CN115939909A - Rectangular corrugated C-band Cerenkov oscillator - Google Patents
Rectangular corrugated C-band Cerenkov oscillator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rectangular corrugated C-waveband Cerenkov oscillator, which comprises an oscillator cavity and a solenoid magnetic field which is annularly arranged outside the oscillator cavity, wherein the oscillator cavity comprises an anode outer cylinder, a stop neck, a resonant reflection cavity, a slow wave structure, an extraction cavity and an output waveguide which are sequentially arranged; the anode outer barrel is internally provided with a cathode, the slow wave structure is formed by arranging 5 rectangular slow wave blades with the same parameters, and every two rectangular slow wave blades are connected by a circular ring. The invention adopts the scheme of optimizing the slow wave structure and combining the extraction cavity and the reflection cavity to extract the efficiency; and a hollow scheme that the electron beam striking position is positioned behind the extraction cavity is adopted, so that the radiation is more favorable than a coaxial scheme that the electron beam striking position is positioned in a coaxial inner cylinder, the problem that the conventional relativistic Cerenkov oscillator is difficult to consider the long-output microwave pulse width and high-power conversion efficiency is solved, the long-pulse-width and high-efficiency microwave output is realized under the condition that only five-period slow-wave blades are used, and the microwave source has a simple structure, is easy to process and is easy to repeat frequency operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave source device in the technical field of high-power microwaves, in particular to a rectangular corrugated C-band Cerenkov oscillator, and belongs to the technical field of high-power microwaves.
Background
High power microwave generally refers to electromagnetic wave with peak power more than 100MW and frequency between 1GHz and 300GHz, and the high power microwave technology is an emerging research field accompanied with the development of pulse power technology, plasma physics and electric vacuum technology. Has bright application prospect in the aspects of plasma heating, high-power radar, particle radio frequency acceleration and utilization of future space energy.
The high power microwave source is the core device of the high power microwave system, and its operation is based on coherent radiation of electron beam. The coherent radiation mechanism of the electron beam is divided into three types of Cerenkov radiation, transit radiation and bremsstrahlung radiation. The high-power microwave source based on the Cerenkov radiation mechanism is mainly a relativistic Cerenkov oscillator and a relativistic Cerenkov amplifier. High power microwave sources based on the transit radiation mechanism are mainly relativistic klystron oscillators and relativistic klystron amplifiers. The high-power microwave source based on the bremsstrahlung mechanism mainly comprises free electron laser, a virtual cathode and the like.
Relativistic cerenkov oscillators are one of the most promising high power microwave source devices at present. The coherent microwave radiation device utilizes the interaction of a relativistic electron beam and an electromagnetic wave mode (structural wave) in a slow wave structure to generate self oscillation and amplification to form coherent microwave radiation, and has the characteristics of high power, high efficiency, suitability for repeated frequency work and the like. Nowadays, improving the power conversion efficiency of the device and extending the pulse width of the output microwave have become important directions for the development of the device. The higher output power can be obtained under the same input power by improving the beam wave action efficiency of the device, and the longer microwave output can be obtained under the same input electrical length by prolonging the pulse width of the output microwave. Both are favorable for saving energy and obtaining a more practical and miniaturized high-power microwave system.
Research on Long Pulse relativity Cerenkov oscillators is typically a device designed by the university of defense Science and technology [ Jun Zhang, zhen-Xing Jin, jian-Hua Yang, hui-Huang Zhong, ting Shu, jian-De Zhang, bao-Liang Qian, cheng-Wei Yuan, zhi-Qiang Li, yu-Wei Fan, sheng-Yue Zhou, and Liu-Rong xu. The structure comprises a cathode base, a cathode, an anode outer cylinder and a stop neckThe slow wave structure, the tapered waveguide, the output waveguide and the solenoid magnetic field, and the whole structure is rotationally symmetrical about the central axis. For convenience of description, the side closer to the cathode holder in the axial direction will be referred to as the left end, and the side farther from the cathode holder will be referred to as the right end hereinafter. Wherein the slow wave structure comprises 5 slow wave blades, and the internal surface of every slow wave blade all is the trapezium structure, and 4 slow wave blades on the left side are the same completely, and the 5 th slow wave blade has great biggest outer radius, the length L of 5 slow wave blades 1 The same is true. The output waveguide has an inner radius of R 7 The residual electrons are collected by the inner wall of the waveguide. The device has a simple structure, is beneficial to stable output of high-power microwaves, adopts the output waveguide with a larger radius to collect residual electrons, reduces the density of electrons at a collecting position, reduces the quantity of secondary electrons generated by electron bombardment on the inner wall of the output waveguide, further weakens the influence of plasma on the microwaves, and is beneficial to realizing long-pulse operation. The experimental result shows that the microwave output power reaches 1GW, the pulse width is 100ns, and the frequency is 3.6GHz. However, the power conversion efficiency of the device is low, only 20%, and is lower than the power conversion efficiency of about 30% of the conventional relativistic Cerenkov oscillator. The microwave with the same power is output, and the lower power conversion efficiency requires the pulse driving source to inject higher electric power, so that the higher requirement is provided for the driving capability of the pulse driving source, and the structure is not beneficial to be compact. Therefore, the technical scheme cannot realize the high-efficiency operation of the long-pulse relativistic Cerenkov oscillator, and is not beneficial to realizing the miniaturization and the compactness of a high-power microwave system.
There are various ways to improve the power conversion efficiency of the relativistic cerenkov oscillator, such as adopting a non-uniform slow wave structure, adding a resonant cavity, adopting plasma loading, etc. Liu Guest, chengchang, zhang Yulong, the backward wave tube of coaxial extraction relativistic, and the intense laser and particle beam, 2001, vol.13, no.4, pp.467-470 disclose a structure of a coaxial extraction relativistic Cerenkov oscillator. The slow wave structure in the structure is composed of 9 slow wave blades, the inner surface of each slow wave blade is of a trapezoidal structure, the left 8 slow wave blades are completely the same, and the 9 th slow wave blade has a higher strengthLarge maximum outer radius, length L of 9 slow-wave blades 1 The same is true. The coaxial extraction relativistic backward wave tube also comprises a cylindrical coaxial extraction structure, wherein an annular groove is dug in the left end face of the coaxial extraction structure, and residual electrons are absorbed by the inner wall of the groove. Because the structure is only a numerical simulation model which is preliminarily established, the connection mode of the coaxial extraction structure and the output waveguide is not handed over. The result of the particle simulation shows that the output microwave power is 2.0GW, the frequency is 9.28GHz, and the efficiency reaches 45%. However, in the simulation result of this device, the output power contains a dc component, and thus the simulation result has a large error. The slow wave structure of the device adopts 9 slow wave blades, so that the axial length is too large, and the miniaturization of the device is not facilitated. In addition, the device intends to utilize the inner wall of the groove on the left side of the coaxial extraction structure to absorb residual electrons, so that secondary electrons generated by electron beams directly bombarding the inner wall of the output waveguide are reduced, the influence of the secondary electrons on the working process of the device is further weakened, and the long-pulse output of microwaves is realized. The coaxial extraction structure is located inside the device, so that water circulation is not easy to cool, and the long-pulse and repeated-frequency work of the relativistic Cerenkov oscillator is not facilitated.
Long pulse and high efficiency are the goals sought by microwave source designers cumin, although relativistic cerenkov oscillators have been studied for many years, it is still challenging to compromise between long microwave pulse and high efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a rectangular corrugated C-waveband Cerenkov oscillator, which adopts a scheme of optimizing a slow wave structure and combining an extraction cavity and a reflection cavity to extract efficiency; and a hollow scheme that the electron beam striking position is positioned behind the extraction cavity is adopted, so that the radiation is more favorable than a coaxial scheme that the electron beam striking position is positioned in a coaxial inner cylinder, the problem that a conventional relativistic Cerenkov oscillator cannot give consideration to both long-output microwave pulse width and high-power conversion efficiency is solved, the long-pulse-width and high-efficiency microwave output is realized under the condition that only five-period slow-wave blades are used, and the microwave source has a simple structure, is easy to process and is easy to repeat frequency operation.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the invention relates to a rectangular corrugated C-waveband Cerenkov oscillator, which is characterized in that: the rectangular corrugated C-band Cerenkov oscillator comprises an oscillator cavity and a solenoid magnetic field arranged outside the oscillator cavity in a surrounding mode, wherein the oscillator cavity comprises an anode outer cylinder, a stop neck, a resonant reflection cavity, a slow wave structure, an extraction cavity and an output waveguide which are sequentially arranged; the cathode is arranged in the anode outer barrel, the slow wave structure is formed by arranging 5 rectangular slow wave blades with the same parameters, and every two rectangular slow wave blades are connected through a circular ring.
Further, the cathode is a thin-walled cylinder with a wall thickness of 2mm and an inner radius R 1 Equal to the radius of the electron beam, and the anode outer cylinder has an inner radius of R 2 The metal housing of (1).
Furthermore, the stop neck is in a disc shape, and the inner radius is R 3 ，R 3 ＞R 1 Length of L 2 Length L between the cutoff neck and the cathode 1 Distance between cathode and anode, L 1 Greater than 2cm.
Further, the resonant reflecting cavity is disc-shaped, and the inner radius R 3 And an outer radius R 4 Satisfy R 4 ＞R 3 Length L of 3 The value is 0.4-0.5 times of the working wavelength lambda.
Further, the distance from the resonant reflecting cavity is L 4 Is in slow wave structure, L 4 The value is 0.2-0.3 times of the working wavelength lambda.
Furthermore, the length of each two trapezoidal slow wave blades is L 7 And inner radii are both R 3 The length of each slow wave blade is L 5 All radii are R 5 。
Furthermore, the slow wave structure is followed by a section of inner radius R 3 Length of L 6 The transition section of (1).
Furthermore, the transition section is connected with an extraction cavity in the rear, the extraction cavity is disc-shaped, and the outer radius is R 6 Length of L 7 Satisfy R 6 >R 4 。
Furthermore, the rear end of the extraction cavity is connected with a slow-wave structure with the radius of R 3 The output waveguide of (2).
Furthermore, the anode outer cylinder, the stop neck, the resonant reflection cavity, the slow wave structure, the extraction cavity and the output waveguide are all made of stainless steel, the cathode is made of graphite, and the solenoid magnetic field is formed by winding copper wires.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can achieve the following technical effects:
1) The invention adopts a five-period rectangular slow wave structure, and has the following main functions:
1.1 The longitudinal electromagnetic wave mode excited around the frequency of 4.3Ghz after adopting the five-period rectangular slow-wave structure is shown in fig. 3, and the change of the electric field lines is seen for 4 times, namely the longitudinal mode of the device works on the 4/5 pi mode. Generally, the closer the longitudinal mode of the device is to the pi mode, the closer the group velocity of the electron beam and the phase velocity of the excitation structure wave are, the closer the two are, the easier the transduction between the electron beam and the structure wave is, i.e. the easier the kinetic energy of the electrons in the electron beam is converted into the energy of the electromagnetic wave to be output. But because at the pi-mode point, the group velocity of the electron beam is the same as the phase velocity of the exciting structure wave, i.e. no transduction occurs. It is generally believed that the longitudinal mode of the device is a better operating point for beam interaction to occur when operating in the (n-1)/n pi mode. The slow wave structure in the preferred embodiment of the invention operates exactly in the 4/5 pi mode, facilitating beam transduction.
1.2 Dispersion curve and electron beam line after adopting five-period rectangular slow-wave structure are shown in FIG. 4, and the first 3-order modes in the transverse axisymmetric mode of the hollow rectangular regular slow-wave structure are respectively TM 01 ，TM 02 ，TM 03 Second order, i.e. TM 01 The mode is called a fundamental mode, other modes are called higher-order modes, a device with a transverse mode working in the fundamental mode is called a fundamental mode device, and a device with a transverse mode working in the higher-order mode is called an over-mode device. In general, fundamental mode devices do not have the problem of axisymmetric lateral mode competition, and over-mode devices need to face the problem of axisymmetric lateral mode competition, but have higher power capacity than fundamental mode devices. The transverse mode operating point can be selected by the beam voltage (which affects the beam slope) and the device radius (which determines the cavity interior)Which modes can exist). In this example, the transverse mode operating point is selected to be TM by optimizing the beam voltage and the device radius 01 At the 4/5 pi mode point of the mode, the competition of the transverse mode can be avoided, and the output microwave mode is pure.
2) The invention adopts an extraction cavity structure, and has the following main functions:
2.1 The axial power flow diagram at a certain time after the saturation of the device of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 5, and the extraction cavity structure adopted in the preferred embodiment is immediately after the slow-wave structure, and the electromagnetic wave energy is extracted by the extraction cavity immediately after being excited at the slow-wave structure by adopting the design, and the advantage of adopting the design is that: 1. the drift section is not available, the problem of wavelength matching is not considered, and the energy excited at the last slow-wave structure is the highest, so that the energy in the electron beam can be efficiently extracted; 2. the extraction cavity is closely following the slow wave structure, thereby being beneficial to controlling the axial total length of the device and being beneficial to the miniaturization of the device.
2.2 The graph of the change of the output power of the device with time in the preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 6, and it can be seen that the output microwave operates stably in the range of 150ns without obvious pulse shortening phenomenon.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a rectangular corrugated C-band Cerenkov oscillator according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a rectangular corrugated C-band Cerenkov oscillator provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal mode diagram of a microwave portion of a rectangular slow wave structure of a preferred embodiment of a rectangular corrugated C-band Cerenkov oscillator according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of partial dispersion of a slow wave structure of a preferred embodiment of a rectangular corrugated C-band Cerenkov oscillator according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic axial power flow diagram at a time after saturation of a preferred embodiment of a rectangular corrugated C-band Cerenkov oscillator provided by the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph of the change of the microwave output power with time of the preferred embodiment of the rectangular corrugated C-band cerenkov oscillator provided by the present invention.
The reference numerals are explained below:
301. a cathode; 302. an anode outer cylinder; 303. a cut-off neck; 304. a resonant reflective cavity; 305. a slow wave structure; 306. an extraction chamber; 307. an output waveguide; 308. a solenoid magnetic field; 309. an oscillator cavity.
Detailed Description
The general aspects of the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
see fig. 1, 2; the structure of the specific embodiment of the rectangular corrugated C-band Cerenkov oscillator provided by the invention comprises an oscillator cavity 309 and a solenoid magnetic field 308 arranged on the outer side of the oscillator cavity 309 in a surrounding manner, wherein the oscillator cavity 309 comprises an anode outer cylinder 302, a stop neck 303, a resonant reflection cavity 304, a slow wave structure 305, an extraction cavity 306 and an output waveguide 307 which are sequentially arranged; a cathode 301 is arranged in the anode outer cylinder 302; the whole structure is rotationally symmetrical about a central axis, the left end of the cathode 301 is externally connected with an inner conductor of a pulse power source, the left end of the anode outer cylinder 302 is externally connected with an anode of the pulse power source, and the right end of the output waveguide 307 is connected with a mode converter and an antenna; wherein:
the cathode 301 is a thin-walled cylinder with a wall thickness of 2mm and an inner radius R 1 Equal to the electron beam radius;
the anode outer cylinder 302 has an inner radius R 2 The left end of the metal shell is externally connected with an anode of a pulse power source;
the stop neck 303 is shaped like a disk with an inner radius R 3 ，R 3 ＞R 1 Length of L 2 Length L between cutoff neck 303 and cathode 301 1 Called the distance between the anode and cathode, L 1 Too small results in premature expansion of the cathode plasma to the anode resulting in a shorter cathode-anode closing pulse, so L 1 Typically greater than 2cm;
the resonant reflective cavity 304 is disk-shaped with an inner radius R 3 And an outer radius R 4 Satisfy R 4 ＞R 3 Length L of 3 Typically taken to be 0 of the operating wavelength λ4-0.5 times;
a length L from the resonant reflective cavity 304 4 Is a slow wave structure 305, L 4 The value is generally 0.2 to 0.3 times of the working wavelength lambda;
the slow-wave structure 305 is composed of 5 rectangular slow-wave blades with the same parameters, and the lengths of the rectangular slow-wave blades are all L 7 And inner radii are both R 3 The ring of (2);
the length of each slow wave blade is L 5 All radii are R 5 ；
The slow wave structure 305 is followed by a segment of inner radius R 3 Length of L 6 The transition section of (1);
the transition section is connected with an extraction cavity 306, the extraction cavity 306 is disc-shaped, and the outer radius is R 6 Length of L 7 Satisfy R 6 >R 4 The length and the depth of the slow-wave structure determine the microwave extraction effect of the extraction cavity 306 and the matching effect of the extraction cavity 306 and the slow-wave structure 305;
the rear part of the extraction cavity 306 is connected with an inner radius R of a slow wave structure 3 And the right end of the output waveguide 307 is connected with a mode converter and an antenna.
The anode outer cylinder 302, the stop neck 303, the resonant reflection cavity 304, the slow wave structure 305, the extraction cavity 306 and the output waveguide 307 are all made of stainless steel, the cathode 301 is made of graphite, and the solenoid magnetic field 308 is formed by winding copper wires.
This embodiment implements a C-band cerenkov oscillator (dimensioned accordingly: R) with a center frequency of 4.24GHz (corresponding to a microwave wavelength λ =7 cm) 1 ＝45mm，R 2 ＝80mm，R 3 ＝50mm，R 4 ＝65mm， R 5 ＝52mm，R 6 ＝60mm，R 7 ＝75mm；L 1 ＝21mm，L 2 ＝64mm，L 3 ＝33mm，L 4 ＝18mm， L 5 ＝16mm，L 6 ＝2mm，L 7 =12 mm). In the particle simulation, under the conditions of diode voltage 656kV, current 14.3 kA and guiding magnetic field 1.2T, the microwave power is output to be 4.0GW, and the power conversion efficiency is 43%.
Referring to fig. 3, it can be seen that the five-cycle slow wave structure has a 4/5 pi mode of the longitudinal mode of the electromagnetic wave at 4.3GHz, which facilitates the exchange of beam energy.
Referring to FIG. 4, it can be seen that after the lateral mode selection of the five-period slow-wave structure, the structure is matched with the fundamental mode TM 01 The mode focus is intersected at the position of about 4/5 pi mode, and the transverse working mode is favorable for inhibiting the mode competition in the cavity, so that the transverse mode of the output microwave is pure.
Referring to fig. 5, it can be seen that the present model is excited by microwave energy at the reflective cavity stage, where the electromagnetic energy is stepped up at the slow wave structure and extracted strongly at the extraction cavity. This illustrates that the use of a carefully designed reflective cavity, slow wave structure and extraction cavity facilitates better extraction of microwave energy from the beam.
Referring to fig. 6, it can be seen that the output microwave power of the model of the present invention is 4.0GW after the operation is saturated, that is, the device can better increase the output microwave power, and the microwave operation is stable without pulse shortening.
Of course, in the preferred embodiment, other connection manners may be adopted among the stop neck 303, the resonant reflective cavity 304, the slow wave structure 305, the extraction cavity 306, and the output waveguide 307, and the device structure may also be processed by using other materials, which are only preferred embodiments of the present invention.
The present disclosure and the technical contents not specifically described in the above embodiments are the same as the prior art.
The above embodiments are only specific embodiments disclosed in the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the scope of the present invention disclosed in the present invention should be subject to the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A C-band Cerenkov oscillator with rectangular ripples is characterized in that: the rectangular corrugated C-band Cerenkov oscillator comprises an oscillator cavity and a solenoid magnetic field arranged outside the oscillator cavity in a surrounding mode, wherein the oscillator cavity comprises an anode outer cylinder, a stop neck, a resonant reflection cavity, a slow wave structure, an extraction cavity and an output waveguide which are sequentially arranged; the cathode is arranged in the anode outer barrel, the slow wave structure is formed by arranging 5 rectangular slow wave blades with the same parameters, and every two rectangular slow wave blades are connected through a circular ring.
2. The rectangular corrugated C-band cerenkov oscillator of claim 1, wherein: the cathode is a thin-walled cylinder with a wall thickness of 2mm and an inner radius R 1 Equal to the radius of the electron beam, the outer cylinder of the anode has an inner radius of R 2 The metal housing of (1).
3. The rectangular corrugated C-band cerenkov oscillator of claim 2, wherein: the stop neck is disc-shaped, and the inner radius is R 3 ，R 3 ＞R 1 Length of L 2 Length L between cutoff neck and cathode 1 Distance between cathode and anode, L 1 Greater than 2cm.
4. The rectangular corrugated C-band cerenkov oscillator of claim 3, wherein: the resonant reflecting cavity is disc-shaped and has an inner radius R 3 And an outer radius R 4 Satisfy R 4 ＞R 3 Length L of 3 The value is 0.4-0.5 times of the working wavelength lambda.
5. The rectangular corrugated C-band cerenkov oscillator of claim 4, wherein: a distance L from the resonant reflective cavity 4 Is in slow wave structure, L 4 The value is 0.2-0.3 times of the working wavelength lambda.
6. The rectangular corrugated C-band cerenkov oscillator of claim 5, wherein: the length of each two trapezoidal slow wave blades is L 7 All inner radii are R 3 The length of each slow wave blade is L 5 All radii are R 5 。
7. The rectangular corrugated C-band cerenkov oscillator of claim 6, wherein: the slow wave structure is followed by a section of inner radius R 3 Length of L 6 The transition section of (2).
8. The rectangular corrugated C-band cerenkov oscillator of claim 7, wherein: the transition section is connected with an extraction cavity in the rear, the extraction cavity is disc-shaped, and the outer radius is R 6 Length of L 7 Satisfy R 6 >R 4 。
9. The rectangular corrugated C-band cerenkov oscillator of claim 8, wherein: the rear-connected radius of the extraction cavity is the inner radius R of the slow wave structure 3 The output waveguide of (2).
10. The rectangular corrugated C-band cerenkov oscillator of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the anode outer cylinder, the stop neck, the resonant reflection cavity, the slow wave structure, the extraction cavity and the output waveguide are all made of stainless steel, the cathode is made of graphite, and the solenoid magnetic field is formed by winding copper wires.
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