CN113862530B - Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 179
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 44
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 41
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910017706 MgZn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002467 CrFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001278 Sr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
In order to solve the problem that the mechanical property requirement and the elongation percentage requirement of the existing aluminum alloy are difficult to meet, the invention provides an aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9 to 12 percent of Si, 0.3 to 1.5 percent of Cu, 0.3 to 1.3 percent of Mg, 0.02 to 1.1 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.9 percent of Fe, 0.004 to 0.05 percent of Cr, 0.005 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Zn, 0.005 to 0.04 percent of Sr, 0.002 to 0.03 percent of Mo, 0.0005 to 0.003 percent of B, 0.001 to 0.03 percent of Ga, and the balance of Al and other elements, wherein the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1 percent. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the aluminum alloy. The yield strength and tensile strength of the aluminum alloy provided by the invention are obviously improved, and the elongation is also ensured. When the aluminum alloy obtained by smelting and die-casting by using the formula provided by the invention is smelted, the Ca agent is added in the smelting process, and then the Ca agent is removed, so that the smelting efficiency can be obviously improved, and no redundant impurities are introduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Die casting is one of the basic forming methods of aluminum alloys and can be used for product design in complex structural members. A356 aluminum alloy commonly used for die-casting aluminum alloy is an aluminum-based high-silicon alloy, and the A356 aluminum alloy is formed by adding magnesium into Al-Si binary alloy to form a strengthening phase so as to improve the aging strengthening capability of the alloy and improve the mechanical property of the alloy.
The eutectic can be present in the aluminum alloy, so that the eutectic can ensure good die-casting performance, the aluminum alloy becomes brittle with the increase of the eutectic, the mechanical property is reduced, the existing aluminum alloy material has higher requirement on the elongation, and the existing aluminum alloy material is difficult to meet the requirements on the mechanical property and the elongation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problem that the existing aluminum alloy is difficult to meet both the mechanical property requirement and the elongation percentage requirement.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
on one hand, the invention provides an aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
9 to 12 percent of Si, 0.3 to 1.5 percent of Cu, 0.3 to 1.3 percent of Mg, 0.02 to 1.1 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.9 percent of Fe, 0.004 to 0.05 percent of Cr, 0.005 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Zn, 0.005 to 0.04 percent of Sr, 0.002 to 0.03 percent of Mo, 0.0005 to 0.003 percent of B, 0.001 to 0.03 percent of Ga, and the balance of Al and other elements, wherein the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1 percent.
Optionally, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
9 to 10.5 percent of Si, 0.3 to 1.5 percent of Cu, 0.3 to 1.1 percent of Mg, 0.3 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.6 percent of Fe, 0.005 to 0.02 percent of Cr, 0.005 to 0.1 percent of Ti, 0.12 to 0.4 percent of Zn, 0.01 to 0.035 percent of Sr, 0.002 to 0.03 percent of Mo, 0.0005 to 0.003 percent of B, 0.001 to 0.03 percent of Ga and the balance of Al and other elements, wherein the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1 percent.
Optionally, in the aluminum alloy, the mass percentage contents of Si, fe, cu, mg, and Zn satisfy: 0.1Si +0.2Fe yarn woven fabric Cu + Mg + Mn yarn woven fabric 0.3Si-0.8Fe.
Optionally, in the aluminum alloy, the mass percentages of Mg, mn, and Fe satisfy: 0.9% < Mg + Mn + Fe <1.6%.
Optionally, in the aluminum alloy, the mass percentage content ratio of Mn, fe and Zn satisfies: 0.4Mn +0.5Fe is less than or equal to Zn and less than or equal to 0.71Mn +1.1Fe;
the mass percent content of Ga is more than that of Mo, and the mass percent content ratio of Ti to B satisfies the following conditions: ti: b > 5:1.
Optionally, in the aluminum alloy, the mass percentage content ratio of Cr to Fe satisfies: cr: fe = 1.
Optionally, the other elements include one or more of Ca, hg, ni, in, co, cd, li, na, and P.
Optionally, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy is 260-280MPa, the tensile strength is 380-430 MPa, the elongation is 3-5%, and the thermal conductivity is greater than 140W/(k · m).
According to the aluminum alloy provided by the invention, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy are remarkably improved by adjusting the proportion of each element in the aluminum alloy, the elongation percentage is ensured to meet the requirement, the requirement of die casting can be met, and further, the aluminum alloy can be ensured to have higher heat-conducting property by the proportion of the elements. The aluminum alloy also has the advantages of low equipment requirement, simple heat treatment step, short and reduced production period, low gas content of castings during die-casting molding, and avoidance of high-temperature foaming and deformation problems, and has good process adaptability when applied to die-casting processes.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
weighing Al agent, si agent, mn agent, cu agent, zn agent, ga agent, part of Fe agent and Ca agent in required proportion according to the element proportion in the aluminum alloy, and adding the Al agent, the Si agent, the Mn agent, the Cu agent, the Zn agent, the Ga agent, the part of Fe agent and the Ca agent into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain a melt;
refining the melt by using a refining agent, removing a Ca agent, introducing inert gas, and removing scum;
weighing Mg agent in required proportion, and adding the Mg agent into the smelting furnace;
respectively weighing Sr agent, cr agent, part of B agent and the rest of Fe agent in required proportion to perform first modification treatment;
after the first modification treatment, weighing Mo agent, ti agent and the rest B agent in required parts for second modification treatment, degassing and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
and carrying out die-casting molding on the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
Optionally, the adding mass of Ca element in the Ca agent added in the smelting process is 0.3-1%.
Optionally, adding AlF 3 Removing the Ca agent;
or, chlorine or carbon tetrachloride Ca removing agent is introduced by taking the inert gas as a carrier.
Optionally, in the first modification treatment, the Sr agent, the Cr agent and the remaining Fe agent are added first, and then part of the B agent is added.
Optionally, in the die-casting forming of the aluminum alloy ingot, a die-casting machine is used for die-casting, and the die-casting temperature is 680-720 ℃;
naturally aging for 1-3 days, hot pressing with hot pressing mold at 210-270 deg.C, and standing for 1-3 days.
According to the preparation method, the Al agent, the Si agent, the Mn agent, the Cu agent, the Zn agent, the Ga agent, a part of the Fe agent and the Ca agent are added in required parts, the refining agent is added for refining and the Ca agent is removed, the Mg agent is added, the Sr agent, the Cr agent, a part of the B agent and the rest of the Fe agent are added for carrying out first modification treatment, the Mo agent is introduced, the rest of the B agent and the Ti agent are carried out second modification treatment, and casting and die-casting are carried out to obtain the aluminum alloy. And the modification treatment is carried out by various alloys, and further, the strength and the industrial applicability range of the aluminum alloy are enhanced.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides an aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
9 to 12 percent of Si, 0.3 to 1.5 percent of Cu, 0.3 to 1.3 percent of Mg, 0.02 to 1.1 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.9 percent of Fe, 0.004 to 0.05 percent of Cr, 0.005 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Zn, 0.005 to 0.04 percent of Sr, 0.002 to 0.03 percent of Mo, 0.0005 to 0.003 percent of B, 0.001 to 0.03 percent of Ga, and the balance of Al and other elements, wherein the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1 percent.
According to the aluminum alloy provided by the invention, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy are remarkably improved by adjusting the proportion control of each strengthening element in the aluminum alloy, the elongation percentage is ensured to meet the requirement, the requirement of die casting can be met, and further, the aluminum alloy can be ensured to have higher heat-conducting property by the element proportion. The aluminum alloy also has the advantages of low equipment requirement, simple heat treatment step, short and reduced production period, low gas content of castings during die-casting molding, and avoidance of high-temperature foaming and deformation problems, and has good process adaptability when applied to die-casting processes.
In the material, eutectic silicon and primary Si are formed by Si and Al, and the existence of Sr can modify the eutectic silicon, so that the appearance of the eutectic silicon is changed, flaky eutectic silicon is changed into particles to form dispersed fine grains, and the strength and the fluidity of the material are improved.
Mg can react with Si and Mg respectively to generate strengthening phase Mg in the invention 2 Si and a strengthening phase MgZn 2 Strengthening phase Mg 2 Si can enhance the strength and toughness of the alloy and strengthen the phase MgZn 2 The material is uniformly dispersed and distributed at the crystal boundary, so that the crystal boundary energy is improved, and the yield strength of the material is improved.
Ti and B are dispersed and distributed among the crystal grains, so that primary crystal silicon can be uniformly distributed in alpha-Al, and the growth of the alpha-Al is greatly inhibited.
In the aluminum alloy, mo is an element for refining grains on the one hand and also a dispersion strengthening element on the other hand, and is distributed between grain boundaries together with Ga to form a dispersion strengthening phase with other alloy elements.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
9-10.5% of Si, 0.3-1.5% of Cu, 0.3-1.1% of Mg, 0.3-0.8% of Mn, 0.1-0.6% of Fe, 0.005-0.02% of Cr, 0.005-0.1% of Ti, 0.12-0.4% of Zn, 0.01-0.035% of Sr, 0.002-0.03% of Mo, 0.0005-0.003% of B, 0.001-0.03% of Ga and the balance of Al and other elements, wherein the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1%.
In other specific embodiments, the content of Si is 9.5%, 10.2%, 10.7%, 11.3%, or 12%, the content of Cu is 0.3%, 0.6%, 1.0%, 1.3%, or 1.5%, the content of Mg is 0.3%, 0.6%, 1.0%, 1.1%, or 1.3%, the content of Mn is 0.02%, 0.07%, 0.1%, 0.4%, 0.8%, or 1.1%, the content of Fe is 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, or 0.9%, the content of Cr is 0.004%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04%, or 0.05%, the content of Ti is 0.005%, 0.008%, 0.01%, 0.06%, 0.09%, 0.13% or 0.15%, the content of Zn is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% or 0.5%, the content of Sr is 0.005%, 0.009%, 0.011%, 0.03% or 0.04%, the content of Mo is 0.004%, 0.008%, 0.01%, 0.014% or 0.02%, the content of B is 0.0005%, 0.0008%, 0.001%, 0.002% or 0.003%, the content of Ga is 0.002%, 0.008%, 0.01%, 0.014% or 0.03%, the remainder is Al and other elements, the total amount of which is less than 0.1%.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the aluminum alloy has a content of Si, fe, cu, mg, and Zn in mass percent satisfying: 0.1Si +0.2Fe yarn woven fabric Cu + Mg + Mn yarn woven fabric 0.3Si-0.8Fe.
When the above relationship is satisfied, the Cu element is solid-dissolved in Al 2 Mg 3 Zn 3 In the phase, a small amount of Cu exists between eutectic Si grain boundaries to form Al 2 And the Cu strengthening phase ensures the elongation and strengthens the strength of the alloy.
Si is a basic strengthening phase, and when the Si satisfies the relational expression, the Si in the material mainly exists in the form of eutectic Si, so that the alloy strength is ensured, and the elongation of the alloy is improved.
Mn solutionizes Fe element in the alloy to Al 6 Formation of Al in Mn phase 6 (MnFe), reducing erosion to the metal mold, and also playing a role in refining crystal grains.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the aluminum alloy contains Mg, mn, and Fe in a mass percentage of: 0.9% < Mg + Mn + Fe <1.6%.
When the above-mentioned relational expressions of Si, fe, cu, mg and Zn and the above-mentioned relational expressions of Mg, mn and Fe are within the range of the present invention, the strength and elongation of the alloy can be improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass percentage content ratio of Mn, fe, and Zn in the aluminum alloy satisfies: 0.4Mn +0.5Fe is less than or equal to Zn less than or equal to 0.71Mn +1.1Fe;
the mass percent content of Ga is larger than that of Mo, and the mass percent content ratio of Ti to B satisfies the following conditions: ti: b > 5:1.
When the content of Ga is larger than that of Mo, trace Ga can be uniformly dispersed in the Al matrix and can replace Mo as a nucleating agent. And trace Mo can be combined with Ti to form a strengthening phase, so that the strength of the alloy is further improved.
When the ratio of Ti: when B is more than 5:1, the alloy has obvious refining effect, and the elongation of the alloy is ensured while the alloy strength is improved. When the ratio of Ti: when B is less than 5:1, B will react with Sr element to reduce the strength of alloy.
Compared with other ranges, the aluminum alloy provided by the invention has improved strength after heat treatment, but the elongation rate is basically unchanged.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the content ratio of Cr and Fe by mass in the aluminum alloy satisfies: cr: fe = 1.
When the mass percentages of Cr and Fe satisfy the above ranges, cr can combine with Fe in the AlFeSi phase to form AlCrSi and (CrFe) Al 7 The intermetallic compound of (2) can prevent the formation of needle-shaped AlFeSi phase, reduce the sensitivity of stress corrosion cracking and improve the elongation percentage of the alloy. The content of Cr element is higher than that of Cr: the die sticking phenomenon is easy to occur when the content ratio of Fe = (1-3): 100 is adopted, and the content of Cr is lower than that of Cr: when the content ratio of Fe = (1-3): 100, the content of Cr element is less, and the Cr element cannot effectively react with Fe element, so that the Cr element is difficult to effectively refine grains, reduce the sensitivity of stress corrosion cracking and increase the sensitivity of quenching.
In some embodiments of the invention, the other elements include one or more of Ca, hg, ni, in, co, cd, li, na and P.
In some embodiments of the invention, the aluminum alloy has a yield strength of 260-280MPa, a tensile strength of 380-430 MPa, an elongation of 3-5%, and a thermal conductivity greater than 140W/(k · m).
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy, which comprises the following operation steps:
weighing Al agent, si agent, mn agent, cu agent, zn agent, ga agent, part of Fe agent and Ca agent according to the required proportion parts of the elements in the aluminum alloy, and adding the Al agent, the Si agent, the Mn agent, the Cu agent, the Zn agent, the Ga agent, the part of Fe agent and the Ca agent into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain a melt;
refining the melt by using a refining agent, removing a Ca agent, introducing inert gas, and removing scum;
weighing Mg agent in required proportion, and adding the Mg agent into the smelting furnace;
respectively weighing Sr agent, cr agent, part of B agent and the rest Fe agent in required proportion for first modification treatment;
after the first modification treatment, weighing Mo agent, ti agent and the rest B agent in required parts for second modification treatment, degassing and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
and die-casting the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
In the present invention, the Al agent, si agent, cu agent, mg agent, mn agent, fe agent, cr agent, ti agent, zn agent, sr agent, B agent, mo agent, and Ga agent are materials capable of providing various elements necessary for preparing the die-casting aluminum alloy of the present invention, and may be an intermediate alloy, a metal compound, or a pure metal containing the above elements as long as the composition components in the aluminum alloy obtained by melting the added aluminum alloy raw material are within the above ranges.
According to the preparation method, the Al agent, the Si agent, the Mn agent, the Cu agent, the Zn agent, the Ga agent, a part of the Fe agent and the Ca agent are added in required parts, the refining agent is added for refining and the Ca agent is removed, the Mg agent is added, the Sr agent, the Cr agent, a part of the B agent and the rest of the Fe agent are added for carrying out first modification treatment, the Mo agent is introduced, the rest of the B agent and the Ti agent are carried out second modification treatment, and casting and die-casting are carried out to obtain the aluminum alloy. And the modification treatment is carried out by various alloys, and further, the strength and the industrial applicability range of the aluminum alloy are enhanced.
Because the Mg agent is easy to oxidize in the smelting process and is easy to remove in the refining process, the Mg agent is added after re-refining, so that the content of the Mg element in the aluminum alloy can be accurately controlled, and the utilization efficiency of the raw materials is improved.
In some embodiments, the added mass of Ca element in Ca agent added during smelting is 0.3-1%.
In some embodiments, the method of removing a Ca agent comprises:
adding AlF 3 Removing the Ca agent;
or, chlorine or carbon tetrachloride Ca removing agent is introduced by taking the inert gas as a carrier.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the first deterioration treatment, the Sr agent, the Cr agent and the remaining Fe agent are added first, and then part of the B agent is added.
The inventor finds out through experiments that the adding sequence of elements subjected to modification has certain influence on the performance of the aluminum alloy, and finds out through a large number of experiments that the Sr agent is added firstly, the Cr agent can effectively improve the modification effect of the aluminum liquid, and the die-cast aluminum alloy has higher yield strength on the premise of ensuring the fracture elongation.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the die-casting forming of the aluminum alloy ingot, a die-casting machine is used for die-casting, and the die-casting temperature is 680-720 ℃;
naturally aging for 1-3 days, hot pressing with hot pressing mold at 210-270 deg.C, and standing for 1-3 days.
In the die-casting molding of the aluminum alloy cast ingot, the speed of a die-casting machine is 1.6-2m/s, and the heat preservation time is 1-3s.
After hot pressing by a hot-pressing die, cu originally dissolved in the Al matrix is subjected to segregation to alpha-Al grain boundaries to form a strengthening phase, so that the strength of the alloy is improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the Sr agent and the remaining Fe agent are Al-Fe-Sr alloys, the Cr agent is an Al-Cr5% alloy, and the portion of the B agent is an Al-B3% alloy; the Mo agent is Al-Mo alloy, and the Ti agent and the residual B agent are Al-Ti-B alloy.
The sum of the content percentages of the elements of the added master alloy or the added simple substance metal is within the content range of the aluminum alloy component provided by the invention.
The Al-Mo intermediate alloy and the Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy are added simultaneously for modification treatment, so that the content of Mo and B elements in the alloy can be accurately controlled, and the effect of improving the alloy after Mo and B are added is also ensured.
In some embodiments of the invention, the refining agent comprises one or both of hexafluoroethane, aluminum refining agent ZS-AJ 01C;
the inert gas comprises nitrogen and/or argon.
More preferably, the inert gas is nitrogen.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the refining is 730-750 ℃ and the temperature of the metamorphic treatment is 700-740 ℃.
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples.
Table 1 shows the mass percentage (%) of the aluminum alloy composition of the present invention.
TABLE 1
Example 1
This example is used to illustrate the aluminum alloy and the method of making the same disclosed in the present invention, and includes the following steps:
as shown in Table 1, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11% of Si, 0.9% of Cu, 0.7% of Mg, 0.5% of Mn, 0.3% of Fe, 0.008% of Cr, 0.08% of Ti, 0.4% of Zn, 0.025% of Sr, 0.01% of Mo, 0.002% of B and 0.015% of Ga, calculating the mass of various required intermediate alloys or metal simple substances according to the mass content of the aluminum alloy components, and adding and operating according to the following steps:
step 1, adding pure aluminum when the furnace temperature is 200-300 ℃;
step 2, when the temperature of the furnace rises to about 700 ℃, adding a Si agent and a Ca agent of Ca element with the mass percentage of 0.5 percent of melt according to the mass percentage;
step 3, when the furnace temperature reaches 800-850 ℃, adding the Mn agent, the Cu agent, the Zn agent, the Ga agent and part of the Fe agent according to the mass percentage, stirring and standing after melting, wherein the operation is carried out for 3 times alternately, the stirring time is 3min each time, and the standing time is 8min;
step 4, adding the remaining pure aluminum, and adjusting the smelting temperature to 760 ℃;
and 5, refining the melt by using a refining agent, and removing the redundant Ca agent (adding AlF) according to the mass percentage 3 Removing Ca agent, or introducing inert gas as carrier, introducing chlorine or carbon tetrachloride to remove Ca agent), blowing nitrogen or argon into the melt at 730-750 deg.C, refining, and removing surface dross;
step 6, adding Mg, detecting the components of the molten metal, and performing subsequent steps after the molten metal is adjusted to be qualified;
step 7, when the temperature is 700-740 ℃, adding a modifier to modify the melt, and respectively adding Al-Fe-Sr intermediate alloy and Al-Cr5% intermediate alloy;
step 8, after modification, adding Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy and Al-Mo intermediate alloy, and after modification, degassing and casting;
and 9, carrying out die casting process on the aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the die casting temperature is 680-720 ℃, the speed of the die casting machine is 1.6-2m/s, and the heat preservation time is 1-3s.
And step 10, after die-casting forming, naturally aging for 1-3d, and placing the product for 1-3d after hot pressing by a hot-pressing die (the hot-pressing temperature is 210-270 ℃).
Examples 2 to 35
Examples 2-35, which illustrate the aluminum alloy and method of making the same disclosed in the present invention, include most of the steps of example 1, except that:
the aluminum alloy compositions of examples 2 to 35 in Table 1 were used, and the other operation was the same as in example 1.
Example 36
Example 36 is provided to illustrate an aluminum alloy and a method of making the same, including most of the operations of example 1, except that:
the aluminum alloy composition shown in example 36 in Table 1 was used;
step 2: when the temperature of the furnace rises to about 700 ℃, adding the Si agent according to the mass percentage;
and 5: refining the melt by using a refining agent, blowing nitrogen or argon into the melt at 730-750 ℃, and removing the surface scum after refining.
Example 37
Example 37 is provided to illustrate an aluminum alloy and a method of making the same, including most of the operations of example 1, except that:
the aluminum alloy composition shown in example 37 in Table 1 was used;
step 3, when the furnace temperature reaches 800-850 ℃, adding a Mn agent, a Cu agent, a Zn agent, a Ga agent, a Cr agent and part of Fe agent according to the mass percentage, stirring and standing after melting, wherein the stirring time is 3min each time, and the standing time is 8min;
step 7, when the temperature is 700-740 ℃, adding a modifier to modify the melt, and adding an Al-Fe-Sr intermediate alloy;
and 8, after modification, adding Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy and Al-Mo intermediate alloy, and after modification, degassing and casting.
Example 38
Example 38 is provided to illustrate by way of comparison the aluminum alloy and method of making the same disclosed in the present invention, including most of the operating steps of example 1, except that:
the aluminum alloy composition shown in example 38 in Table 1 was used;
step 7, when the temperature is 700-740 ℃, adding a modifier to modify the melt, and adding an Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy and an Al-Mo intermediate alloy;
and 8, after modification, respectively adding an Al-Fe-Sr intermediate alloy and an Al-Cr5% intermediate alloy, and after modification, degassing and casting.
Comparative examples 1 to 24
Comparative examples 1-24 are provided to illustrate by way of comparison the aluminum alloy and method of making the same disclosed in the present invention, including most of the operating steps of example 1, except that:
the aluminum alloy compositions shown in comparative examples 1 to 24 in Table 1 were used, and the other operation steps were the same as in example 1.
Performance test
The following performance tests were performed on the aluminum alloys prepared in the above examples 1 to 38 and comparative examples 1 to 24: tensile Strength test
Part 1 of the tensile test using GBT 228.1-2010 metal material: room temperature test method for tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the material.
The aluminum alloy prepared from the components in table 1 was die-cast to form tensile test bars (diameter 6.4mm x gauge length 50 mm), an electronic universal tester of the type CMT5105 was used for tensile property testing, the gauge length was 50mm, the loading rate was 2mm/min, the measurement data was recorded, six samples were tested at each formulation point, wherein the yield strength, the tensile strength and the elongation were the average of six data, the relative standard deviation of the yield strength was the percentage ratio of the standard deviation to the average of 6 yield strength data, and the relative standard deviation of the tensile strength was the percentage ratio of the standard deviation to the average of 6 tensile strength data.
And (3) testing thermal conductivity:
preparing an aluminum alloy into a cast ingot heat-conducting wafer with the diameter of 12.7 multiplied by 3mm, and uniformly spraying graphite coatings on two surfaces of a sample to be tested; and placing the processed sample into a laser heat conduction instrument for testing. The laser thermal conductivity test was carried out according to ASTM E1461 Standard method for measuring thermal diffusivity by flashing light.
The test results obtained are filled in table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the test results of table 2:
the test results of comparative examples 1 to 38 and comparative examples 1 to 24 show that, compared with the aluminum alloy outside the element range provided by the present invention, the aluminum alloy provided by the present invention has better yield strength and tensile strength, and simultaneously improves the elongation, so that the requirements of the die casting process can be met.
Comparing the test results of examples 1-25 and examples 26-27, it can be seen that when the mass percentage content of Si, fe, cu, mg and Zn in the material composition satisfies 0.1Si +0.2Fe and Ap Cu + Mg + Mn Ap 0.3Si-0.8Fe, the yield strength and elongation of the alloy can be improved.
As is apparent from the results of comparing examples 1 to 24 and examples 28 to 29, the strength and elongation of the alloy are improved when the contents of Cu, mg and Zn by mass% satisfy 0.9% < Mg + Mn + Fe <1.6%.
Comparing the test results of examples 1-25 and examples 30-33, it can be seen that when the ratio of the mass percent of Mn, fe and Zn in the material composition satisfies 0.4Mn +0.5Fe ≦ Zn ≦ 0.71Mn +1.1Fe, the mass percent content of Ga in the material composition is greater than the mass percent content of Mo, and the ratio of the mass percent of Ti and B in the material composition satisfies: ti: when B is more than 5:1, the strength of the aluminum alloy is improved, but the elongation rate is basically kept unchanged.
As is apparent from the results of comparing examples 1 to 24 and examples 34 to 35, when the material composition contains Cr and Fe in the range of 1:100-3, the elongation of the alloy is improved.
The test results of comparative examples 1 to 35 and example 36 show that the addition of the Ca agent can significantly shorten the melting time, which is beneficial to improve the melting efficiency, and the removal of the Ca agent in the subsequent operation can avoid the influence on the performance of the aluminum alloy.
The test results of the comparative examples 1 to 35 and the examples 37 to 38 show that the material addition sequence of the modification link has a great influence on the performance of the aluminum alloy, particularly the addition time of the Cr agent, and the performance of the aluminum alloy can be effectively improved through the addition sequence of the preparation method provided by the invention.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
9-12% of Si, 0.3-1.5% of Cu, 0.3-1.3% of Mg, 0.02-1.1% of Mn, 0.1-0.9% of Fe, 0.004-0.05% of Cr, 0.005-0.15% of Ti, 0.1-0.5% of Zn, 0.005-0.04% of Sr, 0.002-0.03% of Mo, 0.0005-0.003% of B, 0.001-0.03% of Ga, and the balance of Al and other elements, wherein the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1%, and the mass percentage content ratio of Cr to Fe satisfies: cr: fe = 1; in the aluminum alloy, the mass percentage content of Si, fe, cu, mg and Zn meets the following requirements: 0.1Si +0.2Fe yarn woven fabric Cu + Mg + Mn yarn woven fabric 0.3Si-0.8Fe; the mass percentage content ratio of Ti to B satisfies: ti: b > 5:1.
2. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy consists of, in mass percent:
9-10.5% of Si, 0.3-1.5% of Cu, 0.3-1.1% of Mg, 0.3-0.8% of Mn, 0.1-0.6% of Fe, 0.005-0.02% of Cr, 0.005-0.1% of Ti, 0.12-0.4% of Zn, 0.01-0.035% of Sr, 0.002-0.03% of Mo, 0.0005-0.003% of B, 0.001-0.03% of Ga and the balance of Al and other elements, wherein the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1%.
3. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy has a mass percent content of Mg, mn, and Fe that satisfies: 0.9% < Mg + Mn + Fe <1.6%.
4. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy has a content ratio of Mn, fe, and Zn in mass percent satisfying: 0.4Mn +0.5Fe is less than or equal to Zn less than or equal to 0.71Mn +1.1Fe;
the content of Ga is larger than that of Mo in percentage by mass.
5. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the other elements comprise one or more of Ca, hg, ni, in, co, cd, li, na, and P.
6. The aluminum alloy of any of claims 1 to 5, having a yield strength of 260-280MPa, a tensile strength of 380-430 MPa, an elongation of 3-5%, and a thermal conductivity of greater than 140W/(k-m).
7. Method for the production of an aluminium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following operative steps:
weighing Al agent, si agent, mn agent, cu agent, zn agent, ga agent and part of Fe agent according to the required proportion parts of the elements in the aluminum alloy, weighing Ca agent which enables the addition mass of Ca element to be 0.3-1%, adding into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain melt;
refining the melt by using a refining agent, removing a Ca agent, introducing inert gas, and removing scum;
weighing Mg agent in required proportion, and adding the Mg agent into the smelting furnace;
respectively weighing Sr agent, cr agent, part of B agent and the rest of Fe agent in required proportion to perform first modification treatment;
after the first modification treatment, weighing Mo agent, ti agent and the rest B agent in required parts for second modification treatment, degassing and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
and carrying out die-casting molding on the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
8. The method for producing an aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein the method for removing the Ca agent includes:
adding AlF 3 Removing the Ca agent;
or, chlorine or carbon tetrachloride Ca removing agent is introduced by taking the inert gas as a carrier.
9. The method of producing an aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein in the first modification treatment, the Sr agent, the Cr agent and the remaining Fe agent are added, and then the B agent is added.
10. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein in the die-casting of the aluminum alloy ingot, a die-casting machine is used for die-casting, and the die-casting temperature is 680-720 ℃;
naturally aging for 1-3 days, hot pressing with hot pressing mold at 210-270 deg.C, and standing for 1-3 days.
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| EP3235917B1 (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2018-08-15 | Rheinfelden Alloys GmbH & Co. KG | Alloy for pressure die casting |
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