CN115943079A - 用于3d打印的光固化组合物、其制备和用途以及使用该组合物形成3d打印物体的方法 - Google Patents
用于3d打印的光固化组合物、其制备和用途以及使用该组合物形成3d打印物体的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115943079A CN115943079A CN202180020230.2A CN202180020230A CN115943079A CN 115943079 A CN115943079 A CN 115943079A CN 202180020230 A CN202180020230 A CN 202180020230A CN 115943079 A CN115943079 A CN 115943079A
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- Prior art keywords
- acrylate
- meth
- oligomer
- weight
- urethane
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- -1 aliphatic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphoryl-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于3D打印的光固化液体树脂组合物及其制备方法和用途,还涉及一种通过使用所述组合物形成3D打印物体的方法。通过将本发明的用于3D打印的组合物,可以实现固化组合物的柔性和弹性的改善。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于用于三维(以下简称“3D”)打印的化学材料的技术领域,具体涉及一种用于3D打印的光固化组合物及其制备方法和用途,还涉及一种通过使用所述组合物来形成3D打印物体的方法。
背景技术
近年来,3D打印技术已被用于在短时间内生产大量物品。例如,CN 106186810A已经公开了一种3D打印建筑材料,CN 105419306A已经公开了一种3D打印地板。有几种方法可以使用光固化材料构建三维物品,包括立体光刻(SLA)、数字光处理(DLP)和光敏聚合物喷射(PJ)。在使用DLP或SLA技术的3D打印机中,将液体形式的光固化材料层叠在大桶上或铺在片材上,并将光固化材料的预定区域或表面暴露于由数字微镜设备或旋转镜控制的紫外-可见(UV/Vis)光中。在DLP技术中,重复或连续地铺设其他层,将每一层都固化,直到形成所需的3D物品。SLA技术与DLP技术的不同之处在于,液体材料是通过一束辐射束固化的。光敏聚合物喷射技术利用喷墨打印头喷射液体光敏聚合物,所述光敏聚合物立即被紫外线灯固化并凝固以在彼此之上构建层。
使用光固化材料的3D打印已在许多应用中采用,例如快速原型制造、助听器制造和其他按需制造。例如,WO 2014/172716A1已经公开了使用光固化液体组合物和3D打印技术制造义齿基托和人造牙。
传统市售的可用于3D打印的光固化材料主要基于固化状态太硬且具有刚性和脆性材料特性的物质,此类材料仅适用于特定应用领域。如果需要柔性和弹性形状的物体作为模型或其他构建元素,使用光固化材料的3D打印物品遇到的一个挑战是低弹性和低柔性。为了获得具有良好弹性和柔性的3D打印物体,通常使用氨基甲酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯低聚物作为低聚物光固化材料。近来已经做了一些尝试。例如,WO 2016153711A1公开了一种3D打印光固化组合物,该组合物包含光固化的基于氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯/环氧化物的组合物,用于基于柔性材料的物体。然而,提供合适的光固化组合物来制造柔性和有弹性的3D打印物体仍然是一个挑战。
3D打印工艺遇到的另一个挑战是保持合适的光固化材料粘度。在三维工艺中,特别是立体光刻,不希望使用高粘度的光固化材料。包含氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯低聚物的光固化液体树脂制剂具有高粘度,因此另外包含用于降低粘度的稀释剂,并且在最优选的情况下,所施加的液体中的稀释剂是活性稀释剂,例如单体组分。然而,掺入活性稀释剂可能会牺牲最终打印物体的弹性和柔性。因此,迫切需要开发一种用于3D打印的光固化组合物,该组合物在固化状态下具有所需的柔性和弹性材料特性。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于3D打印的光固化组合物,其在固化状态下具有令人满意的柔性和弹性,同时具有适合3D打印工艺的粘度。
出乎意料地,上述目的通过一种用于3D打印的光固化液体树脂组合物实现,其包含
(A)1至90重量%的包含烯键式不饱和辐射固化官能团的低聚物;
(B)1至90重量%的增塑剂;
(C)0至90重量%的活性稀释剂;
(D)0.1至10重量%的光引发剂;和
(E)0至5重量%的助剂,
其中组分(A)至(E)的总重量为100重量%。
根据本发明的一个方面,含有烯键式不饱和辐射固化官能团的低聚物(A)包括含有烯键式不饱和辐射固化单和/或多官能团的低聚物。
在又一个方面中,本发明涉及制备上述光固化液体树脂组合物的方法,包括将组分(A)至(E)以如上定义的量混合。
在另一个方面中,本发明涉及上述光固化液体树脂组合物用于形成3D打印物体的用途。
在仍又一个方面中,本发明涉及一种形成3D打印物体的方法,包括使用上述光固化液体树脂组合物作为3D打印的原材料。
出乎意料地发现,通过打印本发明所述的组合物得到的制品具有优异的弹性,实现了拉伸模量和硬度的降低,并且表现出较低的Tg,这为实际使用提供了广泛的温度范围。因此,所述组合物适用于制备具有更高的弹性和柔性要求的3D打印物体。
附图说明
本发明将参照附图进行描述,这些附图并非旨在限制本发明。
图1示出了通过打印实施例5b中的组合物获得的示例性3D打印物体的立体图。
图2示出了实施例中使用的循环拉伸试验中的无载荷曲线下面积和载荷曲线下面积的示意图。
具体实施方式
除非另有定义,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语均具有本发明所属领域的技术人员通常理解的含义。除非另有说明,本文所用的以下术语具有下文赋予它们的含义。
如本文中所用的,冠词“一种(a和an)”是指一种或多于一种(即,至少一种)该冠词的语法对象。例如,“一种元素”是指一种元素或多于一种元素。
如本文所用,术语“约”应被理解为是指本领域技术人员认为在实现相同功能或结果的情况下等同于列举的值的数字范围。
如本文所用,术语“助剂”是指包含在配制的体系中以增强其物理或化学性质并提供所需结果的添加剂。此类添加剂包括但不限于染料、颜料、增韧剂、抗冲改性剂、流变改性剂、触变剂、天然或合成橡胶、填充剂、增强剂、增稠剂、抑制剂、荧光或其他标记、热降解减少剂、赋予耐热性的试剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、分散剂、流动或滑动助剂、抗微生物剂和稳定剂。
在本申请的上下文中,所使用的数值范围应被理解为是指上下限之间的所有数字,包括整数和带小数的数(uneven);例如,数值范围“1至90”应被理解为1至90之间的所有数字,包括整数1、2、3、4、5……88、89、90和带小数的数1.1、1.8、2.5、3.7……88.6、89.5……
如本文所用,术语“包括”与“包含”或“特征在于”同义,是包含性的或开放式的并且不排除另外的、未列举的元素、材料或步骤。
如本文所用,术语“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”是指可以是丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯的官能团、部分或取代基。
如本文所用,术语“单官能团”是指官能度为1的基团,术语“多官能团”是指官能度大于1的基团。
如本文所用,术语“光固化”是指组合物的固化的引发可以通过暴露于光化性光或辐射来完成。
上面以一般术语或在优选范围内给出的术语定义或说明适用于终产品并相应地适用于原料和中间体。这些术语定义可以根据需要相互组合,即包括一般定义和/或相应优选范围和/或实施方式之间的组合。
除非另有说明,所有百分比(%)均为“重量百分比”。
除非另有说明,否则温度是指室温,压力是指环境压力。
在一个方面中,本发明提供一种用于3D打印的光固化液体树脂组合物,其包含
(A)1至90重量%的包含烯键式不饱和辐射固化官能团的低聚物;
(B)1至90重量%的增塑剂;
(C)0至90重量%的活性稀释剂;
(D)0.1至10重量%的光引发剂;和
(E)0至5重量%的助剂,
其中组分(A)至(E)的总重量为100重量%。
组分(A)
适用于本发明的含有烯键式不饱和辐射固化官能团的低聚物提供了主链的模板。根据本发明的一个优选实施方式,低聚物(A)是含有烯键式不饱和辐射固化单和/或多官能团的低聚物。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,烯键式不饱和辐射固化官能团包含至少一个烯键式不饱和键(乙烯基官能团),例如在以下官能团中发现的那些:烯丙基、乙烯基、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酰氧基、甲基丙烯酰氧基、丙烯酰胺基、甲基丙烯酰胺基、乙炔基、马来酰亚胺基等。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,除上述基团外,烯键式不饱和辐射固化单和/或多官能团还包括氨基甲酸酯基、醚基、酯基、碳酸酯基及其任意组合。合适的单和/或多官能烯键式不饱和化合物包括例如含有与烯键式不饱和基团连接的核结构的化合物,任选地通过连接基团连接。所述连接基团可以是醚、酯、酰胺、氨基甲酸酯、碳酸酯或碳酸酯官能团。在一些情况下,所述连接基团是烯键式不饱和基团的一部分,例如丙烯酰氧基或丙烯酰胺基。核基团可以是烷基(直链和支链烷基)、芳基(例如苯基)、聚醚、硅氧烷、氨基甲酸酯或其他核结构和它们的低聚物。合适的烯键式不饱和单和/或多官能团可以包括甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯、乙烯基醚、烯丙基醚、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、碳-碳双键或其组合。在一些实施方式中,合适的包含烯键式不饱和单和/或多官能团的低聚物包括单和/或多官能丙烯酸酯,例如单丙烯酸酯、二丙烯酸酯、三丙烯酸酯或更高级的丙烯酸酯,或它们的组合。任选地,包括单和/或多官能团的低聚物可以包括硅氧烷主链,以进一步改善用于3D打印的光固化组合物的固化、柔性和/或其他特性。
在一些实施方式中,适于本发明的用于3D打印的光固化组合物的合适的低聚物包含以下一般类别的烯键式不饱和低聚物:氨基甲酸酯、聚醚、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯碳酸酯、丙烯酸类、硅氧烷等,以及它们的任何组合或子集。在一些特定的实施方式中,合适的低聚物包括基于氨基甲酸酯的低聚物、基于丙烯酸酯的低聚物、基于氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯的低聚物、基于聚酯的低聚物、基于聚醚的低聚物、基于聚醚氨基甲酸酯的低聚物、基于聚酯氨基甲酸酯的低聚物、基于硅氧烷的低聚物,或它们的任何组合或子集。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,低聚物(A)包括氨基甲酸酯低聚物,所述氨基甲酸酯低聚物包含氨基甲酸酯重复单元和一个、两个或更多个烯键式不饱和官能团例如(甲基)丙烯酸酯、烯丙基和/或乙烯基。优选地,所述低聚物包含低聚物分子的主链内的至少一个氨基甲酸酯连接(在一些实施方式中,两个或更多个氨基甲酸酯连接)和侧接(pendentto)在低聚物分子上的至少一个丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯官能团(在一些实施方式中,两个或更多个丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯官能团)。通过使用这样的低聚物(A),可实现由增塑剂提供的柔性或弹性以及其他机械特性的明显改善。在一些实施方式中,脂族、脂环族或混合的脂族和脂环族氨基甲酸酯重复单元是合适的。氨基甲酸酯通常通过二异氰酸酯与二醇的缩合制备。每个重复单元具有至少两个氨基甲酸酯部分的脂族氨基甲酸酯是有用的,其中用于制备氨基甲酸酯的二异氰酸酯和二醇包含可以相同或不同的二价脂族基团。
在一些实施方式中,低聚物(A)包括用烯键式不饱和键(ethylenicunsaturation)官能化的聚酯和聚醚氨基甲酸酯低聚物。烯键式不饱和键可由诸如丙烯酸酯、C1-C4烷基(丙烯酸酯)(例如甲基丙烯酸酯、乙基丙烯酸酯等)、乙烯基、烯丙基、丙烯酰胺、C1-C4烷基(丙烯酰胺)等官能团提供。这些氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯的反应性官能度为每个低聚物分子1个或更多个、特别是每个低聚物分子约2个反应性基团。
合适的聚醚或聚酯烯键式不饱和氨基甲酸酯低聚物包括脂族或芳族聚醚或聚酯多元醇与使用含有烯键式不饱和键的单体用烯键式不饱和键官能化的脂族或芳族多异氰酸酯的反应产物。这样的低聚物可以通过使用本领域熟知的方法来制备。聚酯或聚醚烯键式不饱和低聚物的实例包括例如来自BASF SE的PE-56F。
合适的氨基甲酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯低聚物在本领域中是众所周知的并且可以通过许多不同的方法容易地合成。例如,多官能醇可以与多异氰酸酯(优选化学计量过量的多异氰酸酯)反应以形成NCO封端的预低聚物,其随后与羟基官能的(甲基)丙烯酸酯反应。多官能醇可以是每分子含有两个或更多个OH基团的任何化合物,并且可以是单体多元醇(例如二醇)、聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇等。本发明的一个实施方式中,氨基甲酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯低聚物为脂族氨基甲酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯低聚物。合适的氨基甲酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯低聚物的实例可从Allnex以商品名8413和8411商购,从BASF SE以商品名UA9033以及从Dymax以商品名BRC-843S商购。
对于本发明的目的而言,低聚物(A)的分子量并不关键,可以在任何适合用于3D打印的范围内,本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选择。
在一个实施方式中,低聚物(A)以5至80重量%的量存在,基于组分(A)至(E)的总重量计。根据本发明,对于低聚物(A)的量没有特别的限制。通常,低聚物(A)的量取决于3D打印机对粘度等的不同要求。
组分(B)
增塑剂通过嵌入聚合物链之间并将它们分隔开(增加“自由体积”)而发挥作用,从而显著降低塑料的玻璃化转变温度并使其更柔软。发明人出乎意料地发现,增塑剂可以稳定地存在于本发明所述的3D打印网络中。
本发明中使用的增塑剂的种类原则上没有特别限制。本领域技术人员已知的任何增塑剂都适用于本发明。本发明中使用的增塑剂的实例有C3-C15、优选C3-C10聚羧酸以及它们与直链或支链C2-C30脂族醇的酯,苯甲酸酯类,环氧化植物油,磺酰胺类,有机磷酸盐类,二醇类及其衍生物,聚醚类,聚合物增塑剂和聚丁烯。在一些优选实施方式中,适合用于本发明的增塑剂包括但不限于C3-C15、优选C3-C10芳族二羧酸或三羧酸以及它们与直链或支链C2-C30脂族醇的酯,或C3-C15、优选C3-C10脂族二羧酸或三羧酸以及它们与直链或支链C2-C30脂族醇的酯,例如,己二酸和己二酸酯、癸二酸和癸二酸酯、顺丁烯二酸和顺丁烯二酸酯、壬二酸和壬二酸酯;芳族多元羧酸和酯,例如基于邻苯二甲酸和邻苯二甲酸酯的增塑剂;环状脂族多元羧酸及其酯,例如环己烷二羧酸。
优选的增塑剂是癸二酸、癸二酸酯、己二酸、己二酸酯、戊二酸、戊二酸酯、邻苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸酯(例如与C8醇的酯)、壬二酸、壬二酸酯、顺丁烯二酸、顺丁烯二酸酯、柠檬酸及其衍生物,参见例如WO 2010/125009,通过引证纳入本文。所述增塑剂可以组合使用或单独使用。
一类特定的优选增塑剂是基于邻苯二甲酸酯的增塑剂,例如C8醇的邻苯二甲酸酯,其有利于耐水性和耐油性。一些优选的邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂是邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP),优选用于建筑材料和医疗器械;邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP),优选用于花园软管、鞋、玩具和建筑材料;邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DNBP、DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBZP),优选用于食品传送带、人造革和泡沫;邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯(DIDP),优选用于电线和电缆的绝缘、汽车底漆、鞋、地毯、游泳池内衬;邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DOP或DNOP),优选用于地板材料、地毯、笔记本封面和烈性炸药;邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DIOP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP);邻苯二甲酸二正己酯,优选用于地板材料、工具手柄和汽车零件。
另一类优选的增塑剂选自己二酸酯、癸二酸酯和顺丁烯二酸酯,例如己二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHA)、己二酸二甲酯(DMAD)、己二酸单甲酯(MMAD)、己二酸二辛酯(DOA)、己二酸二异癸酯(DINA)、癸二酸二丁酯(DBS)、顺丁烯二酸二丁酯(DBM)和顺丁烯二酸二异丁酯(DIBM)。优选基于己二酸酯的增塑剂,优选用于低温应用和高抗紫外线性。
其他优选的增塑剂选自苯甲酸酯类;环氧化植物油;磺酰胺类,例如N-乙基甲苯磺酰胺(o/p ETSA)、邻位异构体和对位异构体、N-(2-羟丙基)苯磺酰胺(HP BSA)、N-(正丁基)苯磺酰胺(BBSA-NBBS);有机磷酸酯类,例如磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)、磷酸三丁酯(TBP);二醇/聚醚及其衍生物,例如三甘醇二己酸酯(3G6,3GH)、四甘醇二庚酸酯(4G7);聚合物增塑剂,例如高分子量的环氧化油和聚酯增塑剂、聚丁烯和聚异丁烯。
聚酯增塑剂通常通过多元醇例如1,2-乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇或1,6-己二醇与多元羧酸例如琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸或壬二酸的酯化制备。任选地,末端醇基团(在用过量醇合成的情况下)可以用一元羧酸如乙酸封端,或末端酸基团(在用酸过量合成的情况下)可以用一元醇例如2-乙基己醇、异壬醇、2-丙基庚醇或异癸醇封端。合适的市售聚酯增塑剂的实例有可从BASFSE获得的那些,商品名为638(基于己二酸、1,2-丙二醇和正辛醇的聚酯增塑剂)、652(基于己二酸、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇和异壬醇的聚酯增塑剂)、654(基于己二酸、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇和异壬醇的聚酯增塑剂)或656(基于己二酸、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇和异壬醇的聚酯增塑剂)。
另一类优选的增塑剂是可生物降解的增塑剂,优选选自乙酰化甘油单酯,优选用作食品添加剂;柠檬酸烷基酯,也优选用于食品包装、医疗产品、化妆品和儿童玩具,例如柠檬酸三乙酯(TEC)、乙酰基柠檬酸三乙酯(ATEC)、柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC)、乙酰基柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC),尤其与PVC和氯乙烯共聚物相容的;柠檬酸三辛酯(TOC),优选用于口香糖和控释药物;乙酰基柠檬酸三辛酯(ATOC),优选用于印刷油墨;柠檬酸三己酯(THC),优选用于控释药物;乙酰基柠檬酸三己酯(ATHC);丁酰基柠檬酸三己酯,也称为BTHC;邻丁酰基柠檬酸三己酯;柠檬酸三甲酯(TMC);以及烷基磺酸苯酯(ASE)。
在一个优选的实施方式中,所述增塑剂与含有烯键式不饱和辐射固化官能团的低聚物混合,以使其包含在后者中。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,增塑剂(B)以5至85重量%、更优选5至80重量%、最优选5至70重量%、特别是5至60重量%的量存在,在每种情况下基于组分(A)至(E)的总重量计。
组分(C)
根据本发明的一个实施方式,本发明的用于3D打印的光固化组合物中存在一种或多种活性稀释剂以降低组合物的粘度。活性稀释剂包括多种可自由基聚合的单体,例如单官能或多官能单体,其可以包含反应性基团,如羟基、烯键式不饱和基团、环氧基、氨基或其组合。活性稀释剂的实例包括单官能和多官能化合物,例如含有乙烯基、丙烯酰基、丙烯酸酯、丙烯酰胺、羟基等的单体。活性稀释剂通常是具有低分子量的单、双或三官能的单体或低聚物。典型的实例是丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯单体,包括但不限于:氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-(2-乙氧基)乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸四氢糠酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸异癸酯、丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异冰片酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二环戊烯氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二环戊二烯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟丁酯、己内酯丙烯酸酯、吗啉(甲基)丙烯酸酯、己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸十八烷基酯、丙烯酸烯丙酯、乙氧基化壬基苯酚丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯化单体及其组合;以及乙烯基烷基噁唑烷酮,例如乙烯基甲基噁唑烷酮和丙烯酰基吗啉;优选地丙烯酸酯单体例如氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸异癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟丁酯、三羟甲基丙烷丙烯酸酯和丙烯酰基吗啉。
上述活性稀释剂是可商购的或可通过本领域本身已知的方法获得。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,活性稀释剂(C),如果有的话,以0至80重量%的量存在,基于组分(A)至(E)的总重量计。根据本发明,对活性稀释剂(C)的量没有特别限制。一般来说,活性稀释剂(C)的量取决于3D打印机对粘度等的不同要求。
组分(D)
根据本发明的一个实施方式,光引发剂组分可包括一种或多种常规光引发剂。例如,光引发剂组分可包括一种或多种自由基光引发剂和/或一种或多种离子光引发剂,优选一种或多种自由基光引发剂。例如,可以使用本领域已知的在3D打印组合物中使用的所有光引发剂,例如,可以使用本领域已知的用于SLA、DLP或PPJ(光敏聚合物喷射)工艺的光引发剂。
示例性光引发剂可以是单一化合物、两种或更多种活性化合物的混合物、或两种或更多种不同化合物的组合(例如共引发剂)。根据本发明的特定方面,光引发剂选自1-羟基环己基苯基酮、2-甲基-1-[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-2-吗啉代丙-1-酮、2-苄基-2-N,N-二甲基氨基-1-(4-吗啉代苯基)-1-丁酮、1-羟基环己基苯基酮和二苯甲酮的组合、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基-2,4,4-三甲基戊基)氧化膦、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮、双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)苯基氧化膦、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙烷、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基-氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮的组合、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基次膦酸酯和2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基-氧化膦,以及它们的任何组合。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,光引发剂(D)以0.1至5重量%、更优选0.1至4重量%的量存在,在每种情况下基于组分(A)至(E)的总重量计。
组分(E)
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述组合物还可包含一种或多种助剂。
作为助剂(E),优选实例可提及表面活性物质、阻燃剂、成核剂、润滑剂蜡、染料、颜料、催化剂、UV吸收剂和稳定剂(例如抗氧化、水解、光、热或变色)、无机和/或有机填料和增强材料。作为水解抑制剂,优选低聚和/或高聚脂族或芳族碳二亚胺。为了稳定本发明固化的材料以抵抗老化和破坏性环境的影响,在优选实施方式中将稳定剂添加到体系中。
如果本发明的组合物在使用期间受到热氧化损伤,则在优选的实施方式中添加抗氧化剂。优选酚类抗氧化剂。酚类抗氧化剂,例如来自BASF SE的1010,在塑料添加剂手册(Plastics Additive Handbook),第5版,H.Zweifel编辑,Hanser出版社,慕尼黑,2001年,第98-107页、第116页和第121页中给出。
如果本发明的组合物暴露于UV光,则优选另外用UV吸收剂对其进行稳定。UV吸收剂通常被称为吸收高能UV光并耗散能量的分子。工业中使用的常规UV吸收剂属于例如肉桂酸酯、二苯氰基丙烯酸酯、甲脒、亚苄基丙二酸酯、二芳基丁二烯、三嗪和苯并三唑的类别。市售UV吸收剂的实例可在塑料添加剂手册(Plastics Additive Handbook),第5版,H.Zweifel编辑,Hanser出版社,慕尼黑,2001年,第116-122页中找到。
关于上述助剂的更多细节可以在专业文献中找到,例如塑料添加剂手册(Plastics Additive Handbook),第5版,H.Zweifel编辑,Hanser出版社,慕尼黑,2001年。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,助剂(E),如果有的话,以0至5重量%的量存在,在每种情况下基于组分(A)至(E)的总重量计。
关于组合物的定义和描述也适用于本发明的方法和用途。
在又一个方面中,本发明涉及制备用于3D打印的所述光固化液体树脂组合物的方法,包括在搅拌下将上述组分(A)、(B)、(C)、(D)和任选的(E)以如上定义的量混合。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述混合在室温下在搅拌下进行。对混合时间和搅拌速度没有特别限制,只要将组分(A)至(E)均匀混合在一起即可。在一个具体实施方式中,所述混合借助混合器以1000至3000RPM、优选1500至2500RPM进行5至25分钟,更优选8至20分钟。
在另一个方面中,本发明涉及光固化液体树脂组合物用于形成3D打印物体的用途。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,3D打印物体的实例包括鞋底、外衣、布料、鞋袜类、玩具、垫子、轮胎、软管、手套、密封件。
在仍又一个方面中,本发明涉及一种形成3D打印物体的方法,包括使用上述光固化液体树脂组合物作为3D打印的原材料。
形成3D打印物体的方法包括立体光刻(SLA)、数字光处理(DLP)或光敏聚合物喷射(PPJ)以及本领域技术人员已知的其他技术。优选地,复杂形状的固化3D物体的制备例如通过立体光刻法来实施,这已为人们所知多年。在该技术中,所需的成型制品由光固化组合物通过重复、交替顺序的两个步骤(i)和(ii)制成。在步骤(i)中,光固化组合物的层——其一个边界是组合物的表面——通过在与所需的待形成的成型制品的截面面积对应的表面区域内适当的成像辐射、优选地来自计算机控制的扫描激光束的成像辐射而固化,并且在步骤(ii)中,用一层新的光固化组合物的层覆盖所述固化层,且步骤(i)和(ii)的顺序经常重复直到完成所需的形状。
在一些实施方式中,所述方法通过立体光刻法进行,包括以下步骤:(a)使上述实施方式中描述的光固化树脂组合物之一形成层;(b)施加光化辐射以使所述光固化树脂组合物的层的至少一部分固化以形成固化层;(c)在固化层上引入一层新的光固化树脂组合物的层;(d)对所述新的光固化树脂组合物的层施加光化辐射以形成固化层;(e)重复步骤(c)和(d),直到制造出3D物体。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述方法还可以包括将步骤(e)中获得的3D物体整体进行后固化以形成最终的3D物体的步骤。优选地,在该步骤中,采用UV辐射对步骤(e)中得到的3D物体整体进行后固化以形成最终的3D物体。应当理解,在该步骤中,热处理(例如<80℃)也可以认为是一种后固化工艺。
据本发明,步骤(b)或(d)中的固化时间为1至10秒,优选2至6秒。根据本发明,后固化时间为0分钟至120分钟,优选10分钟至90分钟。
固化过程中的温度没有具体限制。具体来说,固化过程中的温度取决于使用的材料和3D打印机。
现在将参考实施例和比较例来描述本发明,这些实施例和比较例并不旨在限制本发明。
实施例
原料:
组分(A):
多官能丙烯酸酯树脂:
组分(B):
增塑剂:
组分(C):
活性稀释剂:
ACMO:丙烯酰吗啉,其可从RAHN获得;和
4-HBA:4-羟基丁基丙烯酸酯,其可从BASF SE获得。
8887:三羟甲基丙烷甲缩醛丙烯酸酯,即来自BASF SE的Laromer LR 8887。
组分(D):
光引发剂:
TPO:2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦,即来自IGM的Omnirad。
测试方法:
(1)玻璃化转变温度(Tg)
玻璃化转变温度根据ASTM D5026-15使用TA Instruments(即RSA G2)通过动态热机械分析(DMA)测定,其中使用的参数包括:加热范围:-70至150℃,加热速率:2℃/min,频率:1H,应变:1%。
(2)硬度
硬度根据ASTM D2240-15使用ASKER DUROMETER(TYPE A)测定。
(3)能量回复率(循环拉伸测试)
能量回复率根据ISO 527-5:2009使用Stable Micro Systems Texture Analyser(TA-HD plus)测定,其中使用的参数包括:测前速度(Pre-test Speed):60.0mm/min;测试速度(载荷)(Test Speed(load)):100.2mm/min;测后速度(无载荷)(Post-test Speed(unload)):100.2mm/min;应变(Strain):50%;圈数(Cycles):6。
能量回复率通过载荷曲线和无载荷曲线下的面积计算:
能量回复率=(无载荷曲线下的面积)/(载荷曲线下的面积)×100%
在图2中,能量回复率=B/(A+B)*100%,其中B表示无载荷曲线下的面积,A+B表示载荷曲线下的面积。
(4)拉伸试验(包括拉伸强度、杨氏模量和断裂伸长率)
拉伸强度、杨氏模量和断裂伸长率根据ISO 527-5:2009使用Zwick,Z050拉伸设备测定,其中使用的参数包括:起始位置:50mm;预载荷(Pre-load):0.02MPa;测试速度:50mm/min。
1.组合物的制备
下述实施例中使用的具体配方在表1中示出。
比较例1*
将40g 8411、40g ACMO和2g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机(speed-mixer)以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物1*。
发明例1a
将40g 8411、40g ACMO、10g DOA和2g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物1a。
发明例1b
将40g 8411、40g ACMO、20g DOA和2g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物1b。
比较例2*
将40g PE56F、40g 1122和2g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物2*。
实施例2a
将40g PE56F、40g 1122、10g DINA和2g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物2a。
实施例2b
将40g PE56F、40g 1122、20g DINA和2g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物2b。
比较例3*
将40g 8413、20g 4-HBA、20g ACMO和2g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物3*。
实施例3a
将40g 8413、20g 4-HBA、20g ACMO、10g DINA和2g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物3a。
实施例3b
将40g 8413、20g 4-HBA、20g ACMO、20g DINA和2g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物3b。
实施例3c
将40g 8413、20g 4-HBA、20g ACMO、40g DINA和2g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物3c。
比较例4*
将200g 9033和4g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物4*。
实施例4a
将190g 9033、10g DINCH和4g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物4a。
实施例4b
将160g 9033、40g DINCH和4g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物4b。
实施例4c
将120g 9033、80g DINCH和4g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物4c。
实施例4d
将100g 9033、100g DINCH和4g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物4d。
实施例4e
将80g 9033、120g DINCH和4g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物4e。
比较例5*
将100g BRC-843S、100g 8887和4g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物5*。
实施例5a
将80g BRC-843S、80g 8887、40g 652和4g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物5a。
实施例5b
60g BRC-843S、60g 8887、80g 652和4g TPO加入塑料小瓶中,并在25℃下通过高速混合机以2000RPM混合10分钟。这样得到光固化液体树脂组合物5a。
2.浇铸样品的测试
2.1固化样品的制备
将上述实施例中得到的每种组合物各1.8g各自用UV LED固化系统-YW150100(UVPRO Co.,Ltd.制造)在25℃下浇铸0.1min,其中LED光源为405nm;履带速度(Trackspeed)为3m/min;通过一次的能量为1298mJ/cm2;样品需要进行四次。然后,将作为整体获得的试样各自通过NextDentTM LC-3DPrint Box进行后固化60分钟,其中在该过程中使用了12个功率为18W的灯(6个色号71&6个色号78)。
2.2测试棒的制备
将由上文获得的固化样品各自切割成条形测试棒,尺寸为40mm×4mm×2mm。
2.3测试结果
如上所述分别对测试棒进行测试。测试结果在下表2中示出。
从表2可以看出,通过将增塑剂引入组合物中,随着增塑剂含量的增加,大多数所得样品的硬度、Tg、模量和能量回复率都有显著改善。尤其是从第4组和第5组可以看出,大量增塑剂的加入可以在高水平下改善并维持材料的能量回复率。测试结果表现出硬度、Tg和模量的显著改善。所述事实还表明,增塑剂的引入对固化状态下改善的柔性和弹性材料特性有贡献。
3.浇铸样品和打印样品的比较的测试
3.1固化样品的制备
在上述实施例中获得的组合物5、5a和5b各自通过3D打印的方式固化。具体地,在25℃下使用MiiCraft 1503D打印机(MiiCraft制造)将150g的组合物5、5a和5b逐层打印,其中3D打印机中的参数包括:打印厚度:50μm;固化时间:3.00s;速度:慢;间隙调整(Gap.Adj):0.1mm;底层:2;底层固化时间:5s;缓冲层:2;功率110%(约6.6mW/cm2)。然后,将获得的试样整体分别通过NextDentTM LC-3DPrint Box进行后固化60分钟,其中在该过程中使用12个功率为18W的灯(6个色号71&6个色号78)。
3.2测试棒的制备
将上文获得的固化样品5、5a和5b分别切割成条形测试棒,尺寸为40mm×4mm×2mm。
3.3测试结果
如上所述分别对测试棒进行测试。测试结果在下表3中示出。为了进行比较,浇铸组合物5*、5a和5b的数据也在表3中列出。
表3
从表3可以看出,印刷样品的硬度、应力、伸长率和Tg略小于浇铸样品,前者的能量回复率略大于后者。但是,考虑到制备工艺的差异,可以认为它们具有相似的机械性能。因此,通过3D打印获得的样品应该具有与通过浇铸获得的样品相似的特性。上述测试2可以模拟相应打印样品的力学性能测试结果,测试2中得到的结论同样适用于3D打印组合物1*至5b。此外,出乎意料地发现,即使大量使用,增塑剂在3D打印样品中仍能发挥良好作用,进一步显著改善了样品的弹性而不会发生迁移。
Claims (19)
1.一种用于3D打印的光固化液体树脂组合物,其包含
(A)1至90重量%的包含烯键式不饱和辐射固化官能团的低聚物;
(B)1至90重量%的增塑剂;
(C)0至90重量%的活性稀释剂;
(D)0.1至10重量%的光引发剂;和
(E)0至5重量%的助剂,
其中组分(A)至(E)的总重量为100重量%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述包含烯键式不饱和辐射固化官能团的低聚物(A)包括含有烯键式不饱和辐射固化单和/或多官能团的低聚物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中低聚物(A)以5-80重量%的量存在。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物,其中低聚物(A)包含以下一般类别的烯键式不饱和低聚物:氨基甲酸酯、聚醚、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯碳酸酯、丙烯酸类、硅氧烷或它们的任何组合,优选地,低聚物(A)包含基于氨基甲酸酯的低聚物、基于丙烯酸酯的低聚物、基于聚酯的低聚物、基于聚醚的低聚物、基于氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯的低聚物、基于聚醚氨基甲酸酯的低聚物、基于聚酯氨基甲酸酯的低聚物或基于硅氧烷的低聚物,以及它们的任何组合或子集。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物,其中增塑剂(B)以5至85重量%、更优选5至80重量%、最优选5至70重量%、特别是5至60重量%的量存在,在每种情况下基于组分(A)至(E)的总重量计。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的组合物,其中增塑剂(B)选自C3-C15、优选C3-C10聚羧酸以及它们与直链或支链C2-C30脂族醇的酯,苯甲酸酯类,环氧化植物油,磺酰胺类,有机磷酸盐类,聚合物增塑剂,聚丁烯和聚异丁烯;优选地,增塑剂(B)选自C3-C15、优选C3-C10芳族二羧酸或三羧酸以及它们与直链或支链C2-C30脂族醇的酯,C3-C15、优选C3-C10脂族二羧酸或三羧酸以及它们与直链或支链C2-C30脂族醇的酯,苯甲酸酯类,环氧化植物油,磺酰胺类,有机磷酸盐类,聚合物增塑剂,聚丁烯和聚异丁烯;仍优选地,所述聚合物增塑剂为聚酯增塑剂,其通过多元醇的酯化获得。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述活性稀释剂(C)以0至80重量%的量存在,基于组分(A)至(E)的总重量计。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的组合物,其中活性稀释剂(C)为单官能的或多官能的单体;优选地,活性稀释剂(C)为一种或多种选自以下的单官能或多官能单体:丙烯酸;丙烯酸酯单体,选自氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-(2-乙氧基)乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸四氢糠酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸异癸酯、丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异冰片酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二环戊烯氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二环戊二烯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟丁酯、己内酯丙烯酸酯、吗啉(甲基)丙烯酸酯、己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸十八烷基酯、丙烯酸烯丙酯、乙氧基化壬基苯酚丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯化单体及其组合;以及乙烯基烷基噁唑烷酮,例如乙烯基甲基噁唑烷酮和丙烯酰基吗啉;更优选地,活性稀释剂(C)是丙烯酸酯单体,例如氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸异癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟丁酯、三羟甲基丙烷丙烯酸酯、乙烯基烷基噁唑烷酮例如乙烯基甲基噁唑烷酮,和丙烯酰基吗啉。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的组合物,其中光引发剂(D)以0.1至5重量%、更优选0.1至4重量%的量存在,在每种情况下基于组分(A)至(E)的总重量计。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的组合物,其中光引发剂(D)选自1-羟基环己基苯基酮、2-甲基-1-[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-2-吗啉代丙-1-酮、2-苄基-2-N,N-二甲基氨基-1-(4-吗啉代苯基)-1-丁酮、1-羟基环己基苯基酮和二苯甲酮的组合、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基-2,4,4-三甲基戊基)氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮的组合、双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)苯基氧化膦、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙烷、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基-氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮的组合;2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基次膦酸酯和2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基-氧化膦。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的组合物,其中助剂(E)以0至4重量%的量存在,在每种情况下基于组分(A)至(E)的总重量计。
12.制备根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的光固化液体树脂组合物的方法,包括将组分(A)至(E)以权利要求1至11中任一项所定义的量混合。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述混合在室温下在搅拌下进行。
14.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的组合物或通过根据权利要求12或13所述的方法获得的组合物用于形成3D打印物体的用途。
15.根据权利要求14所述的用途,其中所述3D打印物体包括鞋底、外衣、布料、鞋袜类、玩具、垫子、轮胎、软管、手套、密封件。
16.一种形成3D打印物体的方法,包括使用根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的光固化液体树脂组合物或通过根据权利要求12或13所述的方法获得的光固化液体树脂组合物作为3D打印的原材料。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述方法通过立体光刻(SLA)、数字光处理(DLP)或光敏聚合物喷射(PPJ)来实施。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的方法,其中,所述方法通过立体光刻进行,包括以下步骤:(a)使上述实施方式中描述的光固化树脂组合物之一形成层;(b)施加光化辐射以使所述光固化树脂组合物的层的至少一部分固化以形成固化层;(c)在固化层上引入一层新的光固化树脂组合物的层;(d)对所述新的光固化树脂组合物的层施加光化辐射以形成固化层;(e)重复步骤(c)和(d),直到制造出3D物体。
19.根据权利要求16至18中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述方法还包括将步骤(e)中获得的3D物体整体进行后固化以形成最终3D物体的步骤。
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