CN115966886A - Very-low-frequency multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Very-low-frequency multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a very-low-frequency multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of low-frequency antennas. The electromagnetic antenna solves the prominent problems of small power capacity, weak radiation capability and short communication distance of the conventional magnetoelectric mechanical antenna. The multilayer magnetic memory comprises a plurality of laminated magnetic layers and a plurality of piezoelectric layers, wherein the plurality of laminated magnetic layers and the plurality of piezoelectric layers are alternately stacked to form electrical parallel connection and mechanical parallel connection. Compared with the traditional magnetic material structure, the multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna has the advantages that the volume is increased, and the saturation magnetic moment of a system is enhanced; meanwhile, the system load is increased by the multiple piezomagnetic layers, the mechanical quality factor of the magnetoelectric mechanical antenna can be effectively reduced, and the nonlinear behavior of the oscillator under a strong field is inhibited. Under the same driving condition, the power capacity and the radiation field strength of the oscillator can be increased, the radiation field strength reaches 87fT in 100m free space, and the modulation rate reaches 500Hz at most.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of low-frequency antennas, and particularly relates to a very low frequency multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna and a preparation method thereof.
Background
How to solve the communication problem under extreme environment, such as cross-ground communication, underwater communication and human body implanted device external communication is a key problem which needs to be solved urgently at present. At present, a common radio frequency antenna transmits information to the outside through electromagnetic waves generated by high-frequency current, but the size of the radio frequency antenna must be comparable to the wavelength of the radiated electromagnetic waves, and the radio frequency antenna cannot meet the requirements of miniaturization and high efficiency at the same time.
To solve the above problems, the DARPA (united states defense advanced research program office) started a research project (a mechanical Based Antenna, no.: HR001117S 0007) of mechanical antennas in 2017 by repelling $ 2300 and aiming to improve and develop low-frequency, low-power-consumption, miniaturized magnetic field transmitting antennas. In contrast to conventional antenna formats, mechanical antennas create a time-varying electromagnetic field in space by driving an electric or magnetic dipole. Because the mechanical antenna directly converts mechanical energy into electromagnetic field energy, a mode of high-frequency oscillation current radiation is avoided, the physical limitation of the electrical size of the traditional antenna is not needed, and the information (modulation) bandwidth can be independent of the physical (loss) bandwidth. Among mechanical antennas, a magneto-electric mechanical antenna adopting a magneto-electric coupling effect as a working principle is one of key schemes for developing a cross-medium communication technology.
In order to obtain a magneto-electric mechanical antenna with strong radiation capability, researchers at home and abroad make a lot of research works. The NEMS mechanical antenna based on the magnetoelectricity multiferroic heterojunction FeGaB/AlN is reported experimentally by southern Xiang and Sunnxiang of the northeast university in 2017 for the first time, and the design problem of miniaturization of the traditional antenna is solved. A subject group of the recent grand year detailed professor of northeast university of America further utilizes 2-1 type magnetoelectric composite materials to build a very low frequency magnetic field communication system, and the transmitting distance of 120m and the modulation bandwidth of 100Hz are realized under the power consumption of 400 mW.
However, the radiation capability and the power capacity of the conventional magneto-electric mechanical antenna with the 1-1 type, 2-1 type and other structures are lower, and the mechanical quality factor (Q value) is higher. For antenna radiation, this means that most of the energy is stored inside or on the surface of the antenna without being efficiently radiated to the outside free space, resulting in low radiation efficiency and short communication distance. In addition, the Q value is in inverse proportion to the bandwidth of the antenna, and a high Q value means that the bandwidth of the antenna itself is narrow, resulting in a relatively low communication rate. Although the traditional 2-1 type magnetoelectric antenna working in a multi-push-pull mode has stronger resonance magnetoelectric coupling characteristic, the total saturation magnetic moment of the system is not strong because the volume of the piezomagnetic layer is relatively small. Although the 1-1 type magnetoelectric antenna has high resonance coupling performance under a first-order vibration mode, the Q value is high, nonlinear behavior is easy to appear, and high electric field driving is difficult to support. The above two magneto-electric mechanical antenna structures cannot meet the application requirement of transmitting high-strength electromagnetic field signals.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a very low frequency multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna and a manufacturing method thereof, so as to solve the prominent problems of small power capacity, weak radiation capability and short communication distance of the existing magnetoelectric mechanical antenna, and can be applied to the scenes of cross-medium communication, sensing, and the like.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a very low frequency multi-layer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna comprises a plurality of laminated magnetic layers and a plurality of piezoelectric layers. The multiple laminated magnetic layers and the multiple piezoelectric layers are alternately stacked to form an electrical parallel connection.
Furthermore, the magnetic compression layer is formed by compounding soft magnetic blocks or soft magnetic strips in a multi-layer mode, wherein the soft magnetic materials are one of Metglas, fe-Ga alloy, terfenol-D alloy, fe-Ni alloy, feCo, feCoB, feGaB, niZn ferrite and Ni metal and are connected through epoxy resin.
Furthermore, the piezoelectric material of the piezoelectric layer comprises piezoelectric ceramics and piezoelectric single crystals, and the piezoelectric material is LiNbO 3 、BaTiO 3 、Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 、Pb(Mg,Nb)O 3 -PbTiO 3 、Pb(Zn,Nb)O 3 -PbTiO 3 Or BiScO 3 -PbTiO 3 One kind of (1).
Furthermore, the piezoelectric layer and the piezomagnetic layer are connected through epoxy resin.
Further, each of the laminated dielectric layers is polarized in the thickness direction and electrically connected in parallel, when the antenna operates in the d31 mode.
Furthermore, the piezoelectric layer may also be made of a macro piezoelectric Fiber Composite (MFC), and a longitudinal polarization mode is adopted to form a sandwich structure with the upper and lower piezoelectric layer electrodes, the three-layer structure is compounded by epoxy resin, and at this time, the antenna operates in a d33 mode.
A preparation method of a longitudinal vibration mode multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Designing an antenna structure and verifying simulation;
(2) Processing materials and preparing a packaging box;
(3) Preparing a piezoelectric layer;
(4) Preparing a magnetic pressing layer;
(5) Bonding and compounding the piezoelectric layer and the piezomagnetic layer;
(6) And pasting the piezoelectric layer electrodes on the corresponding piezoelectric layers to obtain the final multilayer mechanical antenna prototype.
Compared with the prior art, the multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna in the longitudinal vibration mode and the preparation method thereof have the following innovation points and beneficial effects:
compared with the traditional magnetic material structure, the multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna has the advantages that the volume is increased, and the saturation magnetic moment of a system is enhanced; meanwhile, the system load is increased by the multiple piezomagnetic layers, the mechanical quality factor of the magnetoelectric mechanical antenna can be effectively reduced, and the nonlinear behavior of the oscillator under a strong field is inhibited. Under the same driving condition, the power capacity and the radiation field strength of the oscillator can be increased, the radiation field strength reaches 87fT in 100m free space, and the modulation rate reaches 500Hz at most.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic size diagram of a multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simulation result diagram of COMSOL according to a first embodiment of the present invention, including a first-order longitudinal vibration mode and its characteristic frequency;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the relationship between radiation performance and distance in a first embodiment of the multi-layered magnetoelectric mechanical antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a relationship between a resonant frequency and a driving field strength in a first embodiment of the multilayered magnetoelectric mechanical antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of a multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-piezoelectric layer electrode, 2-piezoelectric layer, 3-piezoelectric layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely explained below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.
The present embodiment is explained with reference to fig. 1 to 7. A multi-layer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna of longitudinal vibration mode comprises four piezoelectric layers 3 and three piezoelectric layers 2. The piezoelectric layers 2 and the magnetic compression layers 3 are alternately stacked through epoxy resin, and the piezoelectric layers are electrically connected in parallel and mechanically connected in parallel.
Each laminated magnetic layer 3 is 100mm long, 2mm wide and 0.25mm thick; each laminated dielectric layer 2 has a length of 70mm, a width of 1.5mm and a thickness of 0.48mm; each piezoelectric layer electrode 1 is 0.05mm thick, and the piezoelectric layer electrode 1 is made of copper. The shape and size of the soft-magnetic layer 3 may also be varied accordingly, depending on the particular embodiment
The magnetism pressing layer 3 is formed by compounding soft magnetic blocks or soft magnetic strips in a multi-layer mode, wherein the soft magnetic materials are one of Metglas, fe-Ga alloy, terfenol-D alloy, fe-Ni alloy, feCo, feCoB, feGaB, niZn ferrite and Ni metal and are connected through epoxy resin.
The piezoelectric material of the piezoelectric layer 2 comprises piezoelectric ceramic and piezoelectric single crystal, and the piezoelectric material is LiNbO 3 、BaTiO 3 、Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 、Pb(Mg,Nb)O 3 -PbTiO 3 、Pb(Zn,Nb)O 3 -PbTiO 3 Or BiScO 3 -PbTiO 3 One kind of (1). The shape and size of the soft-magnetic layers 3 may also vary accordingly, depending on the specific embodiment.
The piezoelectric layer 2 and the piezomagnetic layer 3 are connected through epoxy resin, the piezoelectric layer electrode 1 is adhered on the corresponding piezomagnetic layer 3 to form electric parallel connection, and the whole assembled antenna is of a multilayer laminated structure.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 2, the multi-layer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna of the longitudinal vibration mode according to the present invention includes a piezoelectric layer electrode 1, a piezoelectric layer 2, and a piezomagnetic layer 3. The three piezoelectric layers 2 are identical, and each piezoelectric layer 2 is polarized in the thickness direction and electrically connected in parallel, so that the antenna works in a d31 mode.
The main parts of the multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna are a piezoelectric layer 2 and a piezomagnetic layer 3 from the center to two ends in sequence, and the parts are bonded and stacked by epoxy resin in sequence along the thickness direction.
Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the specific geometric dimensions of each component can be selected as follows: wherein the piezoelectric layer 3 is 100mm long, 2mm wide and 0.25mm thick, each piezoelectric layer 2 is 70mm long, 1.5mm wide and 0.48mm thick, and the piezoelectric layer electrode 1 is 0.05mm thick.
In this embodiment, the multi-layer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna operates in a d31 mode, an alternating electric field is provided through the electrode leading-out ends in the three piezoelectric layers 2, the three piezoelectric layers 2 can simultaneously generate longitudinal stretching vibration to further generate bulk acoustic waves to be transmitted to the piezomagnetic layer 3, and magnetic domains in the hysteresis stretching material can move or turn over to further radiate an electromagnetic field outwards. When the frequency of the alternating electric field is close to the first-order longitudinal vibration frequency of the multilayer magneto-electric mechanical antenna, the antenna generates mechanical resonance. Meanwhile, a direct current bias magnetic field with certain strength needs to be provided in the working process of the antenna, the direction is along the axial direction of the antenna, and the size is determined by the material of the magnetic pressing layer 3.
Fig. 3 shows the COMSOL simulation result of the present embodiment, and the COMSOL model is simplified if necessary, but does not affect the reliability of the model solution. Fig. 3 shows a first-order longitudinal vibration mode and a characteristic frequency of the multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna.
Fig. 4 is a radiation-distance relationship diagram of the present embodiment, in which the receiver uses an untuned coil.
Fig. 5 shows a change in resonance frequency of the multilayer magneto-electric machine antenna according to the present embodiment when the drive voltage increases, and the resonance frequency is a frequency at which the reception coil induced voltage reaches a peak value.
Preferably, the piezoelectric material is PZT ceramic.
Preferably, the soft magnetic material is Metglas.
The working principle is as follows:
an alternating current electric field is applied to the piezoelectric layer 2 through the piezoelectric layer electrode 1 to drive, and the piezoelectric layer 2 generates mechanical strain and is transmitted to the piezomagnetic layer 3 through interface coupling. Based on the stress modulation of the magnetic domain state, an alternating electromagnetic field is generated.
According to the structural characteristics of the multilayer mechanical antenna, the specific preparation process of the multilayer mechanical antenna can be summarized as follows:
1. designing an antenna structure and verifying simulation;
2. material processing and packaging box preparation;
3. preparing a piezoelectric layer 2;
4. preparing a piezomagnetic layer 3;
5. bonding and compounding the piezoelectric layer 2 and the piezomagnetic layer 3;
6. and sticking the piezoelectric layer electrode 1 on the corresponding piezomagnetic layer 3 to obtain the final multilayer mechanical antenna prototype.
In the third step, the preparation of the piezoelectric layer 2 specifically comprises the following operations:
(1) Taking 4 pieces of piezoelectric ceramics, ultrasonically cleaning, and then placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying for later use;
(2) And driving the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric ceramic at 1400V to complete the polarization process, and marking the polarization direction for later use.
In the fourth step, the preparation of the piezomagnetic layer 3 specifically comprises the following operations:
(1) Cutting the soft magnetic material Metglas in a size of 100mm × 10mm, cleaning the cut soft magnetic material Metglas by using 95% ethanol, drying the cut soft magnetic material Metglas, and taking out the cut soft magnetic material Metglas after drying;
(2) Spin-coating epoxy resin (West System 105/206) on the surface of the soft magnetic material to complete the compounding of the multilayer soft magnetic material;
(3) Putting the multilayer soft magnetic material into a cold isostatic press, curing at room temperature for 24 hours, and taking out;
in the fifth step, the piezoelectric layer 2 and the piezomagnetic layer 3 are bonded and compounded, and the concrete operations are as follows:
(1) Cleaning the processed piezoelectric layer 2 and piezomagnetic layer 3, wiping the bonding surface with alcohol, and drying in a vacuum drying oven for later use;
(2) And uniformly coating epoxy resin on the bonding surfaces of the piezoelectric layer 2 and the piezomagnetic layer 3 on a dry glass plate, sequentially stacking the plates together, fixing the plates by using an adhesive tape, applying pressure in the axial direction by gravity, and curing the plates at room temperature for 24 hours.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 6, the multi-layer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna of the longitudinal vibration mode according to the present invention includes a piezoelectric layer electrode 1, a piezoelectric layer 2, and a piezomagnetic layer 3. In this embodiment, the multi-layer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna operates in a d33 mode, the piezoelectric layer electrode 1 is an interdigital electrode, and the piezoelectric layer 2 is a piezoelectric fiber composite material of piezoelectric fibers for combining the interdigital electrodes, so as to obtain a higher electromechanical coupling coefficient.
At the moment, the piezoelectric layer 2 is made of a piezoelectric fiber composite material and is longitudinally polarized, the piezoelectric layer 2 and the upper and lower piezoelectric layer electrodes 1 form a sandwich structure, the three-layer structure is compounded through epoxy resin, and at the moment, the antenna works in a d33 mode. The dimensions of the shape of the piezoelectric layer 2 can also be varied accordingly, depending on the particular embodiment. Since only the piezoelectric layer 2 is different from that in embodiment 1, the remaining structure is prepared in the same manner as in embodiment 1 described above.
The preparation of the piezoelectric layer 2 made of the piezoelectric fiber composite material specifically comprises the following operations:
(1) Manufacturing interdigital electrodes forming the piezoelectric layer electrode 1, wherein the thickness of the interdigital electrodes is 40 mu m;
(2) Ultrasonically cleaning the piezoelectric fibers, and drying and then taking out;
(3) Spin-coating epoxy resin on the surface of the interdigital electrode, and sequentially placing piezoelectric fibers to complete the compounding of the piezoelectric material and the interdigital electrode;
(4) Curing the piezoelectric fibers of the composite interdigital electrode for 24 hours at room temperature by utilizing a vacuum compression technology, and taking out the piezoelectric fibers to form a piezoelectric macroscopic fiber composite material;
(5) Placing the piezoelectric fiber composite material in silicone oil, raising the direct current voltage to 1400V, keeping for 15 minutes, and finishing polarization;
(6) And spin-coating epoxy resin (West System 105/206) on the surfaces of the piezoelectric fiber composite material and the upper and lower soft magnetic material layers, bonding the two parts, and taking out after curing.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 7, the present invention provides a longitudinal-vibration mode multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna, which includes a piezoelectric layer electrode 1, a piezoelectric layer 2, and a piezomagnetic layer 3. The magnetoelectric mechanical antenna in the embodiment adopts 2 pieces of soft magnetic materials as the piezoelectric layer, and 3 pieces of piezoelectric ceramics as the piezoelectric layer, which are alternately stacked and work in a d31 mode. The main difference compared to embodiment 1 is the different number of layers of the piezoelectric/piezoelectric layer.
The embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be merely illustrative. The examples are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a multilayer magnetoelectric machine antenna of vertical vibration mode which characterized in that: the piezoelectric actuator comprises a plurality of laminated magnetic layers (3), a plurality of piezoelectric layers (2) and a plurality of piezoelectric layer electrodes (1), wherein the plurality of laminated magnetic layers (3) and the plurality of piezoelectric layers (2) are alternately stacked, and the piezoelectric layer electrodes (1) are covered on the upper surface and the lower surface of each laminated magnetic layer (3) to form electric parallel connection.
2. The longitudinal-vibration-mode multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: each laminated magnetic layer (3) is 100mm long, 2mm wide and 0.25mm thick, each laminated magnetic layer (2) is 70mm long, 1.5mm wide and 0.48mm thick, each piezoelectric layer electrode (1) is 0.05mm thick, and the piezoelectric layer electrodes (1) are made of copper materials.
3. The longitudinal-vibration-mode multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: the magnetism pressing layer (3) is formed by compounding soft magnetic blocks or soft magnetic strips in a multi-layer mode, wherein the soft magnetic materials are one of Metglas, fe-Ga alloy, terfenol-D alloy, fe-Ni alloy, feCo, feCoB, feGaB, niZn ferrite and Ni metal and are connected through epoxy resin.
4. The longitudinal vibration mode multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: the piezoelectric material of the piezoelectric layer (2) comprises piezoelectric ceramic and piezoelectric single crystal, and the piezoelectric material is LiNbO 3 、BaTiO 3 、Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 、Pb(Mg,Nb)O 3 -PbTiO 3 、Pb(Zn,Nb)O 3 -PbTiO 3 Or BiScO 3 -PbTiO 3 One kind of (1).
5. The longitudinal-vibration-mode multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: the piezoelectric layer (2) is connected with the piezomagnetic layer (3) through epoxy resin.
6. The longitudinal vibration mode multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: each of the laminated dielectric layers (2) is polarized in the thickness direction and electrically connected in parallel, when the antenna operates in the d31 mode.
7. The longitudinal-vibration-mode multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: the piezoelectric layer (2) can also be made of piezoelectric macroscopic fiber composite materials, and a longitudinal polarization mode is adopted, so that the antenna works in a d33 mode.
8. A method for manufacturing a longitudinal vibration mode multilayer magnetoelectric mechanical antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Designing an antenna structure and verifying simulation;
(2) Processing materials and preparing a packaging box;
(3) Preparing a piezoelectric layer (2);
(4) Preparing the piezomagnetic layer (3);
(5) Bonding and compounding the piezoelectric layer (2) and the piezomagnetic layer (3);
(6) And sticking the piezoelectric layer electrode (1) on the corresponding piezomagnetic layer (3) to obtain the final multilayer mechanical antenna prototype.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116487866A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-07-25 | 电子科技大学 | Magneto-electric mechanical antenna for ultra-low frequency communication system and preparation method thereof |
| CN117712670A (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-03-15 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Series-parallel stacked array of magnetoelectric antennas and method for establishing equivalent circuit model of series-parallel stacked array |
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2022
- 2022-12-06 CN CN202211557554.2A patent/CN115966886A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116487866A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-07-25 | 电子科技大学 | Magneto-electric mechanical antenna for ultra-low frequency communication system and preparation method thereof |
| CN116487866B (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2024-04-26 | 电子科技大学 | Magneto-electric mechanical antenna for ultra-low frequency communication system and preparation method thereof |
| CN117712670A (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-03-15 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Series-parallel stacked array of magnetoelectric antennas and method for establishing equivalent circuit model of series-parallel stacked array |
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