CN114150171A - Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114150171A CN114150171A CN202111458995.2A CN202111458995A CN114150171A CN 114150171 A CN114150171 A CN 114150171A CN 202111458995 A CN202111458995 A CN 202111458995A CN 114150171 A CN114150171 A CN 114150171A
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: heating a recycled aluminum alloy to melt the recycled aluminum alloy; adding industrial silicon and steel waste into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, heating to 780-820 ℃ to melt the industrial silicon and the steel waste; reducing the temperature of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy to 710-730 ℃, and adding magnesium alloy waste into the molten regenerated aluminum alloy to obtain a mixed melt; refining the mixed melt, and measuring the content of each component in the refined mixed melt; and cooling the mixed melt to obtain the aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy contains 6-15% by mass of silicon, 0.1-1% by mass of iron, 0.4-2% by mass of magnesium and 78-90.6% by mass of aluminum. The invention also provides an aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy has better tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture and heat conductivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a preparation method of aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of light weight, softness, high strength, good corrosion resistance, excellent processing performance and the like, and is widely applied to various industries. In order to reduce resource consumption, a regenerated aluminum alloy is usually hot-melted and recast for reuse. Various properties (such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture, heat conductivity and the like) of the recycled aluminum alloy are greatly reduced, and the properties of the aluminum alloy obtained by processing the recycled aluminum alloy by the conventional preparation method of the aluminum alloy are poor, so that the application range of the recycled aluminum alloy is narrow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a preparation method of an aluminum alloy, and aims to solve the problems of low tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture and heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy obtained by treating a regenerated aluminum alloy by the conventional preparation method of the aluminum alloy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the preparation method of the aluminum alloy provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
providing regenerated aluminum alloy, industrial silicon, steel waste and magnesium alloy waste, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the industrial silicon to the steel waste to the magnesium alloy waste is 78-90.6: 6-15: 0.1-1: 0.2 to 3;
subjecting the recycled aluminum alloy to a heat treatment to melt the recycled aluminum alloy;
adding industrial silicon and steel waste into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, and heating to 780-820 ℃ to melt the industrial silicon and the steel waste;
reducing the temperature of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy to 710-730 ℃, adding magnesium alloy waste into the molten regenerated aluminum alloy, and melting the magnesium alloy waste to obtain a mixed melt;
refining the mixed melt at the temperature of 710-730 ℃, and measuring the content of each component in the refined mixed melt; and
and when the content of each component in the refined mixed melt reaches the standard, cooling the mixed melt to obtain the aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy contains 6-15% by mass of silicon, 0.1-1% by mass of iron, 0.4-2% by mass of magnesium and 78-90.6% by mass of aluminum.
Further, the preparation method of the aluminum alloy further comprises the following steps:
and when the content of each component in the refined mixed melt is not up to the standard, refining the mixed melt at 710-730 ℃, measuring the content of each component in the refined mixed melt, and repeating the steps until the content of each component in the refined mixed melt is up to the standard.
Further, in the mixed melt after refining treatment, the mass percentage content standard of each component is as follows: the mass percent of silicon is 6-15%, the mass percent of iron is 0.1-1%, the mass percent of magnesium is 0.4-2%, the mass percent of aluminum is 78-90.6%, and the mass percent of impurities is 0-0.2%.
Further, the method for preparing the aluminum alloy further comprises the following steps of, after the heating treatment is performed on the recycled aluminum alloy to melt the recycled aluminum alloy and before industrial silicon and steel scrap are added to the melted recycled aluminum alloy:
heating the temperature of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy to 710-730 ℃, and carrying out deslagging and refining treatment;
measuring the components and contents of the molten secondary aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment; and
when the components and the contents of the molten recycled aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment reach the standard, the amounts of industrial silicon, steel waste and magnesium alloy waste added into the molten recycled aluminum alloy are adjusted according to the components and the contents of the molten recycled aluminum alloy.
Further, after the components and contents of the molten recycled aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment are measured, the preparation method of the aluminum alloy further comprises the following steps:
when the components and the content of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment do not meet the standard, deslagging and refining treatment are carried out on the molten regenerated aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment again, the steps are repeated until the components and the content of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment meet the standard, and the amount of industrial silicon, steel waste and magnesium alloy waste added into the molten regenerated aluminum alloy is adjusted according to the components and the content of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy.
Further, the criteria for measuring the components and their contents contained in the molten secondary aluminum alloy after the slag removal and refining treatment are as follows: 0.1-18% of silicon, 0.1-2.0% of iron, 0.01-3.0% of magnesium, 81.8-97.8% of aluminum and 0.001-0.2% of impurities.
Further, the preparation method of the aluminum alloy further comprises the following steps:
providing waste copper alloy and/or waste zinc alloy, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the waste copper alloy is 1: 0.01-2, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the waste zinc alloy is 1: 0.01 to 2; and
adding industrial silicon, waste steel, waste copper alloy and/or waste zinc alloy into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, and heating to 780-820 ℃ to melt the industrial silicon, the waste copper alloy, the waste steel and/or the waste zinc alloy.
Further, the preparation method of the aluminum alloy further comprises the following steps:
providing an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy and/or an aluminum-boron intermediate alloy, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy is 1: 0.001-0.1, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is 1: 0.001 to 0.1; and
and reducing the temperature of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy to 710-730 ℃, adding magnesium alloy waste, an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy and/or an aluminum-boron intermediate alloy into the molten regenerated aluminum alloy, and melting the magnesium alloy waste, the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy and/or the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy to obtain a mixed melt.
The invention also provides an aluminum alloy which contains 6-15% by mass of silicon, 0.01-0.08% by mass of iron, 0.4-2% by mass of magnesium and 78-90.6% by mass of aluminum.
Further, the aluminum alloy also contains 0.01-2% by mass of copper; and/or the aluminum alloy further contains 0.01-2% by mass of zinc; and/or the aluminum alloy further contains 0.001-0.1 mass percent of strontium; and/or the aluminum alloy further contains 0.001-0.1 mass% of boron.
According to the technical scheme, industrial silicon and steel waste are added into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, the temperature is heated to 780-820 ℃ to melt the industrial silicon and the steel waste, magnesium alloy waste is added into the molten secondary aluminum alloy with the temperature of 710-730 ℃ to melt the magnesium alloy waste to obtain a mixed melt, the mixed melt is refined at the temperature of 710-730 ℃, the content of each component in the refined mixed melt is measured, and when the content of each component in the refined mixed melt reaches the standard, the mixed melt is cooled to obtain the aluminum alloy. Adding industrial silicon, steel waste and magnesium alloy waste into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, so that the aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy contains 6-15% by mass of silicon, 0.1-1% by mass of iron, 0.4-2% by mass of magnesium and 78-90.6% by mass of aluminum. The silicon can increase the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy, but can reduce the post-fracture elongation and thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy. The magnesium can increase the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy, but can reduce the post-fracture elongation and thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy. The iron can form an A1-Fe-Si phase in the aluminum alloy, and the influence of the silicon on the post-fracture elongation and the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy is reduced. In conclusion, the aluminum alloy has better tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture and heat conductivity by adding a proper amount of silicon, iron and magnesium.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
providing regenerated aluminum alloy, industrial silicon, steel waste and magnesium alloy waste, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the industrial silicon to the steel waste to the magnesium alloy waste is 78-90.6: 6-15: 0.1-1: 0.2 to 3;
subjecting the recycled aluminum alloy to a heat treatment to melt the recycled aluminum alloy;
adding industrial silicon and steel waste into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, and heating to 780-820 ℃ to melt the industrial silicon and the steel waste;
reducing the temperature of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy to 710-730 ℃, adding magnesium alloy waste into the molten regenerated aluminum alloy, and melting the magnesium alloy waste to obtain a mixed melt;
refining the mixed melt at the temperature of 710-730 ℃, and measuring the content of each component in the refined mixed melt; and
and when the content of each component in the refined mixed melt reaches the standard, cooling the mixed melt to obtain the aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy contains 6-15% by mass of silicon, 0.1-1% by mass of iron, 0.4-2% by mass of magnesium and 78-90.6% by mass of aluminum.
In at least one embodiment, after the industrial silicon and the steel scrap are added to the molten secondary aluminum alloy, stirring may be performed to uniformly mix the secondary aluminum alloy, the industrial silicon, and the steel scrap.
In at least one embodiment, after adding magnesium alloy scrap to the molten recycled aluminum alloy, stirring may be performed to uniformly mix the recycled aluminum alloy, industrial silicon, magnesium alloy scrap, and steel scrap.
In at least one embodiment, when the mixed melt is cooled to 680-700 ℃, the mixed melt can be subjected to die-casting treatment to obtain a die-cast aluminum alloy. The die temperature of the die casting treatment is 220-300 ℃, and the die casting speed is 0.23-2.5 m/s.
In at least one embodiment, the mass ratio of the recycled aluminum alloy, the industrial silicon, the steel scrap and the magnesium alloy scrap is 89: 6: 1: 2. or 92.5: 6: 0.5: 1.
in at least one embodiment, the recycled aluminum alloy, industrial silicon, steel scrap, and magnesium alloy scrap require low titanium, low manganese, low chromium, low zirconium, and low vanadium. Specifically, in the recycled aluminum alloy, the industrial silicon, the steel waste and the magnesium alloy waste, the specific gravity of titanium, manganese, chromium, zirconium and vanadium is less than 0.2 percent.
In at least one embodiment, the recycled aluminum alloy may be a recycled aluminum alloy ingot.
In at least one embodiment, the recycled aluminum alloy may be obtained by melting and refining aluminum or aluminum alloy scrap. And melting and refining the aluminum or aluminum alloy waste and the aluminum or aluminum alloy ingot to obtain the regenerated aluminum alloy.
It can be understood that the mass ratio of the aluminum or aluminum alloy waste to the aluminum ingot can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and the regenerated aluminum alloy with different aluminum contents can be obtained.
It is understood that the aluminum alloy of the present invention further contains at least one of manganese, nickel, lead, and titanium. Wherein, the mass percent content of manganese can be 0.001-0.5%, the mass percent content of nickel can be 0.004-0.005%, the mass percent content of lead can be 0.01-0.03%, and the mass percent content of titanium can be 0.001-0.007%.
It can be understood that the amounts of the recycled aluminum alloy, the industrial silicon, the steel scrap, and the magnesium alloy scrap should be appropriately set in consideration of the burn-out rates of the industrial silicon, the steel scrap, and the magnesium alloy scrap. The burning loss rate of the industrial silicon is 1-2%, the burning loss rate of the steel waste is 1-2%, and the burning loss rate of the magnesium alloy waste is 12-15%.
It is understood that the components and contents of the aluminum alloy are analyzed by spectroscopy, which is a common technique in the art and will not be described herein.
According to the technical scheme, industrial silicon and steel waste are added into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, the temperature is heated to 780-820 ℃ to melt the industrial silicon and the steel waste, magnesium alloy waste is added into the molten secondary aluminum alloy with the temperature of 710-730 ℃ to melt the magnesium alloy waste to obtain a mixed melt, the mixed melt is refined at the temperature of 710-730 ℃, the content of each component in the refined mixed melt is measured, and when the content of each component in the refined mixed melt reaches the standard, the mixed melt is cooled to obtain the aluminum alloy. Adding industrial silicon, steel waste and magnesium alloy waste into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, so that the aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy contains 6-15% by mass of silicon, 0.1-1% by mass of iron, 0.4-2% by mass of magnesium and 78-90.6% by mass of aluminum. The silicon can increase the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy, but can reduce the post-fracture elongation and thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy. The magnesium can increase the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy, but can reduce the post-fracture elongation and thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy. The iron can form an A1-Fe-Si phase in the aluminum alloy, and the influence of the silicon on the post-fracture elongation and the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy is reduced. In conclusion, the aluminum alloy has better tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture and heat conductivity by adding a proper amount of silicon, iron and magnesium.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy further comprises the following steps:
and when the content of each component in the refined mixed melt is not up to the standard, diluting and refining the mixed melt at the temperature of 710-730 ℃, measuring the content of each component in the refined mixed melt, and repeating the steps until the content of each component in the refined mixed melt is up to the standard.
In at least one embodiment, in the mixed melt after refining treatment, the content of each component in percentage by mass is as follows: the mass percent of silicon is 6-15%, the mass percent of iron is 0.1-1%, the mass percent of magnesium is 0.4-2%, the mass percent of aluminum is 78-90.6%, and the mass percent of impurities is 0-0.2%.
It can be understood that the industrial silicon, steel scrap, and magnesium alloy scrap can be supplemented to the molten recycled aluminum alloy according to the detection results of the components and contents of the recycled aluminum alloy.
According to the technical scheme, the mixed melt is refined at the temperature of 710-730 ℃, the content of each component in the refined mixed melt can be measured in real time, and when the content of each component in the refined mixed melt reaches the standard in percentage by mass, the mixed melt is cooled. And when the content of each component in the refined mixed melt is not up to the standard, diluting and refining the mixed melt at the temperature of 710-730 ℃, measuring the content of each component in the refined mixed melt, and repeating the steps until the content of each component in the refined mixed melt is up to the standard. Thus, the aluminum alloy with better tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture and thermal conductivity can be obtained after cooling treatment.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy further comprises the following steps of:
heating the temperature of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy to 710-730 ℃, and carrying out deslagging and refining treatment;
measuring the components and contents of the molten secondary aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment; and
when the components and the contents of the molten recycled aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment reach the standard, the amounts of industrial silicon, steel waste and magnesium alloy waste added into the molten recycled aluminum alloy are adjusted according to the components and the contents of the molten recycled aluminum alloy.
In at least one embodiment, the deslagging and refining process includes the steps of: raising the temperature of the molten recycled aluminum alloy to 720 ℃; adding an aluminum slag removing agent into the molten recycled aluminum alloy, wherein the mass of the aluminum slag removing agent is 0.2-0.3% of that of the molten recycled aluminum alloy; introducing nitrogen into the molten regenerated aluminum alloy, adding a refining agent for refining, standing the molten regenerated aluminum alloy subjected to refining for 5-10 min, and then removing slag, wherein the flow of the nitrogen is 300ml/s, the mass of the refining agent is 0.2-0.25% of that of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy, and the time of the refining is 5-10 min; adding cerium-rich rare earth into the refined molten secondary aluminum alloy, and standing for 5-10 min, wherein cerium can fill up defects on the surface of aluminum alloy grains and uniformly distribute impurities, and the mass of the cerium-rich rare earth is 0.05-0.2% of that of the molten secondary aluminum alloy; and adding the refining agent into the molten regenerated aluminum alloy again for refining, standing the molten regenerated aluminum alloy subjected to refining for 5-10 min, and then removing slag.
In at least one embodiment, when the temperature of the recycled aluminum alloy is increased to 580-660 ℃ during the heat treatment of the recycled aluminum alloy, the recycled aluminum alloy is in a semi-molten state, and dirt, scum on the surface and bottom sediment of the recycled aluminum alloy in the semi-molten state can be removed.
The refining agent is produced by Sichuan Lande high-tech industry Co., Ltd, and the model is ZS-AJ 2A.
The aluminum slagging agent is produced by Sichuan Lande high-tech industry Co., Ltd, and the model number is ZS-AZ 1A.
The cerium-rich rare earth is produced by Ganzhou Qiming new materials Co., Ltd, and the product number is 65655.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the molten regenerated aluminum alloy is subjected to deslagging and refining treatment so as to remove impurities in the regenerated aluminum alloy and fill in the defects on the surface of aluminum alloy crystal grains. The components and contents of the molten recycled aluminum alloy after slag removal and refining are tested to determine the amounts of industrial silicon, waste copper alloy, and magnesium alloy scrap added to the molten recycled aluminum alloy.
After the components and the contents of the molten recycled aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment are measured, the preparation method of the aluminum alloy further comprises the following steps:
when the components and the content of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment do not meet the standard, deslagging and refining treatment are carried out on the molten regenerated aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment again, the steps are repeated until the components and the content of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment meet the standard, and the amount of industrial silicon, steel waste and magnesium alloy waste added into the molten regenerated aluminum alloy is adjusted according to the components and the content of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy.
In at least one embodiment, the criteria for measuring the components and their contents contained in the molten secondary aluminum alloy after the deslagging and refining processes are: 0.1-18% of silicon, 0.1-2.0% of iron, 0.01-3.0% of magnesium, 81.8-97.8% of aluminum and 0.001-0.2% of impurities.
It can be understood that the industrial silicon, steel scrap, and magnesium alloy scrap can be supplemented to the molten recycled aluminum alloy according to the detection results of the components and contents of the recycled aluminum alloy.
According to the technical scheme, the components and the content of the molten recycled aluminum alloy subjected to deslagging and refining treatment can be measured in real time, and when the components and the content of the molten recycled aluminum alloy subjected to deslagging and refining treatment reach the standard, the amount of industrial silicon, steel waste and magnesium alloy waste added into the molten recycled aluminum alloy is adjusted according to the components and the content of the molten recycled aluminum alloy. When the components and the content of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment do not meet the standard, deslagging and refining treatment are carried out on the molten regenerated aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment again, the steps are repeated until the components and the content of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment meet the standard, and the amount of industrial silicon, steel waste and magnesium alloy waste added into the molten regenerated aluminum alloy is adjusted according to the components and the content of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy. Thus, not only impurities in the molten recycled aluminum alloy can be removed, but also the amounts of industrial silicon, steel scrap, and magnesium alloy scrap added to the molten recycled aluminum alloy can be accurately determined according to the components and the contents thereof in the recycled aluminum alloy from which the impurities are removed.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy further comprises the following steps:
providing waste copper alloy and/or waste zinc alloy, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the waste copper alloy is 1: 0.01-2, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the waste zinc alloy is 1: 0.01 to 2; and
adding industrial silicon, waste steel, waste copper alloy and/or waste zinc alloy into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, and heating to 780-820 ℃ to melt the industrial silicon, the waste copper alloy, the waste steel and/or the waste zinc alloy.
In at least one embodiment, the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the waste copper alloy is 1: 0.1, 1: 0.5, 1: 1. 1: 1.5, or 1: 2.
in at least one embodiment, the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the waste zinc alloy is 1: 0.1, 1: 0.5, 1: 1. 1: 1.5, or 1: 2.
in at least one embodiment, the specific gravity of the titanium, manganese, chromium, zirconium, and vanadium in the scrap copper alloy is less than 0.2%.
In at least one embodiment, the specific gravity of titanium, manganese, chromium, zirconium, and vanadium in the scrap zinc alloy is less than 0.2%.
It can be understood that the adding amount of the waste copper alloy and the waste zinc alloy is reasonably set in consideration of the burning loss rate of the waste copper alloy and the waste zinc alloy. The burning loss rate of the waste copper alloy is 0.1-1%, and the burning loss rate of the waste zinc alloy is 1-3%.
In the technical scheme of the invention, waste copper alloy and/or waste zinc alloy can be added into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, and the temperature is heated to 780-820 ℃ so as to melt the steel waste and/or the waste zinc alloy. The copper can improve the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation after fracture of the aluminum alloy. The zinc can react with magnesium in the aluminum alloy to form Mg2Zn strengthening phase, and improving the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy further comprises the following steps:
providing an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy and/or an aluminum-boron intermediate alloy, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy is 1: 0.001-0.1, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is 1: 0.001 to 0.1; and
and reducing the temperature of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy to 710-730 ℃, adding magnesium alloy waste, an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy and/or an aluminum-boron intermediate alloy into the molten regenerated aluminum alloy, and melting the magnesium alloy waste, the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy and/or the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy to obtain a mixed melt.
In at least one embodiment, the mass ratio of the recycled aluminum alloy to the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy is 1: 0.001, 1: 0.05, or 1: 0.1.
in at least one embodiment, the mass ratio of the recycled aluminum alloy to the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is 1: 0.001, 1: 0.05, or 1: 0.1.
in at least one embodiment, the aluminum-strontium master alloy has a specific gravity of less than 0.2% for each of titanium, manganese, chromium, zirconium, and vanadium.
In at least one embodiment, the aluminum boron master alloy has a specific gravity of less than 0.2% for each of titanium, manganese, chromium, zirconium, and vanadium.
In the technical scheme of the invention, an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy and/or an aluminum-boron intermediate alloy can be added into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, and the temperature is heated to 710-730 ℃ so as to melt the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy and/or the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy. The strontium can modify hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy to refine Si grain boundary, so that tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy are improved. The impurities in the aluminum alloy may react with boron to form borides (e.g., MnB) that may precipitate from the aluminum alloy2、TiB2And VB2Etc.), thereby reducing the degree of distortion of the crystal lattice of the aluminum alloy and improving the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy.
When the content of each component in the mixed melt after refining treatment reaches the standard, the preparation method of the aluminum alloy further comprises the following steps:
introducing inert gas into the mixed melt, and degassing the mixed melt; and
standing the mixed melt after degassing treatment; and
and reducing the temperature of the mixed melt after standing treatment to 680-700 ℃, and removing the surface scum.
In at least one embodiment, the inert gas can be helium, neon, argon, krypton, or nitrogen.
In at least one embodiment, the degassing time is 10-15 min, and the pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa.
In at least one embodiment, the standing time period may be 20-30 min.
In the technical scheme of the invention, inert gas is introduced into the mixed melt, and the mixed melt is subjected to degassing treatment and standing treatment, so that the gas can be separated from the mixed melt, thereby reducing the content of bubbles in the mixed melt and ensuring that high-quality aluminum alloy can be cast.
The invention also provides an aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy.
The aluminum alloy contains 6-15% by mass of silicon, 0.1-1% by mass of iron, 0.4-2% by mass of magnesium and 78-90.6% by mass of aluminum.
It is understood that the aluminum alloy of the present invention further contains at least one of manganese, nickel, lead, and titanium. Wherein, the mass percent content of manganese can be 0.001-0.5%, the mass percent content of nickel can be 0.004-0.005%, the mass percent content of lead can be 0.01-0.03%, and the mass percent content of titanium can be 0.001-0.007%.
According to the technical scheme, the aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy contains 6-15% of silicon by mass, 0.1-1% of iron by mass and 0.4-2% of magnesium by mass. The silicon can increase the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy, but can reduce the post-fracture elongation and thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy. The magnesium can increase the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy, but can reduce the post-fracture elongation and thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy. The iron can form an A1-Fe-Si phase in the aluminum alloy, and the influence of the silicon on the post-fracture elongation and the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy can be reduced. In conclusion, the aluminum alloy has better tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture and heat conductivity by adding a proper amount of silicon, iron and magnesium.
The aluminum alloy also contains 0.01-2% by mass of copper.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the aluminum alloy also contains 0.01-2% of copper by mass percent, and the copper can improve the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation percentage after fracture of the aluminum alloy.
The aluminum alloy also contains 0.01-2% of zinc by mass.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the aluminum alloy also contains 0.01-2% of zinc by mass, and the zinc can generate Mg with magnesium in the aluminum alloy2Zn strengthening phase, and improving the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy.
The aluminum alloy also contains 0.001-0.1 mass percent of strontium.
According to the technical scheme, the aluminum alloy further contains 0.001-0.1% by mass of strontium, and the strontium can be used for modifying hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy to refine Si crystal boundary, so that the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy are improved.
The aluminum alloy also contains 0.001-0.1 mass% of boron.
According to the technical scheme, the aluminum alloy further contains 0.001-0.1% by mass of boron, and impurities in the aluminum alloy can react with the boron to generate boride (such as MnB) capable of being precipitated from the aluminum alloy2、TiB2And VB2Etc.), thereby reducing the degree of distortion of the crystal lattice of the aluminum alloy and improving the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy.
The tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture and heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy are tested. The test results are: the aluminum alloy has the tensile strength of 360-390 MPa, the yield strength of 230-260 MPa, the elongation after fracture of 3-5% and the heat conductivity of 143-161W/mK.
The tensile strength of the regenerated aluminum alloy is 250-280 MPa, the yield strength is 130-150 MPa, the elongation after fracture is 4-5%, and the heat conductivity is 110-120W/mK.
Compared with the tensile strength, the yield strength, the elongation after fracture and the heat-conducting property of the regenerated aluminum alloy, the tensile strength, the yield strength, the elongation after fracture and the heat-conducting property of the aluminum alloy obtained by the method are greatly improved.
The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
providing regenerated aluminum alloy, industrial silicon, steel waste, waste zinc alloy and magnesium alloy waste, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy, the industrial silicon, the steel waste, the waste zinc alloy and the magnesium alloy waste is 90: 7.28: 0.2: 2: 0.5;
subjecting the recycled aluminum alloy to a heat treatment to melt the recycled aluminum alloy;
adding industrial silicon and steel scrap to the molten secondary aluminum alloy, and heating the temperature to 780 ℃ to melt the industrial silicon and steel scrap;
adding magnesium alloy waste into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, heating to 710 ℃, and melting the magnesium alloy waste to obtain a mixed melt;
refining the mixed melt at the temperature of 720 ℃, and measuring the content of each component in the refined mixed melt; and
when the content of each component in the refined mixed melt reaches the standard, performing die-casting treatment on the mixed melt to obtain the aluminum alloy of the first embodiment, wherein the aluminum alloy of the first embodiment contains 7.28 mass% of silicon, 0.2 mass% of iron, 2 mass% of zinc, 0.5 mass% of magnesium, 90 mass% of aluminum, 0.008 mass% of manganese, 0.005 mass% of nickel and 0.007 mass% of titanium.
The aluminum alloy of the first example was tested for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture, and thermal conductivity. The test results are: the aluminum alloy of the first example has a tensile strength of 360MPa, a yield strength of 240MPa, a post-fracture elongation of 3%, and a thermal conductivity of 145W/mK.
Example two
Providing regenerated aluminum alloy, industrial silicon, steel waste, waste zinc alloy and magnesium alloy waste, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy, the industrial silicon, the steel waste, the waste zinc alloy and the magnesium alloy waste is 87.58: 10: 1: 0.4: 0.5;
subjecting the recycled aluminum alloy to a heat treatment to melt the recycled aluminum alloy;
adding industrial silicon, waste copper alloy and steel waste into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, and heating to 780 ℃ to melt the industrial silicon, the waste copper alloy and the steel waste;
adding magnesium alloy waste into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, heating to 710 ℃, and melting the magnesium alloy waste to obtain a mixed melt;
refining the mixed melt at the temperature of 720 ℃, and measuring the content of each component in the refined mixed melt; and
when the content of each component in the refined mixed melt reaches the standard, performing die-casting treatment on the mixed melt to obtain the aluminum alloy of the second embodiment, wherein the aluminum alloy of the second embodiment contains 10% by mass of silicon, 1% by mass of iron, 0.5% by mass of copper, 0.4% by mass of zinc, 0.5% by mass of magnesium, 87.58% by mass of aluminum, 0.008% by mass of manganese, 0.005% by mass of nickel, and 0.007% by mass of titanium.
The tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture, and thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy of example two were tested. The test results are: the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy of the second example was 365MPa, the yield strength was 250MPa, the elongation after fracture was 3.1%, and the thermal conductivity was 148W/mK.
EXAMPLE III
Providing regenerated aluminum alloy, industrial silicon, steel waste, waste zinc alloy and magnesium alloy waste, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy, the industrial silicon, the steel waste, the waste zinc alloy and the magnesium alloy waste is 88.98: 8: 0.5: 1: 1;
subjecting the recycled aluminum alloy to a heat treatment to melt the recycled aluminum alloy;
adding industrial silicon, waste copper alloy and steel waste into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, and heating to 780 ℃ to melt the industrial silicon, the waste copper alloy and the steel waste;
adding magnesium alloy waste and an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, heating to 710 ℃, and melting the magnesium alloy waste and the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy to obtain a mixed melt;
refining the mixed melt at the temperature of 720 ℃, and measuring the content of each component in the refined mixed melt; and
and when the content of each component in the refined mixed melt reaches the standard, performing die-casting treatment on the mixed melt to obtain the aluminum alloy of the third embodiment, wherein the aluminum alloy of the third embodiment contains 8% by mass of silicon, 0.5% by mass of iron, 0.5% by mass of copper, 1% by mass of zinc, 1% by mass of magnesium, 88.98% by mass of aluminum, 0.008% by mass of manganese, 0.005% by mass of nickel and 0.007% by mass of titanium.
The aluminum alloy of example three was tested for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture, and thermal conductivity. The test results are: the aluminum alloy of example three had a tensile strength of 370MPa, a yield strength of 255MPa, a post-fracture elongation of 3.5%, and a thermal conductivity of 150W/mK.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields without departing from the spirit of the present invention, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
providing regenerated aluminum alloy, industrial silicon, steel waste and magnesium alloy waste, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the industrial silicon to the steel waste to the magnesium alloy waste is 78-90.6: 6-15: 0.1-1: 0.2 to 3;
subjecting the recycled aluminum alloy to a heat treatment to melt the recycled aluminum alloy;
adding industrial silicon and steel waste into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, and heating to 780-820 ℃ to melt the industrial silicon and the steel waste;
reducing the temperature of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy to 710-730 ℃, adding magnesium alloy waste into the molten regenerated aluminum alloy, and melting the magnesium alloy waste to obtain a mixed melt;
refining the mixed melt at the temperature of 710-730 ℃, and measuring the content of each component in the refined mixed melt;
and when the content of each component in the refined mixed melt reaches the standard, cooling the mixed melt to obtain the aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy contains 6-15% by mass of silicon, 0.1-1% by mass of iron, 0.4-2% by mass of magnesium and 78-90.6% by mass of aluminum.
2. The method of producing an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
and when the content of each component in the refined mixed melt is not up to the standard, refining the mixed melt at 710-730 ℃, measuring the content of each component in the refined mixed melt, and repeating the steps until the content of each component in the refined mixed melt is up to the standard.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein the refined mixed melt contains the following components in percentage by mass: the mass percent of silicon is 6-15%, the mass percent of iron is 0.1-1%, the mass percent of magnesium is 0.4-2%, the mass percent of aluminum is 78-90.6%, and the mass percent of impurities is 0-0.2%.
4. The method of producing an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method of producing an aluminum alloy further comprises the steps of, after the heating treatment of the recycled aluminum alloy to melt the recycled aluminum alloy and before the addition of industrial silicon and steel scrap to the molten recycled aluminum alloy:
heating the temperature of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy to 710-730 ℃, and carrying out deslagging and refining treatment;
measuring the components and contents of the molten secondary aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment; and
when the components and the contents of the molten recycled aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment reach the standard, the amounts of industrial silicon, steel waste and magnesium alloy waste added into the molten recycled aluminum alloy are adjusted according to the components and the contents of the molten recycled aluminum alloy.
5. The method of producing an aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein after the components and contents of the molten recycled aluminum alloy after the deslagging and refining treatment are measured, the method of producing an aluminum alloy further comprises the steps of:
when the components and the content of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment do not meet the standard, deslagging and refining treatment are carried out on the molten regenerated aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment again, the steps are repeated until the components and the content of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy after deslagging and refining treatment meet the standard, and the amount of industrial silicon, steel waste and magnesium alloy waste added into the molten regenerated aluminum alloy is adjusted according to the components and the content of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy.
6. The method for producing an aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein the criteria for measuring the components and their contents contained in the molten secondary aluminum alloy after the slag removal and refining treatment are: 0.1-18% of silicon, 0.1-2.0% of iron, 0.01-3.0% of magnesium, 81.8-97.8% of aluminum and 0.001-0.2% of impurities.
7. The method of producing an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
providing a waste copper alloy and/or a waste zinc alloy, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the waste copper is 1: 0.01-2, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the waste zinc alloy is 1: 0.01 to 2; and
adding industrial silicon, waste steel, waste copper alloy and/or waste zinc alloy into the molten secondary aluminum alloy, and heating to 780-820 ℃ to melt the industrial silicon, the waste copper alloy, the waste steel and/or the waste zinc alloy.
8. The method of producing an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
providing an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy and/or an aluminum-boron intermediate alloy, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy is 1: 0.001-0.1, wherein the mass ratio of the regenerated aluminum alloy to the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is 1: 0.001 to 0.1; and
and reducing the temperature of the molten regenerated aluminum alloy to 710-730 ℃, adding magnesium alloy waste, an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy and/or an aluminum-boron intermediate alloy into the molten regenerated aluminum alloy, and melting the magnesium alloy waste, the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy and/or the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy to obtain a mixed melt.
9. An aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising 6-15% by mass of silicon, 0.1-1% by mass of iron, 0.4-2% by mass of magnesium and 78-90.6% by mass of aluminum.
10. The aluminum alloy according to claim 9, further comprising 0.01 to 2 mass% of copper; and/or the aluminum alloy further contains 0.01-2% by mass of zinc; and/or the aluminum alloy further contains 0.001-0.1 mass percent of strontium; and/or the aluminum alloy further contains 0.001-0.1 mass% of boron.
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| CN116790895A (en) * | 2023-07-01 | 2023-09-22 | 常州市凯宏铝业有限公司 | Method for removing impurities from waste aluminum materials in production of regenerated aluminum plates |
| CN117488147A (en) * | 2023-10-29 | 2024-02-02 | 安徽新太合金有限公司 | Heat treatment-free regenerated aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
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