CN115947461A - Method for in-situ treatment of water quality of lateolabrax japonicus culture pond - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fish culture and tail water treatment, and discloses a method for in-situ treatment of water quality of a lateolabrax japonicus culture pond. The standardized design of the pond is improved, and particularly, water inlet and water outlet pipelines are separately arranged to realize the separation of the water inlet and the water outlet. Preparing the pond before fish entering, including cleaning and sterilizing bottom mud of the pond; adding water to culture bacteria and algae, and preparing and expanding microecological preparation. The micro-ecological preparation is used in the culture process. And (4) planting aquatic plants by using the floating plate, and performing assisted probiotic field planting. The invention purifies the water quality of the culture pond based on the purification effect of the microecologics and the like, utilizes the synergistic regulation and control of a plurality of beneficial microorganisms, purifies the harmful substances in the water body, maintains the ecological balance of a pond system, and lays a foundation for realizing the emission reduction and zero discharge of the tail water of the intensive culture of the lateolabrax japonicus.

Description

Method for in-situ treatment of water quality of lateolabrax japonicus aquaculture pond

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fish culture and tail water treatment, and particularly relates to a method for in-situ treatment of water quality of a lateolabrax japonicus culture pond.

Background

In recent years, the aquaculture industry is developing more and more intensively and in large scale, but with the increase of the aquaculture density, the amount of input products in the pond is increased gradually, such as feed, antibiotics, biochemical drugs and the like, so that the water quality of aquaculture tail water is poor, and in addition, the culture wastewater is discharged arbitrarily, so that the environment around aquaculture areas and the marine ecological environment are seriously damaged, and the sustainable development of fishery in China is greatly limited. The exploration and breakthrough of the culture tail water treatment technology are imminent, whether the in-situ treatment of the culture pond loose water quality can be realized or not can be realized, and the emission reduction and even zero discharge of the culture tail water are the big problems which must be solved in the current fishery development.

The microbial ecological agent as a novel biological agent has the advantages of purifying water quality, promoting the growth of aquatic animals, maintaining beneficial flora in animal intestinal tracts, improving the immunity of the animals and the like, and is an excellent substitute for antibiotics, biochemical drugs and the like. The use of probiotics in aquaculture ponds has the following two advantages. Firstly, the microecologics can effectively degrade organic pollutants in water, promote the reproduction of beneficial bacteria and algae to seize ecological niches of a pool microecologics system, inhibit the breeding of harmful bacteria in the water and increase the self-cleaning capacity of the water; secondly, the microecological preparation can inhibit the growth of intestinal pathogenic bacteria by improving the intestinal colony environment of the cultured animals, thereby promoting the growth of the cultured animals, improving the immunity of organisms and enhancing the resistance to the pathogenic bacteria.

Lateolabrax maculitus (Lateolabrax maculitus), also known as sea bass, sea bass and village, belongs to the order Perciformes, bass and Perch, and is one of the marine fishes with the highest aquaculture yield in China. About 60% of the annual output of the lateolabrax japonicus in China comes from Guangdong Zhuhai areas, the local traditional soil pond culture increases the culture density year by year only for pursuing the culture output, the current mu yield reaches more than 1 million jin, and the culture water environment continuously deteriorates while the high yield brings huge economic benefits. Meanwhile, the scientific culture awareness of the practical units of the lateolabrax japonicus is weak, and with the increase of culture density, the use of input products such as antibiotics and biochemical drugs is increased blindly, so that the culture diseases are increased year by year, and the lateolabrax japonicus culture industry faces huge challenges. Therefore, the exploration of a more scientific culture mode for green and sustainable culture of the lateolabrax japonicus is urgent, the microecologics can be used for treating the water quality of a culture pond and promoting the healthy growth of fishes, and the method is a feasible way for green transformation of the current lateolabrax japonicus pond culture industry.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:

(1) The prior art does not combine the synergistic effect of a plurality of microecologics, plays the role of amplifying biological regulation and control, can not effectively inhibit the propagation and growth of harmful bacteria, reduce harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and hydrogen sulfide in water, stabilize and improve water quality and reduce the discharge of aquaculture wastewater; in addition, in the prior art, the micro-ecological preparation is not applied in a combined manner to enhance the immunity and disease resistance of the cultured products and effectively prevent and treat various diseases.

(2) The prior art does not effectively combine the nitrogen fixation function of aquatic plants to purify water quality and reduce environmental pollution.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the problems in the related art, the disclosed embodiment of the invention provides a method for the in-situ treatment of water quality of a lateolabrax japonicus culture pond.

The technical scheme is as follows: a method for the in-situ treatment of water quality of a lateolabrax japonicus culture pond comprises the following steps:

micro-ecological preparations are cultivated in the pond culture water body to occupy the ecological niche of probiotics; meanwhile, floating plates are paved in the pond culture water body, aquatic plants are planted to increase the field planting effect of the microecologics, and the breeding of harmful microorganisms in the water body is inhibited.

In one embodiment, before the microecological preparation consisting of bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria is cultured in the pond culture water, the following steps are carried out:

cleaning and disinfecting the culture pond;

cleaning the aquaculture pond, turning over the bottom of the pond, solarizing for a plurality of days, and splashing quicklime into the pond to kill bacteria, pathogens and parasites at the bottom of the pond;

and after the aquaculture pond is fed with water, checking the algae phase in the water body, and checking residual chlorine and various water quality indexes.

In one embodiment, an aquaculture pond is constructed, wherein the pond is located in a defined aquaculture area and is adjacent to an external river channel or coastal channel which has sufficient water source, good water quality, smooth tide and convenient water injection and drainage.

In one embodiment, the quicklime is splashed in the whole quicklime pond by 50 kg/mu.

In one embodiment, the probiotic comprises: the total number of the composite bacillus is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10 ⁸ CFU/g, the total number of bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 ¹⁰ CFU/g, total number of lactobacillus is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 ¹⁰ CEU/g, EM total bacteria number more than or equal to 1 x 10 ¹² CFU/g, high activity photosynthetic bacteria total number greater than or equal to 9 x 10 ⁹ CFU/ml, photosynthetic bacteria group total bacteria number not less than 1 x 10 ⁸ CFU/ml。

In one embodiment, the expanding culture and the use of the microecologics comprise the following steps:

(1) The bacillus is directly dissolved and activated by clean well water or tap water after full aeration, and splashed in the pond in the morning on sunny days, and the dosage is 500-1000 g/mu.m;

(2) The photosynthetic bacteria need to be expanded, 200L of tap water is taken by a white plastic barrel, the barrel is firstly placed in the sun for aeration for 2-3 days, the content of residual chlorine is checked, 1kg of photosynthetic bacteria culture medium is added after the residual chlorine is dissipated, the photosynthetic bacteria culture medium comprises the components of vitamins, amino acids and various ionic nitrogen, phosphorus, manganese, iron, magnesium, potassium and sodium elements, the photosynthetic bacteria culture medium is uniformly stirred after being added, high-activity photosynthetic bacteria liquid with the volume about 20 percent of the culture medium is added, the culture medium is sealed by a transparent plastic film and is kept at the temperature of more than 25 ℃ for culture for 3-5 days under the sunlight, the barrel is shaken to prevent bacteria from sinking to the bottom, the visible bacteria liquid gradually turns red and emits similar urine harass smell during the culture, the whole pond can be splashed when the color turns to deep red and the smell is strong, the using amount is 500L/mu.m, and the cultured finished bacteria can also be continuously used as strains for the next expansion culture;

(3) The EM bacteria and the lactic acid bacteria are required to be fermented and cultured firstly, 200L of tap water is contained in a plastic barrel, the mixture is aerated for 2-3 days in the sun firstly, the content of residual chlorine is checked, 10kg of molasses and 2kg of rice bran are added after the residual chlorine is dissipated, the mixture is uniformly stirred to be used as basic culture solution, then 1kg of fermentation material strains of the EM bacteria or the lactic acid bacteria are added, the mixture is hermetically cultured for 3-5 days at the temperature above 25 ℃, the mixture is fully stirred by a bamboo stick and then is immediately sealed, the pH value of the bacteria solution is reduced to be below 4, the fermentation is finished after strong acid fragrance is emitted, the whole pond is sprayed, the dosage is 500L/mu.m, and the cultured finished bacteria are continuously used as strains for the next fermentation;

(4) The microecological preparation is not used together with disinfectant, pesticide and antibiotic, and can be used for detecting water body and fish condition 2-5 hr after use.

In one embodiment, the floating plate is laid on the water surface in an area of no more than 30%, and the aquatic plants include rice, water spinach and celery.

In one embodiment, the bacterial consumption and time of the microecologics are adjusted according to the water quality indexes detected at regular intervals and the conditions of weather, temperature and water quality are integrated, and meanwhile, the water body is oxygenated all the day by utilizing an aerator.

In one embodiment, during the adjustment of the bacterial consumption and time of the microecologics, pond management is carried out according to weever culture, conventional water quality indexes of a water body are periodically monitored during the pond management, and changes of dissolved oxygen, nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the water body are detected.

The invention also aims to provide the lateolabrax japonicus culture pond for implementing the method for the in-situ treatment of the water quality of the lateolabrax japonicus culture pond

By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

first, aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art and the difficulty in solving the problems, the technical problems to be solved by the technical scheme of the present invention are closely combined with results, data and the like in the research and development process, and how to solve the technical scheme of the present invention is deeply analyzed in detail, and some creative technical effects brought by the solution of the problems are specifically described as follows:

according to the tail water treatment method for the pond culture of the lateolabrax japonicus, the biological regulation and control efficiency is enlarged through the synergistic effect of the multiple microecologics, the multiple probiotics occupy the ecological position of the pond, the propagation and growth of harmful bacteria can be effectively inhibited, the growth of beneficial algae is promoted, the balance of algae is adjusted, the harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and hydrogen sulfide in a water body are reduced, the water quality is stabilized and improved, the discharge of culture wastewater is greatly reduced, the material circulation in the pond can be greatly promoted by the investment of the microecologics, and the tail water treatment method is a powerful tool for realizing the emission reduction and even zero discharge of the culture wastewater. Meanwhile, the microecological preparation can enhance the immunity and disease resistance of the cultured product, promote nutrient absorption by regulating the gastrointestinal microecological balance of aquatic animals, and effectively prevent and treat various diseases.

The tail water treatment method for the pond culture of the lateolabrax japonicus, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the effect of beneficial flora field planting is increased by paving the floating plate and planting the aquatic plants, so that the direct improvement of the water quality of the pond by a microecological preparation is facilitated, the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in a water body by the root systems of the plants can be promoted, the deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in the pond is greatly reduced, the circulation of nutrients and the reutilization of wastes are fully realized, the water quality is purified and the environmental pollution is reduced through the nitrogen fixation effect of the plants, and the fishery production is accompanied by the income of the planting industry, so that the method is an upgrading and transformation of the pond, is a new mode of ecological culture, and is more assisted by the green sustainable development of the fishery.

Secondly, regarding the technical solution as a whole or from the perspective of products, the technical effects and advantages of the technical solution to be protected by the present invention are specifically described as follows:

the invention purifies the water quality of the culture pond based on the purification effect of the microecologics and the like, utilizes the synergistic regulation and control of a plurality of beneficial microorganisms, purifies the harmful substances in the water body, maintains the ecological balance of a pond system, and lays a foundation for realizing the emission reduction and zero discharge of the tail water of the intensive culture of the lateolabrax japonicus. The method comprises the following steps: preparing and clearing a culture pond; culturing the fish fry in water before the fish fry is put into the pond; expanding culture and using of the microecological preparation; monitoring the water quality conventionally; daily management of the pond. The microecological preparation used in the invention is a compound collocation of bacillus, lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and the like, and the use method is suitable for water quality regulation and control in the culture process of various aquatic economic organisms.

Third, as an inventive supplementary proof of the claims of the present invention, there are also presented several important aspects:

(1) After the technical scheme is converted, fishery breeding income can be expected to be continuously increased, production cost is greatly reduced, negative effects of the existing breeding technology on natural environment are improved, and green sustainable development of fishery is assisted.

(2) The technical scheme of the invention is based on the existing fishery breeding technology at home and abroad, the in-situ treatment of the breeding tail water is continuously strengthened, the tail water purification treatment is realized by utilizing the coordination effect of various microecologics, and the influence of fishery breeding on the natural environment is reduced; meanwhile, crops are planted by utilizing the floating plate, and an aquaculture technology, a tail water treatment technology and a fish and vegetable symbiosis technology are effectively combined, so that the floating plate has a remarkable promoting effect on promoting the development of agricultural fishery.

(3) The technical scheme of the invention adopts the synergistic effect of the composite microecological preparation, and solves the problems of frequent water change and large water change amount in the fishery culture process. Compared with the traditional culture mode which utilizes a large amount of chemical agents or antibiotics, the microecological agent is an environment-friendly additive, can stimulate the action of beneficial bacteria in the water body, and has more remarkable purification effect on culture tail water; meanwhile, the immunity of the cultured fish is enhanced, the fish is healthy, and the benefit is improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure;

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for the in-situ treatment of water quality of a lateolabrax japonicus culture pond provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for the in-situ treatment of water quality of a lateolabrax japonicus culture pond provided by the embodiment 2 of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an aquaculture pond provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an aquaculture pond provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the weight gain of a test lateolabrax japonicus according to the embodiment of the present invention; wherein the TG group is an in-situ treatment pond; the CG group is a blank control pond;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a DO dissolved oxygen water quality indicator for a portion of an in situ treatment pond provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 illustrates in situ treatment of NO in a portion of a pond provided by an embodiment of the present invention ₂ -a schematic diagram of a water quality indicator for N nitrite nitrogen;

FIG. 8 illustrates in situ treatment of pond NH in part according to an embodiment of the present invention ₄ -N ammonia nitrogen water quality index schematic diagram;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a TN total nitrogen water quality index of the in-situ treatment pond part provided by the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of water quality indexes of total TP in a part of in-situ treatment pond provided by the embodiment of the invention;

in the figure: 1. an outer river channel; 2. a water inlet channel; 3. a pond ridge; 4. a waterwheel aerator; 5. an impeller type aerator; 6. a floating plate; 7. a bacteria cultivation barrel; 8. rice; 9. a water outlet pipeline; 10. single-phase submersible pumps.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

1. Illustrative examples are illustrated:

example 1

As shown in fig. 1, the method for the in-situ treatment of water quality of a lateolabrax japonicus aquaculture pond provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

s101, standardized design and transformation of the pond are carried out, and particularly water inlet and water outlet pipes are separately arranged to realize water inlet and water outlet separation.

S102, preparing the pond before fish entering, including cleaning and sterilizing bottom mud of the pond; adding water to culture bacteria and algae, and preparing and expanding microecological preparation.

S103, expanding culture and using of each microecological preparation in the culture process.

And S104, planting aquatic plants by using the floating plate 6, and performing assisted probiotic permanent planting.

In the embodiment of the invention, in the step S101, in the standardized transformation of the pond, under the perfect design of other facilities, the separation of the water inlet channel and the water discharge channel is strongly required, the water inlet channel 2 ensures that the water source is clean and does not contain harmful pathogens, the water discharge channel is independently designed, the pond and the water discharge channel are connected by the single-phase submersible pump 10, the rapid water discharge can be conveniently realized during fishery operations such as fish production, and meanwhile, the cross contamination among the ponds, the pond and the external river channel 1 is avoided.

In the embodiment of the invention, in the step S102, after the pond bottom mud is ploughed by the excavator, quicklime is splashed in the whole pond according to the dosage of 50 kg/mu, the pond is exposed for several days to kill the harmful organisms in the bottom mud, bacillus, EM (effective microorganisms) and the like are added before fish entering to stabilize the water phase, and the microecologics occupy the microbial ecological niche of the ecological system of the pond in advance.

In the embodiment of the invention, in the step S103, all the probiotics are live culture fresh strains, and the microecologics can effectively stabilize the pH of the water body, improve the water color, strongly decompose organic substances such as residual bait, feces and the like in the water body, and promote the substance circulation of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, phosphate and the like in the pond system; inhibit the propagation of harmful bacteria and algae and effectively purify the water body.

In the embodiment of the invention, in the step S104, the floating plate 6 is used for planting the aquatic plants, so that the root systems of the aquatic plants absorb substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in water, the substance circulation is promoted, and the deposition of harmful substances on the pond bottom is reduced. Meanwhile, the root system is clustered, so that the attachment area of the microecological preparation in the pond is greatly increased, the probiotics can be planted more easily, and the water purification effect can be exerted synergistically.

In the embodiment of the invention, in the step S104, the area of the floating plate 6 is preferably 20% -30% of the culture water surface, and proper laying of the floating plate 6 can improve the shading environment for fish in water, and particularly in the high-temperature period in summer, the water temperature is effectively reduced, and the photosynthesis of phytoplankton, photosynthetic bacteria and the like in the water is not influenced, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is not influenced. Under the premise of ensuring the normal and healthy growth of fish and promoting the self-purification of water, the method additionally brings the benefits of aquatic plants such as aquatic rice, water spinach, celery and the like.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for in-situ treatment of water quality of a lateolabrax japonicus aquaculture pond, and the method for in-situ treatment of water quality of the lateolabrax japonicus aquaculture pond comprises:

micro-ecological preparations are cultivated in the pond culture water body, and occupy probiotic ecological niches; meanwhile, floating plates 6 are laid in the pond culture water body, aquatic plants are planted, micro-ecological preparations are added for field planting, and breeding of harmful microorganisms in the water body is inhibited.

Wherein, the pond culture water relies on the synergistic purification effect of various microecological preparations to realize tail water emission reduction and even zero discharge.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

s201, preparing a culture pond, and forming the pond which is suitable in size and depth, convenient to water inlet and discharge, high in safety factor and convenient to conventional culture management through standardized design and transformation of the pond.

S202, cleaning the aquaculture pond, turning over the bottom of the pond, solarizing for a plurality of days, splashing quicklime into the pond, and killing bacteria, pathogens, parasites and the like on the bottom of the pond.

S203, checking algae phase of the water body after water inflow, checking residual chlorine and other water quality indexes, and after the water body is stable, culturing microecological preparations such as bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and the like into the pond to occupy a probiotic ecological niche, wherein the aerator runs around the clock in the period to prepare for subsequent culture.

And S204, expanding the culture of the microecological preparation and supplementing beneficial flora in the pond in time.

S205, laying the foam floating plates 6 at the edge of the water surface of the pond, planting aquatic rice or other aquatic plants, and enabling root systems to grow freely in water, so that planting of probiotics in water is facilitated.

S206, carrying out pond management according to the culture of the lateolabrax japonicus, periodically monitoring the conventional water quality indexes of the water body in the period, and emphasizedly observing the changes of dissolved oxygen, nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the water body.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the preparation of the aquaculture pond in step S201 requires that the pond is located in a defined aquaculture area and is adjacent to an external river channel 1 or coastal river channel (as shown in fig. 3) with sufficient water source, good water quality, smooth tide and convenient water injection and drainage. The pond area is required to be proper, the pond surface is proper to be a regular square or rectangle (the east-west direction is long, the south-north direction is wide), so that the pond is more sufficiently illuminated, the pond is made into a slope and extends towards the bottom of the pond to form an earth pond (as shown in figure 4) with an inverted trapezoid cross section, the collapse of the pond ridge 3 is prevented, the general depth is more than 2.5m, and the over-high water temperature in summer caused by over-shallow water depth is prevented. The water inlet and the water outlet pipes are required to be arranged separately, and the water outlet pipe extends to the bottom of the pond, so that the discharged tail water is bottom water. The pond foundation is required to be reserved for 3-5m as a hardened pavement, so that the vehicle is convenient to go through to convey feed, adult fish and the like, and electric facilities are built at the roadside nearby completely so as to facilitate installation and maintenance of electric equipment such as an aerator, a water pump and the like. According to the requirements of culture scale and pond size, a corresponding number of oxygen-increasing machines are equipped, generally at least 13 kw impeller type oxygen-increasing machine 5 is equipped under every 10000 adult fishes, and is installed in the center of the pond, and a 1.5kw waterwheel type oxygen-increasing machine 4 is equipped for standby.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, an outer riverway 1 is communicated with a pond through a water inlet channel 2 and a pond ridge 3, a waterwheel type aerator 4 is installed in the pond, and a plurality of bacteria culture barrels 7 are placed on the pond ridge 3; the floating plate 6 is erected between frames enclosed by the pond banks 3, rice 8 is planted on the upper portion of the pond, and pond water is conveyed into the outer river channel 1 from the water outlet pipeline 9 through the single-phase submersible pump 10.

In the embodiment of the invention, the pond bottom is ploughed in the step S202, the sludge at the bottom of the pond is dug deeply by an excavator, the deposited sludge is ploughed and solarized, sludge generated by the excretion and death of organisms, the feed residual bait and the long-term deposition of organic substances in the previous cultivation process is cleaned, and quicklime is sprinkled in the whole pond according to the dosage of 50 kg/mu. The disease death of the lateolabrax japonicus caused by the breeding latency of a large amount of bacteria, pathogens, parasites and the like at the bottom of the pond is avoided. After the soil is hardened, water can be fed in after the soil is exposed to the sun for a plurality of days.

In the embodiment of the invention, the beneficial bacteria in the step S203 occupy the ecological niche of the microorganism in the pond in advance, the pond cleaning drugs such as quicklime play roles, and after the residual chlorine in the water body is detected to reach a proper range, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and the like are put into the pond, so that the microecological preparation is planted preferentially, and the breeding of harmful microorganisms in the water body is inhibited.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the microbial ecological agents described in step S203 are all purchased from fisheries biology ltd, beijing, and are respectively bacillus compositus (total bacteria number is greater than or equal to 2 × 10) ⁸ CFU/g), bacillus subtilis (total number of bacteria is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10) ¹⁰ CFU/g), lactic acid bacteria (total bacteria number is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10) ¹⁰ CEU/g), EM (total number of bacteria is more than or equal to 1 × 10) ¹² CFU/g), high activity photosynthetic bacteria (total bacteria number is more than or equal to 9 multiplied by 10) ⁹ CFU/ml), photosynthetic bacterial flora (total bacterial count ≥ 1 × 10) ⁸ CFU/ml)。

In the embodiment of the present invention, the expanding culture and use of the microecologics described in step S204 includes the following steps:

(1) The bacillus is directly dissolved and activated by clean well water or tap water after full aeration, and splashed in the pond in the morning on sunny days, wherein the dosage is 500-1000 g/mu.m (the proper dosage can be added when the water quality condition is poor).

(2) The photosynthetic bacteria need to be expanded, 200L of tap water is taken by a white plastic barrel and is firstly placed in the sun for aeration for 2-3 days, the content of residual chlorine is checked, 1kg of photosynthetic bacteria culture medium is added after the residual chlorine is dissipated, the components of the photosynthetic bacteria culture medium are vitamins, amino acids and various ionic nitrogen, phosphorus, manganese, iron, magnesium, potassium, sodium and the like, the photosynthetic bacteria culture medium is uniformly stirred after being added, high-activity photosynthetic bacteria liquid with the volume about 20 percent of the culture medium is added, the culture medium is sealed by a transparent plastic film and is kept at the temperature of more than 25 ℃ for culture for 3-5 days, the barrel is shaken to prevent bacteria from sinking to the bottom, the visible bacteria liquid gradually turns red and emits urine harassment odor during the culture period, the whole pond can be splashed when the color turns to be deep red and the odor is strong, the using amount of 500L/mu.m (the water quality condition can be properly added), and the cultured finished bacteria can also be continuously used as the strains for the next expansion culture.

(3) EM bacteria and lactic acid bacteria are required to be fermented and cultured firstly, 200L of tap water is contained in a plastic barrel, aeration is carried out for 2-3 days in the sun firstly, the content of residual chlorine is checked, after the residual chlorine is dissipated, 10kg of molasses and 2kg of rice bran are added, the mixture is stirred uniformly to be used as basic culture solution, then 1kg of fermentation material strains (high-activity strains and culture medium) are added, sealed culture is carried out for 3-5 days at the temperature of more than 25 ℃, the mixture is fully stirred by a bamboo stick and then sealed immediately, when the pH value of a bacteria solution is reduced to be below 4, strong acid fragrance is emitted, fermentation can be completed, the whole pond can be splashed, the using amount is 500L/mu.m.m. (the water quality condition can be properly added), and the cultured finished bacteria can also be continuously used as strains for the next fermentation.

(4) The microecologics are all beneficial microbiota, so the microecologics cannot be used with a disinfectant, an insecticide, an antibiotic and the like, are best used in the morning on a sunny day, and are required to work to patrol the pond 2-5 hours after being used, so that the water body and fish conditions are concerned.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the floating plate 6 laid in step S205 needs to be light, large in buoyancy and firm to bear enough aquatic plant growth and resist natural extreme weather such as typhoon, the laying position does not affect fishery operations such as feeding and net-hauling, the laying area should not exceed 30% of the water surface, and if the laying area is too large, serious shading, too low water dissolved oxygen, limited fish activity space, and the like may be caused. The root system of the selected plant is suitable for the planting of probiotics, such as rice 8, water spinach, celery and the like.

In the embodiment of the invention, the water quality index is periodically detected and the bacterial load and time are adjusted according to weather, temperature and water quality conditions strictly according to the management of the lateolabrax japonicus culture pond in the step S205 and the early, middle and late pond patrolling.

In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in a certain embodiment.

2. The application example is as follows:

application example

The embodiment of the invention provides a method for in-situ treatment of water quality of a lateolabrax japonicus culture pond, which comprises the following steps:

1) The experimental pond is provided by a estuary fishery research institute in a certain city area of a certain province, and the lateolabrax japonicus fry is the artificial breeding fry of the water production fry finite responsibility company in a certain city of a certain province

2) Preparation of aquaculture ponds

The pond is located in a defined culture area and is adjacent to an external river channel 1 or coastal river channel with sufficient water source, good water quality, smooth tide and convenient water injection and drainage. The area of the pond is designed according to local conditions, and the pond surface is preferably a regular square or rectangle (the east-west direction is long, and the south-north direction is wide). Completely pumping out the water in the original pond, insolating for several days, ploughing the bottom mud of the pond by using an excavator after the bottom mud is hardened and hardened, and extending the four sides of the bottom mud to the bottom of the pond by taking slopes to form a soil pond with an inverted trapezoidal section (as shown in figure 4) so as to prevent the pond ridge 3 from collapsing, wherein the depth of the pond is 2.5-3m. The water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline are required to be separately arranged, and the single-phase submersible pump is placed at the bottom of the pond (as shown in figure 4). The pond foundation is required to be reserved for 2-3m as a hardened pavement, so that the vehicle is convenient to go through to convey feed, adult fish and the like, and electric facilities are built at the roadside nearby completely so as to facilitate installation and maintenance of electric equipment such as an aerator, a water pump and the like. The pond is completely prepared at the bottom of 6 months in 2022, the water surface is 1 mu, the water depth is more than 2.5m, 4000 lateolabrax japonicus is bred, 13 kw impeller type aerator 5 is arranged at the center of the pond, and a 1.5kw waterwheel type aerator 4 is additionally arranged for standby.

3) Use of pond cleaning and micro-ecological preparation

After the bottom of the pond is ploughed, 50kg of quicklime is splashed into the whole pond by an excavator, the pond is exposed for one week, the harmful organisms in the bottom sludge are killed, and after the odor of the bottom sludge is obviously dissipated, a clean water source of an external river channel 1 is added. At the moment, the aerator is started to operate for 24 hours so as to increase the dissolved oxygen in the pond. Microscopic examination of algae phase in water, adding chlorine dioxide 5kg to kill blue algae in water, and adding Bacillus (total bacteria number is not less than 2 × 10) after residual chlorine is not detected ⁸ CFU/g) 1kg, EM bacteria (total bacteria number is more than or equal to 1 × 10 ¹² CFU/g) 500L, applied 1 time every other day, at least 3 times, and cultured in water before entering fishThe algae phase and the flora make the micro-ecological preparation occupy the microbial ecological niche of the pond ecological system.

Temporarily culturing Lateolabrax japonicus in a workshop for thickening, testing the stability and suitability of each index of pond water quality, pumping a barrel of pond water to test 10 Lateolabrax japonicus for 24h, and if the Lateolabrax japonicus is normally alive and has good activity, taking the Lateolabrax japonicus out of the pond. And (3) carrying out acute anesthesia by using eugenol at 8 a.m. on a sunny day, quickly conveying the fresh weever to an air inlet of the pond, putting the fresh weever into the pond, continuously splashing the fresh weever by using pond water after the fresh weever enters water, and enabling the fresh weever to normally swim to the water in a few minutes.

In the early stage of cultivation, EM bacteria and lactic acid bacteria are mainly applied, after fermentation culture is carried out for 5-6 days, pH is reduced to 4 (if the pH is not reduced to 4 due to weather and other reasons, the fermentation culture is properly carried out for 1-2 days again in a sealing way, and the content of mixed bacteria in a bacteria barrel is minimum after the pH is reduced to 4), the continuous use is carried out for 2 days, then the bacteria are cultured again, and the continuous application is carried out according to the cycle. The microecological preparation such as lactobacillus can neutralize chemical substances used for cleaning the pond by applying quicklime, chlorine dioxide and the like in the early stage, effectively stabilize the pH value of the water body, improve the water color, stabilize the algae phase, preliminarily decompose organic substances such as residual bait and excrement at the bottom of the water body and the pond under the condition of relatively less feeding and excretion in the early stage of the cultivation of the lateolabrax japonicus, inhibit the propagation of harmful germs in the water body and the like.

In the middle stage of cultivation, when the lactic acid bacteria and EM bacteria are applied, the photosynthetic bacteria are applied, and after the photosynthetic bacteria are applied under the illumination for 5-6 days, the visible bacteria liquid obviously becomes dark red, and at the moment, 500L/time of full pond is splashed for 2 days continuously. The photosynthetic bacteria can use light as energy and utilize organic matters, sulfides and ammonia in the environment to carry out photosynthesis under the conditions of anaerobic illumination and the like, so that the photosynthetic bacteria have the functions of fixing carbon, fixing nitrogen, removing nitrogen, oxidizing sulfides and the like, can degrade the organic matters, ammonia nitrogen, sulfur-containing compounds and the like in the aquaculture water body, and play a role in regulating and stabilizing the water quality.

In the later stage of cultivation, because the bait feeding amount is large and the excretion amount is large, if the residual feed, animal waste and other organic substances are not decomposed in time, the residual feed, the animal waste and other organic substances can be continuously deposited and deteriorate the water body, and therefore, in the later stage of cultivation, the EM bacteria and the photosynthetic bacteria are applied, and simultaneously, the bacillus is applied. 2kg of bacillus is added into water and splashed into the whole pond at 9 am on sunny days for 1 time per week. Compared with lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and the like, the bacillus has stronger bottom-modifying water purification capacity, can directly digest ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like in the water body, has no obvious influence on the dissolved oxygen and the pH value of the culture water body after being used, but can greatly reduce the contents of the ammonia nitrogen, the nitrite and the sulfide; can be directly sunk to the water bottom after being thrown by the whole pond to decompose residual bait, excrement, dead moss, dead algae and the like on the bottom of the pond; meanwhile, the bacillus can inhibit the propagation of harmful bacteria by producing substances such as vibrio resistance and the like or biological antagonism; can also remove toxin and relieve the toxic action of the Perch by absorbing and decomposing toxic and harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide and the like at the bottom of the pond.

4) Laying floating plates 6 and planting rice 8

Lay kickboard 6 at the pond edge that does not influence to throw the material and the oxygen-increasing machine operation, lay 0.2 mu in area, tie up reinforcing kickboard 6 with enough firm fibre rope to resist bad weather such as typhoon. Rice 8 is planted on the plate, and the root system naturally grows in water. The 8 rice roots can absorb ammonia, phosphorus and the like in the water body, on one hand, the water quality is purified, the self growth is promoted, the pesticide investment is reduced, on the other hand, the roots provide a large amount of attachment bases for the microecological preparation, the purification effect of the microecological preparation on the water body is promoted, and the two synergistic effects jointly regulate the water quality of the lateolabrax japonicus pond in situ.

5) Daily management and water quality index detection of pond

Performing three night pond patrolling in the morning, at noon and at night according to the daily management of the lateolabrax japonicus culture pond; observing weather changes and observing the eating condition of fish school; regularly sampling and observing the health condition of the fish body; the pond water quality is monitored regularly, at least 1 time a week. After several months of culture, all indexes of the water quality of the lateolabrax japonicus in-situ treatment pond are better than those of a control group, the dissolved oxygen content is obviously higher than that of the control group after photosynthetic bacteria are used, nitrite and ammonia nitrogen are obviously lower than that of the control group at the later stage of culture, and the total phosphorus and the total nitrogen in the pond are effectively controlled. During the culture period, the pond is not subjected to pollution discharge and water change, and zero discharge of culture tail water is basically realized. Practice proves that when the lactobacillus, the photosynthetic bacteria, the bacillus and other microecological preparations are used cooperatively, the purification effect of the microorganisms on water can be amplified, and the regulation and control effect on the pond water quality is more obvious. Therefore, the invention is a necessary tool for solving the problem of zero discharge of tail water of the high-density traditional culture pond of the lateolabrax japonicus.

3. Evidence of the relevant effects of the examples:

in the experiments, the use of the probiotic in the in situ treatment ponds is shown in table 1.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the weight gain of a test lateolabrax japonicus according to the embodiment of the present invention; wherein the TG group is an in-situ treatment pond; the CG group is a blank control pond; as can be seen from FIG. 5, after a certain period of cultivation, the growth rate of the pond treated in situ by using the micro-ecological preparation is increased by 16%, which is significantly better than that of the pond treated in situ by using the blank control group.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a DO dissolved oxygen water quality indicator for a portion of an in situ treatment pond provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 illustrates in situ treatment of NO in part of a pond according to an embodiment of the present invention ₂ -a schematic diagram of a water quality indicator for N nitrite nitrogen;

FIG. 8 illustrates in situ treatment of pond NH in part according to an embodiment of the present invention ₄ -N ammonia nitrogen water quality index schematic diagram;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a water quality index of TN total nitrogen in the in-situ treatment pond part provided by the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of water quality indexes of total TP in a part of in-situ treatment pond provided by the embodiment of the invention;

as can be seen from the fig. 6-10, the culture example shows that the tail water in the lateolabrax japonicus pond is treated in situ by combining the microecologics with the planting of the floating plate 6 aquatic plants, so that a plurality of water quality physicochemical indexes are obviously improved, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like can be stably controlled, and the growth of fishes is facilitated.

TABLE 1 in situ treatment of Pond conditions of use of probiotics

Date	Species of	Amount of the composition
			7 month and 3 days	Bacillus and EM bacteria	2kg、500L
7 month and 11 days	EM (effective microorganisms)	500L
			7 month and 20 days	EM bacteria and lactic acid bacteria	Total 500L
7 month and 26 days	Lactic acid bacteria	500L
			7 month and 30 days	Photosynthetic bacteria	500L
8 month and 4 days	Lactic acid bacteria	500L
			8 month and 6 days	Photosynthetic bacteria	500L
8 month and 11 days	Lactic acid bacteria	500L
			8 month and 13 days	Photosynthetic bacteria	500L
8 month and 19 days	Lactic acid bacteria	500L
			8 month and 21 days	Photosynthetic bacteria	500L
8 month and 27 days	Lactic acid bacteria	500L
			8 month and 28 days	Photosynthetic bacteria	500L
9 month and 5 days	Lactic acid bacteria	500L
			9 month and 7 days	Photosynthetic bacteria	500L
9 months and 14 days	Lactic acid bacteria	500L
			9 month and 17 days	Photosynthetic bacteria	500L
9 month and 21 days	Bacillus sp	2kg
			9 month and 23 days	Lactic acid bacteria	500L
9 month and 25 days	Photosynthetic bacteria	500L
			10 months and 1 day	Lactic acid bacteria	500L
10 months and 4 days	Photosynthetic bacteria	500L
			10 months and 7 days	Bacillus	2kg
10 months and 11 days	Photosynthetic bacteria	500L
			10 months and 13 days	Lactic acid bacteria	500L
10 months and 17 days	Bacillus sp	2kg

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for the in-situ treatment of water quality of a lateolabrax japonicus culture pond is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a microecological preparation is cultivated in the pond culture water body, and occupies probiotic ecological niches;

the floating plates (6) are paved in the pond, aquatic plants are planted to increase the planting effect of the microecologics, and the breeding of harmful microorganisms in the water body is inhibited.

2. The method for the in-situ treatment of the water quality of the lateolabrax japonicus culture pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that before the microecologics are added into the culture water body of the pond, the following steps are carried out:

cleaning and disinfecting the culture pond;

cleaning the aquaculture pond, turning over the bottom of the pond, solarizing for a plurality of days, and splashing quicklime into the pond to kill bacteria, pathogens and parasites at the bottom of the pond;

and after the aquaculture pond is filled with water, checking algae phase in the water body, and checking residual chlorine and water quality indexes.

3. The method for the in-situ treatment of water quality in a lateolabrax japonicus aquaculture pond according to claim 2, characterized in that the aquaculture pond is located adjacent to a water source, a smooth-tide external river (1) or coastal.

4. The method for the in-situ treatment of the water quality of the lateolabrax japonicus culture pond as claimed in claim 2, wherein the quicklime is splashed in the whole pond according to the dosage of 50 kg/mu.

5. The method for in-situ treatment of water quality in lateolabrax japonicus aquaculture ponds according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the step of treating the water quality in lateolabrax japonicus aquaculture ponds in situThe microecological preparation comprises: the total number of the composite bacillus is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10 ⁸ CFU/g, the total number of bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 ¹⁰ CFU/g, total number of lactobacillus is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 ¹⁰ CEU/g, EM bacteria total number is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 ¹² CFU/g, high activity photosynthetic bacteria total number greater than or equal to 9 x 10 ⁹ CFU/ml, photosynthetic bacteria group total bacteria number not less than 1 x 10 ⁸ CFU/ml。

6. The method for the in-situ treatment of the water quality of the lateolabrax japonicus culture pond according to the claim 1, wherein the expanding culture of the microecologics comprises the following steps:

(1) Directly dissolving and activating bacillus, wherein the using amount is 500-1000 g/mu.m;

(2) Expanding culture of photosynthetic bacteria, aerating tap water in the sun, adding 1kg of photosynthetic bacteria culture medium containing vitamins, amino acids and ionic nitrogen, phosphorus, manganese, iron, magnesium, potassium and sodium after residual chlorine dissipates, uniformly stirring to prepare photosynthetic bacteria culture solution, adding high-activity photosynthetic bacteria liquid with the volume of 20% of the culture solution, sealing by using a transparent plastic film, and culturing for 3-5 days at the temperature of more than 25 ℃ in the sun;

(3) Fermenting and culturing EM bacteria and lactic acid bacteria, aerating tap water in the sun for 2-3 days, adding 10kg of molasses and 2kg of rice bran after residual chlorine is dissipated, uniformly stirring to serve as basic culture solution, adding 1kg of fermentation material strain of EM bacteria or lactic acid bacteria, performing sealed culture at the temperature of above 25 ℃ for 3-5 days, fully stirring by using a bamboo stick during the period, immediately sealing, and reducing the pH value of the bacteria solution to below 4.

7. The method for in-situ treatment of water quality of a lateolabrax japonicus culture pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the area of the laid floating plate (6) is not more than 30% of the water surface, and aquatic plants including one or more of rice (8), water spinach and celery are planted.

8. The method for the in-situ treatment of the water quality of the lateolabrax japonicus culture pond according to the claim 2, which is characterized in that the bacterial consumption and time of the microecological preparation are adjusted according to the water quality indexes detected at regular intervals and the conditions of weather, temperature and water quality are integrated, and meanwhile, the water body is oxygenated in all weather by using an aerator.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein in adjusting the bacterial load and time of the microecologics, the pond management is performed according to the weever culture, and the conventional water quality index of the water body is regularly monitored during the pond management, so as to detect the changes of dissolved oxygen, nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body.

10. A lateolabrax japonicus aquaculture pond for implementing the method for the in-situ treatment of the water quality of the lateolabrax japonicus aquaculture pond according to any one of the claims 1 to 8.

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