CN115943887A - Breeding method of new variety of wheat with strong light resistance and high temperature resistance - Google Patents
Breeding method of new variety of wheat with strong light resistance and high temperature resistance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of a new wheat variety with strong light resistance and high temperature resistance, which takes new wheat 26 as a female parent and Zheng wheat 7698 as a male parent for hybridization; taking an F1 generation material as a female parent and Zheng wheat 0856 as a male parent to obtain a compound F1 generation, and selecting a single plant with excellent agronomic characters, wherein Fv/Fm is more than or equal to 0.77, and qP is more than or equal to 0.68; planting F2 generation, breeding F2 generation-F4 generation excellent single plants according to the previous process, planting F5, selecting plant line with excellent character, and measuring net photosynthetic rate P n Transpiration rate T r PSII maximum photochemical efficiency F v /F m And photochemical quenching coefficient q P Selecting P n ≥22.5μmolCO 2 ·m ‑2 ·s ‑1 、T r ≥5.5μmolH 2 O·m ‑2 ·s ‑1 、F v /F m Not less than 0.77 and q P The strain is more than or equal to 0.68, and F6 generation seeds, namely a new variety of the wheat with strong light and high temperature resistance, are obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wheat variety breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a high photosynthetic rate wheat new variety.
Background
Wheat is a cool-loving crop, and when the temperature is continuously higher than 30 ℃ and the weather is accompanied by strong light after the wheat blooms, the growth of the wheat is influenced. In the Huang-Huai-Mai region and the northern winter region of China, the late growth period of wheat is often 30 ℃ or even more than 35 ℃, and the light intensity reaches 1700 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The strong light and high temperature compound adversity has the harm area of about 2 hundred million mu sometimes, the wheat yield and quality are seriously influenced, and the strong light and high temperature stress becomes one of the main factors restricting the wheat production in China.
The traditional breeding method of a new variety of wheat with strong light and high temperature resistance generally comprises the steps of carrying out strong light and high temperature stress on a bred high-generation strain in a strong light and high temperature environment, evaluating the strong light and high temperature resistance of different strains by taking the yield or thousand kernel weight of stressed grains as a screening index, and finally selecting a new variety of wheat with strong light and high temperature resistance. The selection technology does not carry out identification on the strong light and high temperature resistant characteristics of parent and different generation materials, and has the defects of high blindness, low selection efficiency and accuracy and the like.
Therefore, the problem that needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field is how to provide an accurate directional breeding method for a new variety of wheat with strong light and high temperature resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention integrates the gas exchange parameter and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter measurement technology, sets the selection index and value according to the specific planting conditions of the parent and the different generation materials, and finally can realize the accurate and efficient selection of the strong light and high temperature resistance characteristics of wheat, thereby providing a new technical support for cultivating new varieties of strong light and high temperature resistance wheat.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding a new variety of wheat with strong light resistance and high temperature resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Hybridizing the Xinmai 26 serving as a female parent and Zheng mai 7698 serving as a male parent to obtain F1 generation seeds, and planting to obtain F1 generation plants;
2) Taking the F1 generation material as a female parent and Zheng wheat 0856 as a male parent to obtain a compound F1 generation;
3) Selecting F1 generation individual plants with excellent agronomic characters, measuring PSII maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm and photochemical quenching coefficient qP, and selecting individual plants with Fv/Fm more than or equal to 0.77 and qP more than or equal to 0.68;
4) Planting the F2 generation seeds, and breeding F2 generation-F4 generation excellent single plants, wherein the method is the same as the step 3);
5) Planting F5 generation seeds, selecting the plant line with excellent characters, and measuring the net photosynthetic rate P n Transpiration rate T r PSII maximum photochemical efficiency F v /F m And photochemical quenching coefficient q P Selecting P n ≥22.5μmolCO 2 ·m -2 ·s -1 、T r ≥5.5μmolH 2 O·m -2 ·s -1 、F v /F m Not less than 0.77 and q P The strain is more than or equal to 0.68, and F6 generation seeds, namely a new variety of the wheat with strong light and high temperature resistance, are obtained.
In conclusion, the breeding technology of the new variety of the wheat with strong light and high temperature resistance provided by the invention can accurately and scientifically breed the new variety of the wheat with strong light and high temperature resistance. The key improvement points of the technology are as follows: the gas exchange parameter and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter measuring technology is integrated in the selection process from parent selection to F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6 generation offspring, and the accuracy and the scientificity of character selection are greatly improved. The invention also sets different measuring indexes and index values according to the population characteristics of different generations, such as: considering that the material populations of F2, F3 and F4 generations are larger, and the chlorophyll fluorescence measurement technology has the characteristic of high-throughput rapid measurement, only the measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and qP is carried out in the three generations. On the other hand, in order to prevent the omission of selection of excellent individuals, the selection values of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and qP were also appropriately reduced to 0.79 and 0.65 at F2 and F3 generations to ensure selection of excellent individuals.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for breeding a new variety of wheat with strong light resistance and high temperature resistance comprises the following steps:
(1) And (4) selecting single-cross parents.
Firstly, a new wheat 26 which is resistant to late growth period strong light and high temperature wheat germplasm resources is created, and the light intensity of the material in the field reaches 1700 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 Under the composite adverse environment with the air temperature up to 35 ℃, the photosynthetic rate can reach 24.3 mu molCO 2 ·m -2 ·s -1 The transpiration rate was 6.0. Mu. MolH 2 O·m -2 ·s -1 PSII maximum photochemical efficiency F v /F m 0.803 and a photochemical quenching coefficient q P Is 0.676.
The Zhengmai variety with high light efficiency 7698 has light intensity up to 1700 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 Under the composite adverse environment with the air temperature up to 35 ℃, the photosynthetic rate can reach 25.0 mu molCO 2 ·m -2 ·s -1 The transpiration rate is
5.7μmolH 2 O·m -2 ·s -1 PSII maximum photochemical efficiency F v /F m 0.807, photochemical quenching coefficient q P Is 0.701.
New wheat 26 is used as female parent, and Zheng wheat 7698, a high-photosynthetic-efficiency and high-quality strong-gluten wheat variety, is used as male parent to prepare the cross combination.
(2) And selecting single cross F1 generation and multiple cross parent.
Sowing the harvested single hybrid seeds of the Xinmai 26/Zheng mai 7698 to a test field, wherein the row spacing is 26cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, the row length is 100cm, and 55F 1 single plants are obtained. The field light intensity reaches 1700 mu mol.m 18 days after wheat blossoms -2 ·s -1 The photosynthetic and fluorescence parameter measurement is carried out on the composite adversity with the air temperature reaching 35 ℃, and the result shows that the photosynthetic rate of the composite F1 material can reach 26.2molCO 2 ·m -2 ·s -1 Transpiration rate of 6.3. Mu. MolH 2 O·m -2 ·s -1 PSII maximum photochemical efficiency F v /F m 0.812, photochemical quenching coefficient q P Is 0.688. Taking F1 generation material as female parent and Zheng wheat 0856 as male parent (the field light intensity reaches 1700 mu mol. M) -2 ·s -1 Under the composite adverse environment with the air temperature reaching 35 ℃, the photosynthetic rate of the variety reaches 23.9 mu molCO 2 ·m -2 ·s -1 Transpiration rate of 5.9. Mu. MolH 2 O·m -2 ·s -1 PSII maximum photochemical efficiency F v /F m 0.802, photochemical quenching coefficient q P 0.693), a backcross combination (Xinmai 26/zheng mai 7698// zheng mai 0856) was prepared.
(3) And (4) carrying out repeated crossing on the F1 generation selection method.
And sowing all the obtained compound cross seeds to a test field, wherein the row spacing is 26cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, and the row length is 330cm, so that 180 single compound cross F1 plants are obtained. Firstly, selecting single plants with excellent agronomic characters such as stripe rust, leaf rust, powdery mildew, plant height, tiller number, spikelet number, cold resistance and the like, and selecting 60 plants in total. On the basis, the maximum photochemical efficiency F of PSII of the 60 primary selected materials is measured by a saturated pulse type fluorescence instrument under the conditions of strong light and high temperature at noon 18 days after wheat blossoms v /F m And photochemical quenching coefficient q P Selecting F v /F m Not less than 0.77 and q P And (3) more than or equal to 0.68 of single plants, and finally obtaining 20 single plants which have excellent comprehensive agronomic characters and meet the index requirements.
(4) F2 generation material selection method.
The harvested seeds of 20F 1 generation single plants are mixed together, 1000 seeds are selected and sowed, the row spacing is 26cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, the row length is 1800cm, and finally 930 plants of the F2 generation group are obtained. Firstly, selecting single plants with excellent agronomic characters such as stripe rust, leaf rust, powdery mildew, plant height, tiller number, spikelet number, cold resistance and the like, and selecting 135 plants in total. On the basis, the maximum photochemical efficiency F of PSII of the 135 primary selected materials is measured by a saturated pulse type fluorescence instrument under the conditions of strong light and high temperature at noon 18 days after wheat blossoms v /F m And photochemical quenching coefficient q P Selecting F v /F m ≥0.77 and q P And (4) more than or equal to 0.68, and finally obtaining 47 single plants which have excellent comprehensive agronomic characters and meet the index requirements.
(5) F3 generation material selection method.
The harvested 47F 2 generation individual plant seeds are sown into F3 generation according to plant lines, the seeds of each F2 individual plant are planted into 2 double-row areas, the wide row width is 27cm, the narrow row width is 18cm, the plant spacing is 6.6cm, and the row length is 200cm. Firstly, selecting single plants with excellent agronomic characters such as stripe rust, leaf rust, powdery mildew, plant height, tillering number, spikelet number, cold resistance and the like, and selecting 240 single plants in total. On the basis, the maximum photochemical efficiency F of the PSII of the 240 primary selected materials is measured by a saturated pulse type fluorescence instrument under the conditions of strong light and high temperature at noon 18 days after the wheat blooms v /F m And photochemical quenching coefficient q P Selecting F v /F m Not less than 0.77 and q P And (4) more than or equal to 0.68 of single plants, and finally obtaining 95 single plants (5F 3 generation strains) which have excellent comprehensive agronomic characters and meet the index requirements.
(6) F4 generation material selection method.
The harvested 95F 3 generation single plant seeds are sown into F4 generation according to plant lines, 5 large lines are planted in wide and narrow rows, the width of the wide row is 27cm, the width of the narrow row is 18cm, the plant spacing is 6.6cm, the row length is 200cm, and the seeds of each F3 single plant are planted into 1 double-row area. 17 strains with excellent agronomic characters such as stripe rust, leaf rust, powdery mildew, plant height, tiller number, small spike number, cold resistance and the like and basically regular characters are selected through field observation; the single plant 34 with the character still in the separation state and excellent comprehensive agronomic character performance. For 17 excellent lines with regular and consistent personality (3 excellent plants are selected respectively) and 34 excellent single plants which are not homozygous yet, the maximum photochemical efficiency F of PSII is respectively measured at the strong light and high temperature time at noon 18 days after wheat blossoms v /F m And photochemical quenching coefficient q P Selecting F v /F m Not less than 0.77 and q P And 4 superior lines and 6 superior plants which have excellent comprehensive agronomic characters and meet the index requirements are finally obtained. The 4 excellent lines are 376-4-4, 376-10-1, 376-12-10 and 376-46-2 respectively, and the 10 excellent lines are 376-7-3 strains respectively6 individuals in (1).
(7) F5 generation material selection method.
4 excellent lines and 6 excellent plants which are harvested are sown into F5 generations according to plant lines, 5 large lines are sown in wide and narrow rows, the width of the wide row is 27cm, the width of the narrow row is 18cm, the plant spacing is 6.6cm, the row length is 200cm, and seeds of each F4 single plant are planted into 2 double-row areas. According to field observation, 2 strains still have character separation phenomenon, and 19 strains with excellent agronomic characters such as stripe rust, leaf rust, powdery mildew, plant height, tiller number, small spike number, cold resistance and the like and regular and consistent characters are selected. On the basis, 3 representative strains are respectively selected from the 19 strains, and the net photosynthetic rate P of the 19 strains is measured 18 days after wheat blossoms under the conditions of high light and high temperature at noon n Transpiration rate T r PSII maximum photochemical efficiency F v /F m And photochemical quenching coefficient q P Selecting P n ≥22.5μmolCO 2 ·m -2 ·s -1 、T r ≥5.5μmolH 2 O·m -2 ·s -1 、F v /F m Not less than 0.77 and q P Not less than 0.68, and finally obtaining 3 strains which have excellent comprehensive agronomic characters and meet the index requirements, wherein the strains are 376-4-4-23, 376-7-3-11 and 376-46-2-2 respectively.
(8) F6 generation material selection method.
Respectively sowing 3 excellent harvested strains into 6 rows of cells, wherein the row spacing is 23.1cm, the row length is 4.26m, the basic seedling is 225 ten thousand per ha, repeating for 3 times, selecting 5 representative sample strains in each cell, and measuring the net photosynthetic rate P of the excellent harvested strains under the conditions of strong light and high temperature at noon 18 days after wheat blossoms n Obtaining P with excellent comprehensive agronomic characters n ≥22.5μmolCO 2 ·m -2 ·s -1 The strain of (a): 376-7-3-11 and 376-46-2-2, the photosynthetic rate of the two strains at the time of strong light and high temperature reaches 24.0 mu mol CO respectively 18 days after blooming 2 ·m -2 ·s -1 And 24.3. Mu. MolCO 2 ·m -2 ·s -1 . The yield identification result shows that the yields of 376-7-3-11 and 376-46-2-2 respectively reach 9081.0kg/ha and 9250.5kg/ha, and the yield is increased by 3.97 percent and 5.91 percent respectively compared with the regional test and Zhoumai 18. The yield increasing ratio of 07H159-22-10-10 exceeds 5 percent, reaches various selection indexes, and is named as Zheng wheat 2008 for finally selecting strains.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (1)
1. A method for breeding a new variety of wheat with strong light resistance and high temperature resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Hybridizing the Xinmai 26 serving as a female parent and Zheng mai 7698 serving as a male parent to obtain F1 generation seeds, and planting to obtain F1 generation plants;
2) Taking the F1 generation material as a female parent and Zheng wheat 0856 as a male parent to obtain a compound F1 generation;
3) Selecting F1 generation individual plants with excellent agronomic characters, measuring PSII maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm and photochemical quenching coefficient qP, and selecting individual plants with Fv/Fm more than or equal to 0.77 and qP more than or equal to 0.68;
4) Planting the F2 generation seeds, breeding F2 generation-F4 generation excellent single plants, and the method is the same as the step 3);
5) Planting F5 generation seeds, selecting the plant line with excellent characters, and measuring the net photosynthetic rate P n Transpiration rate T r PSII maximum photochemical efficiency F v /F m And photochemical quenching coefficient q P Selecting P n ≥22.5μmolCO 2 ·m -2 ·s -1 、T r ≥5.5μmolH 2 O·m -2 ·s -1 、F v /F m Not less than 0.77 and q P And (3) strains more than or equal to 0.68 to obtain F6 generation seeds, namely a new variety of the wheat with strong light and high temperature resistance.
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