CN115918442A - Oyster mushroom culture medium and oyster mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents
Oyster mushroom culture medium and oyster mushroom cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115918442A CN115918442A CN202310059956.8A CN202310059956A CN115918442A CN 115918442 A CN115918442 A CN 115918442A CN 202310059956 A CN202310059956 A CN 202310059956A CN 115918442 A CN115918442 A CN 115918442A
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Abstract
The invention provides an oyster mushroom culture medium and an oyster mushroom cultivation method. The raw materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 10-40% of poplar, 5-20% of palm residue, 20-60% of corncob, 5-20% of beanstalk, 3-10% of soybean hull, 5-15% of bran, 2-8% of corn flour, 1-2% of gypsum, 1-2% of lime and 0.1-0.5% of potassium salt. The culture medium for the oyster mushrooms provided by the invention can obviously improve the fruiting quality of the first two tides of the oyster mushrooms, and the fruiting yield of the first two tides is stable. The oyster mushroom culture medium provided by the invention can achieve better mushroom quality in different fruiting environments, has longer storage time, is suitable for different environments in the south and north, and is beneficial to improving the quality grade and economic benefit of oyster mushroom planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of edible fungi, and particularly relates to an oyster mushroom culture medium and an oyster mushroom cultivation method.
Background
Pleurotus ostreatus is a species of Pleurotaceae of Agaricales under Basidiomycotina, and is a common edible fungus. Belongs to Pleurotus of Pleurotaceae of Agaricales of Basidiomycetes of Eumycota in biological taxonomy, and can be cultivated widely. The oyster mushroom contains rich nutrients, high protein content, complete amino acid components and rich mineral matter content. It also contains rich vitamin B group and 14 trace elements of K, na, ca, mg, mn, cu, zn and S.
The cultivation raw materials used for planting the oyster mushrooms comprise cottonseed hulls, corncobs, sawdust, soybean hulls, bran, corn flour, gypsum, lime and the like as main materials, wherein the sawdust is usually made of soft wood and is easy to decompose hyphae. At present, the oyster mushroom cultivation formula mainly comprising cottonseed hulls and corncobs is simply used, the proportion of high-quality oyster mushrooms in two tides is about 80-85% in oyster mushroom farmers, and the proportion of high-quality oyster mushrooms in industrial cultivation is about 85-90%. The technical difficulty exists in improving the quality of the oyster mushrooms through the optimization of fruiting parameters in the same fruiting environment. The oyster mushroom with good quality has higher requirements on the shape and color of the mushroom surface, the quality shape of the oyster mushroom cultivated by a common grower is difficult to guarantee, the oyster mushroom is easy to open, the color of the mushroom surface is poor, the degree of finish of a pileus is poor, the integral consistency is poor, the commodity value is greatly reduced, and the technical problem of improving the quality of the oyster mushroom exists.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oyster mushroom culture medium and an oyster mushroom cultivation method to solve the technical problems.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides an oyster mushroom culture medium, wherein raw materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 10-40% of poplar, 5-20% of palm residue, 20-60% of corncob, 5-20% of beanstalk, 3-10% of soybean hull, 5-15% of bran, 2-8% of corn flour, 1-2% of gypsum, 1-2% of lime and 0.1-0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
10-40% of poplar wood, 5-20% of palm residue, 20-35% of corncob, 10-20% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt;
preferably, the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 10% of poplar, 20% of palm residue, 31.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 20% of poplar, 15% of palm residue, 26.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 30% of poplar, 10% of palm residue, 21.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 40% of poplar, 5% of palm residue, 16.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the potassium salt is selected from at least one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, and potassium sulfate.
In one embodiment, the moisture content of the oyster mushroom culture medium is 60-70% based on 100% of the total weight of the oyster mushroom culture medium;
preferably, the moisture content of the oyster mushroom culture medium is 67%.
The invention also provides an oyster mushroom cultivation method which is carried out by using the oyster mushroom culture medium. Which comprises the following steps: crushing dry oyster mushroom culture medium raw materials, uniformly mixing, adjusting water content, bagging and sterilizing, inoculating oyster mushroom strains on sterilized mushroom sticks, culturing the mushroom sticks for 27 days, after-ripening the mushroom sticks during culturing, fruiting the mushroom sticks after the mushroom sticks are ripe, culturing the mushrooms for 3-7 days after the first tide of fruiting is finished, and injecting a proper amount of water into the mushroom sticks after the first tide of fruiting is finished to carry out the second tide of fruiting.
In one embodiment, the cultivation method is carried out at a cultivation temperature of 24-26 ℃.
In one embodiment, the cultivation method further comprises performing dark light cultivation during the cultivation.
In one embodiment, the cultivation method comprises post-ripening for 3-7 days after the fungus sticks are filled with the bags; further preferably, the number of days of after ripening in the cultivation method is 7 days.
In one embodiment, the cultivation method comprises fruiting at 10-25 deg.C; further preferably, the cultivation method comprises fruiting at 12-15 ℃.
In one embodiment, the cultivation method further comprises the steps of adopting a straight-line-shaped fruiting cutting opening, namely adopting a straight-line-shaped cutting opening mode in the fruiting process;
preferably, the length of the fruiting cutting opening in the cultivation method is 5-7 cm;
further preferably, the position of the fruiting cut in the cultivation method is a bag head of the edible fungi. Through the improvement of the oyster mushroom formula and the change of the cutting mode of the fruiting of the oyster mushroom, the mushroom quality of the oyster mushroom is improved.
The oyster mushroom culture medium is obtained by researching various material components of oyster mushrooms and through various formula collocation tests. The oyster mushroom culture medium provided by the invention uses a novel culture medium, changes the material proportion in the oyster mushroom formula, and effectively improves the fruiting quality of the first two tides of oyster mushrooms. In the process of oyster mushroom cultivation, the culture medium provided by the invention is adopted, and a linear cutting mode is adopted at the bag opening in the fruiting process, so that the bud formation consistency degree of oyster mushrooms is effectively improved, the uniform and consistent color and luster of the mushroom surfaces and the smooth and clean mushroom cap are realized, and the quality of the oyster mushrooms is improved.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the oyster mushroom culture medium provided by the invention is comprehensive in nutrition, and the oyster mushroom culture medium provided by the invention is used for cultivation, so that the growth speed of oyster mushrooms in a hypha cultivation stage is increased, the fruiting quality of the first two tides of the oyster mushrooms is improved, the proportion of first-grade mushrooms is increased, and the storage period of fresh oyster mushrooms is prolonged. The oyster mushroom culture medium provided by the invention is simultaneously suitable for industrial production and oyster mushroom growers. In actual production, the oyster mushroom culture medium provided by the invention can ensure that the mushroom stick state is better, the fruiting yield is more stable, and the quality and the economic benefit of oyster mushrooms can be obviously improved.
Drawings
To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the statistics of the fruiting yields of the first two tides in the examples and the comparative examples.
FIG. 2 is a statistical chart of the first two climbs of fruiting in the examples and comparative examples.
FIG. 3 is a statistical chart of the number of days of fresh oyster mushroom storage.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in order to clearly understand the technical features, objects, and advantages of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the practical scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an oyster mushroom culture medium, wherein raw materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 10-40% of poplar, 5-20% of palm residue, 20-60% of corncob, 5-20% of beanstalk, 3-10% of soybean hull, 5-15% of bran, 2-8% of corn flour, 1-2% of gypsum, 1-2% of lime and 0.1-0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 10-40% of poplar, 5-20% of palm residue, 20-35% of corncob, 10-20% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
According to the invention, the oyster mushroom culture medium formula with high proportion of two tide oyster mushrooms and first-grade oyster mushrooms is obtained by adjusting the oyster mushroom culture medium formula and controlling the adding proportion of various raw and auxiliary materials in the formula. When the oyster mushroom culture medium provided by the invention is used for oyster mushroom cultivation, the highest proportion of the produced first-class mushrooms can reach 98%. Actual production proves that the quality of the oyster mushroom cultured by the oyster mushroom culture medium provided by the invention is obviously improved, and the yield of the oyster mushroom is relatively stable. The oyster mushroom cultivated by the oyster mushroom culture medium is more storage-resistant, the storage time of fresh oyster mushroom under the refrigeration condition is prolonged, and the economic benefit is obviously improved compared with the existing culture medium.
The oyster mushroom mycelia are used for decomposing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in wood to obtain a carbon source required by the oyster mushroom mycelia, poplar wood, corncobs, bean straws and palm residues (carbon source materials) are selected, the poplar wood is made of poplar wood chips, the poplar wood is soft in texture and easy for mycelia decomposition, the corncobs are good in water absorption and can keep moisture not easy to dissipate, the bean straws are soft and can guarantee porosity inside a fungus stick, the content of minerals in the bean straws is rich, and the palm residues are rich in crude fibers and beneficial to decomposition of the oyster mushroom mycelia. According to the oyster mushroom culture medium, the oyster mushroom mycelia obtained by cultivation are thick, white and stout in growth through the matching of the materials, a large amount of carbon source nutrition can be gathered for fruiting of fruiting bodies, and the fruiting quality of the fruiting bodies is guaranteed.
The poplar is the most widely distributed and most adaptable tree species in the world. The trunk is generally straight; the bark is smooth or longitudinally split and is usually off-white. The poplar has fast growth speed and short felling period. The method has the advantages that the edible fungi planted by the poplar are convenient to obtain, the carbon source in the poplar is rich in nutrition and soft in material quality, the method is very suitable for growth of oyster mushroom hyphae, the oyster mushroom culture growth period is short, and the oyster mushroom hyphae are easy to decompose and absorb nutrition.
The corn cob is produced by threshing corn cob and strictly screening, has the advantages of uniform tissue, proper hardness, good toughness, strong water absorption, good wear resistance and the like, and is easy to break in the using process. The corn cob is rich in nutrition, and contains a large amount of nutrients such as cellulose, hemicellulose, crude protein, crude fat and mineral substances. The corn cob has wide corn planting area and wide corn source. The oyster mushroom is used as saprophytic bacteria, the moisture retention performance of the culture medium can be improved by adding the corncobs into the culture medium, and the oyster mushroom hyphae can well utilize the nutrient components in the corncobs and are beneficial to the growth of the hyphae.
The beanstalk is the straw of the threshed leguminous crops, contains rich nutrients such as cellulose and the like, and has wide sources. According to the invention, the beanstalk added in the formula in a certain proportion has a certain effect of improving the yield of the oyster mushroom, and the beanstalk can increase the gaps of the culture medium and is beneficial to the growth of oyster mushroom hyphae.
The palm dregs are the by-products of palm kernel after shelling and oil extracting, the shape and the color are similar to rapeseed dregs, and the smell is slightly chocolate smell. According to the invention, the palm residues are used in the culture medium, the palm residues contain a large amount of crude fibers and crude proteins, and the oyster mushroom can well utilize the cellulose and the proteins in the oyster mushroom, so that the method plays a key role in improving the mushroom quality of the oyster mushroom.
The cottonseed hull, also called cotton hull, is the hull left after the cottonseed is separated by a husking machine. According to different types of husking machines, different varieties of cotton seeds, different producing areas, different water contents, different sieving degrees of broken cotton seed powder after husking and the like. The processed cottonseed hulls have different sizes, colors, cotton linters lengths and nutritional ingredients (containing cotton seed powder). In recent years, the cottonseed hulls are mainly used for cultivating edible fungi, but the original price cost is higher, and the cultivation benefit of the edible fungi is seriously influenced.
Wheat bran, also called wheat bran, is the seed coat sieved after grinding wheat flour. Bran is rich in fiber, aleurone, and some minerals and vitamins.
The soybean hulls are byproducts generated in soybean processing, contain a large amount of crude protein, are main raw materials for providing a nitrogen source, and provide rich nutrient substances for the growth of edible fungus hyphae.
The corn flour contains rich nutrients, such as lecithin, linoleic acid, grain alcohol, vitamin E, cellulose and the like.
The soybean hulls, the bran and the corn flour added in the formula of the culture medium composition are used as nitrogen sources, so that the nutrition for the growth of the hyphae is provided, the accumulation of the protein in the hyphae is facilitated, and the yield of fruiting is improved.
The gypsum can be gypsum and/or anhydrite, the gypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate, and the anhydrite is anhydrous calcium sulfate.
Lime is calcium oxide, also known as quicklime or lime. The invention supplements the calcium source by adding gypsum and lime.
The potassium salt is used as an inorganic salt nutrient element and is beneficial to the growth and the strengthening of hypha, and the potassium salt added into the culture medium has an auxiliary effect on the growth of sporocarp and the fruiting yield.
The culture medium provided by the invention is simple in formula and high in efficiency, is suitable for industrial production and oyster mushroom growers, and has the effect of obviously improving the quality of oyster mushrooms. The raw materials of the culture medium are green, environment-friendly and pollution-free, and the method is favorable for realizing the utilization of agricultural wastes and developing agricultural circular economy.
The research of the invention finds that the raw materials adopting the formula can solve the problems of poor quality of the oyster mushroom, low grade rate of the oyster mushroom and poor storage tolerance of the oyster mushroom after harvesting in the prior art.
In one embodiment, the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 10% of poplar, 20% of palm residue, 31.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry material comprises the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 20% of poplar, 15% of palm residue, 26.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry material comprises the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 30% of poplar, 10% of palm residue, 21.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the dry material comprises the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 40% of poplar, 5% of palm residue, 16.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
In one embodiment, the potassium salt is selected from at least one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, and potassium sulfate;
preferably, the potassium salt is a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate; preferably, the potassium salt is potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
In other embodiments, the potassium salt may be selected according to actual production needs, and is not limited to the listed types.
In one embodiment, the moisture content of the oyster mushroom culture medium is 60 to 70% based on 100% by weight of the total oyster mushroom culture medium; preferably, the moisture content of the oyster mushroom culture medium is 67%. When the water content of the oyster mushroom culture medium is within the range, the fruiting quality of the first two tides of oyster mushrooms is good, and the grade rate of the oyster mushrooms is high.
The invention also provides a method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by using the oyster mushroom culture medium, which comprises the following steps: crushing dry materials of an oyster mushroom culture medium, uniformly mixing, adjusting water content, bagging and sterilizing, inoculating oyster mushroom strains on sterilized mushroom sticks, culturing the mushroom sticks for 27 days, after-ripening the mushroom sticks during the culture, fruiting the mushroom sticks after the mushroom sticks are ripe, culturing the mushrooms for 3-7 days after the first tide of fruiting is finished, and injecting proper amount of water into the mushroom sticks after the mushroom culturing is finished to perform the second tide of fruiting.
The oyster mushroom strain used in the embodiment of the invention is oyster mushroom strain P2 provided by Shandong Qihe Biotech Co., ltd. However, the strain to which the present invention is applicable is not limited thereto.
In other embodiments, oyster mushroom 3015, oyster mushroom 3802, oyster mushroom macrophyll 39, oyster mushroom june ash, oyster mushroom xintai-3, and the like can also be cultivated by using the culture medium provided by the present invention.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the above incubation is 24-26 ℃. The culture temperature can be adaptively adjusted according to the type of the strain to be cultured, and is not limited to the culture temperature provided by the present invention. The culture medium can ensure that multiple strains grow at a proper culture temperature, is suitable for a high-temperature fruiting environment, and solves the problems of poor fruiting quality, low yield and irregular fruiting caused by high culture temperature in southern areas.
In one embodiment, the cultivation method further comprises culturing the mushroom rods in dark light during the culturing period. So that the hyphae of the fungus sticks grow thickly, white and stout. And (4) after the fungus sticks are mature, storing for 48 hours at a low temperature of minus 2 ℃, discharging the fungus sticks out of the fungus shed for fruiting, and after the fungus sticks are put on the shelf, recovering hyphae and performing a cutting operation. And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 3-7 days after the first tide of fruiting is finished, and injecting water into the mushroom sticks in a proper amount to form a second tide after the first tide of fruiting is finished.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an oyster mushroom culture medium and an oyster mushroom cultivation method based on the culture medium.
The embodiment provides an oyster mushroom culture medium, wherein raw materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
10% of poplar, 20% of palm residue, 31.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
The method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by adopting the oyster mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
pulverizing dried poplar (3-10 mm sheet), pulverizing beanstalk into 2-3cm, mixing palm residue with bran, soaking corn cob in water, mixing soybean hull, bran, corn flour, gypsum, lime and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring, adjusting water content of the culture medium to 67%, and adjusting pH of the culture medium to 10.
The bag is packed by a horizontal semi-automatic pocket-opening bagging machine, the fungus sticks are selected from low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag packing with the folding diameter of 18 cm, the material height is 20-21 cm, and the weight of the fungus sticks is about 1.35 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 6 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized fungus sticks to the seven river P2 oyster mushroom strains, wherein the inoculation amount is 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated fungus sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 25 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and culturing in dark light during the culture period. And (3) after the fungus sticks are mature, storing for 48 hours at a low temperature of minus 2 ℃, discharging the fungus shed for fruiting, putting the fungus sticks on the shelf, recovering hyphae, and performing notch cutting operation, wherein the notch cutting mode is in a straight line shape, the length of the notch is 5-7 cm, the notch position is in the notch fungus bag head, and the fruiting temperature is controlled within the range of 12-15 ℃.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 3-7 days after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks in a proper amount to form a second tide after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, and counting the fruiting yields and fruiting days of the first and second tides.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an oyster mushroom culture medium and an oyster mushroom cultivation method based on the culture medium.
The embodiment provides an oyster mushroom culture medium, wherein raw materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
20% of poplar, 15% of palm residue, 26.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
The method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by adopting the oyster mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
pulverizing dried poplar (into 3-10mm pieces), pulverizing beanstalk into 2-3cm, mixing palm residue with bran, soaking corn cob in water, mixing soybean hull, bran, corn flour, gypsum, lime and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring, adjusting water content of the culture medium to 67%, and adjusting pH of the culture medium to 10.
The fungus stick is bagged by a horizontal semi-automatic mouth-nesting bagging machine, the low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag filler with the folding diameter of 18 cm is selected as the fungus stick, the material height is 20-21 cm, and the weight of the fungus stick is about 1.35 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 6 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized fungus sticks to the seven river P2 oyster mushroom strains, wherein the inoculation amount is 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated fungus sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 25 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and culturing in dark light during the culture period. And (3) after the fungus sticks are mature, storing for 48 hours at a low temperature of minus 2 ℃, discharging the fungus shed for fruiting, putting the fungus sticks on the shelf, recovering hyphae, and performing notch cutting operation, wherein the notch cutting mode is in a straight line shape, the length of the notch is 5-7 cm, the notch position is in the notch fungus bag head, and the fruiting temperature is controlled within the range of 12-15 ℃.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 3-7 days after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks in a proper amount to form a second tide after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, and counting the fruiting yields and fruiting days of the first and second tides.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an oyster mushroom culture medium and an oyster mushroom cultivation method based on the culture medium.
The embodiment provides an oyster mushroom culture medium, wherein raw materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
30% of poplar, 10% of palm residue, 21.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
The method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by adopting the oyster mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
pulverizing dried poplar (3-10 mm sheet), pulverizing beanstalk into 2-3cm, mixing palm residue with bran, soaking corn cob in water, mixing soybean hull, bran, corn flour, gypsum, lime and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring, adjusting water content of the culture medium to 67%, and adjusting pH of the culture medium to 10.
The bag is packed by a horizontal semi-automatic pocket-opening bagging machine, the fungus sticks are selected from low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag packing with the folding diameter of 18 cm, the material height is 20-21 cm, and the weight of the fungus sticks is about 1.35 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 6 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized fungus sticks to the seven river P2 oyster mushroom strains, wherein the inoculation amount is 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated fungus sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 25 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and culturing in dark light during the culture period. And (3) after the fungus sticks are mature, storing for 48 hours at a low temperature of minus 2 ℃, discharging the fungus shed for fruiting, putting the fungus sticks on the shelf, recovering hyphae, and performing notch cutting operation, wherein the notch cutting mode is in a straight line shape, the length of the notch is 5-7 cm, the notch position is in the notch fungus bag head, and the fruiting temperature is controlled within the range of 12-15 ℃.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 3-7 days after the first tide of mushrooms are finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks in a proper amount to form a second tide after the first tide of mushrooms and the second tide of mushrooms are finished, and counting the fruiting yields and the fruiting days of the first tide and the second tide of mushrooms.
Example 4
The embodiment provides an oyster mushroom culture medium and an oyster mushroom cultivation method based on the culture medium.
The embodiment provides an oyster mushroom culture medium, wherein raw materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
40% of poplar, 5% of palm residue, 16.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
The method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by adopting the oyster mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
pulverizing dried poplar (3-10 mm sheet), pulverizing beanstalk into 2-3cm, mixing palm residue with bran, soaking corn cob in water, mixing soybean hull, bran, corn flour, gypsum, lime and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring, adjusting water content of the culture medium to 67%, and adjusting pH of the culture medium to 10.
The fungus stick is bagged by a horizontal semi-automatic mouth-nesting bagging machine, the low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag filler with the folding diameter of 18 cm is selected as the fungus stick, the material height is 20-21 cm, and the weight of the fungus stick is about 1.35 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 6 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized fungus sticks to the seven river P2 oyster mushroom strains, wherein the inoculation amount is 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated fungus sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 25 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and culturing in dark light during the culture period. And (3) after the fungus sticks are mature, storing for 48 hours at a low temperature of minus 2 ℃, discharging the fungus shed for fruiting, putting the fungus sticks on the shelf, recovering hyphae, and performing notch cutting operation, wherein the notch cutting mode is in a straight line shape, the length of the notch is 5-7 cm, the notch position is in the notch fungus bag head, and the fruiting temperature is controlled within the range of 12-15 ℃.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 3-7 days after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks in a proper amount to form a second tide after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, and counting the fruiting yields and fruiting days of the first and second tides.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides an oyster mushroom culture medium and an oyster mushroom cultivation method based on the culture medium.
The raw materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
20% of cottonseed hulls, 51.5% of corncobs, 5% of beanstalks, 6% of soybean hulls, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
The method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by adopting the oyster mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
soaking corncob in water, mixing with soybean hull, bran, corn flour, gypsum, lime and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring, adjusting the water content of the culture medium to 67%, and adjusting the pH of the culture medium to 10.
The fungus stick is bagged by a horizontal semi-automatic mouth-nesting bagging machine, the low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag filler with the folding diameter of 18 cm is selected as the fungus stick, the material height is 20-21 cm, and the weight of the fungus stick is about 1.35 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 6 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized fungus sticks to the seven river P2 oyster mushroom strains, wherein the inoculation amount is 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated fungus sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 25 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and culturing in dark light during the culture period. And (3) after the fungus sticks are mature, storing for 48 hours at a low temperature of minus 2 ℃, discharging the fungus shed for fruiting, putting the fungus sticks on the fungus shed, recovering hyphae, and performing a cutting operation, wherein the fruiting cutting mode is cross, the cutting length is 4-5 cm, the cutting position is in the bag body of the fungus bag, and the fruiting temperature is controlled within the range of 10-15 ℃.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 3-7 days after the first tide of mushrooms are finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks in a proper amount to form a second tide after the first tide of mushrooms and the second tide of mushrooms are finished, and counting the fruiting yields and the fruiting days of the first tide and the second tide of mushrooms.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides an oyster mushroom culture medium and an oyster mushroom cultivation method based on the culture medium.
The raw materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
30% of cotton seed hulls, 41.5% of corn cobs, 5% of beanstalks, 6% of soybean hulls, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
The method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by adopting the oyster mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
soaking corncob in water, mixing with soybean hull, bran, corn flour, gypsum, lime and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring, adjusting the water content of the culture medium to 67%, and adjusting the pH of the culture medium to 10.
The bag is packed by a horizontal semi-automatic pocket-opening bagging machine, the fungus sticks are selected from low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag packing with the folding diameter of 18 cm, the material height is 20-21 cm, and the weight of the fungus sticks is about 1.35 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 6 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized fungus sticks to the seven river P2 oyster mushroom strains, wherein the inoculation amount is 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated fungus sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 25 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and culturing in dark light during the culture period. And (3) storing the mushroom sticks at the low temperature of minus 2 ℃ for 48 hours after the mushroom sticks are mature, discharging the mushroom sheds for fruiting, enabling hyphae to recover and performing a notch cutting operation after the mushroom sticks are put on shelves, wherein the notch cutting mode is cross, the notch length is 4-5 cm, the notch position is in the notch fungus bag body, and the fruiting temperature is controlled within the range of 10-15 ℃.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 3-7 days after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks in a proper amount to form a second tide after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, and counting the fruiting yields and fruiting days of the first and second tides.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides an oyster mushroom culture medium and an oyster mushroom cultivation method based on the culture medium.
The raw materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium comprise dry materials, wherein the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent:
40% of cotton seed hulls, 31.5% of corncobs, 5% of beanstalks, 6% of soybean hulls, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
The method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by adopting the oyster mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
soaking corncobs serving as raw materials in water, mixing the corncobs, soybean hulls, bran, corn flour, gypsum, lime and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring the mixture, adjusting the water content of the culture medium to 67%, and adjusting the pH of the culture medium to 10.
The fungus stick is bagged by a horizontal semi-automatic mouth-nesting bagging machine, the low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag filler with the folding diameter of 18 cm is selected as the fungus stick, the material height is 20-21 cm, and the weight of the fungus stick is about 1.35 kg.
The prepared mushroom sticks were then sterilized at 117 ℃ for 6 hours using an autoclave. Inoculating the sterilized fungus sticks to the seven river P2 oyster mushroom strains, wherein the inoculation amount is 30-40 g/stick, placing the inoculated fungus sticks in a culture greenhouse to culture for 25 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and culturing in dark light during the culture period. And (3) after the fungus sticks are mature, storing for 48 hours at a low temperature of minus 2 ℃, discharging the fungus shed for fruiting, putting the fungus sticks on the fungus shed, recovering hyphae, and performing a cutting operation, wherein the fruiting cutting mode is cross, the cutting length is 4-5 cm, the cutting position is in the bag body of the fungus bag, and the fruiting temperature is controlled within the range of 10-15 ℃.
And (4) cultivating the mushrooms for 3-7 days after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, injecting water into the mushroom sticks in a proper amount to form a second tide after the first tide of mushrooms is finished, and counting the fruiting yields and fruiting days of the first and second tides.
Experimental example 1
This experimental example provides the yield obtained from the first two tides of fruiting in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3.
The method comprises the steps of inoculating, warehousing and culturing according to examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3, taking out of a warehouse, putting on a shelf and fruiting after culturing for 25 days, recording the states of various groups of bacteria sticks in a culturing stage, and recording the fruiting first-tide and second-tide fruiting yields of various groups of formula bacteria sticks.
As shown in FIG. 1, the first and second tide yields of examples 1-4 are significantly higher than those of comparative examples 1-3, especially the first two tide yields of example 3 reach 640 g; secondly, example 4, the yield of the first two tides of example 4 reaches 628 g; example 2 the first two times of fruiting yield reaches 620 g; in example 1, the fruiting yield of the first two tides reaches 611 g; whereas the first two tides yield of comparative example 1 was 591 grams, the first two tides yield of comparative example 2 was 590 grams, and the first two tides yield of comparative example 3 was 574 grams. The yield of the oyster mushroom culture medium and the cultivation method provided by the invention is higher than that of a comparative example, and the yield is stable.
Experimental example 2
The experimental example provides the proportion of the first-grade mushroom in the oyster mushrooms obtained in the first two times of fruiting in the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-3.
Taking the mature oyster mushroom sticks of the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, putting the oyster mushroom sticks on a shelf for fruiting, and recording the fruiting yields of the first tide and the second tide and the proportion of the first-level fresh mushrooms, wherein the statistical standard of the first-level fresh mushrooms is in accordance with the first-level fresh mushroom standard recorded in the agricultural industry standard NY/T2715-2015 "oyster mushroom grade specification" of the people's republic of China.
The primary mushroom proportion data is shown in fig. 2. In FIG. 2, it can be seen that the first-grade mushrooms in examples 1-4 all have a ratio of more than 93%. Wherein, the proportion of the first-class mushrooms cultivated by the culture medium provided by the embodiment 3 is the highest and reaches 98%, and then the proportion of the first-class mushrooms in the embodiment 4 is 96%, the proportion of the first-class mushrooms in the embodiment 2 is 95%, and the proportion of the first-class mushrooms in the embodiment 1 is 93%. The proportion of first-class mushrooms in comparative example 1 is 90%, the proportion of first-class mushrooms in comparative example 2 is 87%, and the proportion of first-class mushrooms in comparative example 3 is 84%. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the first two tides of the first mushroom ratio of the medium provided in example 3 are the highest.
Experimental example 3
This experimental example provides the number of days to fill the bag and the evaluation of the mycelia in the cultivation of Pleurotus Ostreatus in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3.
In this experimental example, the number of days of full bagging and the evaluation of hyphae in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
| Number of days of filling the bag | Hypha of Chinese cabbage | |
| Example 1 | 20 | The hypha is white, thick and dense |
| Example 2 | 19 | The hypha is white, thick and dense |
| Example 3 | 18 | The hypha is white, thick and dense |
| Example 4 | 19 | The hypha is white, thick and dense |
| Comparative example 1 | 21 | The hypha is white and dense |
| Comparative example 2 | 21 | The hypha is white and dense |
| Comparative example 3 | 22 | The mycelium is white and dense |
As shown in Table 1, the number of full bags and the number of hyphae were evaluated, and the number of full bags was 18 days as the shortest as in example 3, 19 days as in examples 2 and 4, 20 days as in example 1, 21 days as in comparative examples 1 and 2, and 22 days as in comparative example 3. The hyphae of the examples 1-4 are white, the hyphae are thick, the whole growth speed is high, the growth vigor is good, the hyphae of the comparative examples 1-3 are white and thick, and the whole growth vigor is worse than that of the examples. The oyster mushroom culture medium and the cultivation method provided by the invention can obviously improve the growth density and growth speed of hyphae.
Experimental example 4
This experimental example provides the evaluation results of the morphology and the surface color of the oyster mushrooms produced in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3.
In this experimental example, the morphology and the color of the mushroom surface of fresh mushrooms of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were evaluated as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
| Form of the composition | Color of mushroom surface | |
| Example 1 | The pileus has slightly flattened edge and fleshy mushroom | Uniform color, bright and clean pileus |
| Example 2 | The mushroom cap edge is slightly flat and the mushroom flesh is fat | Uniform color, bright and clean pileus |
| Example 3 | The mushroom cap edge is slightly flat and the mushroom flesh is fat | Uniform color, bright and clean pileus |
| Example 4 | The mushroom cap edge is slightly flat and the mushroom flesh is fat | Uniform color, bright and clean pileus |
| Comparative example 1 | The mushroom cap edge is flat and the mushroom flesh is thick | The color is basically uniform and consistent, and the pileus is bright and clean |
| Comparative example 2 | The mushroom cap edge is flat and the mushroom flesh is thick | The color is basically uniform and consistent, and the pileus is bright and clean |
| Comparative example 3 | The mushroom cap edge is flat and the mushroom flesh is thick | The color is basically uniform and consistent, and the pileus is bright and clean |
As shown in Table 2, the morphology of fresh mushrooms and the color of the mushroom surface are evaluated, and in examples 1 to 4, the mushroom cap edges are slightly flat, the mushroom flesh is relatively thick, the color of the mushroom surface is uniform and consistent, and the mushroom cap is smooth and clean. The mushroom culture medium and the cultivation method provided by the invention can obviously improve the shape and the surface color of the fresh mushroom.
Experimental example 5
This experimental example provides the performance of fresh oyster mushrooms produced in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3 in refrigerated storage.
Fresh mushrooms picked in the experimental examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-3 during fruiting on shelves are placed in a refrigeration house at 2-6 ℃ for refrigeration, the storage-resistant time of the fresh mushrooms is verified, and the verification result is shown in figure 3.
In fig. 3 it is shown that the storage period of example 3 can be up to 10 days, the storage period of examples 2 and 4 is 9 days, the storage period of example 1 is 8 days and the storage period of comparative examples 1 and 3 is 6-7 days. The storage period of the fresh oyster mushrooms is relatively short, and the oyster mushroom culture medium and the cultivation method provided by the invention can obviously improve the storage period of the fresh oyster mushrooms.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The oyster mushroom culture medium comprises raw materials of a dried material;
the dried materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dried materials as 100 percent: 10-40% of poplar, 5-20% of palm residue, 20-60% of corncob, 5-20% of beanstalk, 3-10% of soybean hull, 5-15% of bran, 2-8% of corn flour, 1-2% of gypsum, 1-2% of lime and 0.1-0.5% of potassium salt.
2. The oyster mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the dried materials comprise the following components by weight percentage based on 100% of the total weight of the dried materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium:
10-40% of poplar wood, 5-20% of palm residue, 20-35% of corncob, 10-20% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt;
preferably, the dry materials comprise the following components by taking the total weight of the dry materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium as 100 percent: 10% of poplar, 20% of palm residue, 31.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
3. The oyster mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the dried materials comprise the following components by weight percentage based on 100% of the total weight of the dried materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium: 20% of poplar, 15% of palm residue, 26.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
4. The oyster mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the dried materials comprise the following components by weight percentage based on 100% of the total weight of the dried materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium: 30% of poplar, 10% of palm residue, 21.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
5. The oyster mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the dried materials comprise the following components by weight percentage based on 100% of the total weight of the dried materials of the oyster mushroom culture medium: 40% of poplar, 5% of palm residue, 16.5% of corncob, 15% of beanstalk, 6% of soybean hull, 10% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 0.5% of potassium salt.
6. The oyster mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the potassium salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, and potassium sulfate.
7. The oyster mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the oyster mushroom culture medium is 60 to 70%;
preferably, the moisture content of the oyster mushroom culture medium is 67%.
8. A method for cultivating oyster mushroom using the culture medium for oyster mushroom according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the cultivation method comprises cultivation at 24-25 ℃;
preferably, the cultivation method comprises the following steps of after-ripening for 3-7 days after the fungus sticks are fully bagged; further preferably, the number of days of after ripening in the cultivation method is 7 days;
preferably, the cultivation method comprises fruiting at 10-25 deg.C; further preferably, the cultivation method comprises fruiting at 12-15 ℃.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the cultivation method comprises a straight-line type fruiting cutting mode;
preferably, the length of the fruiting cutting opening in the cultivation method is 5-7 cm;
further preferably, the position of the fruiting cut in the cultivation method is a bag head of the edible fungi.
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