CN116023338A - 一类具抑菌剂活性的磺酰脲类化合物的合成及应用 - Google Patents
一类具抑菌剂活性的磺酰脲类化合物的合成及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
本发明涉及一类磺酰脲类抑菌剂的发现与应用,结构通式如I,式中个取代基团的定义见说明书。本发明的目的在于提供一类对人和哺乳动物安全无毒的新型磺酰脲类抑菌剂,该类化合物对白色念珠菌、金酿酒酵母菌和近平滑假丝酵母菌等具有强大的抑菌活性,可用于制备新型抗菌药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类具抑菌剂活性的磺酰脲类化合物的合成及应用。
背景技术
20世纪70年代,美国杜邦公司的Levitt G.最早发现了磺酰脲类除草剂,1981年,第一个商品化品种氯磺隆问世,标志着除草剂发展进入了超高效时代,该类除草剂因为具有超高效、低毒、广谱、高选择性等特点受到广泛应用。该类化合物单一靶向乙酰乳酸合成酶(AHAS),AHAS除了在植物体内广泛存在外,AHAS也在各种细菌,真菌等物种体内存在,这使得磺酰脲类化合物通过抑制AHAS而表现出抑菌活性成为可能。可以推测,如果能够干扰微生物的AHAS酶功能,将能够阻断其自身合成支链氨基酸(缬氨酸、亮氨酸及异亮氨酸)的途径;并且许多研究表明,大量的真菌和细菌不能从外界环境获取支链氨基酸或其前体来维持生存,因此开发高活性的微生物AHAS抑制剂对于新型抗菌药物的开发具有重要意义。因其除草活性和杀菌活性具有相似的作用机制,磺酰脲类化合物作为抗菌剂也具有的高效、低毒、高选择性等特点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一类具抑菌剂活性的磺酰脲类化合物的合成及应用技术。该类化合物具有很强大的真菌抑制活性,为医用抗真菌药物的发现提供了更多可能。
本发明提供的磺酰脲类结构通式见式I:
式中:
R1选自卤素、硝基、氰基、甲基、三氟甲基、酯基、C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、卤代C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷氧基羰基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基羰基、C3-C6环烷基或N,N-(C1-C6烷基)氨基甲酰基、卤代C3-C6环烷基或N,N-(C1-C6烷基)氨基甲酰基;
R2选自H、C1-C6烷氧基羰基、N,N-(C1-C6烷基)氨基甲酰基、C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、卤代C1-C6烷硫基、氨基、C1-C6烷基胺基、C1-C6酰胺基、C1-C6磺酰胺基、C1-C6亚胺基、卤代C1-C6亚胺基、C2-C6烯基、卤代C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、卤代C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷、卤代C3-C6环烷基、C1-C6羰基、卤代C1-C6羰基、C2-C6酯基、卤代C2-C6酯基、C2-C6肟基、卤代C2-C6肟基;
R3和R4选自H、F、Cl、CH3、OCH3、OC2H5、OCH2CH2CH3、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、OCH2CF3、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、SCH3、CH=CHCH3、取代苯环,取代杂环;
X选自H、Li、Na、K、NH4、1/2Ca、1/2Mg;
Z选自CH或N
在上述衍生物的定义中,所用术语不论单独使用还是用在复合词中,代表如下取代基:
卤素为氟、氯、溴或碘;
C1-C6烷基为直链或支链烷基
卤代C1-C6烷基为直链或支链烷基,卤代C1-C6烷基上的氢原子可以部分或全部被卤原子取代;“卤代C1-C6亚胺基”、“卤代C2-C6烯基”、“卤代C2-C6炔基”、“卤代C2-C6环烷基”、“卤代C3-C6羰基”、“卤代C2-C6酯基”和“卤代C2-C6肟基”的定义与术语“卤代C1-C6烷基”相同;
C2-C6亚胺基为有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链并可在任何位置上存在碳氮双键且为E构型;
C2-C6烯基为有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链并可在任何位置上存在碳碳双键且为E构型;
C2-C6炔基为有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链并可在任何位置上存在碳碳三键;
C1-C6羰基为有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链并可在任何位置上存在碳氧双键;
C2-C6酯基为有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链并可在任何位置上存在碳氧双键;
C2-C6肟基为有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链并可在任何位置上存在碳氮双键且为E构型。
本发明的磺酰脲类化合物I按Scheme-1所示的方法合成:
通式化合物1与碳酸钾溶于有机溶剂中,加热回流得到通式化合物2,然后与取代芳胺溶于有机溶剂中,加热回流制得化合物3,将3在丙酮或二氯甲烷中与相应的碱反应得通式化合物I。反应式中各基团如权利要求1中的定义。
如权利要求3所述的磺酰脲类衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于所述的有机溶剂选自丙酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、苯、甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、乙腈、1,4-二氧六环、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜,甲基叔丁基醚、乙醚或石油醚。
所述任何一种磺酰脲类衍生物均可用于制备抗真菌抑制剂,防除医源性致病真菌。
本发明提供的磺酰脲衍生物作为活性成分配以医药可以接受的助剂组成的药物组合物用于医源性致病真菌的防治。
本发明的技术效果是:提供了一类医用磺酰脲类杀菌剂的合成及应用技术。该类化合物具有强大的白色念珠菌,酿酒酵母菌和近平滑假丝酵母菌等抑制活性,为医用抗真菌药物的发现提供了更多可能。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例来进一步说明本发明,其目的是能更好的理解本发明的内容及体现本发明的实质性特点,因此所举之例不应视为对本发明保护范围的限制。
实施例1
2-氯-5-乙烯基苯磺酰胺甲酸乙酯的合成:
在100mL单口圆底烧瓶中,将2-氯-5-乙烯基苯磺酰胺(2.18g,0.01mol)、碳酸钾(2.76g,0.02mol)溶到30mL丙酮中,然后加入氯甲酸乙酯(1.30g,0.012mol),加热回流6小时,减压浓缩除去溶剂丙酮,剩余物加入乙醚与水的混合溶剂(50mL,v/v=l∶1)溶解,分液去掉乙醚层,水层用盐酸调节pH至3左右,有固体析出,抽滤,干燥得到白色固体,直接用于下一步反应。
实施例2
1-(2-氯-5-乙烯基苯基磺酰基)-3-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3-嘧啶-2-基)脲的合成:
在100mL单口圆底烧瓶中,将2-氯-5-乙烯基苯磺酰胺基甲酸乙酯(2.76g,0.01mol)、4,6-二甲氧基-2-氨基-l,3-嘧啶(0.16g,0.01mol)溶到40mL甲苯中,加热回流20小时,其间每5小时蒸出20mL甲苯并补加20mL新甲苯。反应完毕后冷却至室温,将反应液脱溶,残余物经柱色谱纯化得到目标化合物。
现将根据实施例1~2的制备方法而采用不同的原料制备的该类衍生物1~462列入表1.,部分衍生物1H NMR和13C NMR(Bruker AV-400spectrometer usingtetramethylsilane as the internal standard)、高分辨质谱数据及熔点数据列入表2。
表1.部分目标化合物I的结构
表2.部分化合物核磁和高分辨数据
实施例3.化合物对真菌最小抑制浓度MIC90的测定。
实验中采用的真菌菌株由中国科学院微生物研究所提供,其中SC5314是氟康唑敏感型的白色念珠菌株,17#和2#是对氟康唑有抗性的白色念珠菌菌株,SC XH1549是酿酒酵母菌株,ATCC22019是近平滑假丝酵母菌株。测试化合物为2,3,9,23,41,42,43,44,49,282,284,290,385,387,394和对照药氟康唑及两性霉素B。
首先通过纸片扩散法来初步测定磺酰脲化合物的抗真菌活性。将10μL且体积1nM的待测化合物置于接种板上,在35℃下培养24h,48h和72h,读取抑制带。
再采用肉汤桸释法测定化合物对白色念珠菌的最小抑制浓度MIC90,以无菌DMSO为溶剂配制化合物母液,使之在YNB(YeastNitrogen Base without Amino Acids)培养基中的最终浓度呈现一系列浓度梯度。YNB培养基加入终浓度为0.5%的葡萄糖和100mM的硫酸铵。从培养48h的培养皿上挑取1个真菌株置于5mL的除菌水当中,在530nm下测量浑浊度,采用0.5%麦氏标准管将浊度调制1×106~5×106CFU/mL,然后接种液的浊度用YNB培养基桸释至约104CFU/mL,96孔板在35℃下培养72小时。分别在24小时、48小时和72小时读取浊度值,抑制真菌生长的最低浓度得以计算。每个个浓度平行测定三次。
作为对照,也采用RPMI(Roswell Park Memorial Institute)1640和YPD(yeastpeptone dextrose)标准培养基对化合物的抑菌活性进行类似条件的测定,由于RPMI 1640培养基当中含有支链氨基酸(缬氨酸,亮氨酸和异亮氨酸),可以评价支链氨基酸对化合物抑菌活性的影响。
表3.不同化合物对白色念珠菌SC 5314在不同培养基中24h时的MIC90
表3.不同化合物对白色念珠菌SC 5314在不同培养基中24h时的MIC90
从表3活性数据可知大部分所测试化合物对白色念珠菌SC314在RPMI 1640,YPD和YNB培养基中具有强大的抑菌活性,总的来说在YNB培养基中的抑菌活性最优,其次为在RPMI 1640培养基中的抑制活性,最后是在YPD培养基中的抑菌活性。这也说明磺酰脲类化合物对白色念珠菌抑制的作用靶标为AHAS。在YNB培养基中,化合物2、3、22、23、41、42、43、44、49、284、290、385、387及388的MIC90与两性霉素B相当或超越,并且优于氟康唑(2-5倍),尤其是化合物3和42的MIC90是两性霉素B的5倍以上;除化合物9和394外所有化合物的MIC90都优于氟康唑(1-30)倍以上,尤其是化合物3和42的MIC90是氟康唑的30倍以上;在RPMI1640培养基中,化合物2、3、22、23、41、42、44、284和385的MIC90与两性霉素B相当或超越,并且并且优于氟康唑(2-10倍),尤其是化合物44的MIC90是氟康唑的30倍以上;在YPD培养基中,化合物42、43、44、49和284的MIC90与两性霉素B相当,并且是氟康唑的2-5倍。
表4.目标化合物对不同来源真菌菌株在YNB培养基中不同时段的MIC90
表4.目标化合物对不同来源真菌菌株在YNB培养基中不同时段的MIC90
NA表示无抑制活性
从表4活性数据可知所测试化合物在YNB培养基中除对氟康唑敏感型的白色念珠菌株SC5314具有强大的抑菌活性,同时对对氟康唑有抗性的白色念珠菌菌株17#和2#同样具有强大的抑菌活性,对酿酒酵母菌株SC XH1549及近平滑假丝酵母菌株ATCC22019也显示了同样强大的抑菌活性。但随着时间的延长磺酰脲类化合物MIC有所下降,其中化合物3、42及44在24h时对上述5种菌株的MIC90在0.05μg/mL水平(化合物44对近平滑假丝酵母菌株ATCC22019的MIC90为0.1μg/mL)。化合物3在48h时对上述5种菌株仍保持在0.05μg/mL水平,抑菌活性基本没有下降,在72h时,MIC90为0.39μg/mL-0.78μg/mL。化合物42在48h时对上述5种菌株仍保持在0.05μg/mL-0.1μg/mL水平,抑菌活性基本没有下降,在72h时,MIC90为0.05μg/mL-0.3μg/mL,值得注意的是,在24h、48h及72h化合物42对白色念珠菌SC5314 MIC90始终保持在<0.05μg/mL水平。化合物44在48h时对上述5种菌株仍保持在0.1μg/mL-0.3μg/mL水平,在72h时,MIC90为0.3μg/mL。总体看来,3、42及44随着时间延长MIC90虽有所下降,但幅度不大。氟康唑随着时间的增长抑菌活性迅速消失,而两性霉素B的抑制活性不随时间变化而变化。
Claims (6)
1.一类如下通式I表示的磺酰脲类衍生物:
式中:
R1选自卤素、硝基、氰基、甲基、三氟甲基、酯基、C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、卤代C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷氧基羰基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基羰基、C3-C6环烷基或N,N-(C1-C6烷基)氨基甲酰基、卤代C3-C6环烷基或N,N-(C1-C6烷基)氨基甲酰基;
R2选自H、C1-C6烷氧基羰基、N,N-(C1-C6烷基)氨基甲酰基、C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、卤代C1-C6烷硫基、氨基、C1-C6烷基胺基、C1-C6酰胺基、C1-C6磺酰胺基、C1-C6亚胺基、卤代C1-C6亚胺基、C2-C6烯基、卤代C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、卤代C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷、卤代C3-C6环烷基、C1-C6羰基、卤代C1-C6羰基、C2-C6酯基、卤代C2-C6酯基、C2-C6肟基、卤代C2-C6肟基;
R3和R4选自H、F、Cl、CH3、OCH3、OC2H5、OCH2CH2CH3、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、OCH2CF3、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、SCH3、CH=CHCH3、取代苯环、取代杂环;
X选自H、Li、Na、K、NH4、1/2Ca、1/2Mg;
Z选自CH或N。
2.根据权利要求1所述磺酰脲类衍生物,其特征在于:所述衍生物中的卤素为氟、氯、溴或碘;C1-C6烷基为直链或支链烷基;卤代C1-C6烷基为直链或支链烷基,卤代C1-C6烷基上的氢原子可以部分或全部被卤原子取代;“卤代C1-C6亚胺基”、“卤代C2-C6烯基”、“卤代C2-C6炔基”、“卤代C2-C6环烷基”、“卤代C3-C6羰基”、“卤代C2-C6酯基”和“卤代C2-C6肟基”的定义与术语“卤代C1-C6烷基”相同;C2-C6亚胺基为有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链并可在任何位置上存在碳氮双键且为E构型;C2-C6烯基为有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链并可在任何位置上存在碳碳双键且为E构型;C2-C6炔基为有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链并可在任何位置上存在碳碳三键;C1-C6羰基为有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链并可在任何位置上存在碳氧双键;C2-C6酯基为有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链并可在任何位置上存在碳氧双键;C2-C6肟基为有2-6个碳原子的直链或支链并可在任何位置上存在碳氮双键且为E构型。
4.一类根据权利要求1-2所述的磺酰脲类衍生物,其特征在于可作为白色念珠菌,酿酒酵母菌和近平滑假丝酵母菌等抑制剂的用途,可用作一类抗菌药物。
5.一类抗菌药物,其特征在于它含有权利要求1和2所述的化合物以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体;所述载体包括药学领域常规的稀释剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、吸附载体、润滑剂或增效剂等。
6.根据权利要求5所述的抗菌药物,其特征在于它是含所述抗菌药物的注射剂、片剂、丸剂、胶囊、悬浮或乳剂等。
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