CN115943211A - 肿瘤靶向鸡沙门氏菌菌株及其用途 - Google Patents
肿瘤靶向鸡沙门氏菌菌株及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及肿瘤靶向鸡沙门氏菌(Salmonella gallinarum)菌株及其用途,具有优异的肿瘤增殖抑制活性,能够特异性靶向肿瘤,因此可以在无副作用的情况下有效用于肿瘤的治疗及图像化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肿瘤靶向鸡沙门氏菌菌株及其用途。
背景技术
癌症是最常见的死亡原因之一,近年来,随着大气污染等环境污染物质的增加之类的因素及因饮食习惯西方化的高脂肪饮食的摄取、饮酒及吸烟之类的个人因素的增加,癌症的发病率呈逐渐上升的趋势。因此,用于癌症的早期预防及治疗的抗癌材料的开发的重要性日益重要起来。然而,基于化合物的抗癌剂常表现出除癌细胞外还作用于全身的非特异性的情况,因此存在副作用的问题。
另一方面,在报道细菌抑制癌症的现象后,开始了有关表现出抗癌效果的菌株的研究。近二十年来,一直在进行有关使用活细菌来治疗癌症的研究,已在癌症动物模型中分析了双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)、梭菌(Clostridium)、乳球菌(Lactococcus)、志贺氏菌(Shigella)、弧菌(Vibrio)、李斯特菌(Listeria)、埃希菌(Escherichia)及沙门氏菌(Salmonella)属的多种变异体。然而,使用这些菌株进行癌症治疗的基本机制尚未完全明晰。
其中,以往对有关将沙门氏菌菌株作为抗癌标记传递物的用途及阻碍癌细胞生长的用途进行了各种研究(专利文献1)。然而,之前已研究的沙门氏菌菌株因其不仅分布于癌细胞,还分布于多种器官,而其癌细胞靶向率低,因此癌症治疗的效率低,由菌株自身引起的副作用也成了问题。尤其,在免疫功能减弱的患者或者老弱者中,即使使用致病性经过处理而弱化的沙门氏菌菌株也会发生致命的败血症。并且,以往研究的沙门氏菌菌株在癌组织内的存活率较低,因此在有效治疗及向细胞内传递抗癌物质方面存在困难。
另一方面,关于鸡沙门氏菌(Salmonella gallinarum)菌株,已公开了用于预防家禽伤寒的疫苗组合物及饲料组合物(专利文献2),但尚无有关上述菌株的癌症治疗功效方面的公知内容。
本发明的发明人确认到缺乏鸟苷四磷酸(Guanosine tetraphosphate,ppGpp)生成能力的减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株与现有的沙门氏菌鼠伤寒菌株相比,具有优异的癌细胞靶向及存活率,并且对正常器官的靶向及存活率较弱,能够有效用在癌症治疗中,从而完成了本发明。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:韩国授权专利第10-2015573号
专利文献2:韩国公开专利第10-2011-0126227号
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的一目的在于,提供缺乏鸟苷四磷酸(Guanosine tetraphosphate,ppGpp)生成能力的减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株。
本发明的再一目的在于,提供包含上述鸡沙门氏菌菌株的用于预防或治疗肿瘤的药物组合物。
本发明的还有一目的在于,提供用于肿瘤分析的信息提供方法,包括:向对象给药上述鸡沙门氏菌菌株的步骤;检测上述菌株的生物发光(bioluminescence)的步骤;以及若检测出生物发光则判断对象中存在肿瘤的步骤。
在本发明中,对象可以为包括人类在内的动物,或者除人类以外的动物。
技术方案
于是,本发明人通过进行用于开发具有优异的癌细胞靶向及存活率并且对正常器官的靶向及存活率较弱的沙门氏菌菌株的研究完成了本发明。
本发明一方面提供缺乏鸟苷四磷酸生成能力的减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株。
本发明的缺乏鸟苷四磷酸生成能力的减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株可以特异性靶向肿瘤,能够有效治疗肿瘤的同时,可以使对肿瘤组织以外的正常器官的伤害最小化,可以有效用于肿瘤的预防、改善或者治疗。
本发明所使用的术语“减毒”是指通过变形减少菌株的致病性。通过菌株的减毒可以防止在除肿瘤细胞以外的正常细胞中因菌株的致病性可能出现的细胞毒性及其他副作用。减毒菌株可以通过本发明所属技术领域公知的方法来实现。例如,减毒可以通过使菌株在宿主细胞内生存的毒性因子(virulence factor)的缺失或者破坏来实现,可以通过在包括pab、proBC、nadA、pncB、pmi、rpsL、ompR、htrA、hemA、rfc、poxA、galU、aro、galE、cya、cyp、crp、cdt、pur、phoP、phoQ、ssa、guaA、guaB、clpP、clpX fliD、flgK、flgL、relA、spoA及spoT基因,以及ssaV、sseBCD、ssrAB、sopB、sseF、sseG的沙门氏菌毒力岛(PathogenecityIslands)中编码的基因的缺失来实现,但不限定于此。
根据本发明一具体例,上述菌株可以为鸡沙门氏菌SG4021菌株(微生物保藏编号:KCTC13985BP)中缺乏鸟苷四磷酸生成能力的菌株。
上述鸡沙门氏菌SG4021菌株为从韩国养鸡场中患有禽伤寒(fowl typhoid)的鸡的肝脏中分离出的临床分离株,于2019年10月8日保藏于韩国典型培养物保藏中心(KoreanCollection for Type Culture,KCTC)(微生物保藏编号:KCTC13985BP)。
根据本发明一具体例,上述菌株可以为鸡沙门氏菌SG4023菌株(微生物保藏编号:KCTC14338BP)。
根据本发明一具体例,上述菌株可以为缺失编码ppGpp合成酶的基因的菌株,可以通过使编码ppGpp合成酶的基因缺失来减毒。
本发明所使用的术语“ppGpp”是指鸟苷四磷酸(Guanosine tetraphosphate),可以与鸟苷5′-二磷酸3′-二磷酸(guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-diphosphate)或者鸟苷3′,5′-双焦磷酸(guanosine 3′,5′-bispyrophosphate)混用。
根据本发明一具体例,上述基因可以为relA及spoT。
ppGpp作为向细胞内传递信号的物质,诱导表现出鸡沙门氏菌菌株毒性的基因的表达,尤其是上述基因中在沙门氏菌毒力岛(Pathogenecity Island,SPI)中编码的基因的表达,由relA和spoT基因编码。因此,与野生型沙门氏菌相比,缺失relA和spoT基因的鸡沙门氏菌菌株的毒性可以被弱化百万倍以上,从而能够有效使鸡沙门氏菌菌株减毒。
本发明一具体例的ppGpp缺失变异体可以通过使relA和spoT基因同时缺失来制备。
relA及spoT基因的同时缺失可以通过引起基因的转录或者解读、基因产物的活性损伤(impairment)的relA基因及spoT基因的变形(modifications)来实现。这种基因变形不但可以包括ppGpp合成酶编码序列(CDS)的灭活,还可以包括其启动子的灭活。可以在编码基因的全部或者一个以上的部分区域中的通过替换、插入、缺失或是它们的组合的突变来实现在鸡沙门氏菌菌株的基因组上仅特异性地灭活目标基因。例如,可以通过基因的缺失及向基因插入异源序列(heterogenous sequence)来引起基因的切断(truncation)、无义突变(nonsense mutation)、移码突变(frameshift mutation)、错义突变(missensemutation)等。上述基因的特异性灭活可以通过本发明所属技术领域通常使用的方法进行。另一方面,基因的缺失可以通过本发明所属技术领域公知的多种突变形成(mutagenesis)方法进行。例如,relA及spoT基因的缺失可以通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)诱变法及盒式诱变法进行。
根据本发明一具体例,上述菌株可以为缺失glmS基因的菌株。
根据本发明一具体例,上述菌株可以为鸡沙门氏菌SG4031菌株(微生物保藏编号:KCTC14339BP)。
缺失glmS基因的鸡沙门氏菌菌株因缺乏作为肽聚糖合成成分的D-氨基葡萄糖(D-glucosamine,GlcN)或者N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(N-acetyl-Dglucosamine,N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(GlcNAc))而可以在动物系统中被溶解可以将其替代抗生素抗性基因用作鸡沙门氏菌菌株的选择性决定因子。
关于使glmS基因缺失的方法,为了避免本说明书过于复杂,将省略与前述内容重复的内容。
根据本发明一具体例,上述菌株可以为由包含以能够操纵的方式与启动子连接的glmS基因的质粒转化而来的菌株。具体地,上述菌株可以为具有染色体相的glmS缺失突变的菌株。
本发明一具体例的宿主-载体平衡致死系统(balanced-lethal host-vectorsystem)可以通过由包含用于互补染色体相的glmS缺失突变的glmS基因的质粒的转化来建立。由包含glmS基因的质粒成功转化的减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株可以合成D-氨基葡萄糖或者N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖,可以在D-氨基葡萄糖或者N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖不足的环境中生存,因此可以起到选择性标记基因的作用。
本发明所使用的术语“以能够操纵的方式连接”是指基因表达调节序列与其他核苷酸序列之间的功能性连接。上述基因表达调节序列可以为选自由复制起始点(replication origin)、启动子及转录终止序列(terminator)等组成的组中的一种以上。转录终止序列可以为多腺苷酸化序列(pA),复制起始点可以为f1复制起始点、SV40复制起始点、pMB1复制起始点、腺复制起始点、AAV复制起始点或者BBV复制起始点等,但不限定于此。
本发明所使用的术语“启动子”是指从结构基因开始的脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)上游区域,是指为开始转录而结合有核糖核酸(RNA)聚合酶的DNA分子。
本发明一具体例的启动子为调节特定基因转录的开始的转录调节序列中的一种,可以为长度约为100bp至约2500bp的多核苷酸片段。例如,启动子可以为选自由tac启动子、lac启动子、lacUV5启动子、lpp启动子、pLλ启动子、pRλ启动子、rac5启动子、amp启动子、recA启动子、SP6启动子、trp启动子、T7启动子、pBAD启动子、Tet启动子、trc启动子、pepT启动子、sulA启动子、pol11(dinA)启动子、ruv启动子、uvrA启动子、uvrB启动子、uvrD启动子、umuDC启动子、lexA启动子、cea启动子、caa启动子、recN启动子、pagC启动子合成的启动子组成的组中的启动子,但不限定于此。
本发明一具体例的质粒可以为本发明所属技术领域中使用的质粒,例如,可以为选自由pcDNA系列、pSC101、pGV1106、pACYC177、ColE1、pKT230、pME290、pBR322、pUC8/9、pUC6、pBD9、pHC79、pIJ61、pLAFR1、pHV14、pGEX系列、pET系列及pUC19组成的组中的质粒,但不限定于此。
本发明的质粒还可以包含一个以上的选择性标记基因。上述标记基因为具有可以通过常规化学方法选择的特性的核酸序列,相当于可以从非转化的细胞中分别出转化的细胞的基因。例如,可以为具有对甘草磷(glyphosate)、草铵膦(glufosinate ammonium)或者草胺膦(phosphinothricin)之类的除草剂具有抗性的基因,对氨苄西林(ampicillin)、卡那霉素(kanamycin)、G418、博来霉素(Bleomycin)、潮霉素(hygromycin)、氯霉素(chloramphenicol)之类的抗生素具有抗性的基因,但不限定于此。
本发明的质粒可以通过本发明所属技术领域中广为人知的基因重组技术制备,位点-特异性DNA切割及连接可以使用本发明所属技术领域通常已知的酶等进行。
将本发明的质粒导入鸡沙门氏菌菌株来转化的方法可以为本发明所属技术领域中通常用于将核酸导入细胞的方法,可以选择本发明所属技术领域中公知的适当的标准技术进行。例如,可以为电穿孔法(electroporation)、磷酸钙(CaPO4)沉淀、氯化钙(CaCl2)沉淀、显微注射(microinjection)、聚乙二醇(PEG)法、DEAE-葡聚糖法、阳离子脂质体法及醋酸锂-二甲基亚砜(DMSO)法,但不限定于此。
根据本发明一具体例,上述质粒还可以包含发光基因。
本发明所使用的术语“发光基因”是指编码可以在体内(in vivo)或者体外(exvivo、in vitro)进行影像拍摄的蛋白质的基因,可以包括多种源性的生物发光基因(例如,荧光素酶基因)、化学发光基因、荧光基因。拍摄通过上述基因表达的发光现象的拍摄设备在本发明所属技术领域中是公知的,本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员可以适当选择。
本发明一具体例的由包含发光基因的质粒转化的鸡沙门氏菌菌株可以通过靶向肿瘤来实现肿瘤的可视化筛选,可以提高肿瘤治疗的正确度及治疗效果。本申请的发光基因和可使用的影像设备可以通过本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员根据所使用的发光基因的种类来适当地选择。
根据本发明一具体例,上述发光基因可以为luxCDABE。
本发明的“luxCDABE”为包含所有编码荧光素酶的基因(luxA及luxB的异源二聚体)和编码作为上述荧光素酶的基质的荧光素(十四醛(tetradecanal))的基因(luxC、luxD及luxE)的DNA片段。作为发光物质的荧光素(luciferin)在细胞内通过三磷酸腺苷(ATP)激活变为活性荧光素,活性荧光素在作为发光酶的荧光素酶(luciferase)的作用下氧化为氧化荧光素,并将化学能转化为光能,从而发出光来。
本发明的再一方面提供包含上述鸡沙门氏菌菌株的用于预防或治疗肿瘤的药物组合物。
本发明的药物组合物可以包含药学上可接受的载体。本发明的药物组合物所包含的药学上可接收的载体为制备药剂时通常使用的载体,包括乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、磷酸钙、海藻酸盐、明胶、硅酸钙、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素、水、糖浆、甲基纤维素、羟基苯甲酸甲酯、羟基苯甲酸丙酯、滑石、硬脂酸镁及矿物油等,但不限定于此。除上述成分外,本发明的药物组合物还可以包含润滑剂、湿润剂、甜味剂、香味剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、保存剂等。适当的药学上可接受的载体及制剂在Remington:the science and practice of pharmacy 22nd edition(2013)中有详细记载。
本发明的药物组合物可以根据剂型配制的需要包含适当的各种基质和/或添加物,在不降低其效果的范围内还可以包含非离子表面活性剂、硅聚合物、体质颜料、香料、防腐剂、杀菌剂、氧化稳定剂、有机溶剂、离子性或者非离子性增稠剂、软化剂、抗氧化剂、自由基清除剂、遮光剂、稳定剂、润滑剂、硅油、α-羟基酸、消泡剂、保湿剂、维生素、驱虫剂、香料、保存剂、表面活性剂、消炎剂、P物质拮抗剂、填充剂、聚合物、推进剂、碱化或酸化剂、或者着色剂等公知的化合物来制备。
本发明的药物组合物的适当给药量可以根据配制方法、给药方式、患者的年龄、体重、性别、疾病状态、饮食、给药时间、给药途径、代谢速度及反应敏感性之类的因素开出多种处方。本发明的药物组合物的给药量以成人为基准可以为0.001mg/kg至1000mg/kg。另一方面,给要单位可以为例如约104CFU至1010CFU,但不限定于此。可以一天给药一次至数次,一天的给药量可以为约104CFU至1010CFU,但不限定于此。
本发明的药物组合物可以胃肠外给药。
本发明的药物组合物可以胃肠外给药,优选地,可以为静脉给药,但不限定于此。
胃肠外给药用剂型的配置可以为例如将本发明的药物组合物与稳定或者缓冲剂一同与水混合来制备为溶液或者悬浮液,可以将其制备为安碚瓶或者小瓶单位的单位给药型。并且,上述组合物还可以包含稳定剂、湿润剂或者乳化填充剂、用于调节渗透压的盐及缓冲剂等辅助剂以及其他对治疗有用的物质,可以通过常规方法配制。
根据本发明一具体例,上述肿瘤可以为实体瘤。
根据本发明一具体例,上述肿瘤可以为腺瘤。
根据本发明一具体例,上述肿瘤可以为选自大肠癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌及乳腺癌组成的组中的肿瘤。
腺癌(adenocarcinoma)为只在构成腺体(gland)的细胞中发生的癌症,是指发生在胃、肠、支气管、子宫、胆囊等的黏膜以及前列腺、卵巢、甲状腺、胰腺的腺组织或者排泄管中的癌症。
根据以往的利用细菌的癌症靶向治疗研究的报告,可以在肿瘤细胞中通过免疫反应及细胞因子的传递在无全身毒性副作用的情况下诱导抗癌免疫效果(Saltzman DA,Heise CP,Hasz DE,et al Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium containinginterleukin-2 decreases MC-38 hepatic metastases:A novel anti-tumor agentCancer Biother Radio 1996;11:145-53;Sorenson BS,Banton KL,Frykman NL,LeonardAS,Saltzman DA Attenuated salmonella typhimurium with IL-2 gene reducespulmonary metastases in murine osteosarcoma Clin Orthop relAt R 2008;466:1285-91),通过在肿瘤周围诱导白细胞及中性粒细胞的沉着来抑制癌细胞的生长(Loeffler M,Le′Negrate G,Krajewska M,Reed JC Attenuated Salmonella engineeredto produce human cytokine LIGHT inhibit tumor growth Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007;104:12879-83;Loeffler M,Le′Negrate G,Krajewska M,Reed JC Salmonella typhimuriumengineered to produce CCL21 inhibit tumor growth Cancer Immunol Immun 2009;58:769-75)。
即,在本发明中确认到鸡沙门氏菌对大肠癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌及乳腺癌细胞株的靶向活性,在患有腺瘤中的一种的CT26肿瘤小鼠模型中,确认到本发明一具体例的ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株具有优秀的抗癌效果,本发明一具体例的鸡沙门氏菌菌株可以通过对大肠癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌及乳腺癌等多种腺瘤的靶向及诱导细胞因子的表达和/或白细胞等的沉着来表现出对多种腺瘤的抑制活性。
本发明的另一方面提供用于肿瘤分析的信息提供方法,包括:向对象给药上述鸡沙门氏菌菌株的步骤;检测上述菌株的生物发光的步骤;以及若检测出生物发光则判断对象中存在肿瘤的步骤。
关于向对象给药鸡沙门氏菌菌株的方法及检测生物发光的方法,为避免本说明书过于复杂,将省略与前述内容重复的内容。
通过由本发明一具体例发光基因转化的鸡沙门氏菌菌株靶向的肿瘤细胞可以通过发光基因检测出来,因此可以获得有关对象是否有肿瘤以及存在于对象的肿瘤的位置、大小及存在于对象的肿瘤随时间变化的形态等的信息。
发明的效果
根据肿瘤靶向鸡沙门氏菌菌株及其用途,其具有优异的肿瘤增殖的活性,能够特异性靶向肿瘤,能够在无副作用的情况下有效用于肿瘤的治疗及图像化。
附图说明
图1a及图1b为示出静脉给药A.野生型鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4021)或者B.ppGpp缺失鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4023)中BALB/c小鼠的存活率的曲线图。
图2为比较由GlmS+pLux质粒转化的glmS基因及由ppGpp缺失沙门氏菌菌株(SG4033)和GlmS+pLux质粒转化的ppGpp缺失鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4032)的质粒的稳定性的曲线图。
图3为在静脉给药由GlmS+pLux质粒转化的鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4033,约1×108CFU)后通过生物发光信号图像示出对多种肿瘤的靶向的结果的照片。
图4为给药ppGpp缺失鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4023,约1×108CFU)3天后,对CT26肿瘤组织进行4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)染色(细胞核)、alexa Fluor 488-共轭鬼笔环肽(Phalloidin)染色(肌动蛋白)及鸡沙门氏菌特异性抗体染色的结果的照片。
图5的A部分为示出给药沙门氏菌菌株(约1×108CFU)后,在CT26肿瘤组织内具有靶向野生型glmS的ppGpp缺失鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4032)及glmS缺失及ppGpp缺失鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4033)在GlmS+pLux质粒中表达随时间变化的生物发光信号的照片,B部分为示出给药相同的沙门氏菌菌株7天后,包含GlmS+pLux质粒的沙门氏菌菌株的比例的柱状图。
图6为在移植静脉给药约1×108CFU的ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4023)或者约1×107的CFU沙门氏菌鼠伤寒菌株(SMR2130)的CT26细胞移植的BALB/c小鼠中,A部分为示出肿瘤的体积随时间变化的曲线图,B部分示出移植的肿瘤随时间变化的照片,C部分为示出小鼠存活率随时间变化的图表。
图7a及图7b为示出在移植静脉给药约1×108CFU的ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4023)或者约1×107的CFU沙门氏菌鼠伤寒菌株(SMR2130)的CT26细胞的BALB/c小鼠中,沙门氏菌菌株的数量在各不同器官中随时间变化的曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下,通过一个以上的实施例详细说明本发明。但这些实施例仅用于例示性地说明本发明,本发明的范围不限定于这些实施例。
实施例1.减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株的制备及肿瘤抑制活性的评估方法
1-1.沙门氏菌菌株的生长
在含有1%的NaCl的LB培养基(Difco Laboratories公司)中,在37℃的温度下通过剧烈曝气(vigorous aeration)使沙门氏菌(Salmonella spp)生长。以包含1.5%的颗粒琼脂(Difco Laboratories公司)的方式制备固体支持培养基(solid support medium),抗生素购自Sigma Chemical公司。在需要的情况下,分别加入50μg/ml、50μg/ml及15μg/ml浓度的氨苄西林(Ampicillin)、卡那霉素(Kanamycin)及氯霉素(Chloramphenicol)作为抗生素,加入100mg/ml浓度的N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(N-acetyl-D-glucosamine,GlcNAc)。液体培养基内的细菌数量是利用hemocytometer估算的。
1-2.沙门氏菌菌株系统
血清型鸡(Gallinarum)突变体使用了源自从韩国养鸡场中的患有禽伤寒(fowltyphoid)的鸡的肝脏分离出的作为临床分离株(clinical isolate)的SG 4021的突变体(表1),于2019年10月8日将SG4021菌株保藏于韩国典型培养物保藏中心(KoreanCollection for Type Culture,KCTC)(微生物保藏编号:KCTC13985BP)。
表1
所有的沙门氏菌菌株系统都是通过由Datsenko及Wanner(Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences 97.12(2000):6640-6645.)开发的方法制备的,沙门氏菌菌株的减毒是通过使ppGpp缺失(ΔppGpp)来诱导的。ppGpp缺失突变是通过依次向SG4021的基因组导入relA::kan及spoT::cat的来诱导的。在glmS开放阅读框(open readingframe)位置中,运输kan或者cat的基因是使用通过40-nt同源延伸(homology extension)及包含以pKD13为模板的20-nt启动序列的各一对60-核苷酸(nt)引物来聚合酶链式反应扩增的(表2)。
表2
然后,通过电穿孔法(electroporation)将提纯的聚合酶链式反应转化为保有λ红色辅助质粒(lambda Red helper plasmid(pKD46))的沙门氏菌菌株。突变是使用原样品及常规的试验引物通过聚合酶链式反应确认的。在从SG4022诱导SG4023之前,通过使用作为FLP重组酶的表达pCP20的辅助质粒(helper plasmid)来去除抗生素抗性基因。
并且,使用由Datsenko及Wanner(Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences 97.12(2000):6640-6645.)开发的方法(Kaiser et al.,Microbiology,146Pt12:3217-3226,2000)生成glmS缺失突变。沙门氏菌菌株尤其具有释放在动物体内生存非必需的运输报告基因的质粒的倾向,但很难为了选择性决定因子而使用抗生素抗性基因。因此,由于作为肽聚糖合成成分的D-氨基葡萄糖或者N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖的不足,利用在动物系统中溶解的glmS缺失突变表现型作为用于增殖的必须营养成分。为了在鸡沙门氏菌菌株中灭活染色体glmS基因,使用了λ噬菌体的红色重组系统。
1-3.GlmS+pLux质粒
为了评估通过生物发光的肿瘤靶向能力及互补染色体相的glmS缺失突变,制作了整合鸡沙门氏菌菌株的glmS基因的宿主-载体平衡致死系统(balanced-lethal host-vector system)。
具体地,将含有鳆发光杆菌(Photobacterium leiognathi)的lux操纵子(luxCDABE,约9.5kb)的pLux插入pUC19质粒骨架的XbaI限制酶位点。为了制备含有全部lux操纵子盒及glmS的质粒,使用表3所示的引物扩增了鸡沙门氏菌菌株的glmS基因。
表3
使用Sal I分解扩增的1.8kb的片段后,连接(ligation)与pLux载体相同的位点来生成GlmS+pLux。制备的由GlmS+pLux质粒转化的glmS缺失突变沙门氏菌菌株即使在D-氨基葡萄糖及N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖不足的环境下也能够生存,表现出生物发光,因此可以进行基于光学生物发光成像的分析。
1-4.肿瘤细胞株
从American Type Culture Collection购入鼠类(murine)CT26结肠癌肿瘤细胞、4T1乳腺癌肿瘤细胞、B16F10黑色素瘤细胞及人类ASPC1胰腺腺瘤。使CT26及4T1细胞在含有10%的胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)及1%的青霉素-链霉素的高葡萄糖改良杜氏伊戈尔培养基(DMEM,Dulbecco′s modified Eagle′s medium)中生长。使B16F10黑色素瘤细胞及ASPC1在含有10%的胎牛血清及1%的青霉素-链霉素的RPMI 1640中生长。
1-5.检测质粒稳定性
在每隔12小时补充的新鲜(flesh)LB培养基中过夜进行传代培养(1/1000)。每隔24小时采取样品进行稀释。无论是否有氨苄西林,将适当体积的稀释液扩散在补充有N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖的LB培养皿上。使用菌落的数量来计算总存活细胞(菌落形成单位,CFU)及具有质粒的沙门氏菌菌株的比例。
1-6.制备小鼠模型
将培养的多种肿瘤细胞异源移植到小鼠的右侧大腿来制备小鼠肿瘤模型。从Samtako Company公司(韩国)购入20g至30g的5周龄至8周龄的雄性小鼠。根据认可的协议进行所有有关动物的管理、实验及安乐死。
通过如下方法制备具有皮下(subcutaneous)肿瘤的小鼠:获取在试验管内培养的实施例1-4的肿瘤细胞,悬浮于30μl的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)后,分别向小鼠的右侧大腿皮下注射1×106个CT26、4T1及B16F10细胞以及1×107个ASPC1细胞。向BALB/c小鼠注射CT26及4T1细胞,向C57/BL6小鼠注射B16F10细胞,向BALB/c无胸腺(athymic)nu-/nu-小鼠注射AsPC-1细胞来移植肿瘤细胞。
移植肿瘤细胞后,当肿瘤的大小达到0.5cm3时(约14后),将运输实施例1-3的具有GlmS+pLux的突变glmS(约1×108CFU)的实施例1-2的ppGpp缺失鸡沙门氏菌菌株或者沙门氏菌鼠伤寒菌株溶于磷酸盐缓冲溶液后,以约1×107CFU/ml或者约1×108CFU/ml的剂量通过尾静脉给药(0day,0dpi)。
1-7.评估小鼠内部器官的沙门氏菌菌株分布
为了评估沙门氏菌菌株的存活数量,向小鼠组(n=5)静脉给药1×107CFU的ΔppGpp沙门氏菌鼠伤寒及约1×108CFU的ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株后,分别在第1天、第5天、第10天、第16天安乐死小鼠来收集器官,使用均质机将在含有0.05%的Tween-20的灭菌磷酸盐缓冲溶液中将器官组织均质化。从均质液中回收沙门氏菌菌株后涂于含有50μg/ml的卡那霉素及15μg/ml的氯霉素的琼脂培养皿上进行定量。
1-8.分析肿瘤大小及小鼠存活率
通过下述式计算肿瘤的体积
肿瘤体积(mm3)=(肿瘤长度×肿瘤高度×肿瘤宽度)/2
所有动物实验都经过全南大学动物实验伦理委员会(NO.CNU IACUC-H-2016-15)的认可,根据指南将肿瘤体积为1500mm3以上小鼠安乐死,根据Gehan-Breslow-Wlicoxon测试评估小鼠的存活率。
1-9.光学生物发光成像
为了使沙门氏菌菌株的生物发光成像以使其成为靶向肿瘤的指标,使用2%的异氟醚麻醉小鼠后,将其放入安装有冷却电耦合(CCD,charged couple detector)相机的IVIS100(Caliper公司,霍普金顿,马萨诸塞州,美国)的遮光腔室里。收集从表达荧光素酶的沙门氏菌菌株放出的光子,进行整合,整合时间为1分钟。利用Living Image softwarev.2.25(Xenogen-Caliper公司,霍普金顿,马萨诸塞州(Hopkinton,MA))将示出光子计数的伪彩色图像重叠于小鼠的照片上。
1-10.免疫荧光染色及共聚焦显微镜分析
为了染色肿瘤内部的沙门氏菌菌株,使用含有3.4%的福尔马林的磷酸盐缓冲溶液将分离的组织固定过夜后,包埋于最佳切割温度复合物(Optimal Cutting Temperaturecompound,OCT;Tissue-Tek公司)。接着,冷冻组织后使用低温恒温切片机(microtome-cryostat)切割为7mm厚的薄片。将组织薄片放在涂敷有氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的载玻片上。为了完全清除最佳切割温度复合物(OCT),使用磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH7.4)洗涤载玻片后,在4℃的温度下与抗-沙门氏菌脂多糖(LPS)抗体(1∶100,Abcam公司,#ab8274)一同过夜培养。接着,分别将Alexa Fluor 568-共轭的山羊(goat)抗-小鼠(1∶100,Life Technologies公司,A11031)抗体及Alexa Fluor 488-共轭的鬼笔环肽(Phallodin)(1∶1000,Invitrogen公司,#W21404)用作用于检测F-肌动蛋白的二次抗体。使用4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚/防变色(DAPI/Antifade)(1∶200,Invitrogen公司)染色细胞核后,将样品展开。使用Zeiss共聚焦显微镜LSM 510(Zeiss Laboratories公司)捕获染色的图像,若无其他说明则表示代表图像。
1-11.统计分析
使用SPSS 18.0统计包(SPSS Inc.公司,芝加哥,伊利诺伊州,美国)进行统计分析。使用双尾学生T检验(two-tailed Student′s t-test)确定对照组与治疗组之间肿瘤生长的统计学显著性。将P值<0.05视为具有统计学意义,所有数据以平均值±标准差的方式表示。
实施例2.确认鸡沙门氏菌菌株在活体内是否有毒性及确认质粒稳定性
2-1.评估鸡沙门氏菌菌株在活体内的毒性
为了将鸡沙门氏菌菌株应用于细菌性癌症治疗中,首先通过静脉内(i.v.)途径注射野生型鸡沙门氏菌菌株后分析小鼠的存活。
结果,在向小鼠静脉给药野生型鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4021)后,虽然只在家禽(fowls)中诱发肠伤寒,但给药约105CFU以上时所有的小鼠都死亡了(图1a)。
2-2.确认根据减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株在活体内毒性评估的给药剂量
由于在实施例2-1中野生型鸡沙门氏菌菌株在活体内表现出毒性,因此通过阻断ppGpp的合成来使鸡沙门氏菌菌株减毒。
具体地,向BALB/c小鼠静脉给药使通过relA及spoT基因编码的ppGpp合成酶I及II都发生突变的实施例1-2的ppGpp缺失(ΔppGpp)突变鸡沙门氏菌菌株及沙门氏菌鼠伤寒菌株来分析小鼠的存活率。
结果确认到,在ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4023)的情况下,小鼠仍存活直至108CFU的量(图1b),在ΔppGpp沙门氏菌鼠伤寒菌株的情况下,小鼠仍存活直至约107CFU的量。另一方面,使用能够感染及攻击活的肿瘤的沙门氏菌鼠伤寒A1-R进行相似实验的结果,确认具有变形的脂多糖、msbB-突变(VN20009)及ΔrfaG/ΔrfaD双重突变的菌株在约106CFU至约107CFU的范围内均未完全展开。确认到保有肿瘤的小鼠可以经受住静脉给药约108CFU的大肠杆菌(E.coli)。
通过上述结果确认到,在假设大肠杆菌几乎无毒性的情况下,没有非特异性灾难(nonspecific catastrophe)的动物能够经受住的最大沙门氏菌菌株的给药剂量为约108CFU。
2-3.确认质粒稳定性
为了确认转化的质粒的稳定性,进行实施例1-5来评估质粒是否消失。
结果,通过野生型鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4021)运输的质粒的99%至第4天消失,相反,通过glmS缺失鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4031)运输的质粒却完全保留下来(图2)。
在之后的实验中,为了在小鼠中可视化鸡沙门氏菌菌株,使用了由实施例1-3的GlmS+pLux转化且在染色体相上保有突变glmS基因的ΔppGpp菌株。
实施例3.确认通过ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株的肿瘤靶向性
3-1.确认通过生物发光信号成像的肿瘤靶向性
为了确认通过ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株的肿瘤靶向性,进行实施例1-9来使鸡沙门氏菌菌株的生物发光信号成像。
结果确认到,活体发光信号在注射ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4031)后立刻(20分钟,注射后第0天,(0day post injection,dpi))主要在内皮器官(肝脏及脾脏)中检测到。确认到活体发光信号只在移植的肿瘤组织中出现,AsPC-1在注射后第4天(4dpi)示出波峰,其他肿瘤在注射后第2天(2dpi)示出波峰,之后随着时间的流逝,活体发光信号逐渐减少。尤其,确认到鸡沙门氏菌菌株靶向了移植到3个其他小鼠腺体的所有肿瘤(图3)。移植的肿瘤组织中存在有ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株是在注射后第3天(3dpi)通过在CT26细胞中染色沙门氏菌菌株来确认的,在增殖(proliferative)区域和坏死(necrotic)区域之间的边界区域检测出沙门氏菌菌株(图4)。
3-2.确认小鼠内质粒的保存
向保有CT26细胞Balb/c小鼠给药运输实施例1-3的GlmS+pLux野生型或者具有突变glmS基因的实施例1-2的ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株,在注射后第0天、第2天、第4天通过实施例1-9的方法成像。
结果确认到,强生物发光信号在glmS缺失ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4031)中保持,而非在ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4023)(图5a)。并且,使用含有氨苄西林的培养皿在注射后第7天(7dpi)对培养基肿瘤相关鸡沙门氏菌菌株进行计数的结果,90%以上的野生型缺失了质粒(图5b),从而确认宿主-载体平衡致死系统的优秀性。
实施例4.在CT26肿瘤小鼠模型中确认ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株的抗癌效果
4-1.确认经鸡沙门氏菌菌株处理的小鼠的存活时间的延长
向移植有CT26细胞的BALB/c小鼠静脉给药约1×108CFU的ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株,使用ΔppGpp沙门氏菌鼠伤寒菌株(约1×107CFU)作为对照组,进行实施例1-8及实施例1-10来分析ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株在活体内的抗肿瘤活性。
使用约1×108CFU的ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4023)处理小鼠的结果,与比磷酸盐缓冲溶液对照组优秀的约1×107CFU的沙门氏菌鼠伤寒菌株(SMR2130)相比,确认到肿瘤生长延迟效果显著改善(图6的A部分及B部分)。即,确认到使用ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株处理的组与使用ΔppGpp沙门氏菌鼠伤寒菌株或者磷酸盐缓冲溶液溶液处理的组相比,存活时间得到延长(图6的C部分)。确认到使用约1×107CFU的沙门氏菌鼠伤寒菌株处理的小鼠,整体平均的存活时间约为24天,相反,使用约1×108CFU的鸡沙门氏菌菌株处理的小鼠的平均存活时间为53天。并且,与磷酸盐缓冲液对照组(15天)相比,确认到使用1×108CFU的鸡沙门氏菌菌株处理的小鼠整体存活时间显著(3.5倍)增加。
4-2.确认小鼠内鸡沙门氏菌菌株的分布模式(pattern)
为了确认小鼠内鸡沙门氏菌菌株的分布模式,进行实施例1-7来随着时间评估小鼠不同器官内鸡沙门氏菌菌株的数量。
结果,在注射后第1天(1dpi),两种菌株在肿瘤中都以很高的水平观察到(108CFU/g至109CFU/g)。ΔppGpp沙门氏菌鼠伤寒菌株(SHJ2037)在实验期间保持了相同水平的沙门氏菌菌株,而经过16天,ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株(SG4022)的数量逐渐减少到106CFU/g。在注射后第1天(1dpi),确认到肝脏、脾脏及骨中的沙门氏菌鼠伤寒菌株的数量为106CFU/g至107CFU/g,肺、心脏及肾脏中为104CFU/g,血清及眼中为101CFU/g及103CFU/g,在16天内没有减少太多。相反,确认到在注射后第1天(1dpi),鸡沙门氏菌菌株在各个器官表现出相似的分布模式,而到了注射后第16天(16dpi),鸡沙门氏菌菌株在各器官中完全清除(图7)。
通过上述结果确认到,在染色体相保有突变glmS基因的ΔppGpp鸡沙门氏菌菌株通过特异性靶向肿瘤表现出抗肿瘤效果,从而可以在不给其他器官带来副作用的情况下用于抗肿瘤用途。
以上,以实施例为中心介绍了本发明。应该理解的是,本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员可以在不脱离本发明的本质特性的范围内实施变形的形态。因此,公开的实施例不应视为限定的观点,而应视为说明的观点。本发明的范围不应解释为前述说明的内容,而是在发明要求保护范围内示出,与之等同范围内的所有不同点都应包括在本发明中。
序列表
<110> ChoyBiolab Co., Ltd.
INDUSTRY FOUNDATION OF CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
<120> 肿瘤靶向鸡沙门氏菌菌株及其用途
<130> PN190380
<150> KR 10-2019-0138224
<151> 2019-10-31
<160> 8
<170> KoPatentIn 3.0
<210> 1
<211> 70
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> relA::kan_正向
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gagctgcttc 70
<210> 2
<211> 70
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> relA::kan_反向
<400> 2
gtgcagtcgc cgtgcatcaa tcacatccgg cacctggttc agcttaccga attccgggga 60
tccgtcgacc 70
<210> 3
<211> 69
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> spoT::cat_正向
<400> 3
ttaagcgtct tcggcaggcg tatctcgttg cacgtgacgc tcacgagggc tgtaggctgg 60
agctgcttc 69
<210> 4
<211> 70
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> spoT::cat_反向
<400> 4
gccagatgta cgcgatcgcg tgcggtaagg cgaataaagg tactatagac catatgaata 60
tcctccttag 70
<210> 5
<211> 83
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> glmS::kan_正向
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gtgtaggctg gagctgcttc gaa 83
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<213> 人工序列
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<223> glmS::kan_反向
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PCT/RO/134表
Claims (15)
1.一种减毒鸡沙门氏菌(Salmonella gallinarum)菌株,其中所述菌株缺乏鸟苷四磷酸生成能力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株,其中所述菌株为鸡沙门氏菌SG4021菌株中缺乏鸟苷四磷酸生成能力的菌株,上述菌株的微生物保藏编号为KCTC13985BP。
3.根据权利要求1所述的减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株,其中所述菌株为鸡沙门氏菌SG4023菌株,微生物保藏编号为KCTC14338BP。
4.根据权利要求1所述的减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株,其中所述菌株缺失编码鸟苷四磷酸合成酶的基因。
5.根据权利要求4所述的减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株,其中所述基因为relA及spoT。
6.根据权利要求1所述的减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株,其中所述菌株缺失glmS基因。
7.根据权利要求6所述的减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株,其中所述菌株为鸡沙门氏菌SG4031菌株,微生物保藏编号为KCTC14339BP。
8.根据权利要求6所述的减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株,其中所述菌株为由包含以能够操纵的方式与启动子连接的glmS基因的质粒转化而来的菌株。
9.根据权利要求8所述的减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株,其中所述质粒还包含发光基因。
10.根据权利要求9所述的减毒鸡沙门氏菌菌株,其中所述发光基因为luxCDABE。
11.一种用于预防或治疗肿瘤的药物组合物,其包含权利要求1至10中任一项所述的菌株。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用于预防或治疗肿瘤的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤为实体瘤。
13.根据权利要求11所述的用于预防或治疗肿瘤的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤为腺瘤。
14.根据权利要求11所述的用于预防或治疗肿瘤的药物组合物,其中所述肿瘤为选自由大肠癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌及乳腺癌组成的组中的一种癌症。
15.一种用于肿瘤分析的信息提供方法,其包括:
向对象给药权利要求9或10所述的菌株的步骤;
检测上述菌株的生物发光的步骤;以及
若检测出生物发光则判断对象中存在肿瘤的步骤。
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