CN112831697A - High-strength coarse-grain-free aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-strength coarse-grain-free aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112831697A CN112831697A CN202011638258.6A CN202011638258A CN112831697A CN 112831697 A CN112831697 A CN 112831697A CN 202011638258 A CN202011638258 A CN 202011638258A CN 112831697 A CN112831697 A CN 112831697A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
- E05D9/00—Flaps or sleeves specially designed for making from particular material, e.g. hoop-iron, sheet metal, plastics
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation, and particularly relates to a high-strength coarse-grain-free aluminum alloy, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: selecting an aluminum alloy material, smelting, carrying out heat preservation refining and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, extruding the aluminum alloy ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy profile, carrying out off-line quenching on the aluminum alloy profile, carrying out stretching straightening and dimension measurement on a product subjected to off-line quenching, carrying out artificial aging heat treatment on a product with a qualified dimension, sawing a finished product, and taking a sample for inspection. The aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method can be applied to the switch hinge base material for the coarse-grain-free vehicle. The casting process has reasonable design, the internal structure of the material is more compact, the quenching permeability and the material strength are ensured, the material has the maximum potential, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the obtained aluminum alloy are improved by 15 percent compared with those of the common alloy, the coarse crystal ring of the product is less than or equal to 1mm, and the coarse crystal ring is less than or equal to 3mm after the forging is finished.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation, and particularly relates to a high-strength coarse-grain-free aluminum alloy, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the technology of the world mechanical manufacturing industry, new technology, new materials, new processes and new products are in endless, the use of aluminum alloy on automobiles shows a trend of increasing year by year, and a plurality of types of automobiles which locally or wholly use aluminum materials, such as BMW, Audi and the like, exist. Under the natural condition of normal temperature, the surface of the aluminum alloy section can generate a layer of compact oxide film which can prevent the aluminum alloy matrix from further reacting with oxygen in the air, so that the corrosion resistance and the oxidation resistance of the aluminum type material subjected to surface treatment are greatly higher than those of steel materials. Traditional car load-bearing spare and connecting piece use steel and iron material basically, comply with the trend, and the aluminum alloy plays bigger and bigger effect in main load-bearing spare and connecting piece, can realize substituting steel with aluminium, ensures the security in the use, alleviates self weight simultaneously, improves bearing capacity.
The door hinge is an important part for linking the door and the vehicle body, and its main function is to secure and maintain the position of the door relative to the vehicle body. High-grade motorcycle type has very high requirement to the mechanical properties and the antifatigue ability of door hinge material in the existing market, to improving mechanical properties, usually through adding the alloy of gaining in strength to the aluminum alloy and realizing, but material fatigue resistance can be good needs the material to have good grain structure, can not have coarse grain or great coarse grain ring to appear, this often hardly does, the material does T6 processing before forging and after forging and can appear the coarse grain phenomenon of great area, and current this kind of aluminum alloy material physicochemical properties is not ideal enough on the market, its physicochemical index usually is: the tensile strength is more than or equal to 330MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 300MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 9 percent, the hardness is 95HBW, and the macrocrystalline ring is less than or equal to 5mm, so that the aluminum alloy material of the high-end automobile door hinge can not meet other requirements such as high mechanical property, excellent fatigue resistance and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of component segregation and poor performance of the existing aluminum alloy cast ingot, the invention provides the preparation method of the high-strength coarse-grain-free aluminum alloy, which effectively solves the problem of component segregation of large-size aluminum alloy cast ingot, improves the performance of the aluminum alloy and meets the performance requirement of the vehicle door hinge.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength coarse-grain-free aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an aluminum alloy material, smelting, maintaining the temperature, refining and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(2) extruding the aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
(3) performing off-line quenching on the aluminum alloy section;
(4) carrying out stretching straightening and size measurement on the product subjected to off-line quenching;
(5) and (4) carrying out artificial aging heat treatment on the product with qualified size, sawing the finished product, and taking a sample for inspection.
Further, in the step (1), during smelting, the materials are homogenized by adopting an electromagnetic stirring device, liquid is subjected to slag skimming, argon is introduced into the furnace bottom for protection and stirring, and aluminum liquid is prevented from being oxidized; electromagnetic stirring and furnace bottom degassing are adopted in the heat preservation refining process to control the purity of the aluminum liquid; during casting, an online degassing device is adopted for filtering, a 40-mesh superposed 60-mesh filtering plate is adopted for filtering, the purity of aluminum liquid is ensured, and the surface quality of a cast rod is ensured by adopting an oil-gas sliding casting disc as a casting disc.
Further, in the step (1), the elements in the aluminum alloy ingot and the mass percentages thereof are as follows: si: 1.10% -1.25%, Fe: 0.15% -0.30%, Cu: 0.05% -0.15%, Mn: 0.80% -0.95%, Mg: 0.90% -1.10%, Cr: 0.05-0.20%, Zn is less than or equal to 0.05%, Ti: 0.03% -0.10%, Zr: 0.02-0.05%, less than or equal to 0.03% of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.1% of total impurity, and the balance of Al. The high-Si and high-Mn component proportion is adopted, so that the extrusion fluidity of the aluminum alloy is increased, and the generation of coarse crystals is reduced.
Further, in the step (1), the specification of the aluminum alloy ingot is 36MN ingot with phi 308mm multiplied by 6000mm or 55MN ingot with phi 375mm multiplied by 6000 mm; before extrusion, the aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to head cutting, tail cutting, cutting to a fixed length and leather turning, the fixed length size is required and controlled, the cast rod inspection requires controlling the grain size to be first grade, loosening to be first grade, and the ingot is low-power and has no segregation, no crack, no oxide film and no impurity defect.
Furthermore, in the step (2), the extrusion ratio is less than or equal to 40, the deformation degree is more than 90%, the crystal grains of the product can be refined, and the mechanical property of the product can be improved; heating the cast ingot at 480 +/-5 ℃, extruding the container at 440 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature of the mould at 490 +/-5 ℃, preserving the heat for 8-10 hours and extruding at the speed of 2.5 +/-0.5 m/min; and (3) carrying out online water spraying cooling on the extruded aluminum alloy section, wherein the water feeding is 100 percent, and the water discharging is 100 percent, so that the aluminum alloy section is rapidly cooled and formed.
Furthermore, in the step (3), the extruded section is pre-stretched before off-line quenching, the stretching amount is 0.05-1.5%, and only straightening is needed to remove stress, so that no orange peel phenomenon is ensured in stretching, and the size of the product is ensured to have stretching allowance after off-line quenching; and sawing the extruded section, and cutting off the jaw part in the stretching process.
Further, in the step (3), a vertical quenching furnace is adopted for off-line quenching, and water is added within 0-20 seconds after heating, so that the best quenching effect is ensured; setting the temperature of the quenching furnace to be 545 +/-5 ℃, and carrying out off-line quenching by adopting staged temperature rise for early temperature rise to ensure uniform temperature of the material and keeping the temperature for 1.5-3.5 hours; the stretching ratio is less than or equal to 100mm before off-line quenching, and the stretching ratio is 100 and 200mm after stretching and straightening.
Further, in the step (4), the stretching and straightening are required to be straight, orange peel is not allowed to appear on the surface, the shape and position size of the product is controlled, and the internal stress of the material can be eliminated through the stretching and straightening; the stretching straightening and the size measurement need to be completed within 2-4 hours after the quenching is completed.
Further, in the step (5), artificial aging heat treatment is carried out within 8 hours or 30 hours after the stretching and straightening, the aging is carried out by keeping the temperature at 175 ℃ for 10 hours, a finished product aluminum alloy sample is sawn and tested after the heat treatment is finished, and the physical and chemical performance indexes of the aluminum alloy are as follows: the tensile strength is more than or equal to 380MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 360MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 12 percent, the hardness is more than or equal to 100HBW, and the coarse crystal ring is less than or equal to 1 mm.
The aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the high-strength coarse-grain-free aluminum alloy can be applied to a coarse-grain-free vehicular switch hinge base material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the preparation method of the high-strength coarse grain-free aluminum alloy provided by the invention has reasonable casting process design, introduces the casting processes of electromagnetic stirring, furnace bottom degassing and the like, adopts the extrusion process to enable the internal structure of the material to be more compact, adopts off-line quenching for heat treatment subsequently, ensures the quenching permeability and the material strength, adopts the peak artificial aging process to enable the material to exert the maximum potential, and the obtained aluminum alloy has better grain structure, no coarse grains and excellent fatigue resistance, the tensile strength and yield strength of the performance of the aluminum alloy are improved by 15% compared with those of the common alloy, the coarse grain ring of the product is less than or equal to 1mm, and the coarse grain ring is less than or equal to 3mm after forging and beating, thereby fully meeting other requirements of high mechanical performance, excellent fatigue resistance and the like of the aluminum alloy material of the vehicle door.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the high-strength coarse-grain-free aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps of:
(1) selecting an aluminum alloy material, smelting, maintaining the temperature, refining and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
during smelting, homogenizing the ingredients by adopting electromagnetic stirring equipment, slagging off the liquid, and introducing argon into the furnace bottom; electromagnetic stirring and furnace bottom degassing are adopted in the heat preservation refining process; during casting, an online degassing device is adopted for filtering, a 40-mesh superposed 60-mesh filtering plate is adopted for filtering, and an oil-gas sliding casting disc is adopted as a casting disc;
the aluminum alloy cast ingot comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: si: 1.16%, Fe: 0.19%, Cu: 0.06%, Mn: 0.8%, Mg: 0.93%, Cr: 0.11%, Zn is less than or equal to 0.002%, Ti: 0.03%, Zr: 0.02 percent, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of total impurity, and the balance of Al;
the specification of the aluminum alloy ingot is 36MN of ingot phi 308mm multiplied by 6000 mm; before extrusion, the aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to head cutting, tail cutting, cutting to a fixed length and leather turning, the fixed length size is required and controlled, the cast rod inspection requires controlling the grain size to be first grade, loosening to be first grade, and the ingot is low-power and has no segregation, no crack, no oxide film and no impurity defect.
(2) Extruding the aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy section, wherein the extrusion ratio is 26.6, and the deformation degree is more than 90%; heating the cast ingot at 480 +/-5 ℃, extruding the container at 440 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature of the mould at 490 +/-5 ℃ for 9 hours, and extruding at the speed of 2.5 +/-0.5 m/min; and (3) carrying out online water spraying cooling on the extruded aluminum alloy section, wherein the water feeding is 100 percent, and the water discharging is 100 percent, so that the aluminum alloy section is rapidly cooled and formed.
(3) Pre-stretching the extruded section before off-line quenching, wherein the stretching amount is 0.8%, straightening and stress removing are only needed, no orange peel phenomenon is ensured in stretching, and the stretching allowance after off-line quenching is ensured in the product size; sawing the extruded section, and cutting off the jaw part in the stretching process; then, a vertical quenching furnace is adopted for off-line quenching, water is added 15 seconds after heating, the temperature of the quenching furnace is set to be 545 +/-5 ℃, the early-stage heating adopts stage heating, the temperature is kept for 2.5 hours, and off-line quenching is carried out; the elongation before off-line quenching is 98mm, and the elongation after stretching and straightening is 110 mm.
(4) Carrying out stretching straightening and size measurement on the product subjected to off-line quenching; stretching and straightening are required to be straight, orange peel is not allowed to appear on the surface, and the shape, position and size of the product are controlled; the stretching straightening and the dimensional measurement were completed within 4 hours after the completion of quenching.
(5) And carrying out artificial aging heat treatment within 8 hours of stretching and straightening, wherein the aging adopts heat preservation at 175 ℃ for 10 hours, and the aluminum alloy is prepared after the heat treatment is finished.
The aluminum alloy obtained by the preparation method can be used as a base material of a coarse-grain-free automotive switch hinge.
Comparative example 1
The mass percent of Si in the aluminum alloy ingot of the comparative example is as follows: 0.3%, and the other preparation steps and parameters were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The mass percentage of Mn in the aluminum alloy ingot of the comparative example is as follows: 0.1%, and the other preparation steps and parameters were the same as in example 1.
Example 2
The preparation method of the high-strength coarse-grain-free aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps of:
(1) selecting an aluminum alloy material, smelting, maintaining the temperature, refining and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
during smelting, homogenizing the ingredients by adopting electromagnetic stirring equipment, slagging off the liquid, and introducing argon into the furnace bottom; electromagnetic stirring and furnace bottom degassing are adopted in the heat preservation refining process; during casting, an online degassing device is adopted for filtering, a 40-mesh superposed 60-mesh filtering plate is adopted for filtering, and an oil-gas sliding casting disc is adopted as a casting disc;
the aluminum alloy cast ingot comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: si: 1.23%, Fe: 0.21%, Cu: 0.07%, Mn: 0.85%, Mg: 0.97%, Cr: 0.13%, Zn is less than or equal to 0.03%, Ti: 0.04%, Zr: 0.03 percent, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of total impurity, and the balance of Al;
the specification of the aluminum alloy ingot is 55MN ingot phi 375mm multiplied by 6000 mm; before extrusion, the aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to head cutting, tail cutting, cutting to a fixed length and leather turning, the fixed length size is required and controlled, the cast rod inspection requires controlling the grain size to be first grade, loosening to be first grade, and the ingot is low-power and has no segregation, no crack, no oxide film and no impurity defect.
(2) Extruding the aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy section, wherein the extrusion ratio is 28.5, and the deformation degree is more than 90%; heating the cast ingot at 480 +/-5 ℃, extruding the container at 440 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature of the mould at 490 +/-5 ℃ for 10 hours, and extruding at the speed of 2.5 +/-0.5 m/min; and (3) carrying out online water spraying cooling on the extruded aluminum alloy section, wherein the water feeding is 100 percent, and the water discharging is 100 percent, so that the aluminum alloy section is rapidly cooled and formed.
(3) The extruded section is pre-stretched before off-line quenching, the stretching amount is 1.2%, only straightening and stress removal are needed, no orange peel phenomenon is ensured in stretching, and the stretching allowance after off-line quenching is ensured in the product size; sawing the extruded section, and cutting off the jaw part in the stretching process; then, off-line quenching is carried out by adopting a vertical quenching furnace, water is added 15 seconds after heating, the temperature of the quenching furnace is set to be 545 +/-5 ℃, the early-stage heating adopts stage heating, the temperature is kept for 3 hours, and off-line quenching is carried out; the elongation before off-line quenching is 95mm, and the elongation after stretching and straightening is 130 mm.
(4) Carrying out stretching straightening and size measurement on the product subjected to off-line quenching; stretching and straightening are required to be straight, orange peel is not allowed to appear on the surface, and the shape, position and size of the product are controlled; the stretching straightening and the dimensional measurement were completed within 3 hours after the completion of quenching.
(5) And carrying out artificial aging heat treatment after stretching and straightening for 30 hours, wherein the aging adopts heat preservation at 175 ℃ for 10 hours, and the aluminum alloy is prepared after the heat treatment is finished.
The aluminum alloy obtained by the preparation method can be used as a base material of a coarse-grain-free automotive switch hinge.
The physical and chemical properties of the aluminum alloy saw cutting samples prepared in the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-2 are tested according to the first part of the GB/T228.1-2010 metal material tensile test: the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1-results of physical and chemical Properties of aluminum alloys
Table 1 shows that the component proportion of high Si and high Mn can reduce the generation of coarse grains, and simultaneously improve the properties of the aluminum alloy such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, hardness and the like.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made on the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention/any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the high-strength coarse-grain-free aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) selecting an aluminum alloy material, smelting, maintaining the temperature, refining and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(2) extruding the aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
(3) performing off-line quenching on the aluminum alloy section;
(4) carrying out stretching straightening and size measurement on the product subjected to off-line quenching;
(5) and (4) carrying out artificial aging heat treatment on the product with qualified size, sawing the finished product, and taking a sample for inspection.
2. The method for preparing the high-strength coarse-grain-free aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the aluminum alloy ingot comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: si: 1.10% -1.25%, Fe: 0.15% -0.30%, Cu: 0.05% -0.15%, Mn: 0.80% -0.95%, Mg: 0.90% -1.10%, Cr: 0.05-0.20%, Zn is less than or equal to 0.05%, Ti: 0.03% -0.10%, Zr: 0.02-0.05%, less than or equal to 0.03% of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.1% of total impurity, and the balance of Al.
3. The method for preparing the high-strength coarse-grained-free aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), materials are homogenized by adopting an electromagnetic stirring device during smelting, liquid is subjected to slag skimming, and argon is introduced into the furnace bottom; electromagnetic stirring and furnace bottom degassing are adopted in the heat preservation refining process; during casting, an online degassing device is adopted for filtering, a 40-mesh superposed 60-mesh filtering plate is adopted for filtering, and an oil-gas sliding casting disc is adopted as a casting disc; the specification of the aluminum alloy ingot is 36MN ingot with phi 308mm multiplied by 6000mm or 55MN ingot with phi 375mm multiplied by 6000 mm; before extrusion, the aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to head cutting, tail cutting, cutting to a fixed length and leather turning, the fixed length size is required and controlled, the cast rod inspection requires controlling the grain size to be first grade, loosening to be first grade, and the ingot is low-power and has no segregation, no crack, no oxide film and no impurity defect.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength coarse-grain-free aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the extrusion ratio is less than or equal to 40, and the deformation degree is greater than 90%; heating the cast ingot at 480 +/-5 ℃, extruding the container at 440 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature of the mould at 490 +/-5 ℃, preserving the heat for 8-10 hours and extruding at the speed of 2.5 +/-0.5 m/min; and (3) carrying out online water spraying cooling on the extruded aluminum alloy section, wherein the water feeding is 100% and the water discharging is 100%.
5. The method for preparing the high-strength coarse-grained-free aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the extruded section is pre-stretched before off-line quenching, the stretching amount is 0.05-1.5%, the stress is removed by straightening, no orange peel phenomenon is caused in stretching, and the stretching allowance after off-line quenching is reserved in the product size; and sawing the extruded section, and cutting off the jaw part in the stretching process.
6. The method for preparing the high-strength coarse-grained-free aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), a vertical quenching furnace is adopted for off-line quenching, and water is added within 0-20 seconds after heating; setting the temperature of the quenching furnace to be 545 +/-5 ℃, carrying out stage temperature rise in the early stage, keeping the temperature for 1.5-3.5 hours, and carrying out off-line quenching; the stretching ratio is less than or equal to 100mm before off-line quenching, and the stretching ratio is 100 and 200mm after stretching and straightening.
7. The method for preparing the high-strength coarse-grained-free aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the stretching and straightening are required to be straight, no orange peel is allowed to appear on the surface, and the shape and position size of the product is controlled; the stretching straightening and the size measurement need to be completed within 2-4 hours after the quenching is completed.
8. The method for preparing the high-strength coarse-grain-free aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), artificial aging heat treatment is performed within 8 hours or 30 hours after the stretching and straightening, the aging is performed by keeping the temperature at 175 ℃ for 10 hours, and after the heat treatment is completed, a finished aluminum alloy sample is sawn and tested, and the physical and chemical performance indexes of the aluminum alloy are as follows: the tensile strength is more than or equal to 380MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 360MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 12 percent, the hardness is more than or equal to 100HBW, and the coarse crystal ring is less than or equal to 1 mm.
9. The aluminum alloy prepared by the method for preparing the high-strength coarse-grained-free aluminum alloy according to claim 1.
10. Use of the aluminum alloy of claim 9 in a macrocrystalline-free vehicular switch hinge.
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| CN113355568A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-07 | 湖北美科精毅科技有限公司 | Preparation process of aluminum alloy extruded section |
| CN113755724A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-12-07 | 中信渤海铝业控股有限公司 | Preparation process of aluminum alloy profile |
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