CN107169590B - Urban morphological analysis and control method based on three elements of plane pattern and fractal calculation - Google Patents
Urban morphological analysis and control method based on three elements of plane pattern and fractal calculation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a city morphology analysis and control method based on three elements of a plane pattern and fractal calculation, which comprises the steps of obtaining research city map data, dividing a plurality of typical research areas, decomposing the three elements of the plane pattern, respectively carrying out fractal calculation to obtain fractal values, obtaining a histogram of the three element fractal values of the plane pattern of different research sub-areas, summarizing and summarizing the fractal characteristics of the three elements of the plane pattern of the research areas, proposing optimization suggestions, and reasonably controlling the plane pattern of a city in city planning design and management. The invention combines a three-element framework of the plane pattern with a fractal calculation method, and reasonably masters the plane pattern of the city through the quantitative data of fractal dimension values; meanwhile, the traditional urban morphology research method is combined with new technical means such as GIS and the like, the operation process is simplified, the workload is reduced, the research efficiency is improved, and the calculation result is efficient and accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of urban planning and urban management, and particularly relates to an urban morphology analysis and control method based on three elements of a planar pattern and fractal calculation.
Background
The city morphology research originates from western ethnic geography, and a morphological method is used for analyzing the social and physical environments of cities by observing and researching organic growth mechanisms of the cities, and the 'logical' connotation attribute and 'expression' extension jointly form the overall view of the city morphology. The development process of the urban three-dimensional map is from the beginning only by taking a town plan as a research subject, undergoes the update of the urban morphological theory before and after the second war, and finally develops into different morphological genres. Early studies of urban planform patterns were limited to only street or street space considerations, the internal structure of blocks was generally ignored, and the diverse phenomena masked during town expansion were ignored. Therefore, the English school (Kangze En school) applies the street, the plot and the building base plane pattern as the key research objects to the Enhank case research in the county of Nonebeund, UK for the first time, completely saves the cultural consciousness and the material carrier thereof which have historical significance in the urban landscape, and builds a comprehensive theoretical frame for the town plane layout. The frame is not only suitable for small Zhennan nike, but also suitable for the city center in the whole Europe, and the Kangze En plane pattern theory is continuously developed and improved day by day.
At present, the urban morphology is mostly used for researching the social, economic and cultural factors of cities from the perspective of historical geography, and is finally reflected in the morphological change of each component element of the cities. However, urban morphology research always stays in a qualitative research level, the combination degree of urban social, economic and cultural activity progress and quantitative characteristics in the research is insufficient, and the urban morphology characteristics and evolution lack accurate quantitative data support. In addition, the study of the planar pattern elements by means of large-scale map analysis is somewhat tedious, abstract, and has a huge amount of engineering, and it is difficult to describe the subtle city morphological changes intuitively from the map, so some scholars have tried to perform quantitative analysis on the planar pattern of the town on the basis of qualitative analysis. In recent years, with the development of information technology, quantitative analysis methods for urban morphological characteristics are emerging, and some scholars have adopted the Kangze Enplan pattern analysis method to combine with spatial syntax, MXI and the like to compare the urban morphological characteristics of different areas of new and old urban areas in a refined manner.
Fractal calculation is adopted as a quantification method, growth, self-similarity and self-organization characteristics of cities can be described, and the method is applied to the research of urban morphology in the last 90 th century, however, the method for analyzing the urban morphology is too abstract and mechanical.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an urban morphology analysis and control method based on three elements of a plane pattern and fractal calculation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a city morphology analysis control method based on three elements of a plane pattern and fractal calculation comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining map data expressing three elements of a planar pattern of a research area; the three elements of the planar layout comprise streets, plots and building bases; the map data is a CAD graph or a GIS graph;
2) dividing a plurality of sub-research areas by combining morphological characteristics of three elements of the plane pattern in the map data;
3) respectively extracting street, plot and building base plane base map elements of a research area in the map data, and importing the elements into an ArcGIS platform by using a line element file;
4) respectively calculating fractal dimension values of three elements in a research area by using a vector grid method in fractal calculation; the method comprises the following steps:
4.1) selecting a rectangular area to cover a sub-study area, and gradually dividing the area into 4nIs divided into 2 on a sidenAn aliquot of (d);
4.2) overlapping the divided n size grids with the street element base map in the ArcGIS platform respectively, and summarizing to obtain the number N (r) of non-empty grids corresponding to the grids with different sizes, wherein r represents the equal division multiple of the side length of the grids; taking natural logarithm of the data of r and N (r); introducing the obtained values of ln (R) and lnN (R) into the graph analysis software, making a linear regression graph, and solving a linear regression formula and a correlation coefficient R2(ii) a Checking a correlation coefficient, wherein the slope K of the linear regression equation is a dimension value of the street elements in the sub-research area;
4.3) overlapping the divided n size grids with the plot element base map in the ArcGIS platform respectively, and repeating the calculation process of the step 4.2) to calculate the plot element dimension values in the sub-research area;
4.4) overlapping the divided n size grids with the base map of the building base in the ArcGIS platform respectively, and repeating the calculation process of the step 4.2) to calculate the dimension values of the building base elements in the sub-research area;
4.5) selecting other sub-research areas, repeating the steps from 4.1) to 4.4), and counting to obtain fractal dimension values of three elements of all the sub-research areas;
5) importing the calculated three-element fractal dimension value list data into Excel to generate a columnar distribution diagram of the fractal dimension values D of each element in different sub-research areas; respectively calculating the average fractal dimension values of street elements, plot elements and building base elements of different sub-research areas, and sorting and visually comparing and analyzing a plurality of groups of data according to the columnar distribution map;
6) reasonable explanation is given to the digital information reflected by the columnar distribution diagram by combining the historical data information of the research area; and (3) summarizing and summarizing the fractal dimensional characteristics of three elements of the plane pattern of the research area, proposing an optimization suggestion, and reasonably managing and controlling the plane pattern of the city in the planning design and management of the city.
Preferably, n is set to 9, that is, the rectangles are divided into 9 th levels at most to form 9 sets of grids with different sizes.
Preferably, the pattern analysis software comprises Excel or SPSS.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) decomposing the three elements of the urban plane pattern, and respectively calculating the fractal dimension values to obtain a quantitative index of the urban form, and using the index for urban plane pattern management and control in urban planning design and management; meanwhile, the fractal dimension value calculation of the method can be used for comparing the urban forms of different cities or different areas of the same city;
(2) the three elements of the plane pattern provide a set of qualitative analysis framework for data difference obtained by fractal calculation, clearly distinguish the morphological difference and the quantitative characteristics of the three elements of the plane pattern in the historical evolution process, and accurately and visually describe the characteristics and the evolution development process of the urban morphology;
(3) the traditional urban morphology research method is combined with new technical means such as GIS and the like, the operation process is simplified, the workload is reduced, the research efficiency is improved, and the calculation result is efficient and accurate.
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the method for analyzing and controlling urban morphology based on three elements of a planar pattern and fractal calculation is not limited to the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a main flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a city partition diagram of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-element base map of a sub-study area planar layout according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a vector grid method calculation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a sub-study area street element vector grid partitioning in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a road network coverage fractal dimension diagram of a sub-research area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block element vector grid method meshing for a sub-study area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a plot coverage fractal dimension diagram of a sub-study area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a sub-research area building base element vector grid method meshing, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a dimensional graph of building substrate coverage for a sub-area of interest according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a histogram of the calculation result of the fractal dimension values of each area of the city according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the city morphology analysis and control method based on three elements of a plane pattern and fractal calculation of the invention includes the following steps:
1) selecting and researching city map data
The method comprises the steps of collecting and researching map data of the city, wherein the map data can be a CAD graph or a GIS graph, and three elements of a planar pattern can be accurately and finely represented by the map data. Specifically, the town plan refers to the spatial distribution of all artificial ground objects in a city building area, and comprises 3 definite plan element complexes: streets and their layout in a street system; plots and their concentration in the block and the base plane of the building (house); namely, the three elements of the planar layout comprise streets, plots and building bases.
2) Partitioning a plurality of typical study areas
And dividing a plurality of typical sub-research areas by combining morphological characteristics of three elements of a plane pattern in a map, historical data of the research areas and the like, and using the typical sub-research areas for morphological comparison among different sub-research areas or different cities. Referring to fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by taking australian peninsula as an example, and divides the whole city into 11 typical sub-research areas.
3) And respectively extracting street, plot and building base plane base map elements of a research area in the map data, importing the elements into an ArcGIS platform by using a line element file, and respectively using each element base map for the subsequent vector grid method superposition calculation. Referring to fig. 3, the area a in the australian peninsula is taken as an example.
4) And respectively calculating the fractal dimension values of the three elements of the research area by using a vector grid method in fractal calculation.
The vector grid method is to perform superposition analysis on grids and urban built-up areas in ArcGIS and calculate the number of superposed grids, namely the number of non-empty grids, by using a quadratic development language design algorithm. And outputting the obtained data to SPSS (or Excel) for graphic analysis, and calculating the fractal dimension D. The city built-up area and the grid for superposition analysis are in vector format, so the method is called vector grid method.
Fractal refers to a geometric body or an evolved morphology of some kind having an irregular, fragmented shape, and at the same time some similarity in some way of the constituent parts to the whole, and its dimensions are not necessarily integers.
Specifically, the specific steps of the vector grid method calculation are shown in fig. 4.
First, a rectangular area is selected to cover a sub-study area, which is gradually divided into 4nIs divided into equal parts, correspondingly, the side length is divided into 2nAnd (4) equally dividing. To is coming toThe accuracy of the fractal dimension value is ensured, and generally n is equal to 9, that is, the rectangle is divided into 9 th level at most to form 9 sets of grids with different dimensions.
Referring to fig. 5, the 9 size grids divided in the ArcGIS platform are respectively superimposed with the street element base map, and the number of non-empty grids corresponding to the grids of different sizes, i.e. r and n (r) in table 1, is obtained in a summary manner. Then, the data of r and n (r) in table 1 are taken as natural logarithm to obtain the values in table 1. Introducing the values of ln (R) and lnN (R) into Excel or SPSS, making linear regression graph, and obtaining linear regression formula and correlation coefficient R2. The correlation coefficient was examined and the slope K of the linear regression equation was the street element dimension D in the study area of this case, as shown in fig. 6.
In the above table, r represents a side length of the mesh as a halved multiple, and n (r) represents the number of non-empty meshes corresponding to the size of the mesh. In fig. 6, the regression line: -1.6045X + 0.5807; linear correlation coefficient: r20.9933; dimension value of street element DStreet with a light source＝1.6045。
TABLE 1 analysis data table of fractal dimension of street elements in inland area A
According to the method, the plot elements of the inland area A of the Macau peninsula and the base map of the building base elements are sequentially and respectively selected for calculation, and the fractal dimension value D of the plot elements is obtainedLand parcel(see FIGS. 7-8, and Table 2) and construction base element dimension value DConstruction of buildings(see FIGS. 9-10, and Table 3).
TABLE 2 analysis data table of fractal dimension of plot elements in inland area A
In fig. 8, the regression line: -1.7195X + 0.1872; linear correlation coefficient: r20.9982; dimension value of land parcel element DLand parcel＝1.7195。
TABLE 3 fractal dimension analysis data sheet for building base elements of inland area A
In fig. 10, the regression line: -1.6262X + 0.5354; linear correlation coefficient: r20.993; dimension value of building base element DConstruction of buildings＝1.6262。
After the fractal dimension values of the three elements in the inland area A are obtained, the other sub-areas of the Macau peninsula are selected to repeat the superposition calculation process, and the fractal dimension value D of each element in each research area is obtained through statistics, and is shown in the table 4.
TABLE 4 statistics table of the division dimension values of the Australian peninsula
5) Referring to fig. 11, the calculated three-element fractal dimension value list data is imported into Excel to generate a histogram of fractal dimension values D of each element in different research areas, wherein the average value does not include the new city area a, and the average fractal dimension values of street elements, parcel elements and building base elements in different areas are respectively calculated, and a plurality of groups of data are sorted and visually contrasted and analyzed according to the histogram.
6) And reasonably explaining the digital information reflected by the columnar distribution diagram by combining information such as historical data of the research area, inducing and summarizing the fractal dimensional characteristics of three elements of the plane pattern of the research area, and proposing an optimization suggestion to reasonably control the plane pattern of the city in the planning design and management of the city.
The invention makes up the deficiency of abstract fractal calculation, selects three elements of a planar pattern in the Kanzhen city morphology theory as a basic frame, decomposes the elements of the planar pattern, respectively performs fractal calculation to obtain fractal dimension values, provides reasonable evolution basis for the obtained quantized data according to historical maps and other data, reveals the numerical relationship hidden behind the complex substance form, has more accurate and convincing research results, and can be used for city form comparison among different cities or different areas of the same city. Meanwhile, the traditional urban morphology research method is combined with new technical means such as GIS and the like, the operation process is simplified, the workload is reduced, the research efficiency is improved, and the calculation result is efficient and accurate.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A city morphology analysis control method based on three elements of a plane pattern and fractal calculation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) obtaining map data expressing three elements of a planar pattern of a research area; the three elements of the planar layout comprise streets, plots and building bases; the map data is a CAD graph or a GIS graph;
2) dividing a plurality of sub-research areas by combining morphological characteristics of three elements of the plane pattern in the map data;
3) respectively extracting street, plot and building base plane base map elements of a research area in the map data, and importing the elements into an ArcGIS platform by using a line element file;
4) respectively calculating fractal dimension values of three elements in a research area by using a vector grid method in fractal calculation; the method comprises the following steps:
4.1) selecting a rectangular area to cover a sub-study area, and gradually dividing the area into 4nIs divided into 2 on a sidenAn aliquot of (d);
4.2) overlapping the divided n size grids with the street element base map in the ArcGIS platform respectively, and summarizing to obtain the number N (r) of non-empty grids corresponding to the grids with different sizes, wherein r represents the equal division multiple of the side length of the grids; taking natural logarithm of the data of r and N (r); introducing the obtained values of ln (R) and lnN (R) into the graph analysis software, making a linear regression graph, and solving a linear regression formula and a correlation coefficient R2(ii) a Phase of examinationThe correlation coefficient, namely the slope K of the linear regression equation is the dimension value of the street element in the sub-research area;
4.3) overlapping the divided n size grids with the plot element base map in the ArcGIS platform respectively, and repeating the calculation process of the step 4.2) to calculate the plot element dimension values in the sub-research area;
4.4) overlapping the divided n size grids with the base map of the building base in the ArcGIS platform respectively, and repeating the calculation process of the step 4.2) to calculate the dimension values of the building base elements in the sub-research area;
4.5) selecting other sub-research areas, repeating the steps from 4.1) to 4.4), and counting to obtain fractal dimension values of three elements of all the sub-research areas;
5) importing the calculated three-element fractal dimension value list data into Excel to generate a columnar distribution diagram of the fractal dimension values D of each element in different sub-research areas; respectively calculating the average fractal dimension values of street elements, plot elements and building base elements of different sub-research areas, and sorting and visually comparing and analyzing a plurality of groups of data according to the columnar distribution map;
6) reasonable explanation is given to the digital information reflected by the columnar distribution diagram by combining the historical data information of the research area; and (3) summarizing and summarizing the fractal dimensional characteristics of three elements of the plane pattern of the research area, proposing an optimization suggestion, and reasonably managing and controlling the plane pattern of the city in the planning design and management of the city.
2. The city morphology analysis and control method based on three elements of a planar pattern and fractal calculation is characterized in that n is set to 9, namely, the rectangle is divided into 9 th level at most to form 9 groups of grids with different scales.
3. The city morphology analysis management and control method based on three elements of planar patterns and fractal calculation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the graph analysis software comprises Excel or SPSS.
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Inventor after: Zheng Jianyi Inventor after: Yao Minfeng Inventor after: Zhao Yunqiang Inventor before: Zheng Jianyi Inventor before: Zhao Yunqiang |