CN115912018A - Cerenkov oscillator for changing microwave output frequency - Google Patents
Cerenkov oscillator for changing microwave output frequency Download PDFInfo
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- CN115912018A CN115912018A CN202211529625.8A CN202211529625A CN115912018A CN 115912018 A CN115912018 A CN 115912018A CN 202211529625 A CN202211529625 A CN 202211529625A CN 115912018 A CN115912018 A CN 115912018A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Cerenkov oscillator for changing microwave output frequency, which comprises an oscillator cavity and a solenoid magnetic field arranged outside the oscillator cavity in a surrounding mode, wherein the solenoid magnetic field comprises a main solenoid magnetic field and a secondary solenoid magnetic field, the secondary solenoid magnetic field is positioned between the main solenoid magnetic field and the outside of the oscillator cavity, and the oscillator cavity comprises an anode outer cylinder, a cut-off neck, a resonant reflection cavity, a slow wave structure and an output waveguide which are sequentially arranged; the anode outer cylinder is internally provided with a cathode, the cavity of the oscillator is internally provided with an inner conductor in the axial direction, and one end of the inner conductor is connected with the output waveguide through a support rod. The invention designs a coaxial structure, according to the surface wave characteristics of the slow wave structure, the electron beam track is controlled to be close to an inner conductor and an oscillator cavity by controlling the magnetic field configuration to change the electron beam track so as to obtain different frequencies, and the magnetic field configuration can be changed by only controlling whether current passes through a specific magnetic field so as to change the electron beam track and further obtain microwaves of different wave bands. The structure principle is simple, the method is novel, and the variables are few.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave source device in the technical field of high-power microwaves, in particular to a Cerenkov oscillator for changing microwave output frequency by adjusting electron beam tracks through controlling a magnetic field, and belongs to the technical field of high-power microwaves.
Background
High power microwave generally refers to electromagnetic waves with peak power greater than 100MW and frequency between 1GHz and 300GHz, and the high power microwave technology is an emerging research field along with the development of pulse power technology, plasma physics and electric vacuum technology. Has bright application prospect in the aspects of plasma heating, high-power radar, particle radio frequency acceleration and utilization of future space energy.
The high power microwave source is the core device of the high power microwave system, and its operation is based on coherent radiation of electron beam. The coherent radiation mechanism of the electron beam is classified into cerenkov radiation, transit radiation and bremsstrahlung radiation. The high-power microwave source based on the Cerenkov radiation mechanism is mainly a relativistic Cerenkov oscillator and a relativistic Cerenkov amplifier. The high-power microwave source based on the transition radiation mechanism is mainly a relativistic klystron oscillator and a relativistic klystron amplifier. The high-power microwave source based on the bremsstrahlung mechanism is mainly free electron laser, a virtual cathode and the like.
Relativistic cerenkov oscillators are one of the most promising high power microwave source devices at present. The coherent microwave radiation device utilizes the interaction of a relativistic electron beam and an electromagnetic wave mode (structural wave) in a slow wave structure to generate self oscillation and amplification to form coherent microwave radiation, and has the characteristics of high power, high efficiency, suitability for repeated frequency work and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a Cerenkov oscillator for changing microwave output frequency by adjusting electron beam tracks through controlling a magnetic field, which designs a coaxial structure, changes the electron beam tracks by controlling the magnetic field configuration according to the surface wave characteristics of a slow wave structure so as to control the electron beams to be close to an inner conductor and an oscillator cavity to obtain different frequencies, and changes the magnetic field configuration by only controlling whether current passes through a specific magnetic field so as to change the electron beam tracks and further obtain microwaves of different wave bands. The structure principle is simple, the method is novel, and the variables are few.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the invention relates to a Cerenkov oscillator for changing microwave output frequency, which is characterized in that: the Cerenkov oscillator for changing the microwave output frequency comprises an oscillator cavity and a solenoid magnetic field arranged on the outer side of the oscillator cavity in a surrounding mode, wherein the solenoid magnetic field comprises a main solenoid magnetic field and a secondary solenoid magnetic field, the secondary solenoid magnetic field is located between the main solenoid magnetic field and the outer side of the oscillator cavity, and the oscillator cavity comprises an anode outer cylinder, a stop neck, a resonant reflection cavity, a slow wave structure and an output waveguide which are sequentially arranged; the anode outer cylinder is internally provided with a cathode, the cavity of the oscillator is internally provided with an inner conductor in the axial direction, and the inner conductor is connected with the output waveguide through a support rod.
Further, the inner conductor is located at a distance L from the cathode 6 Where the radius of one end of the slow wave structure is R 6 The cylinder is internally carved with a slow wave structure which is a groove group structure, the total number of the groove bodies is 4, and the radius of each groove body is R 7 Length of L 8 The distance between the groove bodies is L 7 The other end of the inner conductor is connected with the output waveguide through a support rod, the support rod is 6 equiangular blades taking the axis of the cylindrical cavity as the axis, the angle for connecting and fixing each equiangular blade of the inner conductor is 10 degrees, and the support rod is positioned L-shaped away from the slow wave structure 9 Where the axial length is L 10 。
Further, the main solenoid magnetic field is divided into three parts, and the first part of the main solenoid magnetic field is L in length m1 Outer radius of R m1 Inner radius of R m4 The second part of the main solenoidal field is of length L m2 Outer radius of R m4 Inner radius of R m3 The third part of the main solenoid magnetic field is L in length m1 Outer radius of R m1 Inner radius of R m4 The first portion of the main solenoid magnetic field and the third portion of the main solenoid magnetic field are respectively disposed around both ends of the second portion of the main solenoid magnetic field.
Further, the secondary solenoid magnetic field is wound inside the primary solenoid magnetic field to have a length L m3 And an outer radius of R m3 Inner radius of R m2 The minimum radius of the entire secondary solenoid field should not be less than R m2 Satisfy R m1 >R 4 。
Further, the cathode is a thin-walled cylinder with a wall thickness of 2mm and an inner radius R 1 Equal to the radius of the electron beam, and the outer cylinder of the anode has an inner radius of R 2 The metal housing of (2).
Furthermore, the stop neck is in a disc shape, and the inner radius is R 3 ，R 3 ＞R 1 Length of L 2 Length L between the cutoff neck and the cathode 1 Distance between cathode and anode, L 1 Greater than 2cm.
Further, the resonant reflecting cavity is disc-shaped, and the inner radius R 3 And an outer radius R 4 Satisfy R 4 ＞R 3 Length L of 3 The value is 0.4-0.5 times of the working wavelength lambda.
Further, the distance from the resonant reflecting cavity is L 4 Is in slow wave structure, L 4 The value is 0.2-0.3 times of the working wavelength lambda, the slow wave structure is composed of 6 rectangular slow wave blades with the same parameters, and the length of each two trapezoidal slow wave blades is L 5 And inner radii are both R 3 The length of each slow wave blade is L 5 Radius is R 5 。
Furthermore, the rear radius of the slow wave structure is the inner radius R of the slow wave structure 3 The output waveguide of (2).
Furthermore, the anode outer cylinder, the stop neck, the resonant reflection cavity, the slow wave structure, the output waveguide and the inner conductor are all made of stainless steel, the cathode is made of graphite, and the main solenoid magnetic field and the secondary solenoid magnetic field are formed by winding copper wires.
The Cerenkov device which generates non-single frequency in the same device by applying various methods is called a multiband Cerenkov device. Because the multiband Cerenkov oscillator has multiple applications such as electromagnetic attack and defense, information frequency hopping transmission and the like, the application range is wide, the multiband Cerenkov oscillator becomes a research hotspot in recent years, and methods for realizing multiband of the same device have the following types: including but not limited to multi-chamber, mechanical tuning, electrical tuning, magnetic field tuning, etc. The invention introduces the inner conductor, and according to the surface wave characteristics of the slow wave structure, the electron beam track is changed by controlling the position and the shape of the magnetic field, so that the electron beam is controlled to be close to the inner conductor or the cavity of the oscillator, and different frequencies are obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can achieve the following technical effects:
the invention adopts a method for changing microwave output frequency by adjusting electron beam track through controlling a magnetic field, and has the following principle and benefits:
the cerenkov oscillator acquires energy through interaction between an electron beam and a cavity structure wave, and the structure wave is a surface wave. The surface wave is an electromagnetic wave whose amplitude of a slow wave exponentially attenuates with distance from the surface of a conductor and can function only in a short distance outside a slow-wave structure made of metal.
Based on the property that the surface wave can only act in a very short distance outside the slow-wave structure, we have designed a method of changing the electromagnetic wave trajectory by a magnetic field as shown in fig. 3. When the secondary solenoid magnetic field does not work, the electron beam sweeps through the slow wave structure on the oscillator cavity along the magnetic force line to exchange energy with the outer slow wave structure (on figure 3), the surface wave of the inner slow wave structure on the inner conductor cannot influence the electron beam because the inner slow wave structure on the inner conductor is too far away from the electron beam, and the microwave frequency output by the device is the C wave band determined by the outer slow wave structure; when the magnetic field of the secondary solenoid is generated by the same current as that of the main solenoid, due to the magnetic field potential type generated by the magnetic field of the main solenoid and the secondary solenoid, after the electron beam is emitted from the cathode, the electron beam gradually moves away from the oscillator cavity and approaches the inner conductor, completely sweeps over the inner slow-wave structure and finally hits the inner conductor (in fig. 3), and similarly, the surface wave of the outer slow-wave structure cannot influence the electron beam because the outer slow-wave structure is too far away from the electron beam. Therefore, the microwave output by the device is the S wave band determined by the inner slow wave structure.
In summary, according to the method for changing the microwave output frequency by controlling the magnetic field to adjust the electron beam trajectory, the magnetic field position can be adjusted by only controlling the on-off of the magnetic field current of the secondary solenoid when the whole device changes the working state, so that the electron beam trajectory is adjusted, and finally the device is controlled to output the microwave frequency. The principle is simple, and the change is single and easily control and change.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a Cerenkov oscillator for varying the output frequency of microwaves according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a Cerenkov oscillator for changing the output frequency of microwaves according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the trajectories of two magnetic field control electron beams of a preferred embodiment of a Cerenkov oscillator for changing the output frequency of microwaves according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of the microwave output power in two operating modes of the preferred embodiment of the cerenkov oscillator for changing the microwave output frequency.
The reference numerals are illustrated below:
101. a cathode; 102. an anode outer cylinder; 103. a cut-off neck; 104. a resonant reflective cavity; 105. a slow wave structure; 106. an output waveguide; 107. an inner conductor; 108. a support bar; 109. a main solenoid magnetic field; 110. a secondary solenoid magnetic field; 111. an oscillator cavity.
Detailed Description
The general aspects of the invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the structure of the cerenkov oscillator for changing the microwave output frequency according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an oscillator cavity 111 and a solenoid magnetic field disposed around the outside of the oscillator cavity 111, wherein the solenoid magnetic field includes a main solenoid magnetic field 109 and a sub solenoid magnetic field 110, and the sub solenoid magnetic field 110 is located between the main solenoid magnetic field 109 and the outside of the oscillator cavity 111; the oscillator cavity 111 comprises an anode outer cylinder 102, a cut-off neck 103, a resonant reflecting cavity 104, a slow-wave structure 105 and an output waveguide 106 which are sequentially arranged from left to right; the anode outer cylinder 102 is provided with a cathode 101. The whole structure is rotationally symmetrical about a central axis, an inner conductor 107 is axially arranged in an oscillator cavity 111, and the inner conductor 107 is connected with an output waveguide 106 through a support rod 108; the left end of the cathode 101 is externally connected with an inner conductor of a pulse power source, the left end of the anode outer cylinder 102 is externally connected with an anode of the pulse power source, and the right end of the output waveguide 106 is connected with a mode converter and an antenna; the Cerenkov oscillator part is as follows:
the cathode 101 is a thin-walled cylinder with a wall thickness of 2mm and an inner radius R 1 Equal to the electron beam radius;
the anode can 102 has an inner radius R 2 The left end of the metal shell is externally connected with an anode of a pulse power source;
the stop neck 103 is disk-shaped and has an inner radius R 3 ，R 3 ＞R 1 Length of L 2 Length L between the cutoff neck 103 and the cathode 101 1 Called the distance between the anode and cathode, L 1 Too small results in premature expansion of the cathode plasma to the anode resulting in a shorter cathode-anode closing pulse, so L 1 Typically greater than 2cm;
the resonant reflective cavity 104 is disk-shaped with an inner radius R 3 And an outer radius R 4 Satisfy R 4 ＞R 3 Length L of 3 The value is generally 0.4 to 0.5 times of the working wavelength lambda;
a length L from the resonant reflective cavity 104 4 Is in a slow wave structure 105, L 4 The value is generally 0.2 to 0.3 times of the working wavelength lambda;
the slow-wave structure 105 is composed of 6 rectangular slow-wave blades with the same parameters, and the length of each of the rectangular slow-wave blades is L 5 All inner radii are R 3 The ring of (2);
the length of each slow wave blade is L 7 Radius is R 5 ；
The rear-connected radius of the slow-wave structure 105 is the inner radius R of the slow-wave structure 3 The right end of the output waveguide 106 is connected to a mode converter and an antenna.
The inner conductor 107 is located at a distance L from the cathode 6 Where the radius of an inscribed slow wave structure is R 6 The inner conductor 107 is connected to the output waveguide 106 by a support rod 108.
From the front end L of the inner conductor 107 7 The part is a groove group serving as an inner slow wave structure, and the total number of the groove bodies is 4, and the radius of each groove body is R 7 Length of L 8 The space between the groove bodies is L 7 。
The support rod 108 is in the shape of a circle6 equiangular blades with axis of cylindrical cavity as axis, angle for connecting and fixing each equiangular blade of inner conductor 107 is 10 °, and support bar 108 is located L behind last slow wave blade in slow wave structure 105 9 Where the axial length is L 10 。
The magnetic field portions are as follows:
the main solenoid magnetic field 109 is a spiral magnetic field sleeved outside the Cerenkov oscillator, and the minimum radius of the whole main solenoid magnetic field 109 is not less than R m3 Satisfy R m1 >R 2 ；
The main solenoid magnetic field 109 is integral, but for ease of description, we describe the main solenoid magnetic field 109 as being divided into three parts, the first part of the main solenoid magnetic field being of length L m1 And an outer radius of R m1 Inner radius of R m4 The second part of the main solenoidal field is of length L m2 And an outer radius of R m4 Inner radius of R m3 The third part of the main solenoid magnetic field is L in length m1 And an outer radius of R m1 Inner radius of R m4 The first part of main solenoid magnetic field and the third part of main solenoid magnetic field are respectively arranged at two ends of the second part of main solenoid magnetic field in a surrounding way and mainly used for adjusting the position of magnetic lines at two ends of the magnetic field; the second part of the main solenoid magnetic field mainly functions to provide main magnetic line distribution.
The secondary solenoid magnetic field 110 is wound inside the primary solenoid magnetic field 109 and has a length L m3 And an outer radius of R m3 Inner radius of R m2 The minimum radius of the entire secondary solenoid magnetic field 110 should not be less than R m2 Satisfy R m1 >R 4 ；
The anode outer cylinder 102, the stop neck 103, the resonant reflection cavity 104, the slow wave structure 105, the output waveguide 106 and the inner conductor 107 are all made of stainless steel, the cathode 101 is made of graphite, and the main solenoid magnetic field 109 and the secondary solenoid magnetic field 110 are formed by winding copper wires.
The embodiment changes the electron beam track by controlling the on-off of the current passing through the magnetic field of the secondary solenoid, thereby realizing the energy output centerA C-band having a frequency of 4.30GHz and an S-band microwave having a center frequency of 2.94GHz (corresponding dimensions: R 1 ＝42mm，R 2 ＝80mm，R 3 ＝50mm，R 4 ＝61mm，R 5 ＝54mm，R 6 ＝20mm，R 7 ＝12mm，R m1 ＝140mm，R m2 ＝65mm，R m3 ＝87mm，R m4 ＝122mm；L 1 ＝21mm，L 2 ＝44mm，L 3 ＝31mm，L 4 ＝6mm，L 5 ＝6mm，L 6 ＝82mm，L 7 ＝9mm，L 8 ＝9mm，L 9 ＝70mm，L 10 ＝9mm，L m1 ＝45mm，L m2 ＝430mm，L m3 =312 mm). In the particle simulation, under the conditions of diode voltage 676kV, current 12.9kA and guiding magnetic field 1.6T, when the C-band mode 1 is adopted (the secondary solenoid is not electrified), the central frequency of output microwaves is 4.30GHz, and the power is 0.93GW; when the S-band mode 2 is adopted (the secondary solenoid is electrified), the center frequency of output microwaves is 2.94Ghz, and the power is 0.61GW. From the above results, the present invention can control the output microwave frequency by controlling the magnetic field position and thus the electron beam trajectory.
Referring to fig. 3, it can be seen that when the secondary solenoid is not energized, the electron beam trajectory sweeps over the outer slow wave structure and impinges on the outer conductor (above fig. 3), and when the secondary solenoid is energized, the electron beam trajectory sweeps over the inner slow wave structure on the inner conductor and impinges on the inner conductor (below fig. 3).
Referring to fig. 4, the output power is 0.93GW with C-band mode 1 (secondary solenoid not energized); with S-band mode 2 (secondary solenoid energized) the output microwave power is 0.61GW. From the above results, the present invention can control the output microwave frequency by controlling the magnetic field position and thus the electron beam trajectory.
Of course, in the preferred embodiment, other connection manners may be adopted among the stop neck 103, the resonant reflective cavity 104, the slow wave structure 105, the output waveguide 106, the inner conductor 107, and the support rod 108, and the device structure may also be processed by using other materials, which are only preferred embodiments of the present invention.
The present invention and the technical contents not specifically described in the above embodiments are the same as the prior art.
The above are only specific embodiments disclosed in the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the scope of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A cerenkov oscillator for varying the output frequency of microwaves, comprising: the Cerenkov oscillator for changing the microwave output frequency comprises an oscillator cavity and a solenoid magnetic field arranged on the outer side of the oscillator cavity in a surrounding mode, wherein the solenoid magnetic field comprises a main solenoid magnetic field and a secondary solenoid magnetic field, the secondary solenoid magnetic field is located between the main solenoid magnetic field and the outer side of the oscillator cavity, and the oscillator cavity comprises an anode outer cylinder, a stop neck, a resonant reflection cavity, a slow wave structure and an output waveguide which are sequentially arranged; the anode outer cylinder is internally provided with a cathode, an inner conductor is axially arranged in the cavity of the oscillator, and the inner conductor is connected with the output waveguide through a support rod.
2. A cerenkov oscillator for varying the frequency of a microwave output according to claim 1, wherein: the inner conductor is positioned at a distance L from the cathode 6 Where the radius of one end of the slow wave structure is R 6 The internally-carved slow wave structure is a groove group structure, the total number of the groove bodies is 4, and the radius of each groove body is R 7 Length of L 8 The distance between the groove bodies is L 7 The other end of the inner conductor is connected with the output waveguide through a support rod, the support rod is 6 equiangular blades taking the axis of the cylindrical cavity as an axis and is used for connecting and fixing each equiangular blade of the inner conductor at an angle of 10 degrees, and the support rod is positioned L-shaped away from the slow wave structure 9 Where the axial length is L 10 。
3. Cerenkov oscillator for changing the output frequency of microwaves as claimed in claim 2, wherein the Cerenkov oscillator is configured to change the output frequency of microwaves as a function of the output frequency of the microwaves: the main solenoid magnetic field is divided into three parts, the first part of the main solenoid magnetic field is L in length m1 And an outer radius of R m1 Inner radius of R m4 The second part of the main solenoidal field is of length L m2 And an outer radius of R m4 Inner radius of R m3 The third part of the main solenoid magnetic field is L in length m1 Outer radius of R m1 Inner radius of R m4 The first portion of the main solenoid magnetic field and the third portion of the main solenoid magnetic field are respectively disposed around both ends of the second portion of the main solenoid magnetic field.
4. A cerenkov oscillator for varying the frequency of a microwave output according to claim 3, wherein: the secondary solenoid magnetic field is wound inside the main solenoid magnetic field and has a length L m3 And an outer radius of R m3 Inner radius of R m2 The minimum radius of the whole secondary solenoid magnetic field should not be less than R m2 Satisfy R m1 >R 4 。
5. The cerenkov oscillator for varying the frequency of a microwave output according to claim 4, wherein: the cathode is a thin-walled cylinder with a wall thickness of 2mm and an inner radius R 1 Equal to the radius of the electron beam, the anode outer cylinder has an inner radius of R 2 The metal housing of (1).
6. The cerenkov oscillator for varying the frequency of a microwave output according to claim 5, wherein: the stop neck is disc-shaped, and the inner radius is R 3 ，R 3 ＞R 1 Length of L 2 Length L between the cutoff neck and the cathode 1 Distance between cathode and anode, L 1 Greater than 2cm.
7. The cerenkov oscillator for varying the frequency of a microwave output according to claim 6, wherein: the resonant reflecting cavity is disc-shaped and has an inner radius R 3 And an outer radius R 4 Satisfy R 4 ＞R 3 Length L of 3 The value is 0.4-0.5 times of the working wavelength lambda.
8. The cerenkov oscillator for varying the frequency of a microwave output according to claim 7, wherein: a distance L from the resonant reflection cavity 4 Is in slow wave structure, L 4 The value is 0.2-0.3 times of the working wavelength lambda, the slow wave structure consists of 6 rectangular slow wave blades with the same parameters, and the length of each two trapezoidal slow wave blades is L 5 All inner radii are R 3 The length of each slow wave blade is L 5 Radius is R 5 。
9. A cerenkov oscillator for varying the frequency of a microwave output according to claim 8, wherein: the rear-connected radius of the slow wave structure is the inner radius R of the slow wave structure 3 The output waveguide of (2).
10. A cerenkov oscillator for varying the frequency of a microwave output according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the anode outer cylinder, the cutoff neck, the resonant reflection cavity, the slow wave structure, the output waveguide and the inner conductor are all made of stainless steel, the cathode is made of graphite, and the main solenoid magnetic field and the secondary solenoid magnetic field are formed by winding copper wires.
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| CN202211529625.8A CN115912018A (en) | 2022-12-03 | 2022-12-03 | Cerenkov oscillator for changing microwave output frequency |
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| CN202211529625.8A CN115912018A (en) | 2022-12-03 | 2022-12-03 | Cerenkov oscillator for changing microwave output frequency |
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