CN116011085B - Urban community landscape greening three-dimensional visual planning method based on ecological benefits - Google Patents
Urban community landscape greening three-dimensional visual planning method based on ecological benefits Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological benefit-based three-dimensional visual planning method for urban community landscaping, which is applied to the field of urban ecological evaluation and planning and comprises the following steps: constructing an urban community landscape greening database; simulating ecological benefits of urban community landscaping under different vegetation types and different combination modes based on an urban community landscaping database; according to ecological benefit simulation of urban community landscaping under different vegetation types and different combination modes, combining CAD base map and SU model built by urban community planning, and forming real-time three-dimensional visualization of urban community landscaping under different vegetation types and different combination modes. The invention can provide technical support for more reasonable and accurate landscape construction planning, high-efficiency development of ecological benefits of vegetation and three-dimensional visualization, and theoretical basis and technical support for guiding community landscape greening and planning design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of urban ecological evaluation and planning, in particular to an urban community landscape greening three-dimensional visual planning method based on ecological benefits.
Background
In the context of global climate change and rapid urbanization, flood disasters, high temperature stress, water resource shortages and air pollution have proven to be the most influential and serious hazards in global urban clusters or large cities. From the viewpoints of ecology, emission reduction and health, scientifically planning cities has become an important proposition for urban planners. However, the landscaping of living areas can exert various key ecological benefits, mainly including increasing the amount of carbon, improving urban microclimate, such as reducing temperature, increasing humidity, etc., absorbing dust and harmful gases to purify air, reducing surface runoff caused by rainwater, etc. The communities are basic unit cells of urban society, and the occupancy rate of the living land in each urban construction land in China is generally more than 30 percent and is far higher than that of other lands. Through photosynthesis, green plants can convert carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into organic matter constituting plant bodies, i.e., carbon fixation. However, the landscaping made of different kinds of plants may have very different carbon fixing capacities. The carbon fixing capability of different tree species and different combined vegetation is analyzed in a refined mode, landscape construction can be planned more reasonably and accurately, and carbon fixing and other ecological benefits of the vegetation can be effectively exerted. Most of planning and planting of community vegetation at the present stage still takes landscaping as a dominant factor, and neglects the ecological benefit of the vegetation. Quantitative evaluation of ecological services is always a difficult problem to be solved.
In the prior art, the characteristics of the digital modularization of the application components of the building information model BIM (Building Information Modeling) are utilized, and the space design is carried out through the participation of users. Based on the 3D design concept, the relevant building model is built by collecting basic information of engineering information. The stakeholders of the final project can clearly understand the whole project through the 3D model. However, when planning the whole low-carbon community, the operation mode of the low-carbon building is required to be considered from the full life cycle, and the comprehensive consideration is required to be carried out from the aspects of low-carbon target planning, low-carbon landscape design effect evaluation and the like. However, at present, no technical method is available for finely calculating carbon fixation and other ecological benefits of landscape greening and realizing three-dimensional visual display based on a BIM platform.
Therefore, how to provide an ecological benefit-based three-dimensional visual planning method for urban community landscaping, which assists a greening design industry or practitioners in the planning design industry to perform greening design so as to obtain a landscape layout with optimal carbon fixation and other ecological benefits is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an urban community landscape greening three-dimensional visual planning method based on ecological benefits.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The three-dimensional visual planning method for urban community landscaping based on ecological benefits comprises the following steps:
step (1): and constructing an urban community landscape greening database.
Step (2): based on the urban community landscape greening database, simulating ecological benefits of urban community landscape greening under different vegetation types and different combination modes.
Step (3): and according to the ecological benefit simulation of the urban community landscape greening under different vegetation types and different combination modes, combining the CAD base map and the SU model of urban community planning construction, and forming the real-time three-dimensional visualization of the urban community landscape greening under different vegetation types and different combination modes.
Optionally, in step (1), the urban community landscape greening database includes: urban community landscape greening vegetation database and urban meteorological parameters.
The urban community landscape greening vegetation database comprises: chinese name, latin school name, growth type, vegetation classification, individual plant carbon fixation, carbon fixation per unit land area, breast diameter, height, crown width, arbor biomass equation and planting cost.
Urban meteorological parameters include: the average annual month concentration of carbon monoxide, the average annual month concentration of PM2.5, the average annual month concentration of PM10, and the rainfall.
The growth type comprises: evergreen and fallen leaves.
The vegetation classification includes: arbor, shrub, and herb.
Optionally, in the step (2), the urban community landscape greening of different vegetation types and different combination modes includes: single arbor, single shrub, single herb, arbor and shrub combination, qiao Cao combination, and arbor and shrub combination.
The single arbor includes: single distribution, mixed distribution, single linear distribution, and mixed linear distribution.
The single shrub includes: including single centralized distribution, single closed distribution, mixed centralized distribution, mixed closed distribution, single linear distribution, and mixed linear distribution.
The arbor and shrub combination includes closed distribution, semi-closed distribution and open distribution.
The grass irrigation combination comprises centralized distribution, closed distribution, semi-closed distribution and open distribution.
Qiao Cao combinations include solitary planting distributions and tufted distributions.
The arbor and shrub combination comprises opposite planting distribution, closed distribution, open distribution, cluster planting distribution and semi-closed distribution.
Optionally, in step (2), the ecological benefit includes: carbon fixation amount of vegetation, removal amount of air pollutants, rainfall interception amount and cooling benefit in summer.
Optionally, the carbon sequestration amount of vegetation is as follows:
Static carbon fixation amount of plants:
G Arbor ＝n×Cin；
C Irrigation device ＝s Irrigation device ×Cis Irrigation device ；
C Grass of grass ＝s Grass of grass ×Cis Grass of grass ；
C Static state ＝ΣC Arbor +ΣC Irrigation device +Σc Grass of grass ；
Wherein, C Arbor is arbor carbon fixation amount, and the unit is kg/yr; n is the number of plants of the arbor; c n is the carbon fixation amount of a single plant of arbor i, and the unit is kg/plant/yr; c Irrigation device is the carbon sequestration of the shrubs in kg/yr; s Irrigation device is the vegetation area of the shrubs, the unit is m 2;Cs Irrigation device is the carbon sequestration amount of the vegetation area of the shrubs i, the unit is kg/m 2/yr;C Grass of grass is the carbon sequestration amount of the plants, and the unit is kg/yr; s Grass of grass is the vegetation area of the vegetation, the unit is m 2;Cs Grass of grass is the carbon fixation amount of the vegetation area of the vegetation i, and the unit is kg/m 2/yr.
Plant dynamic carbon fixation amount:
C Arbor ＝n×0.5×Wi；
C Irrigation device ＝s Irrigation device ×Cs Irrigation device ；
C Grass of grass ＝s Grass of grass ×Cs Grass of grass ；
C Dynamic movement ＝∑C Arbor +∑C Irrigation device +∑C Grass of grass ；
Where W I is the biomass equation for arbor i.
Optionally, the air stain removal amount includes: carbon monoxide removal amount, PM2.5 removal amount, PM10 removal amount.
F＝Vd×B；
Wherein F is the flux of the contaminant, the unit is g/m 2/s;Vd is the deposition speed, and the unit is m/s; b is the concentration of the pollutant, and the unit is g/m 3; wherein, the calculation formula of V d is as follows:
Wherein R a is the sum of aerodynamic boundary layers; r b is a quasi-laminar boundary layer; r c is canopy resistance; the hour estimates for R a and R b were calculated using standard resistance formulas and hourly weather data, and the R a and R b effects were small relative to R c, negligible, resulting in:
Vd＝1/Rc。
Optionally, the rainfall cut-off is a annual canopy cut-off as follows:
The Iv t is annual rainfall interception quantity, and the unit is m 3; a is the area of a research area, and the unit is m 2; TC is tree coverage, expressed as vegetation area/greening area 100%; pt t is annual canopy precipitation, pt t = Pt (1-G), in m/yr; wherein Pt is annual precipitation, and the unit is m/yr; g is a canopy coverage score associated with canopy LAI, g=1-e -kLAI; wherein k is an extinction coefficient, 0.7 is taken by a single arbor, 0.3 is taken by a single shrub, and 0.5 is taken by a arbor-shrub combination; LAI is expressed as the ratio of the vegetation area to the area of the green area.
Optionally, the cooling benefit in summer is as follows:
ΔQz＝ΔTz×pc×24；
THQ is total amount of cooling and heat absorbing of greenbelt vegetation in summer, and the unit is J; p c is the volumetric heat capacity of air, the unit is J/(m 3·℃);ΔQz) is the daily cooling and heat absorbing capacity of the z green land, the unit is J/(m 2·d);ΔTz) is the daily cooling amplitude of the z green land, the unit is the temperature, A z is the area of the z green land, and the unit is m 2.
M＝0.278×10-6×THQ×p；
Wherein M is the summer cooling benefit of the z-th green land, and the unit is yuan/year; p is the electricity price of residents, and the unit is Yuan/(KW.h).
Optionally, in the step (3), the urban community landscaping real-time three-dimensional visualization under different vegetation types and different combination modes comprises: and (5) calculating ecological benefits and rendering display results.
Optionally, rendering the display result into a file based on the obj format imported by the Bently platform, making a three-dimensional vegetation model, and constructing a model library to realize one-key addition of different vegetation types and different combination modes so as to achieve real-time three-dimensional visualization.
Compared with the prior art, the three-dimensional visualization planning method for urban community landscaping based on ecological benefits can provide technical support for more reasonable and accurate planning of landscaping construction, high-efficiency development of ecological benefits of vegetation and three-dimensional visualization, and theoretical basis and technical support for guiding community landscaping and planning design.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of calculating the greening ecological benefits of the urban community landscape.
Fig. 3 is a schematic design diagram of a scheme for three-dimensional visualization of urban community landscape greening.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
The embodiment 1 of the invention discloses an urban community landscape greening three-dimensional visual planning method based on ecological benefits, which is shown in fig. 1 and comprises the following steps:
Step (1): and constructing an urban community landscape greening database through data collection, data calibration, data comparison, data rejection and other methods.
The urban community landscape greening database comprises: urban community landscape greening vegetation database and urban meteorological parameters.
The urban community landscape greening vegetation is derived from vegetation commonly used in the landscape greening of the city where the community is located, and the collected vegetation is different in different cities due to different climates and soil properties, so that the urban community landscape greening vegetation directory is derived from regional investigation.
The urban community landscape greening vegetation database comprises: chinese name, latin's name, growth type, vegetation classification, single plant carbon fixation amount, carbon fixation amount per unit land area, breast diameter, height, crown width, arbor biomass equation and planting cost; the Chinese names, latin's names and growth type are based on the record of Chinese biological marks; biomass equations corresponding to different trees are referred to (see data set provided by Luo,Yunjian etal."ChinAllomeTree1.0:China's normalized tree biomass equation dataset."Earth System Science DataDiscussions(2019):1-75); vegetation planting cost is referred to current annual price published by the Chinese garden network; vegetation growth includes evergreen and fallen leaves; vegetation classification includes trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation).
Urban meteorological parameters include: the average annual month concentration of carbon monoxide, the average annual month concentration of PM2.5, the average annual month concentration of PM10, and the rainfall.
Step (2): based on the urban community landscape greening database, simulating ecological benefits of urban community landscape greening under different vegetation types and different combination modes.
Urban community landscaping of different vegetation types and different combination modes comprises: single arbor, single shrub, single herb, arbor and shrub combination, qiao Cao combination, and arbor and shrub combination.
The planting pattern was set as follows. Since the typical planting pitch of middle-aged trees is 5m, the shrub pitch is 2.5m, and the single module occupation area is set as follows: 10X 10m. Plant configuration is performed in the module and is divided into a single arbor, a single shrub, and a single herb in consideration of different spatial structures. Combined type: arbor and shrub, qiao Cao, shrub and shrub. In practical designs, plants may often be divided into different combinations. Wherein the vertical structure of the plant community is the vertical differentiation of the community in space, reflecting the layered structure of tree species in the community. The arbor and shrub type plant belongs to a three-layer structure mode, the Qiao Cao type plant, the arbor and shrub type plant and the shrub type plant belong to a double-layer structure mode, and the single arbor type plant, the single shrub type plant and the single shrub type plant belong to a single-layer structure mode; urban community landscaping of different vegetation types and different combination modes comprises:
the single arbor includes: single distribution, mixed distribution, single linear distribution, and mixed linear distribution.
The single shrub includes: including single centralized distribution, single closed distribution, mixed centralized distribution, mixed closed distribution, single linear distribution, and mixed linear distribution.
The arbor and shrub combination includes closed distribution, semi-closed distribution and open distribution.
The grass irrigation combination comprises centralized distribution, closed distribution, semi-closed distribution and open distribution.
Qiao Cao combinations include solitary planting distributions and tufted distributions.
The arbor and shrub combination comprises opposite planting distribution, closed distribution, open distribution, cluster planting distribution and semi-closed distribution.
The ecological benefits include: carbon fixation amount of vegetation, removal amount of air pollutants, rainfall interception amount and cooling benefit in summer.
The vegetation carbon fixation amount comprises a plant static carbon fixation amount and a plant dynamic carbon fixation amount, wherein the plant static carbon fixation amount refers to calculation based on a carbon fixation amount database corresponding to vegetation under the collected specific morphological parameters, and the annual change of the carbon fixation amount of the vegetation in the growth process is not considered; the dynamic carbon fixation amount of plants refers to the carbon fixation amount change caused by the morphological parameter change under the consideration of vegetation growth, and at this time, the carbon fixation amount is not a fixed value along with the annual vegetation growth, and is as follows:
Static carbon fixation amount of plants:
C Arbor ＝n×Cin；
C Irrigation device ＝s Irrigation device ×Cis Irrigation device ；
C Grass of grass ＝s Grass of grass ×Cis Grass of grass ；
C Static state ＝∑C Arbor +∑C Irrigation device +∑C Grass of grass ；
Wherein, C Arbor is arbor carbon fixation amount, and the unit is kg/yr; n is the number of plants of the arbor; c n is the carbon fixation amount of a single plant of arbor i, and the unit is kg/plant/yr; c Irrigation device is the carbon sequestration of the shrubs in kg/yr; s Irrigation device is the vegetation area of the shrubs, the unit is m 2;Cs Irrigation device is the carbon sequestration amount of the vegetation area of the shrubs i, the unit is kg/m 2/yr;C Grass of grass is the carbon sequestration amount of the plants, and the unit is kg/yr; s Grass of grass is the vegetation area of the vegetation, the unit is m 2;Cs Grass of grass is the carbon fixation amount of the vegetation area of the vegetation i, and the unit is kg/m 2/yr.
The dynamic carbon fixation amount of plants considers the frequency of pruning and updating the shrubs and the herbaceous vegetation, so that the shrubs and the herbaceous vegetation still adopt the annual average carbon fixation amount of each vegetation in the unit of land area when calculating the dynamic carbon fixation amount of the vegetation. The arbor has long growth period and long existence time, so that the biomass is calculated according to biomass equations and specific morphological parameters of different arbor in calculation and then converted into a carbon fixation value:
C Arbor ＝n×0.5×Wi；
C Irrigation device ＝s Irrigation device ×Cs Irrigation device ；
C Grass of grass ＝s Grass of grass ×Cs Grass of grass ；
C Dynamic movement ＝ΣC Arbor +ΣC Irrigation device +ΣC Grass of grass ；
Where W I is the biomass equation for arbor i.
As shown in fig. 2, when calculating the dynamic carbon sequestration amount of arbor, morphological parameters need to be input, and the required arbor morphological parameters are found to include the chest diameter and the tree height according to the form of biomass equation. For example, the biomass equation for ginkgo as referred to in this dataset is expressed as w=a+b (D2*H), where a and b are given parameters 0.6840, 0.0900, respectively.
When calculating the annual change carbon sequestration amount of the arbor, the morphological parameters of the arbor are changed due to the growth of the tree, and for the change of the breast diameter D, the tree species with medium growth speed is 0.84 cm/year, and d1=d0+0.84 is the next year; if the formula does not only have the variable D, but also has the variable tree height H, H is considered to be unchanged, mainly because the trees of the community in real life are built regularly in order to maintain a certain form.
In addition, there is some competition for illumination due to the trees living together. So revision D is made here: two situations are distinguished: ① Linear distribution of growing trees: then d1=d0+0.84 remains for the next year. ② Nonlinear (sheet-like) distribution of growing trees: d1=d0+0.47 the next year.
In particular, when the breast diameter of a tree exceeds 80% of its maximum breast diameter, the annual breast diameter growth rate is reduced to 2.22% of full growth. Then the annual growth is di=di-1+2.22% 0.84. Maximum chest diameter reference data set.
The air dirt removal amount includes: carbon monoxide removal amount, PM2.5 removal amount, PM10 removal amount;
F＝Vd×B；
Wherein F is the flux of the contaminant, the unit is g/m 2/s;Vd is the deposition speed, and the unit is m/s; b is the concentration of the pollutant, and the unit is g/m 3; wherein, the calculation formula of V d is as follows:
Wherein R a is the sum of aerodynamic boundary layers; r b is a quasi-laminar boundary layer; r c is canopy resistance (see Nowak,David J.."Estimating leaf area and leaf biomass of open-grown deciduous urban trees."ForestScience 42(1996):504-507);Ra and R b hour estimates using standard resistance formulas (see Killus,JP.Continued Research in Mesoscale Air Pollution Simulation Modeling.Research Triangle Park,NC:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory,1985.Print.) and hourly weather data calculations, R a and R b effects are small relative to R c and therefore are ignored in the calculation, resulting in:
Vd＝1/Rc；
Since particulate matter removal of carbon monoxide has no direct relation to transpiration, R c of carbon monoxide is set to 50000s/m in the leaf season and 1000000s/m in the fallen leaves season according to the data of R.G.S.Bidwell and D.E.Fraser.Carbon monoxide uptake and metabolism by leaves.Canadian Journal of Botany.50(7):1435-1439) for PM2.5 and PM10 for the literature (see Lovett,Gary M."Atmospheric Deposition of Nutrients and Pollutants in North America:An Ecological Perspective."Ecological Applications4(1994):629-650) for a median deposition rate of 0.0128m/s in the leaf season, considering a 50% re-suspension rate of particles back to the atmosphere (see P.J.Zinke,"Forest Interception Studies in the United States,"In:W.E.Sopper and H.W.Lull,Eds.,International Symposium on Forest Hydrology,Pergamon Press,New York,1967,pp.137-161),Vd set to 0.064 m/s).
According to the change of the growth state of the general vegetation along with the seasonality, 3 months to 10 months in one year are considered to belong to the in-leaf seasons of the vegetation when the vegetation is removed, and 11 months, 12 months, 1 month and 2 months are considered to be the fallen leaf seasons of the vegetation. The flux of decrease in the moon contamination for the in-leaf season and the fallen leaf season is calculated as follows:
intra-leaf season (3-10 months):
the defoliation season (11 months, 12 months, 1 month and 2 months):
Wherein F i is the reduction amount of CO in the month, and the unit is g; b is the concentration of CO in mg/m 3; s is the area of the region, and the unit is m 2.
Pollutant CO reduction for one year:
F Year of life ＝(F1+…F12)/1000；
wherein F Year of life is the annual pollutant CO reduction amount, and the unit is Kg; f 1…F12 represents the reduction amount of CO in g in 1 month to 12 months, respectively.
The rainfall interception amount is the annual canopy interception amount, and is as follows:
The Iv t is annual rainfall interception quantity, and the unit is m 3; a is the area of a research area, and the unit is m 2; TC is tree coverage, expressed as vegetation area/greening area 100%; pt t is annual canopy precipitation, pt t = Pt (1-G), in m/yr; wherein Pt is annual precipitation, and the unit is m/yr; g is a canopy coverage score associated with canopy LAI, g=1-e -kLAI; where k is the extinction coefficient, 0.7 for arbor and 0.3 for shrub, thus 0.7 for single arbor, 0.3 for single shrub, and 0.5 for arbor and shrub combination; LAI is expressed as the ratio of the vegetation area to the area of the green area.
The ratio of the vegetation occupation area to the greening area is calculated, and the numerical values corresponding to the vegetation combination modes are related to the vegetation combination modes, as shown in table 1.
TABLE1 ratio of vegetation floor area to greening area under different vegetation combinations
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The cooling benefit in summer is as follows:
ΔQz＝ΔTz×pc×24；
THQ is total amount of cooling and heat absorbing of greenbelt vegetation in summer, and the unit is J; p c is the volumetric heat capacity of air, the unit is J/(m 3·℃);ΔQz) is the daily cooling and heat absorbing capacity of the z green land, the unit is J/(m 2·d);ΔTz) is the daily cooling amplitude of the z green land, the unit is the temperature, A z is the area of the z green land, and the unit is m 2;
M＝0.278×10-6×THQ×p；
Wherein M is the summer cooling benefit of the z-th green land, and the unit is yuan/year; p is the electricity price of residents, and the unit is Yuan/(KW.h).
Step (3): according to the ecological benefit simulation of the urban community landscape greening under different vegetation types and different combination modes, the CAD base map and the SU model of urban community planning construction are combined to form the real-time three-dimensional visualization of the urban community landscape greening under different vegetation types and different combination modes, the function of updating at one place is realized, and the rapid visual rendering technology is developed.
The urban community landscaping real-time three-dimensional visualization under different vegetation types and different combination modes comprises the following steps: and (5) calculating ecological benefits and rendering display results.
Rendering the display result into a file based on the Bently platform importing obj format, making a three-dimensional vegetation model, and constructing a model library to realize one-key addition of different combination modes so as to realize the display of real-time three-dimensional effects. Bentley is a software product that provides a range of applications for construction, engineering, infrastructure, and construction. Plays a major role in civil engineering, construction and equipment markets. Bentley has good ability to apply B-spline surfaces and solid modeling. Its rendering engine runs fast and can make high quality rendering and simulation effect. For drawing generation, the method can well support 2D deepening and labeling in a 3D model section.
In three-dimensional modeling of vegetation, arbor and shrub vegetation use (see Zhihao liu. Sktech-based PlantModelingSotfware, 2016) employs a program developed by c++/OpenGL; herbaceous vegetation uses (see He Zhenbang, cheng Zhanglin. Rapid plant modeling based on hand sketch [ J ]. Integrated technology, 2021,10 (06): 58-73) developed techniques based on hand sketch rapid plant modeling.
Firstly, carrying out double-click opening sketch based tree modeling, then drawing a skeleton sketch of a plant on the left side of an interface, selecting the position of a root node after drawing, framing all areas of a crown, and then sequentially clicking a 2D skeleton and a 3D skeleton; clicking iteration generation to generate smaller branches according to the need, clicking to generate leaves, adjusting the size of the leaves according to the need, clicking to add textures of leaves and trunks, generating a vegetation model on the right side, clicking to export after generating the model, and forming an obj file. And packaging all needed vegetation forming corresponding obj files so as to quickly call when the Bently platform is imported.
As shown in fig. 3, when the three-dimensional effect of vegetation is shown and the vegetation rendering diagram is shown in the three-dimensional SU model, the vegetation spatial organization based on parameterized vector layer management can rapidly define and arrange the spatial positions of various vegetation in the two-dimensional and three-dimensional community landscape according to the composition characteristics of the field vegetation. And carrying out parameterized layout management, namely carrying out constraint planting of vegetation according to parameterized data of different combination modes of planar area distribution, linear road vectors and vegetation. The vector data includes the following attributes of vegetation type, combination mode, area, boundary point, planting interval, etc. After the parameterized vector layer is constructed, when the three-dimensional vegetation model is imported into a scene, coordinates corresponding to each vegetation can be obtained according to related requirements of a user for placement, and accurate vegetation placement is performed after planting points of each vegetation are obtained. And other vegetation can be replaced, and the three-dimensional display is correspondingly changed.
The embodiment of the invention discloses an urban community landscape greening three-dimensional visual planning method based on ecological benefits, which can provide technical support for more reasonable and accurate landscape construction planning, high-efficiency development of ecological benefits of vegetation and three-dimensional visualization, and theoretical basis and technical support for guiding community landscape greening and planning design.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. The urban community landscape greening three-dimensional visual planning method based on ecological benefits is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step (1): constructing an urban community landscape greening database;
step (2): simulating ecological benefits of urban community landscaping under different vegetation types and different combination modes based on the urban community landscaping database;
Step (3): according to the ecological benefit simulation of the urban community landscape greening under different vegetation types and different combination modes, combining with a CAD base map and an SU model of urban community planning construction, forming real-time three-dimensional visualization of the urban community landscape greening under different vegetation types and different combination modes;
in the step (1), the urban community landscape greening database comprises: urban community landscape greening vegetation database and urban meteorological parameters;
The urban community landscape greening vegetation database comprises: chinese name, latin's name, growth type, vegetation classification, single plant carbon fixation amount, carbon fixation amount per unit land area, breast diameter, height, crown width, arbor biomass equation and planting cost;
the city weather parameters include: a month average concentration of carbon monoxide throughout the year, a month average concentration of PM2.5 throughout the year, a month average concentration of PM10 throughout the year, and a rainfall;
the growth type comprises: evergreen and fallen leaves;
the vegetation classification comprises: arbor, shrub, and herb;
In the step (2), the urban community landscape greening of different vegetation types and different combination modes comprises: single arbor, single shrub, single herb, arbor-shrub combination, qiao Cao combination, and arbor-shrub combination;
the single arbor includes: single distribution, mixed distribution, single linear distribution, and mixed linear distribution;
the single shrub includes: including single centralized distribution, single closed distribution, mixed centralized distribution, mixed closed distribution, single linear distribution, and mixed linear distribution;
The arbor-shrub combination comprises closed distribution, semi-closed distribution and open distribution;
the grass irrigation combination comprises centralized distribution, closed distribution, semi-closed distribution and open distribution;
the Qiao Cao combinations include solitary planting distributions and tufted distributions;
The arbor and shrub combination comprises opposite planting distribution, closed distribution, open distribution, cluster planting distribution and semi-closed distribution;
In step (2), the ecological benefit comprises: carbon fixation amount of vegetation, removal amount of air pollutants, rainfall interception amount and cooling benefit in summer;
the vegetation carbon fixation amount is as follows:
Static carbon fixation amount of plants:
C Arbor ＝n×Cin；
C Irrigation device ＝s Irrigation device ×Cis Irrigation device ；
C Grass of grass ＝s Grass of grass ×Cis Grass of grass ；
C Static state ＝∑C Arbor +∑C Irrigation device +∑C Grass of grass ；
Wherein, C Arbor is arbor carbon fixation amount, and the unit is kg/yr; n is the number of plants of the arbor; c in is the carbon fixation amount of a single plant of arbor i, and the unit is kg/plant/yr; c Irrigation device is the carbon sequestration of the shrubs in kg/yr; s Irrigation device is the vegetation area of the shrubs, the unit is m 2;Cis Irrigation device is the carbon sequestration amount of the vegetation area of the shrubs i, the unit is kg/m 2/yr;C Grass of grass is the carbon sequestration amount of the plants, and the unit is kg/yr; s Grass of grass is the vegetation area of the vegetation, the unit is m 2;Cis Grass of grass is the carbon fixation amount of the vegetation area of the vegetation i, and the unit is kg/m 2/yr;
Plant dynamic carbon fixation amount:
C Arbor ＝n×0.5×Wi；
C Irrigation device ＝s Irrigation device ×Cis Irrigation device ；
C Grass of grass ＝s Grass of grass ×Cis Grass of grass ；
C Dynamic movement ＝∑C Arbor +∑C Irrigation device +∑C Grass of grass ；
Wherein W i is the biomass equation of arbor i;
Wi＝a+b*(Di^2*H)；
Wherein a and b are given parameters of 0.6840 and 0.0900 respectively; d i＝Di-1 +0.84 for linearly distributed growing trees; d i＝Di-1 +0.47 for trees growing in a nonlinear distribution; when the chest diameter of a tree exceeds 80% of the maximum chest diameter, D i＝Di-1 +2.22% is 0.84; wherein D i is the chest diameter of the ith year; d i-1 is the chest diameter of the i-1 th year; h is tree height, and H is unchanged;
The air contaminant removal amount includes: carbon monoxide removal amount, PM2.5 removal amount, PM10 removal amount;
F＝Vd×B；
Wherein F is the flux of the contaminant, the unit is g/m 2/s;Vd is the deposition speed, and the unit is m/s; b is the concentration of the pollutant, and the unit is g/m 3; wherein, the calculation formula of V d is as follows:
Wherein R a is the sum of aerodynamic boundary layers; r b is a quasi-laminar boundary layer; r c is canopy resistance; the hour estimates for R a and R b were calculated using standard resistance formulas and hourly weather data, and the R a and R b effects were small relative to R c, negligible, resulting in:
Vd＝1/Rc；
R c is set to 50000s/m in-leaf season and 1000000s/m in fallen leaf season; the bit deposition rate was 0.0128m/s in the intra-leaf season, V d was set to 0.064m/s considering the 50% re-suspension of particles back to atmosphere;
the formula for calculating the flux of the decrease of the moon pollutants in the in-leaf season and the fallen leaf season is as follows:
season in leaves, 3 months to 10 months:
the defoliation season is 11 months, 12 months, 1 month and 2 months:
wherein F i is the reduction amount of CO, and the unit is g; b is the concentration of CO in mg/m 3; s is the area of the region, and the unit is m 2.
2. The three-dimensional visual planning method for urban community landscaping based on ecological benefits according to claim 1, wherein the rainfall interception is annual canopy interception, and is as follows:
The Iv t is annual rainfall interception quantity, and the unit is m 3; a is the area of a research area, and the unit is m 2; TC is tree coverage, expressed as vegetation area/greening area 100%; pt t is annual canopy precipitation, pt t = Pt (1-G), in m/yr; wherein Pt is annual precipitation, and the unit is m/yr; g is a canopy coverage score associated with canopy LAI, g=1-e -kLAI; wherein k is an extinction coefficient, 0.7 is taken by a single arbor, 0.3 is taken by a single shrub, and 0.5 is taken by a arbor-shrub combination; LAI is expressed as the ratio of the vegetation area to the area of the green area.
3. The three-dimensional visual planning method for urban community landscaping based on ecological benefits according to claim 1, wherein the summer cooling benefits are as follows:
ΔQz＝ΔTz×pc×24；
THQ is total amount of cooling and heat absorbing of greenbelt vegetation in summer, and the unit is J; p c is the volumetric heat capacity of air, the unit is J/(m 3·℃);ΔQz) is the daily cooling and heat absorbing capacity of the z green land, the unit is J/(m 2·d);ΔTz) is the daily cooling amplitude of the z green land, the unit is the temperature, A z is the area of the z green land, and the unit is m 2;
M＝0.278×10-6×THQ×p；
Wherein M is the summer cooling benefit of the z-th green land, and the unit is yuan/year; p is the electricity price of residents, and the unit is Yuan/(KW.h).
4. The three-dimensional visualization planning method for urban community landscaping based on ecological benefits according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the real-time three-dimensional visualization of the urban community landscaping under different vegetation types and different combination modes comprises: and (5) calculating ecological benefits and rendering display results.
5. The urban community landscaping three-dimensional visual planning method based on ecological benefits according to claim 4, wherein the display result is rendered into a file based on the obj format imported by the Bently platform, the three-dimensional vegetation model is manufactured, and a model library is built to realize one-key addition of different vegetation types and different combination modes so as to achieve real-time three-dimensional visualization.
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