CN115927930A - High-strength aluminum alloy section processing technology - Google Patents
High-strength aluminum alloy section processing technology Download PDFInfo
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing technology of a high-strength aluminum alloy section, which aims to solve the technical problems of lower aluminum alloy hardness and relatively poorer production quality of the aluminum alloy section in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: s1, the ratio of the content of alloy elements is as follows: the rest is 0.22 to 0.61 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.14 percent of Cu, 0.45 to 0.8 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, 0.05 to 0.10 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.05 to 0.13 percent of Ti, 0.12 to 0.3 percent of Cr, 0.10 to 0.35 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.07 percent of single impurity and less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total impurity; s2, smelting: and (2) dissolving the aluminum alloy raw material prepared in the step (S1), adding the aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace for melting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 740-760 ℃, adding AITiB and rare earth when the heating temperature reaches 720 ℃, effectively removing impurity slag and gas in the melt by means of degassing, deslagging and refining, and then refining grains. Compared with the existing high-strength aluminum alloy section processing technology, the invention improves the production quality and hardness of the existing aluminum alloy section through design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy section processing, and particularly relates to a high-strength aluminum alloy section processing technology.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid advancement of modern and industrialized processes of our country, aluminum profiles are used as important application materials in the fields of buildings and machinery industry, the yield and consumption of the whole industry are rapidly increased, and China also becomes the world's largest aluminum profile production base and consumption market. With the improvement of national industrial policies, industrial structure adjustment and the requirement of consumers on the product quality, the current situations of extensive type and low additional value in the aluminum processing industry gradually change, and a new stage for improving the internal quality of aluminum profiles is started to enter;
by way of retrieval, application No.: 201810102792.1, and discloses an aluminum alloy profile processing technology which at least comprises the steps of respectively heating an aluminum alloy ingot, an extrusion die and an extrusion cylinder to enable the temperatures of the aluminum alloy ingot, the extrusion die and the extrusion cylinder to be 480-500 ℃, 435-445 ℃ and 410-420 ℃ respectively; placing the heated aluminum alloy cast ingot into a heated extrusion cylinder for extrusion treatment, so that the heated aluminum alloy cast ingot is extruded from a die hole of a heated extrusion die to obtain a first extrusion section; and sequentially carrying out on-line quenching treatment, saw cutting treatment and tension straightening treatment on the first extruded section, and finally carrying out artificial aging treatment at the aging condition of 195-205 ℃ for 5-8 hours to obtain the aluminum alloy section. The aluminum alloy section obtained by the process has small grain size, the microscopic gap amount of the section is reduced, the size of the microscopic gap is reduced, the electric conductivity reaches 56 percent or more, and the comprehensive mechanical property is good;
with respect to the related art among the above, the inventors consider that the following drawbacks exist: in the application, the electric conductivity of the aluminum alloy section reaches 56% or more by reducing the grain size of the aluminum alloy section, the microscopic gap amount of the section and the size of the microscopic gap, but the aluminum alloy in the application has low hardness, and the production quality of the aluminum alloy section is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-strength aluminum alloy section processing technology, which aims to solve the technical problems of low aluminum alloy hardness and relatively poor aluminum alloy section production quality in the prior art.
(2) Technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a processing technology of a high-strength aluminum alloy section, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the ratio of the content of alloy elements is as follows: the rest is 0.22 to 0.61 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.14 percent of Cu, 0.45 to 0.8 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, 0.05 to 0.10 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.05 to 0.13 percent of Ti, 0.12 to 0.3 percent of Cr, 0.10 to 0.35 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.07 percent of single impurity and less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total impurity;
s2, smelting: dissolving the aluminum alloy raw material prepared in the step S1, adding the aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace for melting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 740-760 ℃, adding AITiB and rare earth when the heating temperature reaches 720 ℃, effectively removing impurity slag and gas in a melt by means of degassing, deslagging and refining, and then refining grains;
s3, casting: fully preheating a casting system, preventing hydrogen absorption caused by reaction of moisture and filtrate, avoiding mesh blockage of multilayer glass fiber cloth caused by scum, removing scum on the surface of molten aluminum, filtering the molten aluminum by the multilayer glass fiber cloth, removing non-metal slag inclusion in the molten aluminum, injecting the filtered solution into the casting system, controlling the casting temperature to be 720-750 ℃, and then casting round casting rods with various specifications;
s4, homogenizing: the aluminum bar is subjected to heat preservation at 540 ℃, casting stress and chemical component unbalance in crystal grains are eliminated through heat treatment, the homogenization temperature is controlled to be 530-550 ℃, the temperature is high, the heat preservation time can be shortened, energy sources are saved, and the productivity of the furnace is improved;
s5, extruding: extruding the heated round cast rod from a die by using an extruder, controlling the extrusion temperature at 500-640 ℃, and carrying out an air-cooled quenching process and a manual failure process during extrusion so as to achieve heat treatment strengthening;
s6, oxidation: the extruded aluminum alloy section is subjected to surface treatment through anodic oxidation, so that the corrosion resistance, the wear resistance and the appearance attractiveness of the aluminum section are improved.
When the high-strength aluminum alloy section bar of the technical scheme is produced, firstly, the proper proportion is carried out on the content of alloy elements, after the preparation of the components is finished, the prepared aluminum alloy raw material is dissolved and added into a smelting furnace for melting, the smelting temperature is controlled to be 740-760 ℃, AITiB and rare earth are added when the heating temperature reaches 720 ℃, the impurity slag and gas in the melt are effectively removed through degassing and deslagging refining means, and then grain refinement is carried out; secondly, fully preheating a casting system, preventing hydrogen absorption caused by the reaction of water and filtrate, avoiding mesh blockage of multiple layers of glass fiber cloth caused by scum, removing scum on the surface of aluminum liquid, filtering the aluminum liquid by the multiple layers of glass fiber cloth, removing non-metal slag inclusion in the aluminum liquid, injecting the filtered solution into the casting system, controlling the casting temperature to be 720-750 ℃, and then casting round cast rods with various specifications; then, the aluminum bar is subjected to heat preservation at 540 ℃, casting stress and chemical component unbalance in crystal grains are eliminated through heat treatment, the homogenization temperature is controlled to be 530-550 ℃, the temperature is high, the heat preservation time can be shortened, energy sources are saved, and the productivity of the furnace is improved; extruding the heated round cast rod from the die by using an extruder, controlling the extrusion temperature at 500-640 ℃, and carrying out an air-cooled quenching process and a manual failure process during extrusion so as to achieve heat treatment strengthening; finally, the surface treatment is carried out on the extruded aluminum alloy section through anodic oxidation, the corrosion resistance, the wear resistance and the appearance attractiveness of the aluminum are improved, the whole processing flow is simple and convenient, and compared with the existing high-strength aluminum alloy section processing technology, the processing technology improves the production quality of the existing high-strength aluminum alloy section through design.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy profile is specifically 6063 aluminum alloy.
Furthermore, in the S2, the AITiB is added to strongly refine the crystal grains, so that the precipitation of aluminum alloy is promoted, and the average strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved to 7%.
Furthermore, in S2, the solubility of hydrogen in the molten aluminum is increased sharply above 760 ℃, hydrogen absorption, oxidation and nitrogen damage are increased when the solubility is too high, and slag inclusion is increased when the solubility is too low, so that the smelting temperature is controlled to be 740-760 ℃, and various casting defects of slag inclusion, pores, coarse grains and feather grains are avoided in the cast rod.
Furthermore, in the step S2, the defects of air holes, large and thick grains, bright crystals, feather crystals and crack casting can be avoided by refining the grains, and the grain boundary area and the element uniformity are increased by refining the grains.
Furthermore, in the step S3, when the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid which is not subjected to grain refinement is too low, slag inclusion and pinhole defects are easily generated; when the casting temperature is too high, the defects of coarse grains and feather grains are easily generated.
Furthermore, in the S3, the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment can be properly increased and controlled to be 720-740 ℃.
Furthermore, in S3, the aluminum liquid becomes sticky after grain refinement treatment, and is easy to solidify and crystallize; in addition, the aluminum bar does not have a liquid-solid two-phase transition zone at the crystallization front, a higher casting temperature has a narrower transition zone, the narrow transition zone is beneficial to the escape of gas discharged at the crystallization front, the temperature cannot be too high, and the effective time of a grain refiner is shortened when the casting temperature is higher than 780 ℃, so that grains become relatively larger.
Further, in S6, the surface treatment: mirror surface, matt and matte treatment are carried out on the surface of the profile through a manipulator; anodic oxidation: carrying out process treatment on the profile subjected to surface pretreatment, and carrying out anodic oxidation on the surface of a substrate to generate a compact, porous and adsorptive AI203 film layer; the pores of the porous oxide film generated after anodic oxidation are sealed after hole sealing, so that the oxide film is pollution-proof, corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant, is colorless and transparent, and can show a plurality of colors except the natural color (silver white) by adsorbing and depositing metal salts in the pores of the film by utilizing the strong adsorbability of the oxide film before hole sealing.
(3) Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention selects reasonable components through the section bar; secondly, strictly controlling the smelting temperature and the casting temperature, carrying out technological measures such as grain refinement treatment, refining of alloy liquid, filtering and the like, carefully operating and avoiding the rupture and the rolling of an oxide film; and finally, homogenizing the aluminum bar to generate a high-quality high-strength aluminum alloy profile, improving the strength of the conventional aluminum alloy profile and providing a reliable material basis for producing the high-quality profile.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of rare earth added and impurities according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The specific embodiment is a processing technology of a high-strength aluminum alloy section, a schematic structural diagram of which is shown in figure 1, and the processing technology comprises the following steps:
s1, the ratio of the content of alloy elements is as follows: the rest is 0.22 to 0.61 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.14 percent of Cu, 0.45 to 0.8 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, 0.05 to 0.10 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.05 to 0.13 percent of Ti, 0.12 to 0.3 percent of Cr, 0.10 to 0.35 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.07 percent of single impurity and less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total impurity;
s2, smelting: dissolving the aluminum alloy raw material prepared in the step S1, adding the aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace for melting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 740-760 ℃, adding AITiB and rare earth when the heating temperature reaches 720 ℃, effectively removing impurity slag and gas in a melt by means of degassing, deslagging and refining, and then refining grains;
s3, casting: fully preheating a casting system, preventing hydrogen absorption caused by the reaction of water and filtrate, avoiding mesh blockage of multilayer glass fiber cloth caused by scum, removing scum on the surface of aluminum liquid, filtering the aluminum liquid by the multilayer glass fiber cloth, removing non-metal slag inclusion in the aluminum liquid, injecting the filtered solution into the casting system, controlling the casting temperature to be 720-750 ℃, and then casting round cast rods with various specifications;
s4, homogenizing: the aluminum bar is subjected to heat preservation at 540 ℃, casting stress and chemical component unbalance in crystal grains are eliminated through heat treatment, the homogenization temperature is controlled to be 530-550 ℃, the temperature is high, the heat preservation time can be shortened, energy sources are saved, and the productivity of the furnace is improved;
s5, extruding: extruding the heated round cast rod from the die by an extruder, controlling the extrusion temperature at 500-640 ℃, and carrying out an air-cooled quenching process and a manual failure process during extrusion so as to achieve heat treatment strengthening;
s6, oxidation: the extruded aluminum alloy section is subjected to surface treatment through anodic oxidation, so that the corrosion resistance, the wear resistance and the appearance attractiveness of the aluminum section are improved.
The aluminum alloy profile is specifically 6063 aluminum alloy, and in S2, grains are strongly refined by adding AITiB, so that the precipitation of aluminum alloy channels is promoted, and the average strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved to 7%; the improvement of the strength of the alloy is related to the strong refining effect of AITiB on crystal grains, because the fine crystal structure can promote the precipitation process of the alloy to be beneficial to improving the strength of the alloy, the alloy is added into 6063 aluminum alloy of the AITiB and has main phases of Si, mgSi, AIgTi and TiB, wherein the AIgTi and TiB are dispersed particles which can be used as crystal cores in the recovery and recrystallization processes and have earlier crystallization than aluminum solid solution crystal grains, and because the size is fine and the dispersion distribution is realized, the strength of the alloy is improved (as shown in the following table);
the addition of rare earth improves the structure performance of 6063 aluminum alloy to different degrees, effectively controls the precipitation of granular matters, can interact with defects in crystals, and enhances the alloying degree, generally speaking, the inclusion of the aluminum alloy is mainly nonmetallic impurities such as Al2O and the like, the existence of the impurities not only reduces the processing performance and mechanical performance of the alloy, but also deteriorates the casting structure, and the addition of the rare earth can obviously reduce the quantity and size of the nonmetallic impurities (please refer to figure 2).
The impurity removal mechanism of rare earth is shown as two points:
one is as follows: the rare earth has high specific gravity, and impurities are easy to remove;
the second step is as follows: after rare earth is added into an aluminum alloy melt, aluminum liquid is stable, and secondary oxidation amount is little;
referring to FIG. 2, the rare earth has an optimum range for improving the as-cast structure, and the optimum addition amount is 0.2% to 0.24% for 6063 aluminum alloy.
When the silicon is excessive by 0.06 percent, the tensile strength of the alloy is greatly improved due to the addition of the rare earth; when the silicon is excessive by 0.2%, the addition of the rare earth reduces the tensile strength of the alloy, and further analysis shows that the reason for reducing the strength of the alloy is the effect of the rare earth and the excessive silicon, and the strengthening (or structure improving) effect of the rare earth is reduced because the rare earth reacts with the silicon at high temperature to generate an intermediate product AIRESi and neutralize the effective concentration of strengthening elements (as shown in the table);
in S2, the defects of air holes, coarse grains, bright crystals, feather crystals and crack casting can be avoided by refining the grains, and the grain boundary area and the element uniformity are increased by refining the grains; in S3, when the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid without grain refinement is too low, slag inclusion and pinhole defects are easy to generate; when the casting temperature is too high, the defects of coarse grains and feather grains are easily generated; in S3, the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment can be properly increased and controlled to be 720-740 ℃; in S3, the aluminum liquid crystal grains become sticky after being refined and are easy to solidify and crystallize; in addition, the aluminum bar does not have a liquid-solid two-phase transition zone at the crystallization front, a higher casting temperature has a narrower transition zone, the narrow transition zone is beneficial to the escape of gas discharged at the crystallization front, and the casting temperature is not too high, so that the effective time of a grain refiner is shortened and the grains become relatively larger when the casting temperature is higher than 780 ℃.
Further, in S6, surface treatment: mirror surface, matt and matte treatment are carried out on the surface of the profile through a manipulator;
anodic oxidation: carrying out technological treatment on the profile subjected to surface pretreatment, and carrying out anodic oxidation on the surface of a substrate to generate a compact, porous and adsorptive AI203 film layer; and sealing holes, namely sealing the pores of the porous oxide film generated after anodic oxidation to ensure that the oxide film has pollution prevention, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and is colorless and transparent, wherein metal salts are adsorbed and deposited in the pores of the film by utilizing the strong adsorbability of the oxide film before sealing the holes to ensure that the appearance of the profile can show a plurality of colors except the natural color (silver white).
The working principle is as follows: when the high-strength aluminum alloy section is produced, firstly, the proper proportion is carried out on the content of alloy elements, after the preparation of the components is completed, the prepared aluminum alloy raw material is dissolved and added into a smelting furnace for melting, the smelting temperature is controlled to be 740-760 ℃, AITiB and rare earth are added when the heating temperature reaches 720 ℃, the mixed slag and gas in the melt are effectively removed through degassing, deslagging and refining, and then, the grain refinement is carried out; secondly, fully preheating a casting system, preventing hydrogen absorption caused by reaction of water and filtrate, avoiding mesh blockage of multilayer glass fiber cloth caused by scum, removing scum on the surface of aluminum liquid, filtering the aluminum liquid by the multilayer glass fiber cloth, removing non-metal slag inclusion in the aluminum liquid, injecting the filtered solution into the casting system, controlling the casting temperature to be 720-750 ℃, and then casting round casting rods with various specifications; then, the aluminum bar is subjected to heat preservation at 540 ℃, casting stress and chemical component unbalance in crystal grains are eliminated through heat treatment, the homogenization temperature is controlled to be 530-550 ℃, the temperature is high, the heat preservation time can be shortened, energy sources are saved, and the productivity of the furnace is improved; extruding the heated round cast rod from the die by using an extruder, controlling the extrusion temperature at 500-640 ℃, and carrying out an air-cooled quenching process and a manual failure process during extrusion so as to achieve heat treatment strengthening; finally, the surface treatment is carried out on the extruded aluminum alloy section through anodic oxidation, the corrosion resistance, the wear resistance and the appearance attractiveness of the aluminum are improved, the whole processing flow is simple and convenient, and compared with the existing high-strength aluminum alloy section processing technology, the processing technology improves the production quality and the hardness of the existing aluminum alloy section through design.
The above embodiments are preferred implementations of the present invention, and the present invention can be implemented in other ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The processing technology of the high-strength aluminum alloy section is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, the ratio of the content of alloy elements is as follows: the rest is 0.22 to 0.61 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.14 percent of Cu, 0.45 to 0.8 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Zn, 0.05 to 0.10 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.05 to 0.13 percent of Ti, 0.12 to 0.3 percent of Cr, 0.10 to 0.35 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.07 percent of single impurity and less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total impurity;
s2, smelting: dissolving the aluminum alloy raw material prepared in the step S1, adding the aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace for melting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 740-760 ℃, adding AITiB and rare earth when the heating temperature reaches 720 ℃, effectively removing impurity slag and gas in a melt through degassing, deslagging and refining, and then refining grains;
s3, casting: fully preheating a casting system, preventing hydrogen absorption caused by the reaction of water and filtrate, avoiding mesh blockage of multilayer glass fiber cloth caused by scum, removing scum on the surface of aluminum liquid, filtering the aluminum liquid by the multilayer glass fiber cloth, removing non-metal slag inclusion in the aluminum liquid, injecting the filtered solution into the casting system, controlling the casting temperature to be 720-750 ℃, and then casting round cast rods with various specifications;
s4, homogenizing: the aluminum bar is subjected to heat preservation at 540 ℃, casting stress and unbalance of chemical components in crystal grains are eliminated through heat treatment, the homogenization temperature is controlled to be 530-550 ℃, the temperature is high, the heat preservation time can be shortened, the energy is saved, and the productivity of the furnace is improved;
s5, extruding: extruding the heated round cast rod from the die by an extruder, controlling the extrusion temperature at 500-640 ℃, and carrying out an air-cooled quenching process and a manual failure process during extrusion so as to achieve heat treatment strengthening;
s6, oxidation: the extruded aluminum alloy section is subjected to surface treatment through anodic oxidation, so that the corrosion resistance, the wear resistance and the appearance attractiveness of the aluminum section are improved.
2. A high strength aluminium alloy ex-trusions machining process according to claim 1, characterized in that the aluminium alloy ex-trusions is in particular 6063 aluminium alloy.
3. The processing technology of the high-strength aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the AITiB is added to strongly refine grains, so that the precipitation of aluminum alloy is promoted, and the average strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved to 7%.
4. The processing technology of a high-strength aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, the solubility of hydrogen in molten aluminum is increased sharply above 760 ℃, too high the hydrogen absorption, oxidation and nitrogen damage are increased, and too low the slag inclusion is increased, so that the smelting temperature is controlled to 740-760 ℃, and various casting defects of slag inclusion, pores, coarse grains, feather grains and the like are avoided in a cast rod.
5. The processing technology of claim 1, wherein in S2, pores, coarse grains, bright grains, feather grains, and crack casting defects can be avoided by grain refinement, and grain boundary area and element uniformity are increased by grain refinement.
6. The processing technology of the high-strength aluminum alloy section bar as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, when the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid which is not subjected to grain refinement treatment is too low, slag inclusion and pinhole defects are easily generated; when the casting temperature is too high, the defects of coarse grains and feather grains are easily generated.
7. The processing technology of the high-strength aluminum alloy section bar as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment can be properly increased and controlled to be 720-740 ℃.
8. The processing technology of the high-strength aluminum alloy section bar as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3, the aluminum liquid becomes sticky after grain refinement treatment and is easy to solidify and crystallize; in addition, the aluminum bar does not have a liquid-solid two-phase transition zone at the crystallization front, a higher casting temperature has a narrower transition zone, the narrow transition zone is beneficial to the escape of gas discharged at the crystallization front, the temperature cannot be too high, and the effective time of a grain refiner is shortened when the casting temperature is higher than 780 ℃, so that grains become relatively larger.
9. The processing technology of the high-strength aluminum alloy profile according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the surface treatment comprises the following steps: mirror surface, matt and matte treatment are carried out on the surface of the profile through a manipulator; anodic oxidation: carrying out process treatment on the profile subjected to surface pretreatment, and carrying out anodic oxidation on the surface of a substrate to generate a compact, porous and adsorptive AI203 film layer; and sealing holes, namely sealing the pores of the porous oxide film generated after anodic oxidation to ensure that the oxide film has pollution prevention, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and is colorless and transparent, wherein metal salts are adsorbed and deposited in the pores of the film by utilizing the strong adsorbability of the oxide film before sealing the holes to ensure that the appearance of the profile can show a plurality of colors except the natural color (silver white).
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