One kind containing 6063 aluminium alloy of yttrium and preparation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of alloy, in particular to a kind of containing 6063 aluminium alloy of yttrium and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
The main alloy element of 6063 aluminium alloys is magnesium and silicon, has splendid processing performance, excellent weldability, squeezes
Property and plating resistance, good corrosion resistance, toughness out, and be easily polished, film of painting, excellent numerous excellent of anodic oxidation effect
Point is typical extruded alloy.6063 aluminium alloy extrusions are with its good plasticity, moderate heating strength, good welding
After performance and anodized, many advantages, such as the magnificent color in surface and it is widely used in building doors and windows, waistcloth
The engineerings such as wall and industrial structure.
But current 6063 aluminium alloys on the market are in modern Sea View Room, skyscraper, ship structure and marine engineering
Develop and build in needs, it is difficult to meet the structure stiffness requirement of Wind-Pressure Resistance impact, receiving is built and is laminated and shearing force destruction
Etc. technical requirements, those skilled in the art be difficult to determine 6063 aluminium alloys optimal collocation and 6063 aluminium alloys further impr-vement,
The mechanical properties such as 6063 aluminium alloy tensile strength and elongation improve difficult under the conditions of guaranteeing extrusion process performance.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, in order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of 6063 aluminium alloy containing yttrium, the present invention is provided
The tensile strength of 6063 aluminium alloy containing yttrium reach 230MPa, elongation reaches 25%, is able to satisfy modern industry development to 6063
The demand of aluminium alloy extruded processing performance and stiffness performance.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a kind of 6063 aluminium alloys containing yttrium, in terms of mass percentage, including following component: Si 0.45
~0.54%, Mg 0.52~0.56%, Fe≤0.35%, Cu≤0.05%, Mn≤0.07%, Zn≤0.05%, Ti
0.0075~0.01%, the Al of Y 0.1~0.2%, B 0.0015~0.002% and surplus.
Preferably, in terms of mass percentage, including following component: Si 0.5%, Mg 0.56%, Fe 0.144%, Cu
The Al of 0.036%, Mn 0.008%, Zn 0.024%, Ti 0.01%, Y 0.1%, B 0.0017% and surplus.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of 6063 aluminium alloy containing yttrium described in above-mentioned technical proposal, include the following steps:
Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy and Al-Y intermediate alloy are added into primary molten aluminium alloy, carries out metamorphic reaction, obtains
Modified alloy feed liquid;Then it successively cast, homogenized and is heat-treated, obtain 6063 aluminium alloy containing yttrium;
The temperature of the metamorphic reaction is 720~740 DEG C, and the time is 5~10min.
Preferably, the preparation method of the primary molten aluminium alloy includes: that will melt containing the raw alloy of aluminium, magnesium and silicon,
Refining treatment is carried out, primary molten aluminium alloy is obtained;The temperature of the fusing is 740~780 DEG C.
Preferably, the refining is carbon trichloride with refining agent;The dosage of the refining agent is primary molten aluminium alloy matter
The 0.5~1% of amount;The temperature of the refining is 700~730 DEG C, and the time is 5~10min.
It preferably, further include stewing process after the refining;The temperature of the stewing process is 700~730 DEG C, and the time is
5~10min.
Preferably, in terms of mass content, the Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy includes the component of following mass percentage: Ti
The Al of 5%, B 1% and surplus;The dosage of the Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy is the 0.2% of primary molten aluminium alloy quality;
The Al-Y intermediate alloy includes the component of following mass percentage: the Al of Y 20% and surplus;The Al-Y
The dosage of intermediate alloy is 0.2~3% of 6063 aluminium alloy quality containing yttrium.
Preferably, the temperature of the homogenize process is 565~575 DEG C, and the time is 3.5~4.5h.
Preferably, the temperature of the homogenize process is reached by heating, and the rate of the heating is 10~20 DEG C/min.
Preferably, the heat treatment includes the first stage heat treatment and second stage heat treatment successively carried out;Described
The temperature of one phase heat treatment is 520~530 DEG C, and the time is 11~12h;The temperature of second stage heat treatment is 200~
210 DEG C, time 2h.
6063 aluminium alloy provided by the invention containing yttrium, in terms of mass content, including following chemical component: Si 0.45~
0.54%, Mg 0.52~0.56%, Fe≤0.35%, Cu≤0.05%, Mn≤0.07%, Zn≤0.05%, Ti 0.0075
The Al of~0.01%, Y 0.1~0.2%, B 0.0015~0.002% and surplus.Present invention determine that specific lesser Mg,
The element content ranges such as Si improve the extrusion process performance and the performances such as tensile strength and elongation of aluminium alloy;In addition, this
Invention compounds to form TiB by boron element and titanium elements2, TiAl is formed by titanium elements and aluminium element3, while by yttrium,
Titanium elements and aluminium element compound to form titanium yttrium compound, are realized by the common precipitation of boride and intermetallic compound and contain yttrium
The raising of 6063 intensity of aluminum alloy, the B contained in aluminium alloy containing yttrium is with TiB2Form participate in during alloy modification, TiB2
Play the role of refining crystal grain and cleaning molten as heterogeneous nucleation mass point and Y element coordinated, enhances aluminum alloy organization
Toughness significantly increases other non-aluminium elements to the strengthening effect of the performances such as aluminium alloy tensile strength and elongation.Embodiment result
Show it is provided by the invention containing 6063 aluminium alloy of yttrium at room temperature, tensile strength reaches 230MPa, and elongation reaches
25%, tensile strength and elongation are high, and extrusion process performance is good.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of 6063 aluminium alloys containing yttrium, in terms of mass percentage, including following component: Si 0.45
~0.54%, Mg 0.52~0.56%, Fe≤0.35%, Cu≤0.05%, Mn≤0.07%, Zn≤0.05%, Ti
The Al of 0.0075~0.01%, Y 0.1~0.2%, B 0.0015~0.002% and surplus.
In terms of mass percentage, 6063 aluminium alloy of the present invention containing yttrium includes Si 0.45~0.54%, preferably
0.46~0.53%, more preferably 0.47~0.52%, it is further preferably 0.48~0.51%, most preferably 0.5%.
In terms of mass percentage, 6063 aluminium alloy of the present invention containing yttrium includes Mg 0.52~0.56%, preferably
0.53~0.56%, more preferably 0.54~0.56%, it is further preferably 0.55~0.56%, most preferably 0.56%.
In terms of mass percentage, 6063 aluminium alloy of the present invention containing yttrium includes Fe≤0.35%, preferably 0.001~
0.3%, more preferably 0.05~0.25%, it is further preferably 0.1~0.2%, most preferably 0.144%.
In terms of mass percentage, 6063 aluminium alloy of the present invention containing yttrium includes Cu≤0.05%, preferably 0.001~
0.045%, more preferably 0.01~0.045%, it is further preferably 0.02~0.04%, most preferably 0.036%.
In terms of mass percentage, 6063 aluminium alloy of the present invention containing yttrium includes Mn≤0.07%, preferably 0.001~
0.06%, more preferably 0.001~0.05%, it is further preferably 0.001~0.04%, most preferably 0.008%.
In terms of mass percentage, 6063 aluminium alloy of the present invention containing yttrium includes Zn≤0.05%, preferably 0.001~
0.045%, more preferably 0.01~0.04%, it is further preferably 0.02~0.03%, most preferably 0.024%.In the present invention,
Described Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn are inevitable element in alloy, while these elements play the work of the reinforcing to alloy in the alloy
With.
In terms of mass percentage, 6063 aluminium alloy of the present invention containing yttrium includes B 0.0015~0.002%, preferably
0.0016~0.002%, more preferably 0.0016~0.0019%, it is further preferably 0.0016~0.0018%, most preferably
0.0017%.
In terms of mass percentage, 6063 aluminium alloy of the present invention containing yttrium includes Ti 0.0075~0.01%, preferably
0.008~0.01%, more preferably 0.0085~0.01%, it is further preferably 0.009~0.01%, most preferably 0.01%.This
Invention forms TiB using Ti and B2Type boride and Ti and Al form TiAl3Compound can provide heterogeneous nucleation mass point, tool
There is refinement crystal grain and precipitation enhancement is precipitated, the intensity and toughness of 6063 aluminium alloys can be improved simultaneously.
In terms of mass percentage, 6063 aluminium alloy of the present invention containing yttrium includes Y 0.1~0.2%, preferably 0.1~
0.18%, more preferably 0.1~0.15%, it is further preferably 0.1~0.13%, most preferably 0.1%.The present invention utilizes Ti, Al
With Y shape at titanium yttrium compound, while heterogeneous nucleation mass point can be provided, enable aluminum alloy in coarse Mg2Si phase and AlSiFe phase
It is changed into corynebacterium or graininess, there is crystal grain refinement and precipitation enhancement is precipitated, the strong of 6063 aluminium alloys can be improved simultaneously
Degree and toughness.
In terms of mass percentage, 6063 aluminium alloy of the present invention containing yttrium includes the Al of surplus.The present invention is to the Al
Concrete content there is no particular/special requirement, the sum of each component content can be made to reach 100%.In the present invention, Al can with Mg,
Alloy matrix aluminum is collectively formed in the elements such as Si, Ti and Y, is main matrix element, while can be formed with B, Ti and Y etc. compound
Alloy phase improves the intensity of 6063 aluminium alloy containing yttrium by precipitation strength.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of 6063 aluminium alloy containing yttrium described in above-mentioned technical proposal, include the following steps:
Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy and Al-Y intermediate alloy are added into primary molten aluminium alloy, carries out metamorphic reaction, obtains
Then modified alloy feed liquid is successively cast, homogenized and is heat-treated, 6063 aluminium alloy containing yttrium is obtained;
The temperature of the metamorphic reaction is 720~740 DEG C, and the time is 5~10min.
The present invention provides primary molten aluminium alloy;The primary molten aluminium alloy will preferably be closed containing the raw material of aluminium, magnesium and silicon
Gold fusing, obtains original molten aluminium alloy.In the present invention, the temperature of the fusing is preferably 740~780 DEG C, more preferably
740~770 DEG C, be further preferably 740~760 DEG C.
After obtaining original molten aluminium alloy, the present invention carries out refining treatment to the original molten aluminium alloy, obtains primary
Molten aluminium alloy.In the present invention, the refining is preferably carbon trichloride with refining agent.In the present invention, the refining agent
Dosage is preferably 0.5~1%, more preferably the 0.6~0.9% of primary molten aluminium alloy quality.In the present invention, the refining
Temperature be preferably 700~730 DEG C, more preferably 705~725 DEG C;The time of the refining is preferably 5~10min, more preferably
For 6~9min.The present invention does not have particular/special requirement to the specific embodiment of the refining, and use is well known to those skilled in the art
Alloy smelting during refining mode.In the present invention, the refining preferably carries out under conditions of standing.
Before the refining treatment, the present invention is preferably stirred and skims to the original molten aluminium alloy.The present invention couple
The stirring and the specific embodiment skimmed are not particularly limited, using mode well known to those skilled in the art.This
Invention is by stirring and skims, and is mixed into residue impurity in alloy when preventing from pouring into mold and causes alloy structure defect and reduce alloy
Physicochemical property.
After the refining treatment, the primary molten aluminium alloy is preferably carried out stewing process by the present invention.In the present invention,
The temperature of the stewing process is preferably 700~730 DEG C, and more preferably 705~725 DEG C;The time of the stewing process is preferred
For 5~10min, more preferably 6~10min.The present invention enables aluminum alloy to sufficiently melt under heat-retaining condition by stewing process,
Be conducive to provide material base for alloy modification.
After obtaining primary molten aluminium alloy, the present invention is added among the Al-Ti-B into the primary molten aluminium alloy
Alloy and Al-Y intermediate alloy, obtain alloy mixed liquor.In the present invention, among the Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy and Al-Y
The dosage of alloy is being weighed in 1 range with that can control Ti, B and Y.In the present invention, the Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy
Preferably include the component of following mass percentage: the Al of Ti 5%, B 1% and surplus.In the present invention, among Al-Ti-B
The dosage of alloy is preferably the 0.2% of primary molten aluminium alloy quality.In the present invention, the Al-Y intermediate alloy preferably includes
The component of following mass percentage: the Al of Y 20% and surplus.In the present invention, the dosage of the Al-Y intermediate alloy is preferred
It is the 0.2~3% of primary molten aluminium alloy quality, more preferably 0.3~2.8%.
After obtaining alloy mixed liquor, the alloy mixed liquor is carried out metamorphic reaction by the present invention, obtains modified alloy
Feed liquid.In the present invention, the temperature of the metamorphic reaction is 720~740 DEG C, preferably 722~738 DEG C;The metamorphic reaction
Time be 5~10min, preferably 6~10min.Metamorphic reaction of the present invention passes through boride and intermetallic compound
Common be precipitated reaches containing 6063 aluminium alloy high-strength of yttrium, and the B contained in aluminium alloy containing yttrium is with TiB2Form participate in alloy change
During matter, TiB2Play the role of refining crystal grain and cleaning molten, enhancing as heterogeneous nucleation mass point and Y element coordinated
Aluminum alloy organization's toughness significantly increases other non-aluminium elements and imitates to the reinforcing of the performances such as aluminium alloy tensile strength and elongation
Fruit.
After metamorphic reaction, it is also preferable to include be filtered processing to modified alloy feed liquid by the present invention.The present invention is to the mistake
The mode of filter is not particularly limited, using filter type well known to those skilled in the art.The present invention passes through filtering, removal
Oxide inclusion in modified alloy feed liquid reduces the impurity content of 6063 aluminium alloy containing yttrium, is conducive to close containing 6063 aluminium of yttrium
The promotion of golden comprehensive performance.
After obtaining modified alloy feed liquid, the modified alloy feed liquid is carried out casting processing by the present invention, obtains casting rod.This hair
It is bright that no particular/special requirement is handled to the casting, using well-known to those skilled in the art.
After obtaining casting rod, the casting rod is carried out homogenize process by the present invention, obtains primary 6063 aluminium alloy containing yttrium.At this
In invention, the temperature of the homogenize process is preferably 565~575 DEG C, and more preferably 567~573 DEG C;The homogenize process
Time be preferably 3.5~4.5h, more preferably 3.7~4.3h, further preferably 3.9~4.2h, most preferably 4h.At this
In invention, the temperature of the homogenize process preferably passes through heating and reaches, and the rate of the heating is preferably 10~20 DEG C/min,
More preferably 12~18 DEG C/min, further preferably 14~16 DEG C/min.
Primary is obtained containing after 6063 aluminium alloy of yttrium, primary 6063 aluminium alloy containing yttrium is heat-treated by the present invention, is obtained
To 6063 aluminium alloy containing yttrium.In the present invention, the heat treatment preferably includes the first stage successively carried out heat treatment and second
Phase heat treatment.In the present invention, the temperature of first stage heat treatment is preferably 520~530 DEG C, more preferably 522~
528℃;Time is preferably 11~12h, more preferably 11.2~11.8h, further preferably 11.4~11.6h.In the present invention
Described in second stage heat treatment temperature be preferably 200~210 DEG C, more preferably 202~208 DEG C;Time is preferably 2h.This
Invention preferably passes through water cooling and is transitioned into the second stage heat treatment by first stage heat treatment.In the present invention, described
It is also preferable to include air-cooled after second stage heat treatment.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, contain 6063 aluminium alloy of yttrium and its system to provided by the invention below with reference to embodiment
Preparation Method is described in detail, but they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In terms of 100% mass content, by commercial-purity aluminium, industrial magnesium ingot, alusil alloy is as original charging, by Si:
0.47%, Mg:0.55%, Fe:0.35%, Cu:0.05%, Mn:0.07%, Zn:0.05%, surplus be Al ingredient after be packed into furnace
In melted under the conditions of 740 DEG C, stir 5min, after skimming be added 0.5wt.% carbon trichloride, in 715 DEG C carry out 9min essence
Refining, then stands 5min under the conditions of 715 DEG C.
It is to add 0.2wt.% in terms of 100% by the quality of primary molten aluminium alloy when furnace temperature is down to 720 DEG C after standing
Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy and 1wt.% Al-20Y intermediate alloy, and keep the temperature 5min under the conditions of 730 DEG C, after filtering
Aluminium alloy is cast into aluminium bar, is warming up to 565~575 DEG C with the rate of 15 DEG C/min, and heat preservation 3.5 is small under the conditions of the temperature
When so that aluminium bar is homogenized, then in 520~525 DEG C keep the temperature 11 hours after water cooling, subsequently in 200~210 DEG C keep the temperature 2 hours after
It is air-cooled, obtain 6063 aluminium alloy containing yttrium.
Embodiment 2
In terms of 100% mass content, by commercial-purity aluminium, industrial magnesium ingot, alusil alloy is as original charging, by Si:
0.54%, Mg:0.55%, Fe:0.25%, Cu:0.04%, Mn:0.05%, Zn:0.03%, surplus be Al ingredient after be packed into furnace
In melted under the conditions of 750 DEG C, stir 5min, after skimming be added 0.5wt.% carbon trichloride, in 715 DEG C carry out 8min essence
Refining, then stands 5min under the conditions of 715 DEG C.
It is to add 0.2wt.%'s in terms of 100% by the quality of the aluminium alloy containing yttrium when furnace temperature is down to 720 DEG C after standing
The Al-20Y intermediate alloy of Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy and 0.7wt.%, and 8min is kept the temperature under the conditions of 730 DEG C, after filtering
Aluminium alloy is cast into aluminium bar, is warming up to 565~575 DEG C with the rate of 15 DEG C/min, and keep the temperature 4 hours under the conditions of the temperature
Aluminium bar is set to homogenize, water cooling after then keeping the temperature 11.5 hours in 520~525 DEG C, subsequently after 200~210 DEG C keep the temperature 2 hours
It is air-cooled, obtain 6063 aluminium alloy containing yttrium.
Embodiment 3
In terms of 100% mass content, by commercial-purity aluminium, industrial magnesium ingot, alusil alloy is as original charging, by Si:
0.5%, Mg:0.56%, Fe:0.144%, Cu:0.036%, Mn:0.008%, Zn:0.024%, surplus be Al ingredient after fill
Enter in furnace and melted under the conditions of 760 DEG C, stir 5min, 0.5wt.% carbon trichloride is added after skimming, carries out 8min's in 715 DEG C
Refining, then stands 5min under the conditions of 715 DEG C.
It is to add 0.2wt.%'s in terms of 100% by the quality of the aluminium alloy containing yttrium when furnace temperature is down to 720 DEG C after standing
The Al-20Y intermediate alloy of Al-5Ti-1B intermediate alloy and 0.5wt.%, and 10min is kept the temperature under the conditions of 730 DEG C, after filtering
Aluminium alloy is cast into aluminium bar, is warming up to 565~575 DEG C with the rate of 15 DEG C/min, and heat preservation 4.5 is small under the conditions of the temperature
When so that aluminium bar is homogenized, then in 520~525 DEG C keep the temperature 12 hours after water cooling, subsequently in 205~210 DEG C keep the temperature 2 hours after
It is air-cooled, obtain 6063 aluminium alloy containing yttrium.
Comparative example 1
In terms of 100% mass content, Si:0.5%, Mg:0.56%, Fe:0.144%, Cu:0.036%, Mn will be contained:
0.008%, Zn:0.024%, B 0.0017%, 6063 aluminium alloys that surplus is Al use alloy (according to embodiment as a comparison case
3 smelting technologies carry out melting).
According to the tensile strength of aluminum alloy specimen described in GB 5237.1-2008 standard testing Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1
And elongation characteristics, test result are shown in Table 1.
1 test result of 1 Examples 1 to 3 of table and comparative example
Test item |
Tensile strength/MPa |
Elongation/% |
Embodiment 1 |
200 |
18 |
Embodiment 2 |
230 |
23 |
Embodiment 3 |
210 |
25 |
Comparative example 1 |
145 |
18.4 |
From the data in table 1, it can be seen that for 6063 aluminium alloys provided compared with the existing technology, it is provided by the invention to contain yttrium 6063
Aluminium alloy tensile strength has better tensile strength and elongation, mechanics up to 18~25% up to 200~230MPa, elongation
Function admirable is conducive to the extrusion process performance for improving aluminium alloy.
As seen from the above embodiment, scheme provided by the invention can guarantee even to promote aluminium alloy extruded processing performance
Under conditions of obtain the higher aluminium alloy of tensile strength and elongation, and improve aluminum alloy corrosion resistant, meet modern
The requirements at the higher level that industry development proposes 6063 aluminium alloy capabilities;Preparation method provided by the invention is simple, easily-controllable, is suitble to big rule
Mould is promoted.
Although above-described embodiment is made that detailed description to the present invention, it is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention,
Rather than whole embodiments, people can also obtain other embodiments under the premise of without creativeness according to the present embodiment, these
Embodiment belongs to the scope of the present invention.