4%),为白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.98(d,J=27.3Hz,1H),8.72(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.63–8.13(m,2H),8.17–7.95(m,1H),7.93(d,J=12.2Hz,1H),7.11–6.86(m,1H),5.49–5.24(m,1H),3.94(d,J=5.6Hz,3H),3.68–3.35(m,4H),3.08(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),2.99–2.57(m,2H),2.48–2.17(m,4H),2.08–1.79(m,1H).LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=458.3[M+H]+
实施例7
化合物6的合成如图20所示:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-(氘代甲基)哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮的合成
将D7(100mg,0.24mmol)的ACN(20mL)溶液在28℃搅拌,将K2CO3(71.4mg,0.52mmol)加入到该混合物中,并在28℃搅拌30分钟。然后将CD3I(51mg,0.35mmol)滴加到该反应混合物中。将混合物在室温搅拌16小时。向反应混合物中加入H2O(10mL),用EtOAc(30mL×3)萃取,然后将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过柱色谱法(DCM:MeOH=30:1)纯化,得到化合物6(2.6mg,2.5%),为白色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=442.2[M+H].1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.99–8.89(m,1H),8.80(s,0.3H),8.75–8.61(m,1H),8.38(s,0.7H),8.25–8.11(m,2H),8.05–7.91(m,1H),7.05–6.95(m,1H),5.55–5.24(m,1H),3.94(d,J=4.0Hz,3H),3.70–3.62(m,0.6H),3.60(s,1H),3.51(s,2H),3.43–3.38(m,0.4H),3.15–3.06(m,0.4H),2.99–2.90(m,1H),2.64–2.54(m,0.6H),2.45–2.38(m,1H),2.08–1.93(m,1H),1.23(s,1H).
实施例8
化合物7的合成如图21所示:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-异丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮的合成
按照用于将硼酸酯中间体与芳基溴偶联的一般方法,由B5(100mg,0.24mmol)、(6-异丙氧基吡啶-3-基)硼酸(52.8mg,0.29mmol)、PdCl2(dtdppf)(16mg,0.02mmol)和K2CO3(89mg,0.73mmol)在1,4-二氧六环/H2O(10mL/4mL)中的混合物得到化合物7(10.6mg,9.4%),为白色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=468.2[M+H]+.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.99–8.89(m,1H),8.91–8.77(m,0.35H),8.73–8.57(m,1H),8.36(s,1H),8.27–8.07(m,2H),8.05–7.90(m,1H),6.99–6.94(m,1H),5.52–5.26(m,2H),3.66–3.62(m,0.5H),3.61–3.49(m,3H),3.45–3.37(m,0.5H),2.99–2.87(m,1H),2.47–2.39(m,3H),2.36–2.31(m,2H),2.10–1.91(m,1H),1.36–1.31(m,6H).
实施例9
化合物8的合成如图22所示:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(二甲氨基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮的合成
按照用于将硼酸酯中间体与芳基溴偶联的一般方法,向B5(300mg,0.73mmol)和G2(181mg,0.73mmol)在二氧六环/H2O(10mL/2mL)中的混合物中加入Pd(dtbpf)Cl2(53mg,0.073mmol)和K2CO3(302mg,2.19mmol),得到化合物8(321mg,97%)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ8.88–8.75(m,1H),8.53(dd,J=41.6,2.4Hz,1H),8.37(s,1H),8.12(t,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.02–7.87(m,2H),6.83(dd,J=19.9,9.0Hz,1H),5.43(dd,J=26.8,8.8Hz,1H),3.89–3.74(m,1H),3.67(s,1H),3.59(s,2H),3.44(d,J=29.6Hz,1H),3.17(d,J=4.9Hz,6H),3.10(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),2.75–2.50(m,2H),2.43(d,J=18.8Hz,3H),2.08(d,J=13.5Hz,1H).LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=452,453[M+H]+
实施例10
化合物9的合成如图23所示:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)-3-(氘代甲基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮的合成
按照用于将硼酸酯中间体与芳基溴偶联的一般方法,由B5’(100mg,0.24mmol)、(6-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)硼酸(44mg,0.29mmol)、PdCl2(dtdppf)(31.8mg,0.02mmol)和K2CO3(200mg,1.46mmol)在1,4-二氧六环/H2O(100mL/40mL)中的混合物得到化合物9(10mg,9.36%),为白色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=443.1[M+H]+.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.99–8.89(m,1H),8.80(s,0.3H),8.74–8.61(m,1H),8.38(s,0.7H),8.22–8.09(m,2H),8.02-7.90(m,1H),7.07-6.94(m,1H),3.97–3.90(m,3H),3.71–3.59(m,1H),3.44–3.38(m,0.6H),3.15–3.06(m,0.4H),3.0–2.86(m,1H),2.78–2.54(m,1H),2.47-2.45(m,1H),2.45-2.40(m,1H),2.35(s,2H),2.09–1.92(m,1H).
实施例11
化合物10的合成如图24所示:(R/S)-8-(6-环丙氧基吡啶-3-基)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮的合成
按照用于将硼酸酯中间体与芳基溴偶联的一般方法,由B5(200mg,0.47mmol)、E3(152mg,0.58mmol)、PdCl2(dtdppf)(32mg,0.02mmol)和K2CO3(130mg,1.2mmol)在1,4-二氧六环/H2O(10mL/4mL)中的混合物得到化合物10(10mg,4.42%),为白色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=466.2[M+H]+.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.99–8.90(m,1H),8.93–8.77(m,0.35H),8.76–8.62(m,1H),8.45–8.33(m,1.3H),8.29–8.10(m,2H),8.05–7.91(m,1H),7.15–6.93(m,1H),5.57–5.23(m,1H),4.36-4.22(m,1H),3.70–3.56(m,2H),3.52(s,2H),3.14–3.06(m,0.5H),2.97-2.89(m,1H),2.72–2.54(m,0.5H),2.47-2.41(m,2H),2.35(s,2H),2.09–1.92(m,1H),0.95–0.77(m,2H),0.74–0.66(m,2H).
实施例12
化合物11的合成如图25所示:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮的合成
按照用于将硼酸酯中间体与芳基溴偶联的一般方法,向H2(359mg,1.18mmol)和B5(335mg,0.815mmol)在二氧六环/H2O(10mL/2mL)中的混合物中加入K2CO3(337mg,2.445mmol),得到化合物11(160mg,38.7%)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ8.81(dd,J=18.5,3.4Hz,1H),8.44(dd,J=35.7,33.3Hz,2H),8.18–8.07(m,1H),8.02–7.83(m,2H),6.67–6.53(m,1H),5.41(dd,J=25.5,11.6Hz,1H),4.20(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.01–3.73(m,3H),3.62(dd,J=31.4,2.3Hz,3H),3.42–3.33(m,2H),3.09(d,J=11.9Hz,1H),2.63(dd,J=28.2,12.3Hz,1H),2.53–2.36(m,4H),2.27(s,6H),2.08(d,J=13.7Hz,1H).LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=507,508[M+H]+
实施例13
化合物12的合成如图26所示:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-8-(6-(氘代甲氧基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮的合成
按照用于将硼酸酯中间体与芳基溴偶联的一般方法,由F3(200mg,0.84mmol)、B5(287mg,0.70mmol)、PdCl2(dtdppf)(31mg,4.87mmol)和K2CO3(347mg,2.52mmol)在1,4-二氧六环/H2O(10mL/4mL)中的混合物得到化合物12(10mg,3.2%),为白色固体。LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=443.0[M+H]+.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.98–8.94(m,1H),8.70–8.54(s,0.41H),8.33–8.25(m,1H),8.23(s,0.56H),8.14–8.06(m,1H),7.97–7.85(m,2H),6.64–6.52(m,1H),5.50–5.22(m,1H),3.66–3.62(m,1H),3.59(s,1H),3.51(s,2H),3.16–3.06(m,0.54H),2.99–2.88(m,1H),2.88–2.55(m,1.5H),2.46(s,1H),2.44–2.38(m,1H),2.35(s,2H),2.09–1.93(m,1H),1.38(s,1H).
实施例14
化合物13的合成如图27所示:(R/S)-1-(3,3-二氟-1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-3-甲基-8-(6-((1R,5R/1S,5S)-(2-甲基-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-基)吡啶-3-基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-2-酮的合成
按照用于将硼酸酯中间体与芳基溴偶联的一般方法,将I6(15mg,0.038mmol)、B5(12mg,0.058mmol)、PdCl2(dppf)(3mg,0.0038mmol)、Na2CO3(6mg,0.12mmol)在1,4-二氧六环/H2O(3mL/0.5mL)中的混合物用N2脱气两次,然后加热至100℃保持3小时。将混合物倒入DCM(15mL)和H2O(15mL)的混合物中,将有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。残余物通过柱(DCM:MeOH=30:1)纯化,得到化合物13(2.8mg,47.1%),为白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ8.80(d,J=18.3Hz,1H),8.46(m,J=32.8,2.4Hz,1H),8.34(s,1H),8.18–7.82(m,3H),6.56(d,J=18.0,8.8Hz,1H),5.40(d,J=26.0,10.4Hz,1H),4.97(t,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.16–4.00(m,2H),3.90–3.70(m,2H),3.62(d,J=31.2Hz,3H),3.43–3.34(m,1H),3.15–3.03(m,2H),2.89(d,J=10.8,4.8Hz,1H),2.64(d,J=28.0,12.4Hz,1H),2.51(s,1H),2.48(s,3H),2.43(d,J=10.8Hz,3H),2.16(d,J=12.8,3.2Hz,1H),2.11–2.00(m,1H),1.98–1.85(m,1H).LC-MS:(ESI)m/z=520.6[M+H]+
实施例14
按照用于手性分离外消旋产物1-13的一般方法,得到下列对映纯产物14-41:
实施例12.生物数据
使用ODYSSEY CLx(LI-COR)检测使用MCF-7细胞的ATM蛋白的磷酸化;将约25μl细胞接种在每个空白384孔板中,24小时后,使用搅拌头加入按比例稀释的化合物和依托泊苷,并在37℃孵育1小时,然后通过在室温下加入25μl 8%多聚甲醛20分钟来固定细胞。细胞用含有0.1% Triton X-100的1X PBS透化,加入50μl Odyssey封闭缓冲液封闭,并在室温下振荡1.5小时。去除封闭缓冲液,加入20μl抗pKAP1抗体,将抗pKAP1抗体在温和的摇床上于4度孵育过夜。向每个板孔中加入20μl含有DNA染色剂DRAQ5(1/4,000)的二抗(IRDye800CW山羊抗兔IgG)溶液,在含有0.1% Tween-20的封闭缓冲液中稀释(1/5000),并孵育二抗1小时。洗涤并去除溶液。立即使用ODYSSEY CLx(LI-COR)扫描板以抑制ATM蛋白的磷酸化。
在基于细胞的ATM磷酸化抑制中,本发明的化合物有效抑制MCF-7上的pATM信号传导,因此具有通过ATM蛋白的DNA损伤修复来克服放射疗法或化学疗法抗性的潜在能力。
表1:MCF-7细胞pATM抑制(IC50单位是nM)
化合物1-41 | 化合物X | |
IC50 | <100 | <1 |
血脑屏障穿透:
为了确定化合物是否能够穿过血脑屏障(BBB),给大鼠或小鼠施用测试化合物。给药四小时后,处死大鼠或小鼠,收集血液和脑组织,并分析测试化合物的浓度。脑渗透被定义为化合物在脑组织中的浓度与在血浆中的浓度的比率。P-糖蛋白和BCRP(乳腺癌耐药蛋白)是血脑屏障外排蛋白,P-糖蛋白底物(外排比>1.5)和/或BCRP底物(外排比>1.5)在脑外。
表2:血脑屏障穿透
在脑穿透试验中,本发明化合物(化合物1-41)在脑组织中的化合物浓度与在血浆中的浓度的比率大于30%,并且不是P-糖蛋白底物和BCRP底物,已经穿过血脑屏障,因此它们具有在脑中达到有效血浆浓度的潜力,用于治疗和/或预防癌症脑转移瘤、脑膜转移瘤、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、DIPG和其他中枢神经系统疾病。
醛氧化酶敏感性:
人醛氧化酶(hAOX)是一种在人肝脏中表达的细胞溶质药物代谢酶,与CYP类似,有助于显著量的喹啉衍生物的氧化,但在不存在NADPH辅因子的情况下起作用。作为AOX的底物的药物通常表现出高代谢清除率,导致低暴露,并因此导致在人中降低的药物功效(Lepri等人,PNAS,2017年,第E3178-E3187页)。本发明的化合物(化合物1-41)不是具有长半衰期的人醛氧化酶的底物,因此它们具有在脑中以低代谢清除率实现有效药物功效的潜力,用于治疗和/或预防癌症脑转移瘤、脑膜转移瘤、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、DIPG和其他中枢神经系统疾病。
表3:醛氧化酶敏感性
虽然本发明描述了许多实施方案,但是我们的基本实施方案可被修改以提供利用本发明的化合物和方法的其他实施方案。因此,本发明的范围由所附权利要求书限定,而不是由以举例方式示出的具体实施方案限定。
本申请中引用的所有参考文献(包括但不限于摘要、文章、期刊、出版物、教科书、论文、技术数据表、互联网网站、数据库、专利、专利申请和专利出版物)全文明确地以引用方式并入本文。除非另有定义,否则本文所用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义相同的含义。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,
R1独立地选自甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基、环丙氧基、氘代甲氧基、二甲基胺、N,N-二甲基氮杂环丁烷-3-胺或2-甲基-2,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷;
R2独立地选自氢或氟;
R3独立地选自甲基或氘代甲基;
R4独立地选自甲基、乙基、异丙基或氘代甲基。
3.一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物、其盐、其溶剂化物、其水合物或其多晶体类型,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂或辅助成分。
4.一种ATM抑制剂,其特征在于所述抑制剂是根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物的活性成分;所述抑制剂能够穿过血脑屏障。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物、或根据权利要求3所述的药物组合物、或根据权利要求4所述的抑制剂在制备用于治疗或预防由ATM介导的ATM蛋白激活的药物中的用途。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于所述蛋白质是共济失调-毛细血管扩张突变激酶。
7.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于所述疾病是癌症的中枢神经转移性疾病、脑癌、增殖性疾病、癌症,其中所述式(I)化合物与放射疗法同时、分开或依次施用。
8.根据权利要求5所述的用途,用于治疗根据权利要求7所述的癌症,其中所述式(I)的化合物与至少一种可能引起DNA断裂的另外的抗肿瘤物质同时、分开或依次施用,所述另外的抗肿瘤物质选自顺铂、奥沙利铂、卡铂、戊柔比星、伊达比星、多柔比星、吡柔比星、伊立替康、拓扑替康、氨柔比星、表柔比星、依托泊苷、丝裂霉素、苯达莫司汀、苯丁酸氮芥、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、卡莫司汀、美法仑、博来霉素、奥拉帕尼、卢卡帕尼、尼拉帕尼、他佐帕利、帕米帕利、派姆单抗、纳武单抗、西米普利单抗、斯巴达珠单抗、信迪利单抗、替雷利珠单抗、多塔利单抗、阿特珠单抗、阿维鲁单抗、德瓦鲁单抗、AZD1775、VX-970、BAY1895344和AZD6738。
9.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于所述疾病是成胶质细胞瘤、弥漫性内源性脑桥胶质瘤、星形细胞瘤、少突神经胶质瘤、室管膜瘤、脑膜瘤、垂体腺瘤、前庭神经鞘瘤和成神经管细胞瘤。
10.一种需要此类治疗的癌症的治疗方法,所述方法包括与其他治疗同时、分开或依次施用治疗有效量的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
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