CN115916933A - 用于制备包含磷脂的无油组合物的方法 - Google Patents
用于制备包含磷脂的无油组合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115916933A CN115916933A CN202180038549.8A CN202180038549A CN115916933A CN 115916933 A CN115916933 A CN 115916933A CN 202180038549 A CN202180038549 A CN 202180038549A CN 115916933 A CN115916933 A CN 115916933A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
- A23D9/013—Other fatty acid esters, e.g. phosphatides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
- A23D9/04—Working-up
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/30—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/32—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G1/36—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the fats used
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J7/00—Phosphatide compositions for foodstuffs, e.g. lecithin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/10—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing emulsifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于从含油磷脂组合物中提取油的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:(a)提供所述含油磷脂组合物,所述组合物包含磷脂和油,相对于所述油组合物的总重量,所述油的量介于20重量%与80重量%之间;(b)将水与含油磷脂组合物混合以获得含水组合物,其中组合物与水的重量比介于6.0:1.0与1.3:1.0之间;(c)将所述含水组合物分离成富油级分和贫油级分,所述贫油级分包含水和磷脂;以及(d)去除所述分离的富油级分以获得包含磷脂的含水贫油级分;(e)任选地干燥所述含水贫油级分以获得包含磷脂的干燥贫油级分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于从包含磷脂的油组合物提取油的方法。本发明还涉及一种通过本发明的方法获得的包含磷脂的无油组合物,以及其在食品、饮料、营养产品、膳食补充剂、饲料、个人护理应用、药物应用和工业应用中的用途。
背景技术
含有磷脂的植物组合物是油生产的副产物。作为具有优异技术特性和营养生理特性的天然乳化剂,这些组合物在各种行业,具体地讲在食品工业中具有高价值。今天,已经超过8亿人每天消费含有磷脂的产品。越来越多的合成乳化剂和稳定剂被其替换。
对天然加工产品的需求(包括含有磷脂的那些)也在上升。在许多食品应用中,变化正在朝向使用更干净成分发生。具体地讲,含有磷脂的无油组合物由于其高乳化能力和优异的水分散性是非常可取的。遗憾的是,此类无油组合物通常使用有机溶剂(例如丙酮)生产,这对于某些产品而言是不可取的。因此,需要含有磷脂的更干净的无油组合物。
“脱胶”是对尤其是从原油中去除磷脂的方法所赋予的名称。简单的脱胶方法包括仅将水与油混合并将所得混合物分离成油组分以及含水组分,所述含水组分含有尤其是一些磷脂。此类方法的示例在CA-A-522398中给出,其中描述了用于米糠油的水脱胶方法。米糠油含有高比例的蜡,并且CA-A-522398中所述的方法包括将油/水混合物加热以使胶水合,然后缓慢冷却混合物以允许蜡晶体聚结,并且因此将其与含水组分分离。认为分离的含水组分或淤渣组分的再加热允许提取蜡以及夹带的油。
US-A-4 162 260中描述了从甘油三酯油中去除磷脂的另一种尝试,其中提出了通过在脱胶之前增加可水合磷脂的含量从甘油三酯油中去除杂质。
然而,已知的方法(诸如脱胶方法)中存在问题,因为很难提取大部分油。即使重复该方法多次,含有磷脂的组合物中仍然存在大量油。因此,需要一种能够提取大部分油含量并且提供基本上无油磷脂组合物的方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种从含油磷脂组合物中提取油的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供含油磷脂组合物,所述组合物包含磷脂和油,相对于所述油组合物的总重量,所述油的量介于20重量%与80重量%之间;
b)将水与含油磷脂组合物混合以获得含水组合物,其中组合物与水的重量比介于6.0:1.0与1.3:1.0之间;
c)将所述含水组合物分离成富油级分和贫油级分,所述贫油级分包含水和磷脂;以及
d)去除所述分离的富油级分以获得包含磷脂的含水贫油级分;
e)任选地干燥所述含水贫油级分以获得包含磷脂的干燥贫油级分。
本发明人观察到,根据本发明的方法(下文“本发明方法”)能够以高效且经济的方式生产包含磷脂的贫油组合物。具体地讲,通过本发明的方法获得的贫油组合物可含有一些残留的油,其量如此小,从而对于发明人的知识而言迄今为止从未实现。
根据下文给出的详细描述,本发明的其他优点将变得显而易见。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种用于从包含磷脂和油的组合物中提取油的方法(下文为本发明方法)。
含油磷脂组合物包含磷脂和油,相对于该油组合物的总重量,该油的量介于20重量%与80重量%之间。优选地,所述组合物含有的油的量介于25重量%与75重量%之间,最优选地介于30重量%与70重量%之间。
含油磷脂组合物可通过例如将原油脱胶从原油获得。原油可通过例如使用有机溶剂的压制或提取方法从植物、动物、藻类和/或微生物获得。已知热压和冷压方法用于回收原油。也可采用提取方法,例如己烷提取。然而,可预期各种不同的另选的供应变体。此处的原油不必要直接从活体中获得,但也可以如在煎炸油或工业油的情况下那样,已用于其预期目的一次或多次。具体地讲,如本文所用,术语“原油”涵盖生物来源的组合物,所述生物来源可得自植物、藻类、动物和/或微生物,并且相对于油的重量,其水含量优选地为至多10重量%,并且烷烃和/或环状芳烃和/或甘油一酯/甘油二酯/甘油三酯(酰基甘油酯)的级分为至少75重量%。
如果原油得自藻类,则所述藻类油优选地选自:富油新绿藻(Neochlorisoleoabundans)油、二形栅藻(Scenedesmus dimorphus)油、细小裸藻(Euglena gracilis)油、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)油、颗石藻(Pleurochrysis carterae)油、小定鞭藻(Prymnesium parvum)油、周氏扁藻(Tetraselmis chui)油、浮游生物(Tetraselmis suecica)油、等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)油、微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis salina)油、葡萄藻(Botryococcus braunii)油、杜氏藻(Dunaliellatertiolecta)油、微绿球藻(Nannochloris)油、螺旋藻(Spirulina)油、绿藻(Chlorophyceae)油、硅藻(Bacilliarophyta)油、或前述油的混合物。
优选地,原油为植物油。优选地,该植物油选自下列的油:阿萨伊油(acai oil)、棕榈油、杏仁油、巴巴苏油、黑醋栗籽油、琉璃苣籽油、菜籽油、腰果油、蓖麻油、椰子油、芫荽油、玉米油、棉籽油、深海两节荠籽油、亚麻籽油、葡萄籽油、榛果油、其他坚果油、麻疯果油、霍霍巴油、澳洲坚果油、芒果仁油、酢浆草油、芥子油、牛蹄油;、橄榄油、棕榈油、棕榈仁油、棕榈油精、花生油、美洲山核桃油、松仁油、开心果油、米胚芽油、红花油、山茶油、芝麻油、乳木果油、大豆油、向日葵油、妥尔油、椿油、核桃油,具有通过经基因修饰的生物体(GMO)或传统育种改良的脂肪酸组合物的“天然”级油,以及前述油的混合物。
最优选地,原油是选自下列的植物油:向日葵油、红花油、芥花油、菜籽油、米糠油、橄榄油、大豆油、玉米油、棉油、芝麻油、或棕榈油精、棕榈仁油、其对应的高油酸品种、以及它们中两种或更多种的混合物。就脂肪酸分布而言,高油酸品种是含有至少40%、至少50%、至少60%、至少70%、且优选地至少80%油酸的油。特别优选的液体油是向日葵油、菜籽油、大豆油、棕榈油精(单或双级分的)和棕榈仁油。
根据本发明使用的含油磷脂组合物的含量将取决于用作所述组合物由此获得的来源的原油。出于本发明的目的,该油组合物含有磷脂和介于20重量%与80重量%之间的油,该油是天然存在于原油中的油。该油组合物还可含有蜡、树胶、葡糖苷等和水。优选地,该油组合物含有相对于所述组合物的重量至多50重量%,更优选地至多35重量%,最优选地至多25重量%的水的量,前提条件是所述组合物中的油的量在所需范围内。优选地,所述水量为至少1重量%、更优选地至少3重量%、最优选地至少5重量%。
含油磷脂组合物含有磷脂。取决于原油,该油组合物中磷脂的性质和含量可变化。磷脂(也称为磷脂)是具有脂肪特性的含磷有机物质。磷脂分化成不可水合磷脂(NHP)和可水合磷脂(HP)。可水合或可部分水合磷脂的示例包括磷脂酰肌醇或其盐、磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺。不可水合磷脂的示例是磷脂酸的盐(例如其钙盐或镁盐)。磷脂的典型阳离子的示例是钠、钾、钙等。
优选地,含油磷脂组合物通过原油的脱胶操作从原油获得。在该操作中,通常将水添加到原油中以使磷脂沉淀并帮助其从原油中去除。在磷脂可水合的情况下,通过向原油添加水来将其水合。沉淀的磷脂可从油中离心分离。不可水合磷脂可例如通过添加酸转化为可水合形式,和/或可通过过滤或使用溶剂去除它们。具体地讲,添加酸可包括添加稀释酸或同样优选地,添加浓酸结合后续添加水。添加酸被称为酸脱胶,而添加水被称为水脱胶。优选地,酸脱胶通过将酸或酸酐分散在原油中来进行,所述酸或酸酸酐具有至少0.5的pH,如在20℃下在摩尔水溶液中所测量的,将按所述原油的重量计,0.2%至5%水分散在如此获得的混合物中,并将所得混合物在低于40℃的温度下保持至少5分钟,然后将其分离成油级分和淤渣级分。
脱胶后,(i)获得脱胶油级分,然而,其仍然具有残余的磷脂级分,主要是不可水合的磷脂,和(ii)获得富含磷脂的淤渣级分,其主要是可水合磷脂,并且含有油和一些水。淤渣级分用于本发明的目的,并且为简单起见在这里被称为含油磷脂组合物。脱胶方法可容易地且常规地进行,以提供适用于在本发明中使用的含油磷脂组合物。
优选地,含油磷脂组合物含有磷脂,相对于所述组合物的重量,该磷脂的量(如通过所述方法部分中所示的丙酮不溶物(AI)方法所测量的)为至少20重量%,更优选地其量为至少40重量%,最优选地其量为至少60重量%,前提条件是所述组合物的油量在所需范围内。所述磷脂量为优选地至多75重量%,更优选地至多73重量%,最优选地至多70重量%。技术人员可通过例如改变脱胶工艺的参数来容易地调整AI浓度,诸如用于脱胶的水量(使用更低的水量将导致更高的AI)。
本发明方法还意味着以精心选择的比率将水与含油磷脂组合物混合的步骤。本发明人观察到,当所述组合物与水的重量比介于6.0:1.0与1.3:1.0之间时,有利于从所述组合物提取油。优选地,组合物与水的重量比介于6.0:1.0和1.5:1.0之间,更优选地介于5.5:1.0与1.5:1.0之间,更优选地介于5.0:1.0和1.5:1.0之间,更优选地介于4.0:1.0和2.0:1.0之间,最优选地介于3.5:1.0和2.5:1.0之间。将水与含油磷脂组合物混合可使用本领域的常规装置进行,例如混合器,诸如静态混合器、动态混合器、高剪切混合器和离心泵。
优选地,在本发明方法的步骤b中混合所述水之前,将含油磷脂组合物加热至至多90℃、更优选地至多80℃、最优选地至多70℃的温度。优选地,所述组合物与水混合之前的该组合物的温度为至少30℃,更优选地至少40℃,最优选地至少50℃。
优选地,在本发明方法的步骤b中与含油磷脂组合物混合的水的温度为至多95℃,更优选地至多85℃,最优选地至多75℃。优选地,在混合水之前油组合物的水温度为至少30℃,更优选地至少40℃,最优选地至少50℃。
可使用已知装置,例如静态或动态混合器将水与含油磷脂组合物混合。优选地,在搅拌下以至多10 000rpm,优选地至多5000rpm,更优选地至多1000rpm的速度进行混合。优选地,搅拌速度为至少100rpm,更优选地至少200rpm,最优选地至少300rpm。
优选地,混合在搅拌下以介于100rpm与10000rpm之间的速度进行,水的温度介于30℃与95℃之间,并且含油磷脂组合物的温度介于30℃与90℃之间。预期在某些搅拌条件(例如高搅拌速度)期间,搅拌能量的一部分可被转化为热,因此水溶液的温度可增加。优选地,含水组合物具有至多90℃、更优选地至多85℃、最优选地至多80℃的温度。优选地,含水组合物具有至少40℃,更优选地至少50℃,最优选地至少60℃的温度。
含水组合物优选地具有至少5.0,更优选地至少5.5,最优选地至少6.0的pH。优选地,含水组合物的pH为至多8.5、更优选地至多8.0、最优选地至多7.5。优选地,所述pH介于5.0%和8.5之间,更优选地介于5.5和8.0之间,最优选地介于6.0和7.5之间。含水组合物的pH可通过众所周知的方式调节,例如通过添加碱(或碱),优选地食品级碱或通过使用pH缓冲液来调节。缓冲溶液(更精确地,pH缓冲液或氢离子缓冲液)是由弱酸和其共轭碱的混合物组成的含水溶液,反之亦然。当将少量强酸或碱添加到其中时,其pH变化很少。缓冲溶液用作在各种应用(例如食品、个人护理和药物应用)中使pH保持在几乎恒定的值的方式。优选地,使用食品级碱来调节含水环境的pH,其非限制性示例包括氢氧化铵或氨水、氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钾和氢氧化钙、生石灰/氧化钙、碳酸钙、以及它们的混合物。pH可使用本领域已知的任何pH计,在对其进行校准(如果需要)并如操作说明中所示使用它之后来测量。
所谓含水组合物,在本文中意指含有水的液体组合物,其非限制性示例包括纯水(例如反渗透水)、水溶液和水悬浮液。在本发明的上下文中,优选的含水环境是纯净水或自来水。优选地,基于所述组合物的总重量计,含水组合物含有至少30重量%的水,更优选地至少40重量%的水,甚至更优选地至少50重量%的水,甚至更优选地至少60重量%的水,甚至更优选地至少70重量%的水,甚至更优选地至少80重量%的水,最优选地至少90重量%的水。至多100%的剩余重量%可包含添加剂;防腐剂;维生素;甾醇,如植物甾醇;抗氧化剂,如多酚;有益于人类营养的矿物质;全植物提取物;纤维素,诸如微纤维化纤维素和纤维素凝胶;糊精;麦芽糖糊精;糖,如蔗糖、葡萄糖;多元醇,如甘露糖醇、赤藓糖醇、甘油、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇;蛋白质或蛋白质水解产物,如植物或蔬菜蛋白质和乳制品蛋白质;油脂;表面活性剂;卵磷脂;葡甘露聚糖和/或半乳甘露聚糖,例如瓜尔胶、黄原胶、刺槐豆胶、肉桂胶、塔拉胶、魔芋胶、藻酸盐、琼脂、结冷胶、角叉菜胶和β1,3葡聚糖;原生淀粉;改性的淀粉;以及它们的组合。
随后将含水组合物分离成富油级分和贫油级分。贫油级分含有水、磷脂并且还可含有残余量的油。贫油级分的最终组成取决于根据本发明使用的原油并且可含有尤其少量的蜡、树胶、葡糖苷等。
发明人观察到,本发明方法的初始步骤(即,在分离步骤之前的步骤)有利于分离步骤,因为相对于所述级分的质量,贫油级分中的油量为至多10重量%,更优选地至多9重量%,最优选地至多8重量%。优选地,分离步骤在至多90℃、更优选地至多85℃、最优选地至多80℃的温度(即含水组合物的温度)下进行。优选地,含水组合物的温度为至少5℃,更优选地至少15℃,最优选地至少30℃。合适地,含水组合物的温度通过经过热交换器,例如板式热交换器或管式热交换器或通过使用微波加热来调节或维持。
优选地,将分离步骤进行约1小时至约120小时,以便使富油相与贫油级分有效分离。因此,可以且最优选地在不存在有机溶剂的情况下,实现将含水组合物分离成富油相和贫油级分。
优选地,将含水组合物分离成富油相和贫油级分以离心方式进行。另选地,可采用沉降。
在离心机中,离心分离成具有不同密度的两个相,这些相通过排水管从离心机流出。所使用的离心机优选地是具有旋转轴线的分离器(可以是垂直的或水平的),其被设计用于分离具有不同密度的两个液相。优选地,分离在至少1500G、更优选地至少3000G、最优选地至少5000G的分离力下以离心方式进行。优选地,离心分离进行至少5分钟,更优选地至少15分钟,最优选地至少30分钟。优选地,离心步骤期间的含水组合物具有至多60℃,更优选地至多55℃,最优选地至多50℃的温度。优选地,所述温度为至少5℃,更优选地至少15℃,最优选地至少25℃。
优选地,将贫油级分干燥,例如冷冻干燥或真空干燥,至含水量为至多5.0重量%,更优选地至多2.0重量%,最优选地至多1.0重量%。优选地,所述含水量为至少0.1重量%,更优选地至少0.3重量%,最优选地至少0.5重量%。可将干燥的贫油级分研磨成粉末,因为这种粉末状贫油级分更容易操纵并且运输起来更经济。
预期在进行方法的初始步骤之后(例如,步骤a.至d.),贫油级分仍然可含有大于期望量的油(例如,介于20重量%与40重量%之间的量)。当作为起始或输入材料的用于本发明方法的含油磷脂组合物含有大量油,例如高于30重量%时,可能就是这种情况。在这种情况下,可对贫油级分施用本发明方法多次,例如至少再施用一次,更优选地至少两次,以便进一步降低贫油级分含有的油量,优选地降低至低于10重量%,更优选地降低至至多9重量%,最优选地降低至至多8重量%。
优选地,将步骤c)-d)至少再重复一次,即,根据本发明的方法再次处理在步骤d)处获得的贫油级分,即将其在步骤c)中分离成指定的级分,并且去除步骤d)中的富油级分。优选地,将步骤c)-d)重复至少两次,最优选地至少三次。
本发明还涉及一种水脱油的磷脂组合物(为简单起见,下文称为本发明组合物)包含水、磷脂和油,所述组合物具有至少85重量%,优选地至少87重量%,更优选地至少89重量%,更优选地至少90.0重量%,更优选地至少91.0重量%,更优选地至少92.0重量%,最优选地至少94.0重量%的AI,该重量%相对于所述组合物的总重量表达。
优选地,本发明组合物具有的油的量为至多10重量%,水的量为至多5重量%,并且AI为至少85.0重量%。优选地,油的量为至多9.0重量%,更优选地至多8.0重量%,更优选地至多7.0重量%,更优选地至多6.0重量%,更优选地至多5.0重量%,更优选地至多4.0重量%,最优选地至多3.0重量%。优选地,油的量为至少0.1重量%、更优选地至少0.5重量%、最优选地至少1.0重量%。优选地,水的量为5.0重量%、更优选地至多4.0重量%,更优选地至多3.0重量%,更优选地至多2.0重量%,最优选地至多1.0重量%。优选地,水的量为至少0.1重量%、更优选地至少0.3重量%、最优选地至少0.5重量%。优选地,AI为至少87重量%、更优选地至少89重量%、更优选地至少90.0重量%、更优选地至少91.0重量%、更优选地至少92.0重量%、最优选地至少94.0重量%。优选地,相对于所述组合物的总重量,AI为至少87重量%、更优选地至少89重量%、更优选地至少90.0重量%、更优选地至少91.0重量%、更优选地至少92.0重量%、最优选地至少94.0重量%,并且合并的油和水的量为至多10.0重量%、更优选地至多8.0重量%、最优选地至多6.0重量%。
本发明组合物优选地具有至少89重量%的AI,其中油的量为至多9.0重量%,并且水的量为至多2重量%。优选地,油的量为至多8.0重量%,更优选地至多7.0重量%,更优选地至多6.0重量%,更优选地至多5.0重量%,更优选地至多4.0重量%,最优选地至多3.0重量%。
本发明组合物优选地具有至少90重量%的AI,其中油的量为至多8.0重量%,并且水的量为至多2重量%。优选地,油的量为至多7.0重量%、更优选地至多6.0重量%、更优选地至多5.0重量%、更优选地至多4.0重量%、最优选地至多3.0重量%。
本发明组合物优选地具有至少91重量%的AI,其中油的量为至多7.0重量%,并且水的量为至多2重量%。优选地,油的量为至多6.0重量%,更优选地至多5.0重量%,更优选地至多4.0重量%,最优选地至多3.0重量%。
本发明组合物优选地具有至少92重量%的AI,其中油的量为至多6.0重量%,并且水的量为至多2重量%。优选地,油的量为至多5.0重量%、更优选地至多4.0重量%、最优选地至多3.0重量%。
本发明组合物优选地具有至少93重量%的AI,其中油的量为至多5.0重量%,并且水的量为至多2.0重量%。优选地,油的量为至多3.0重量%。
优选地,本发明的本发明组合物通过使用水的脱油方法获得,即,为水脱油的磷脂组合物。优选地,本发明组合物通过本发明方法获得。水脱油的磷脂组合物的特征在于其含有生育酚,这是一种当使用有机溶剂进行脱油时,通常不存在或以极低的量存在的化合物。优选地,相对于所述组合物的总重量,脱油的磷脂组合物含有至少0.01重量%的量的生育酚,更优选地至少0.03重量%,最优选地至少0.05重量%。另外,水脱油的磷脂组合物还可含有玉米黄质和/或叶黄素,这是类胡萝卜素并且其抗氧化剂特性是已知的。这些类胡萝卜素优选地以介于0.10mg/100g水脱油磷脂组合物与0.25mg/100g水脱油磷脂组合物之间的量存在,同时在溶剂脱油的磷脂组合物中实际上不存在。
本发明还涉及一种包含本发明组合物和营养物质的食物或饲料产品。
本发明组合物高度适用于生产多种食物产品。本发明还涉及的食物产品(其包含本发明组合物或通过使用本发明组合物制造)的示例包括:时尚饮品,诸如咖啡、红茶、绿茶粉、可可、红豆汤、果汁、豆浆等;含乳成分的饮品,诸如生乳、加工乳、乳酸饮料等;多种饮料,包括富含营养物质的饮料,诸如钙强化饮料等和含膳食纤维的饮料等;乳制品,诸如黄油、奶酪、酸奶、咖啡增白剂、搅打奶油、乳蛋糕乳脂、牛乳布丁等;冰冻产品,诸如冰淇淋、软奶油、乳冰、冻牛乳、冰冻果子露、冷冻酸奶等;加工脂肪食物产品,诸如蛋黄酱、人造黄油、涂抹酱、起酥油等;汤;炖汤;调味品,诸如酱汁、TARE(调味酱汁)、调味料等;由揉捏芥末代表的多种糊剂调味品;多种填充物,典型地有果酱和面粉糊;多种凝胶或糊状食物产品,包括红豆沙、果冻和用于吞咽受损人群的食物;包含谷物作为主要组分的食物产品,诸如面包、面条、意大利面食、披萨饼、玉米片等;日式、美式和欧式糕饼,诸如糖果、曲奇饼、饼干、松饼、巧克力、米饼等;由煮鱼饼、鱼饼等代表的揉捏海洋产品;由火腿、香肠、汉堡、肉排等代表的牲畜产品;日常餐食,诸如奶油可乐饼、中式粥、奶油烤菜、饺子等;鲜味食物,诸如咸鱼肠、清酒腌制的蔬菜等;液体饮食,诸如管饲液体食物等;补充剂;以及宠物食品。不考虑制备时食物产品的形式和处理操作的任何差异,如在蒸煮食品、冷冻食品、微波食品等中所见的,这些食物产品全部涵盖在本发明内。
本发明还涉及一种基于可可的组合物,其包含本发明的水脱油的磷脂组合物和可可质,相对于所述基于可可的组合物的重量,所述磷脂组合物的量介于0.05重量%与5.0重量%之间,优选地介于0.1重量%与1.0重量%之间。基于可可的组合物还可含有可可脂。可可质通常通过研磨可可豆获得。
本发明还涉及一种产品,其包含本发明组合物和表面活性剂体系。优选地,相对于所述产品的重量,表面活性剂体系的量为0.1重量%至50重量%,更优选地5重量%至30重量%,并且甚至更优选地10重量%至25重量%。一般来讲,表面活性剂可选自众所周知的教科书中所述的表面活性剂,如:“Surface Active Agents”,第1卷,Schwartz&Perry,Interscience 1949,第2卷,Schwartz,Perry&Berch,Interscience 1958,和/或“McCutcheon's Emulsifiers and Detergents”的现行版,由ManufacturingConfectioners Company出版,或“Tenside-Taschenbuch”,H.Stache,第2版,Carl HauserVerlag,1981;“Handbook of Industrial Surfactants”(第4版),Michael Ash和IreneAsh;Synapse Information Resources,2008。所选择的表面活性剂的类型可取决于产品预期的应用类型。表面活性剂体系可包含一种类型的表面活性剂,或两种或更多种表面活性剂的混合物。合成表面活性剂优选地形成表面活性剂体系的主要部分。因此,表面活性剂体系优选地包含一种或多种表面活性剂,所述表面活性剂选自下列中的一种或多种:阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂和两性离子表面活性剂。更优选地,一种或多种洗涤剂表面活性剂是阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂或阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的组合。合成阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的混合物,或者完全阴离子混合表面活性剂体系,或者阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂和两性表面活性剂或两性离子表面活性剂的混合物可全部根据配制人员针对所需清洁用途和清洁组合物的所需剂量的选择来使用。优选地,表面活性剂体系包含一种或多种阴离子表面活性剂。更优选地,表面活性剂体系包含一种或多种选自下列的阴离子表面活性剂:月桂基醚硫酸盐和直链烷基苯磺酸盐。
对于某些应用而言,包含表面活性剂体系的产品优选地还包含1重量%至8重量%的无机盐,优选地选自硫酸盐和碳酸盐,更优选地选自MgSO4和Na2SO4,并且甚至更优选地为MgSO4。优选地,包含表面活性剂体系的产品为清洁组合物,更优选地手洗盘碟洗涤组合物。产品还可包括悬浮颗粒和/或气泡。
本发明还涉及包含本发明组合物的化妆产品。所谓化妆产品,在本文中例如被理解为用于增强人或动物体的外观或气味的产品。除了本发明组合物之外,化妆产品还可包括任何其他化妆成分,例如通常用于所述化妆产品的制剂中的任何成分。化妆产品的示例包括皮肤护理霜膏乳液、香料、唇膏、指甲油和脚趾甲油、面部化妆品、染发剂和发胶、保湿剂、凝胶、除臭剂、消毒洗手液、婴儿产品、沐浴油、泡泡浴、黄油等。本发明的化妆产品可以呈任何形式或形状,例如液体或霜膏乳液。
本发明还涉及一种药学产品,其包含本发明组合物和药物或药物释放剂。所谓药物,在本文中被理解为旨在用于诊断、治愈、缓解、治疗或预防疾病的物质。药物可来自天然来源,例如动物、微生物或植物来源;化学来源,即来源于化学合成;或它们的组合。
本发明的具体实施方案的任何特征也可用于本发明的任何其他实施方案中。字词“包含”旨在表示“包括”但不一定“由...组成”或“由...构成”。换句话讲,列出的步骤或选项不一定是详尽的。需注意,以下描述中给出的示例旨在阐明本发明,并非旨在将本发明限制于这些示例本身。类似地,除非另外指明,否则所有百分比均为重量/重量百分比。除了在实施例和比较实验中,或在另外明确指明的情况下,本说明书中指示材料的量或反应条件、材料的物理特性和/或用途的所有数字均应理解为由字词“约”修饰。除非另外指明,否则以“x至y”格式表示的数值范围应理解为包含x和y。当对于具体特征而言以“x至y”格式描述多个优选范围时,应当理解,还可以想到组合不同端点的所有范围。出于本发明的目的,环境温度(或室温)被定义为约20摄氏度的温度。
测量方法
·RO水意指反渗透(RO)低电导率水(milli-Q Ultrapure Millipore18.2MΩ.cm)
·丙酮不溶物(AI)根据Lange R.、fiemon H.J.(1999):Separation ofPhospholipids,Standard Methods of DGF,Fett/Lipid 101:77-79来测定。该方法基于卵磷脂组分(诸如甘油三酯、脂肪酸、甾醇和其他丙酮可溶性组分)的溶解度,以及在测试条件下磷脂和糖磷脂在丙酮中的不溶性。后者被称为丙酮不溶物(AI)。AI也可根据AACC国际方法58-35.01–“丙酮-不溶性卵磷脂”来测定,然而,前一方法是优选的。
·含水量(“MC”):样品的含水量通过对样品称重,将样品置于预干燥容器中,并且随后在105℃的烘箱中加热含有样品的容器过夜来测定。含水量(以重量%为单位)计算为MC=(A1-A2)/A1×100,其中A1为在烘箱中干燥之前样品的重量并且A2为所得干燥样品的重量。
·干物质含量(“DS”)根据下式测量:DS(%)=100%-MC(%)。
·磷脂组成:磷脂组成,即PC、PA、PI和PE及其水解级分的量,使用施用于乳化剂组合物的液相色谱法测定,所述乳化剂组合物的AI相对于所述乳化剂组合物总重量设定为60%。可通过添加(或例如用丙酮提取)必要量的所述组合物的丙酮可溶性部分(主要是甘油三酯)以便使使AI量达到60%来调节AI量。各种磷脂组分的鉴定和定量可方便地通过不同的方法来执行,所述方法包括薄层色谱法(TLC)、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和仅用于磷脂的31P核磁共振光谱法(31P-NMR)。合适的方法公开于以下文献中:London E.、FeigensonG.W.(1979):Phosphorous NMR Analysis of Phospholipids in Detergents,J.LipidRes.20:408-412;Aitzetmüller K.(1984):HPLC and Phospholipids,Part I:GeneralConsiderations,Fette,Seifen,Anstrichm.86:318-322;以及Aloisi J.D.,Sherma J.,Fried B.(1990):Comparison of Mobile Phases for Separation and Quantificationof Lipids by One-Dimensional TLC and Preadsorbent High Performance Silica GelPlates,J.Liq.Chromatogr.13:3949-3961。
·离子强度(I)和pH调节:支持分散液体是用反渗透(RO)低电导率水(milli-QUltrapure Millipore 18.2MΩ.cm)制备的离子强度为0.02M的标准化自来水(1.00g/LNaCl和0.155g/L CaCl2.2H20)。pH用1M NaOH调节,并且离子强度通过添加所需质量的盐、NaCl或CaCl2.2H2O来调节。根据下式确定溶液的离子强度I(以摩尔浓度M计):
I=0.5([A]ZA 2+[B]ZB 2+[C]ZC 2+…)
其中[A]、[B]、[C]为离子A、B和C和摩尔浓度,并且ZA、ZB、ZC为它们各自的电荷。参见,Skoog,West&Holler(1996)。Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry,第7版(Harcourt Brace&Company,Orlando)。实际上,对于[1:1]电解质(NaCl,NaOH)而言,I=c(以M计),对于[2:1]电解质(CaCl2)而言,I=3c。
现在将借助于以下实施例和比较实验来描述本发明,然而并不限于此。
实例1:
将通过原料向日葵油脱胶获得的225g含油磷脂组合物(油量为31重量%并且AI为63.2重量%)预热至55℃并与温度为55℃的75g RO水以3:1的比率混合,以形成含水组合物。然后将含水组合物在恒温浴中加热至70℃,通过在300rpm下搅拌(IKA搅拌单元DW25,螺旋桨式搅拌器直径5cm)均化并且在搅拌和设定温度下保持1小时。
1小时后,用移液管去除在含水混合物表面处积聚的4.53g油。
将剩余的含水组合物离心(具有转子11133的离心机Sigma 3K-15)2次(第一次和第二次),每次在40℃和5500rpm下进行1小时。在两种情况下,都去除分离的富油级分。将包含水、磷脂和残余量油(约17g)的贫油级分在-20℃下冷冻过夜,并且随后加热回到40℃。
将一定量的0.7g RO水添加到未冷冻的加热样品中,将其在40℃和5500rpm下再次离心(第三次离心)1小时。将获得的富油级分分离。从样品中去除总共65g的油。
将含有75g水的贫油级分冷冻干燥(具有对应的金属板的Zirbus TechnologiesVac05/Christ Alpha 2-4)至含水量为1.1%并且将其研磨。测得的AI为91.1%。
实施例2
重复实施例1,不同之处在于所有离心时间都从1小时增加至2小时。干燥和研磨后的最终AI为92.4%。
实施例3
重复实施例2,不同之处在于第一离心时间从2小时增加至2.5小时,然而另2个离心步骤保持在2小时。干燥和研磨后的最终AI为94.1%。
实施例4
用第二批包含向日葵油的含油磷脂组合物重复实施例3(油33%,AI63.3%,磷脂44.5%)。干燥和研磨后的最终AI为91.7%和94.1%。
实施例5
重复实施例1,不同之处在于完全离心时间增加至6.5小时(在离心步骤期间没有任何停止并且不添加水),并且组合物与水的比率为1.5:1。干燥和研磨后的最终AI为93.3%。
比较实验
重复实施例5,不同之处在于使用不同的组合物与水比率(比较实验A和B)。重复实施例1,不同之处在于使用不同的组合物与水比率(比较实验C和D)。细节示于表1中。
表1
比较实验 | 比率 | AI(%) |
A | 0.4:1 | 83.1 |
B | 1:1 | 81.4 |
C | 6.1:1 | 83.5 |
D | 19:1 | 75.2 |
实施例6
将通过原料向日葵油脱胶获得的含油磷脂组合物(油量为36.5重量%并且AI为63.5重量%)预热至55℃并与温度为55℃的RO水混合,以形成含水组合物(参见表2中的比率)。将含水组合物在恒温浴中加热至70℃,通过在650rpm下搅拌(IKA搅拌单元DW25,螺旋桨式搅拌器直径5cm)均化并且在搅拌和设定温度下保持2小时。此后,用移液管去除在含水混合物表面处积聚的油。在35℃或40℃和5500rpm下,将剩余的含水组合物离心(具有转子11133的离心机Sigma 3K-15)1小时。去除分离的富油级分。将包含水、磷脂和残余量油的贫油级分在-40℃下冷冻过夜或直接冷冻干燥。
将含有水的贫油级分冷冻干燥(具有对应的金属板的Zirbus TechnologiesVac05)至含水量小于1.5%并研磨。测量的AI物质示于表2中。
表2
实施例7
将通过原料向日葵油脱胶获得的含油磷脂组合物(油量为36.2重量%并且AI为63.8重量%)预热至55℃并与温度为55℃的RO水混合,以形成含水组合物(参见表3中的比率)。然后,将含水组合物在恒温浴中加热至70℃,通过在约300rpm下搅拌(IKA搅拌单元DW25,螺旋桨式搅拌器直径5cm)均化并且在搅拌和设定温度下保持1小时。
在40℃和5500rpm下,将含水组合物离心(具有转子11133的离心机Sigma 3k-15)6.5小时(参见表3)。在将样品冷冻至-20℃过夜之后,用移液管直接或借助于刮刀或勺子去除分离的富油级分。将含有水、磷脂和残余量油的贫油级分在-40℃或-20℃下冷冻过夜或直接冷冻干燥。
将含有水的贫油级分冷冻干燥(具有对应的金属板的Zirbus TechnologiesVac05/Christ Epsilon 2-4LSCplus或在容器中)至含水量小于1.5%并且研磨。AI示于表3中。
表3
实施例9
如下将实施例4的贫油级分用于巧克力配方中:将黑巧克力样品熔融24小时,然后在45℃下以介于0.1重量%至0.7重量%之间的量添加所述级分,并且使用在350rpm下操作的IKA搅拌器共混15分钟。混合之后,将混合物转移到锅中并使其结晶。
如下对巧克力样品进行屈服应力测量:将样品在45℃下熔融24小时,并且随后用IKA搅拌器在300rpm下搅拌90秒。测量按照IOCC2000方法利用Anton Paar流变仪(MCR 51)进行。屈服应力值使用Casson方法计算。所有测量均一式两份地进行。
实验展示出,具有本发明水脱油组合物的样品的屈服应力值与使用商业卵磷脂实现的那些屈服应力值几乎相似。
Claims (15)
1.一种从含油磷脂组合物中提取油的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)提供含油磷脂组合物,所述组合物包含磷脂和油,相对于所述油组合物的总重量,所述油的量介于20重量%与80重量%之间;
(b)将水与所述含油磷脂组合物混合以获得含水组合物,其中组合物与水的重量比介于6.0:1.0与1.3:1.0之间;
(c)将所述含水组合物分离成富油级分和贫油级分,所述贫油级分包含水和磷脂;以及
(d)去除所述分离的富油级分以获得包含磷脂的含水贫油级分;
(e)任选地干燥所述含水贫油级分以获得包含磷脂的干燥贫油级分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述含油磷脂组合物含有的油的量介于40重量%与78重量%之间,更优选地介于50重量%与76重量%之间,最优选地介于60重量%与75重量%之间。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述含油磷脂组合物通过将原油脱胶获得。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述原油为植物油,并且所述植物油选自下列的油:阿萨伊油(acai oil)、棕榈油、杏仁油、巴巴苏油、黑醋栗籽油、琉璃苣籽油、菜籽油、腰果油、蓖麻油、椰子油、芫荽油、玉米油、棉籽油、深海两节荠籽油、亚麻籽油、葡萄籽油、榛果油、其他坚果油、麻疯果油、霍霍巴油、澳洲坚果油、芒果仁油、酢浆草油、芥子油、牛蹄油;、橄榄油、棕榈油、棕榈仁油、棕榈油精、花生油、美洲山核桃油、松仁油、开心果油、米胚芽油、红花油、山茶油、芝麻油、乳木果油、大豆油、向日葵油、妥尔油、椿油、核桃油,具有通过经基因修饰的生物体(GMO)或传统育种改良的脂肪酸组合物的“天然”级油,以及前述油的混合物。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述含油磷脂组合物含有磷脂,相对于所述组合物的重量,所述磷脂的量(如通过所述方法部分中所示的丙酮不溶物(AI)方法所测量的)为至少20重量%,更优选地其量为至少40重量%,最优选地其量为至少60重量%。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中组合物与水的重量比介于5.0:1.0与1.5:1.0之间,更优选地介于4.0:1.0和2.0:1.0之间,最优选地介于3.5:1.0和2.5:1.0之间。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中在步骤b中混合所述水之前,将所述含油磷脂组合物加热至至多90℃、更优选地至多80℃、最优选地至多70℃的温度。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中在步骤b中与所述含油磷脂组合物混合的水的温度为至多95℃,更优选地至多85℃,最优选地至多75℃。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述分离步骤进行1小时至120小时。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中将所述含水组合物分离成所述富油相和所述贫油级分以离心方式进行。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中将所述贫油级分干燥,例如冷冻干燥或真空干燥,至含水量为至多5.0重量%,更优选地至多2.0重量%,最优选地至多1.0重量%。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中将步骤c)-d)至少再重复一次。
13.一种脱油的磷脂组合物,所述脱油的磷脂组合物使用水通过脱油方法获得,所述脱油的磷脂组合物包含水、磷脂和油,其中所述油的量为至多10重量%,所述水的量为至多5重量%并且具有至少85.0重量%的AI,所述重量%相对于所述组合物的总重量表示。
14.根据权利要求13所述的组合物,所述组合物含有相对于所述组合物的总重量至少0.01重量%的量的生育酚,更优选地至少0.03重量%,最优选地至少0.05重量%。
15.一种食物产品,所述食物产品包含根据权利要求13或14中任一项所述的组合物和营养物质。
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GB412224A (en) * | 1932-12-19 | 1934-06-19 | Hanseatische Muehlenwerke Ag | Improvements in and relating to the production of phosphatide products |
GB413923A (en) * | 1932-11-23 | 1934-07-26 | Benjamin Clayton | Improvement in process of treating vegetable oils and product obtained thereby |
GB714611A (en) * | 1950-12-12 | 1954-09-01 | Benjamin Clayton | A process for recovering valuable products from substances separated from glyceride oils |
CN1422122A (zh) * | 2000-04-12 | 2003-06-04 | 威斯特伐利亚分离器工业有限公司 | 含油和极性脂质的天然原料的分级分离方法 |
EP1624047A1 (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2006-02-08 | De Smet Engineering N.V. | Oil recuperation process |
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CA522398A (en) | 1956-03-06 | J. Strezynski George | Rice bran oil process | |
GB1585166A (en) | 1976-09-10 | 1981-02-25 | Unilever Ltd | Oil purification by adding hydratable phosphatides |
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Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB413923A (en) * | 1932-11-23 | 1934-07-26 | Benjamin Clayton | Improvement in process of treating vegetable oils and product obtained thereby |
GB412224A (en) * | 1932-12-19 | 1934-06-19 | Hanseatische Muehlenwerke Ag | Improvements in and relating to the production of phosphatide products |
GB714611A (en) * | 1950-12-12 | 1954-09-01 | Benjamin Clayton | A process for recovering valuable products from substances separated from glyceride oils |
CN1422122A (zh) * | 2000-04-12 | 2003-06-04 | 威斯特伐利亚分离器工业有限公司 | 含油和极性脂质的天然原料的分级分离方法 |
EP1624047A1 (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2006-02-08 | De Smet Engineering N.V. | Oil recuperation process |
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JP2023528597A (ja) | 2023-07-05 |
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