CN115997519A - Seed soaking and germination accelerating method for rice seeds - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a seed soaking and germination accelerating method for rice seeds, and relates to the technical field of rice planting. The seed soaking and germination accelerating method comprises the steps of pretreatment of rice seeds, circulation temperature changing, water changing and seed soaking, chitosan and potassium fulvate auxiliary seed soaking, heat preservation and chest breaking, and warm water spraying and germination accelerating. The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, effectively improves the germination rate of rice seeds, simultaneously further improves the growth vigor of subsequent rice seedlings, simultaneously reduces the incidence of bakanae disease, comprehensively improves the economic benefit of rice planting, and reduces planting loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a seed soaking and germination accelerating method for rice seeds.
Background
In the production of southern rice in China, seed soaking, germination accelerating, water seedling raising or drought seedling raising are used as main production cultivation modes, and the main purpose of seed soaking is to enable seeds to absorb enough water, accelerate seed germination and promote seed germination consistency.
Most of the existing seed soaking and germination accelerating modes are to directly add medicaments to kill germs carried on rice seeds in the seed soaking process, namely, the seed components are guaranteed to absorb water to promote germination and reduce bakanae disease of rice later-stage planting in the seed soaking process, but the traditional seed soaking mode is that the seed soaking is carried out for about 7 days at about 15 ℃, the accumulated temperature reaches 100 ℃, the whole seed soaking time is long, and the germination rate of the subsequent rice seeds is unstable.
Patent number CN201310753418.5 discloses a method for accelerating germination of rice seeds by ventilation and immersing seeds, which improves germination rate of rice seeds by introducing oxygen into the seeds during immersing and accelerating germination, but in actual planting process, planting benefit of rice is not only related to germination rate of seeds, but also related to subsequent rice growth, especially initial growth condition of seedlings after germination, so that germination rate before the eyes is ensured during seed accelerating germination, meanwhile, growth strength of subsequent seedlings is further improved, economic benefit of planting is improved, and the existing seed immersing and accelerating germination mode of rice seeds mostly only pursues germination rate, and neglects both growth condition and disease-resistant condition of subsequent seedlings.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a seed soaking and germination accelerating method for rice seeds, which can effectively improve the germination rate of rice seeds, further improve the growth vigor of subsequent rice seedlings, simultaneously reduce the incidence of bakanae disease, comprehensively improve the economic benefit of rice planting and reduce planting loss.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a seed soaking and germination accelerating method for rice seeds, comprising the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of rice seeds: selecting rice seeds, washing with ice water, tiling, and oven drying at 30-35deg.C to obtain pretreated rice seeds;
(2) Seed soaking: the pretreated rice seeds are placed in a seed soaking pool, seed soaking liquid at 22-23 ℃ is slowly added into the submerged rice seeds from the upper end, and the temperature changing and water changing treatment is carried out in the seed soaking process in the following manner:
(1) gradually slowly adding seed soaking liquid at 45 ℃ from the upper end into a seed soaking pond every 2-8h, slowly flowing out the original seed soaking liquid at the same speed at the lower end of the seed soaking pond, ensuring that the liquid level height change is less than 2cm, stopping operation after the liquid temperature in the seed soaking pond is raised by 2-5 ℃ compared with the previous temperature, continuously preserving heat, repeating the operation until the temperature in the seed soaking pond reaches 40 ℃, continuously preserving heat for 2h, and finishing seed soaking;
(2) adding chitosan and potassium fulvate into a seed soaking pool for seed soaking in the last 2h of seed soaking;
(3) stirring rice seeds in the seed soaking pool for 10-15min after the temperature of each seed soaking liquid is raised;
(3) Accelerating germination: taking out the soaked rice seeds, placing the rice seeds in clear water at 50 ℃, stirring and naturally cooling to 30 ℃, taking out the rice seeds, uniformly paving the rice seeds on a constant temperature bed at 30 ℃, covering a film, uncovering the film every 1h, turning over the film, adjusting the temperature of the temperature bed to 25 ℃ after the seeds start to break chest and uncover the white, thoroughly uncovering the film, spraying warm water at 35 ℃ on the rice seeds for 2-3min every 20min by adopting an atomizing nozzle, and continuously finishing germination acceleration for 24 h.
Preferably, the time of the ice water washing in the step (1) is 30s-60s.
Preferably, the temperature of the rice seeds in the step (2) is regulated to 18-20 ℃ by adopting a fan before the rice seeds are added into the seed soaking pool.
Preferably, a chemical for killing rice seed germs is added to the seed soaking liquid.
Preferably, the seed soaking liquid submerges the rice seeds to a position 5-7cm above the rice seeds in the seed soaking process in the step (2).
Preferably, in the process of changing the water and the temperature in the step (2), when the temperature of the seed soaking liquid in the seed soaking tank is below 32 ℃, water changing treatment is carried out every 8 hours, the temperature of each heating is 3 ℃, when the temperature of the seed soaking liquid in the seed soaking tank is 32 ℃, water changing is carried out every 2 hours, the temperature of each heating is 5 ℃, and when the temperature difference between the seed soaking liquid and the 40 ℃ is less than 5 ℃, the temperature is increased to 40 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), when the seeds are soaked for 2 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃, the chitosan added into the seed soaking liquid is 0.08-0.1g/L, and the potassium fulvate added into the seed soaking liquid is 0.1-0.12g/L.
Preferably, the stirring speed of the rice seeds in the step (2) is 40-50r/min.
Preferably, the stirring speed for naturally cooling in the step (3) is 180-200r/min.
Preferably, the fineness of the spray in the step (3) is 20-50 μm.
The invention provides a seed soaking and germination accelerating method for rice seeds, which has the advantages compared with the prior art that:
(1) According to the invention, early stage ice water is used for cooling and then hot air drying is used for rapidly breaking dormancy of seeds and improving the activity of the seeds, and the uniformity of rice seed drying can be improved in a mode of water passing and drying, so that the synchronism of subsequent seed germination is ensured;
(2) According to the invention, seeds are soaked in a circulating temperature-changing water-changing mode, namely, the rice seeds are soaked in a stage-type heating mode, so that germination activity is gradually improved, the conditions that the seed soaking time is long when the rice seeds are soaked at low temperature and the germination rate is reduced when the rice seeds are soaked at high temperature are prevented, the germination rate of the seeds can be effectively promoted by the stage-type heating soaking, meanwhile, the disease resistance of seedlings sprouting subsequently to the seeds is further improved, and the overall planting benefit is improved;
(3) According to the invention, warm water spraying treatment is adopted after the seeds are broken in the germination accelerating stage, so that the temperature and humidity of the rice seeds during germination are ensured, meanwhile, the rice seeds are ensured to be fully contacted with oxygen in air in the spraying process, the germination of the seeds is effectively promoted, the difference of germination time among the seeds is further shortened, the uniformity of seed germination is improved, and the uniformity of subsequent seedling fluctuation is ensured.
(4) The invention can effectively ensure the germination rate of rice seeds through cold shock drying of the seeds in the early stage, subsequent cyclic variable temperature seed soaking and spray germination accelerating treatment, further ensure the growth performance of seedlings in the later stage, reduce the incidence rate of bakanae disease of the rice and improve the economic benefit of planting.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The following raw materials were selected for each example:
rice seed: hybrid rice II good 416;
cyanogen alkene fungus ester: the preparation method comprises the steps of hard protecting 25% of the cyanogen mycoester;
chitosan: selecting pharmaceutical chitosan produced by south China biotechnology Co., ltd, dissolving with 2% acetic acid, adjusting pH to 6.5, and adding;
potassium fulvate: hanfeng brand mineral source potassium fulvate.
Seed soaking liquid: 17 ml of the 25% cyanogen alkene ester is added into each 50 kg of water and is uniformly mixed.
Example 1:
seed soaking and germination accelerating operation of rice:
(1) Selecting 50 jin of rice seeds after winnowing, soaking the rice seeds in ice water at 0 ℃ for elutriation for 40 seconds by adopting a net bag, taking out the rice seeds, draining water, spreading the rice seeds in an air dryer, and drying the rice seeds by adopting constant-temperature hot air at 30-35 ℃ to obtain pretreated rice seeds;
(2) Preparing a seed soaking pool with the length and width of 100cm multiplied by 40cm multiplied by 30cm respectively, arranging a heat preservation device outside the seed soaking pool, arranging a layer of net bag for preventing rice seeds from falling at the bottom of the seed soaking pool, arranging a water inlet at the upper end of the seed soaking pool, adopting a water pump to be communicated with the water inlet, the water inlet end of the water pump being communicated with the water outlet, the water outlet end of the water pump being communicated with the water inlet through a constant temperature heating device, heating the heater at a constant temperature of 45 ℃, arranging a thermometer at one side of the bottom of the seed soaking pool far from the water inlet, blowing the pretreated rice seeds to 18-20 ℃ by adopting a fan, and then paving the pretreated rice seeds in the seed soaking pool;
(3) Heating seed soaking liquid to 23 ℃, pouring the seed soaking liquid into a seed soaking pond until the rice seeds are submerged and the liquid level is 7cm higher than the rice seeds, starting a heat preservation device, keeping the seed soaking liquid at 23 ℃ for soaking the rice seeds for 8 hours, starting a water pump to slowly pump the seed soaking liquid in the seed soaking pond until a heater is heated to 45 ℃, slowly flowing into the seed soaking pond from a water adding port, keeping the flowing out and flowing in flow rates the same, closing the water pump when the induction temperature of a thermometer is changed to 26 ℃, regulating the heat preservation temperature of the heat preservation device to 26 ℃, stirring the rice seeds in the seed soaking pond for 10 minutes according to the rotating speed of 50r/min, repeating the operation at 8 hours, and heating 3 ℃ each time until the temperature is 32 ℃;
(4) After the seed soaking liquid in the seed soaking tank reaches 32 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, slowly pumping the seed soaking liquid in the seed soaking tank to 45 ℃ by starting a water pump, slowly flowing into the seed soaking tank from a water inlet after the seed soaking liquid is heated to 45 ℃, keeping the flowing out and flowing in flow rates the same, closing the water pump when the induction temperature of a thermometer is changed to 37 ℃, regulating the heat preserving temperature to 37 ℃, stirring rice seeds in the seed soaking tank for 10 minutes according to the rotating speed of 50r/min, repeating the operation after 2 hours, regulating the temperature of the seed soaking liquid in the seed soaking tank to 40 ℃, adding chitosan (according to the mass before acid leaching) and potassium fulvate into the seed soaking liquid in the seed soaking tank according to 0.08g/L and 0.1g/L respectively, uniformly stirring, preserving heat and soaking for 2 hours;
(5) Taking out the soaked rice seeds, placing the rice seeds in clear water at 50 ℃, stirring at a rotating speed of 200r/min, naturally cooling to 30 ℃, taking out the rice seeds, uniformly paving the rice seeds on a constant temperature bed at 30 ℃, covering a film, uncovering the film every 1h, turning over the film, adjusting the temperature of the temperature bed to 25 ℃ after the seeds start to break the chest and expose the white, thoroughly uncovering the film, simultaneously spraying warm water at 35 ℃ to the rice seeds at 20-50 mu m for 2-3min every 20min by adopting an atomizing nozzle, and continuously finishing germination acceleration for 24 h.
Comparative example 1:
seed soaking and germination accelerating operation of rice:
(1) Winnowing the rice seeds, taking 50 jin of rice seeds, and drying the rice seeds by adopting constant-temperature hot air at 30-35 ℃ to obtain pretreated rice seeds;
steps (2) - (5) are the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2:
seed soaking and germination accelerating operation of rice:
steps (1) and (5) are the same as in example 1, and the remaining steps are as follows:
(2) Preparing a seed soaking pool with the length and width of 100cm multiplied by 40cm multiplied by 30cm, arranging a heat preservation device outside the seed soaking pool, arranging a layer of net bag for preventing rice seeds from falling at the bottom of the seed soaking pool, blowing the pretreated rice seeds by a fan, cooling to 18-20 ℃ and then paving the rice seeds in the seed soaking pool;
(3) Heating the seed soaking liquid to 25 ℃, pouring the seed soaking liquid into a seed soaking pool until the rice seeds are submerged and the liquid level is 7cm higher than the rice seeds, starting a heat preservation device, and keeping the seed soaking liquid at 23 ℃ for soaking the rice seeds for 72 hours;
(4) After 48 hours of soaking, adding chitosan (based on the mass before acid dissolution) and potassium fulvate into the seed soaking liquid in a seed soaking pool according to the weight of 0.08g/L and 0.1g/L respectively, uniformly stirring, and then continuously preserving heat and soaking for 2 hours;
comparative example 3:
seed soaking and germination accelerating operation of rice:
(1) Winnowing the rice seeds, taking 50 jin of rice seeds, and drying the rice seeds by adopting constant-temperature hot air at 30-35 ℃ to obtain pretreated rice seeds;
steps (2) - (5) are the same as comparative example 2.
Comparative example 4:
seed soaking and germination accelerating operation of rice:
steps (1) - (4) are the same as in example 1, the remaining steps being as follows:
(5) Taking out the soaked rice seeds, placing the rice seeds in clear water at 50 ℃, stirring at a rotating speed of 200r/min, naturally cooling to 30 ℃, taking out the rice seeds, uniformly paving the rice seeds on a constant temperature bed at 30 ℃, covering a film, uncovering the film every 1 hour, turning over the rice seeds, adjusting the temperature of the temperature bed to 25 ℃ after the seeds start to break the chest and expose the white, uncovering the film every 1 hour continuously, ensuring the humidity to be 80%, and finishing germination accelerating continuously for 24 hours.
And (3) detection:
1. the time for starting the chest-breaking and dew-whitening of the seeds (the time when the seeds were laid on a constant temperature bed and the standard of starting the chest-breaking and dew-whitening of about 2% of the total seeds was set as the starting standard of the chest-breaking of the seeds), the time for starting the germination of the seeds from the chest-breaking and dew-whitening to about 60% and the germination rate of the seeds after 24 hours were measured in the above example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3, respectively, and the results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
| Group of | Time to begin breaking chest (h) | 60% chest time (h) | Germination percentage (%) |
| Example 1 | 9.5 | 4.5 | 98.6 |
| Comparative example 1 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 90.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 8.5 | 6.5 | 91.5 |
| Comparative example 3 | 8 | 14.5 | 83.7 |
| Comparative example 4 | 9.5 | 7.0 | 93.3 |
As can be seen from the above Table 1, the germination rate of rice seeds can be improved by short-time cold shock, cyclic variable-temperature seed soaking and spray germination accelerating, and the chest breaking germination time of a batch of seeds can be effectively shortened by short-time cold shock, the germination balance of the seeds can be improved, and the germination rate can be further improved.
2. Seeds with consistent growth vigor are selected from each group of rice seeds after germination acceleration in the detection 1 and are respectively placed in a culture dish (a layer of filter paper is arranged in the culture dish, 4ml of Holand nutrient solution is added), 3 culture dishes are arranged in each group, 100 germinated rice seeds in each culture dish are cultivated in an artificial climate box at a constant temperature of 30 ℃ and in an environment with 80% relative humidity at an illumination intensity of 450 mu mol/m.s, and 12 hours are taken as illumination periods;
10 seedlings were randomly selected from each dish of each group after 10d cultivation, and subjected to plant height, root fresh weight, overground part fresh weight and MDA content detection, and the average value was taken and recorded, and specific results are shown in Table 2 below:
TABLE 2
From the above table 2, the method of using ice water short-time cold shock combined circulation variable-temperature water changing and spray germination accelerating can effectively promote the growth of the seedling and reduce the MDA content, namely, the method can improve the growth performance of the seedling.
3. The germination percentage of the final rice seeds was measured under different ice water treatment times, the method of example 1 was selected, and the final rice seeds were treated with chilled water for 10s, 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s during the pretreatment, and the germination percentage of the final rice seeds was recorded in the same manner as in example 1, with the results shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 Table 3
As is clear from the table, for the early stage cold shock treatment of rice seeds, too short time (less than 30 s) has no influence on the germination rate of rice seeds basically, and too long time (more than 60 s) can obviously reduce the germination rate of rice seeds, namely, the ice-water cold shock is most suitable in the time range of 30s-60s.
4. The resistance of each group of seed soaking germination accelerating methods to bakanae disease is detected:
after culturing bakanae disease germ (F.moniliforme shell) of rice with PDA medium until a large amount of spores are produced, it is prepared into a concentration of 10 by using sterile water 8 cfu/ml spore suspension, soaking rice seed in the suspension at 25deg.C for 3 hr, drying at 35deg.C to obtain strain-carrying rice seed, treating strain-carrying rice seed according to the methods of the above example 1 and comparative examples 1-3, respectively, and performing experiment 2The artificial cultivation for 17d, the incidence of bakanae disease in each group was examined, and the results are shown in Table 4 below:
TABLE 4 Table 4
As shown in the table above, the early stage cold shock treatment, the circulation temperature changing soaking and the spray germination accelerating of rice seeds can prevent the bakanae disease to a certain extent, and the control effect (such as carbendazim, prochloraz, azoxystrobin and the like) on bakanae disease can be improved by adding corresponding antibacterial drugs into the soaking liquid in the practical application process.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The seed soaking and germination accelerating method for the rice seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Pretreatment of rice seeds: selecting rice seeds, washing with ice water, tiling, and oven drying at 30-35deg.C to obtain pretreated rice seeds;
(2) Seed soaking: the pretreated rice seeds are placed in a seed soaking pool, seed soaking liquid at 22-23 ℃ is slowly added into the submerged rice seeds from the upper end, and the temperature changing and water changing treatment is carried out in the seed soaking process in the following manner:
(1) gradually slowly adding seed soaking liquid at 45 ℃ from the upper end into a seed soaking pond every 2-8h, slowly flowing out the original seed soaking liquid at the same speed at the lower end of the seed soaking pond, ensuring that the liquid level height change is less than 2cm, stopping operation after the liquid temperature in the seed soaking pond is raised by 2-5 ℃ compared with the previous temperature, continuously preserving heat, repeating the operation until the temperature in the seed soaking pond reaches 40 ℃, continuously preserving heat for 2h, and finishing seed soaking;
(2) adding chitosan and potassium fulvate into a seed soaking pool for seed soaking in the last 2h of seed soaking;
(3) stirring rice seeds in the seed soaking pool for 10-15min after the temperature of each seed soaking liquid is raised;
(3) Accelerating germination: taking out the soaked rice seeds, placing the rice seeds in clear water at 50 ℃, stirring and naturally cooling to 30 ℃, taking out the rice seeds, uniformly paving the rice seeds on a constant temperature bed at 30 ℃, covering a film, uncovering the film every 1h, turning over the film, adjusting the temperature of the temperature bed to 25 ℃ after the seeds start to break chest and uncover the white, thoroughly uncovering the film, spraying warm water at 35 ℃ on the rice seeds for 2-3min every 20min by adopting an atomizing nozzle, and continuously finishing germination acceleration for 24 h.
2. The seed soaking and germination accelerating method of rice seeds according to claim 1, wherein: the time of the ice water washing in the step (1) is 30s-60s.
3. The seed soaking and germination accelerating method of rice seeds according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) adjusting the temperature to 18-20 ℃ by adopting a fan before the rice seeds in the step (2) are added into the seed soaking pool.
4. The seed soaking and germination accelerating method of rice seeds according to claim 1, wherein: the seed soaking liquid is added with a medicament for killing rice seed germs.
5. The seed soaking and germination accelerating method of rice seeds according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) immersing the rice seeds to a position 5-7cm above the rice seeds by the seed immersing liquid in the seed immersing process in the step (2).
6. The seed soaking and germination accelerating method of rice seeds according to claim 1, wherein: in the process of changing water and changing temperature in the step (2), when the temperature of seed soaking liquid in the seed soaking pool is below 32 ℃, water changing treatment is carried out every 8 hours, the temperature of each heating is 3 ℃, when the temperature of seed soaking liquid in the seed soaking pool is 32 ℃, water changing is carried out every 2 hours, the temperature of each heating is 5 ℃, and when the temperature difference between the seed soaking liquid and 40 ℃ is less than 5 ℃, the temperature is increased to 40 ℃.
7. The seed soaking and germination accelerating method of rice seeds according to claim 1, wherein: and (2) soaking seeds for 2 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃, wherein chitosan added into the seed soaking liquid is 0.08-0.1g/L, and potassium fulvate added into the seed soaking liquid is 0.1-0.12g/L.
8. The seed soaking and germination accelerating method of rice seeds according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring rotating speed of the rice seeds in the step (2) is 40-50r/min.
9. The seed soaking and germination accelerating method of rice seeds according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring speed for naturally cooling in the step (3) is 180-200r/min.
10. The seed soaking and germination accelerating method of rice seeds according to claim 1, wherein: the fineness of the spray in the step (3) is 20-50 mu m.
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