CN1158978A - 制取超高纯氧的方法和设备 - Google Patents

制取超高纯氧的方法和设备 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1158978A
CN1158978A CN96106926A CN96106926A CN1158978A CN 1158978 A CN1158978 A CN 1158978A CN 96106926 A CN96106926 A CN 96106926A CN 96106926 A CN96106926 A CN 96106926A CN 1158978 A CN1158978 A CN 1158978A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
stream
nitrogen
tributary
oxygen
cooling agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN96106926A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
约瑟夫P·瑙莫维茨
罗伯特A·莫斯特劳
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Messer LLC
Original Assignee
BOC Group Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BOC Group Inc filed Critical BOC Group Inc
Publication of CN1158978A publication Critical patent/CN1158978A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04066Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of oxygen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04321Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of oxygen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04363Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of oxygen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/0443A main column system not otherwise provided, e.g. a modified double column flowsheet
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/32Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using a side column fed by a stream from the high pressure column
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/50Oxygen or special cases, e.g. isotope-mixtures or low purity O2
    • F25J2215/56Ultra high purity oxygen, i.e. generally more than 99,9% O2
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/50Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components from oxygen, e.g. N2, Ar
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/52Separating high boiling, i.e. less volatile components from oxygen, e.g. Kr, Xe, Hydrocarbons, Nitrous oxides, O3
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/923Inert gas
    • Y10S62/924Argon

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

一种制取超高纯度氧产品的方法及设备,其中运用一氮发生器以产生富氮馏分及富氧馏分塔底残存物。部分富氧馏分可以在精馏塔内在其塔压下再处理以产生诸如甲烷、乙炔,丙烷及丙烯等烃的含量很低的塔顶馏出物。在精馏塔内的塔顶冷凝器进行液化后,部分冷凝物再在分馏塔中进一步处理以产生可以作为产品取出的超高纯液氧塔底残存物。

Description

制取超高纯氧的方法和设备
本发明涉及一种通过分离空气而制取超高纯度的氧的方法和设备。更具体地说,本发明涉及这样一种方法和设备,即空气先被分离成富氮馏分及富氧馏分,然后再经精馏以将富氧馏分中的烃、氩和氮除去,从而制得超高纯氧。再具体地说,本发明涉及这样一种方法和设备,即先通过精馏从富氧馏分中除去烃,然后再通过分馏从该富氧馏分中除去氩及氮。
在已有技术中,空气通过种种低温精馏工艺而分离成富氮馏分及富氧馏分。有一种方法是,在对输入的空气加压压缩及冷却到适合精馏的温度后,在一较高压力塔中精馏成富氧馏分及富氮馏分。此富氧馏分被进一步在一与较高压力塔相连、以形成热传递关系的较低压力塔中被提纯。这种纯化的结果,气氮塔顶馏出物和液氧塔底残存物聚集在较低压力塔中。较高沸点的组份例如烃倾向于溶缩在液氧中。氩气,由于它的挥发性与氧类似,也成为液氧塔底残存物的一部分。因此,在较低压力塔中产生的液氧一般都不是超高纯度的氧。
在另一种低温精馏工艺中,空气在一称为氮发生器的单一的塔中被分离。在氮发生器中,富氧馏分作为塔底残存物被产生出来,而高纯度富氮馏分则作为塔顶馏出物而产生。富氧馏分,称为粗液氧,可被用作在氮发生气的顶部的塔顶冷凝器中的冷却剂以为塔提供回流。该富氧馏分在如此提供回流以后就被作为废料而被排出,其中一部分可以在塔温或环境温度下重新加以压缩,然后再返回到塔内。这种塔,虽然能产生出高纯度的氮,但就它本身来说,却不能生产出超高纯度的液氧出来。
有些设备应用场合需要超高纯度的氧产品。例如,在美国专利4,977,746中,将第一、第二辅助塔与一双塔组合一起用来生产超高纯氧。在此专利中,从较低压力塔的液氧槽上方来的气体在第一辅助塔中精馏以产生无烃的气体塔顶馏出物。该气体塔顶馏出物然后在第二辅助塔中被蒸馏以产生作为塔底残存物的超纯液氧。美国专利5,363,656揭示了一种氮发生器,其中,粗液氧在第二精馏塔中精馏以把氮从粗液氧中分离出来。所形成的液氧被加热以被第二精馏塔的重沸器所蒸发,被蒸发的氧然后被引入第三精馏塔以产生高纯气氧。然后该高纯气氧被引入一第四精馏塔以使氧,氮,一氧化碳和氩作为塔顶馏出物产生出来,而超高纯液氧则作为塔底残存物而产生出来。
已有技术中的一个主要问题是生产超高纯氧需要一笔很大的投资。例如在以上所述的两个专利中,需要四只独立的蒸馏塔。正如下面将要详述的,本发明所提供的产生超高纯氧的方法和设备特别适合于与氮发生器一起使用以生产出超高纯氧及高纯度氮。
本发明提供一种产生超高纯氧的方法。这里以及权项中所用的“超高纯氧”一词是指这样一种产品氧,它所含的氩低于十亿份之100,杂质,诸如甲烷,乙炔,丙烷,丙烯等低于10亿份之10以及低于10亿份之10的氮。这里所用的以及权利要求中所用的“组成(make-up)”一词的意思是流的组份(make-up of the stream)而不是用于形成该流的组份的量。
根据本发明的方法,先用低温精馏工艺在一蒸馏塔内把空气分离成富氧馏分及富氮馏分(oxygen and nitrogen rich fractions)。该低温精馏工艺包括形成一由富氧馏分组成的经阀膨胀的冷却剂流(valve expanded coolant stream)。通过在阀膨胀的冷却剂流和富氮流之间的间接热交换而使由富氮馏分组成的富氮流被冷凝。这种冷凝使冷却剂流完全蒸发而形成蒸发的冷却剂流。然后用至少一部分富氮流回流给蒸馏塔。一部分蒸发的冷却剂流被压缩到蒸馏塔的压力以形成一压缩的粗氧流。在该压缩的粗氧流被冷却之后,就被引入到蒸馏塔里。
由一部分压缩的粗氧流所形成的第一支流,在被冷却之后,在一精馏塔内被精馏。这一过程在精馏塔内产生了一基本上无烃的塔顶馏出物(tower overhead)和液体馏分,该液体馏分则作为塔底残存物(column bottoms)以包括烃的较高沸点杂质的形式聚集起来。一第二支流由一部分由富氧馏分组成的粗氧流(crude oxygen stream)形成。此外,由基本上无烃的塔顶馏出物形成一无烃流(hydrocarbon-free strean)。此第二支流与该无烃流间接地进行热交换以冷凝此无烃流。精馏塔以部分无烃流作为回流,而该无烃流的另一部分被引入分馏塔以除去氩和氮以产生作为塔底残存物的超高纯氧。部分超高纯度氧在逆着至少部分第二支流的情况下蒸发以在分馏塔内产生沸腾。精馏塔的液体馏分流(stream of the liquid fraction)与至少部分第二支流混合以产生一混合流。该混合流与其余部分的粗氧流混合以形成冷却剂流。至此,超高纯氧流作为产品从分馏塔内取出。
本发明的另一个方面是提供一种制取超高纯氧的设备。根据本发明的这方面,本发明的分离空气的设备包括:一主热交换装置,用以把经压缩和净化的空气压缩到适于精馏的温度;以及一连接至主热交换装置的蒸馏塔(distillation column)以把经压缩和净化的空气分离成富氧馏分和富氮馏分;一第一塔顶冷凝器(first head con-denser)连接至该蒸馏塔以使由富氮馏分组成的富氮流(nitrogenrich stream)通过与由富氧馏分组成的冷却剂流的间接热交换被冷凝。该蒸馏塔至少以部分富氮流作为回流。一再循环压缩机连接在主热交换装置及第一塔顶冷凝器之间以使至少部分冷却剂流被压缩到蒸馏塔的塔压,从而形成一被压缩的粗氧流,该粗氧流然后被冷却至蒸馏塔的温度。本发明又设一精馏塔(rectification column),它与蒸馏塔一起连接至主热交换器以使部分被压缩的粗氧流返回到蒸馏塔,而由压缩的粗氧流的其余部分形成的第一支流被引入该精馏塔。该精馏塔的结构可以精馏包含在第一支流内的富氧馏分从而产生基本上无烃的塔顶馏出物和一作为塔底沉积物的液体馏分,该液体馏分则以包括烃在内的较高沸点杂质的形式而聚集在一起。一第二塔顶冷凝器连接于精馏塔以接受由富氧馏分组成的粗氧流的一部分形成的一第二支流。此第二塔顶冷凝器的作用是在第二支流和由无烃的塔顶馏出物组成的无烃流之间进行间接热交换。此过程使无烃流冷凝。一部分无烃流则回流到精馏塔中。
另有一分馏塔(stripping column)连接至第二塔顶冷凝器以接受另一部分经冷凝后的无烃流。该分馏塔的结构是可以通过分馏以从另一部分无烃流中除去氩和氮以产生作为塔底残存物的超高纯氧。有一膨胀阀设置在所述分馏塔和所述第二塔顶冷凝器之间以利于从所述另一无烃流通过分馏除去氩和氮。一热交换器连接在第二塔顶冷凝器和分馏塔之间以在冷凝所述无烃流之后逆着至少部分第二支流蒸发部分超高纯氧,从而在分馏塔内产生沸腾。该精馏塔及热交换器连接起来以把精馏塔的液体馏分流和第二支流的至少一部分混合,从而形成一混合流。还设有一装置把粗氧流的其余部分和该混合流混合,从而形成冷却剂流。该装置也把所述冷却剂流膨胀至使富氮流冷凝所需的足够低的温度。此外还设有一用以把超高纯氧流从分馏塔中作为产品取出的装置。
本发明与已有技术的不同之处在于使用了三个塔(而不是四个塔)以在压力下制取超高纯氧产品。与已有技术不同,本发明对经压缩的粗氧流进行精馏以避免万一出现烃产物。此后在低压下工作的分馏塔从产品中除掉氩及氮以产生超高纯氧产品。本发明的另一特点是粗液氧既用来冷凝精馏塔中的塔顶馏出物,又用来蒸发分馏塔中的超高纯氧。这一结构安排简化了按照本发明设计的设备的管路的铺设。本发明还有一个优点是它可以和氮发生器结合在一起,以对已经在塔顶冷凝器中用作冷却剂的粗液氧加以再压缩以把它再循环到该氮发生器中去。这样一种氮发生器的方案可以在美国专利4966,002中找到。
虽然本发明的说明书结合权利要求书清楚地指出了申请人认为是本发明主题的内容,但是我们认为结合附图的描述将使本发明能被更好地理解。本发明的附图只有一个,其中示出了一种根据本发明方法运行的空气分离设备的示意图。
请参阅附图。图中的空气分离设备1是用来生产高纯度气氮及超高纯液氧的。这里应该指出的是,本发明同样适用于生产比空气分离设备1的纯度更低些的氮气。如图所示,空气先经管道12进入过滤器10被过滤,然后,在压缩机12中进行压缩。压缩产生的热由后冷却器14除去。然后空气在一预净化装置16中经过初步处理以除去二氧化碳和水蒸气。然后空气在一主热交换器中被冷却到适宜于作精馏的温度。在本实施例中精馏使空气部分液化而形成一空气流20。蒸馏塔24把空气分离成富氧馏分,该富氧馏分聚集在蒸馏塔24的槽区或底部区域26之内。而高纯度富氮馏分则作为塔顶馏出物聚集在蒸馏塔24的顶部区域28。
一第一塔顶冷凝器30与蒸馏塔34相连,使由富氮馏分组成的富氮流32通过与聚集在蒸馏塔24的槽部26的富氧馏分组成的冷却剂流33的间接热交换而被冷凝。这形成了冷凝的富氮流34,该富氮流被引入蒸馏塔24的顶部区域28作为回流。部分富氮流32可以作为气氮产品流36而取出并在主热交换器18中被加热。在一适当的情况下,也可以从部分冷凝富氮流34形成液氮产品流。在这方面,这里以及权利要求书中所用的“高纯度氮”一词是指其中氧的含量低于约10亿分之100(体积)的氮。
冷却剂流33部分地由从蒸馏塔24的底部区域26取出的粗氧流38形成。设置一膨胀阀40以通过阀的膨胀使部分粗氧流38得以膨胀而降温(产生冷却剂流33)到一足够低的温度以在第一塔顶冷凝器30中冷凝富氮流32。形成的一被蒸发的冷却剂流42是蒸发的粗液氧。一部分蒸发的冷却剂流42在再循环压缩机44内被再压缩到蒸馏塔24的塔压。此被再压缩的冷却剂流形成一被压缩的粗氧流46。该再循环压缩机被连接在主热交换器18和第一塔头冷凝器30之间,以使被压缩的粗氧流46被冷地到蒸馏塔24工作时的精馏温度。蒸馏塔24连接到主热交换器18以使被压缩的粗氧流46的一部分47被引入蒸馏塔24的底部区域26。
一精馏塔48也连接到主热交换器18以接受一第一支流50,该支流由在主热交换器18内冷却后被压缩的粗氧流46的其余部分形成的。精馏塔48的结构是可用以对包含在第一支流50内的粗氧进行精馏以产生一基本上无烃的塔顶馏出物及一作为塔底残存物的液态馏分。塔底残存物中聚集着烃。通常,第一支流50包含45%(体积)的氧,其余部分是氮,氩,和较高沸点杂质例如甲烷,氪和氙。这些较高沸点杂质的浓度在第一支流50内大致为百万分之十。在精馏之后,塔顶馏出物的浓度大致是氧30%(体积),低于10亿分之0.1的甲烷以及约 %的氩,其余的是氮。
形成的一第二支流52由一部分粗氧流38组成。一第二塔顶冷凝器54与精馏塔48相连以接受第二支流52并在第二支流52和由基本上无烃塔顶馏出物组成的无烃流56之间间接地进行热交换。此第二塔顶冷凝器54的作用是冷凝无烃流56并将一部分无烃流56返回至精馏塔48作为回流58。
一分馏塔60与第二塔顶冷凝器54相连以接受在第二塔顶冷凝器54内冷凝后的另一部分无烃流56。该分馏塔60的结构可以从另一部分无烃流56中去掉氩和氮以产生作为塔底残存物的超高纯氧。一膨胀阀64设在分馏塔60和第二塔顶冷凝器54之间以通过阀将该无烃流的“另一部分62”膨胀后降至低压。此低压使分馏塔60在一足够低的压力下工作以利于从氧中同时分离氩和氮而产生超高纯液氧。一热交换器或重沸器66连接至第二塔顶冷凝器54及分馏塔60以用在冷凝无烃流56后的第二支流52的一部分蒸发部分超高纯氧。这一过程使超高纯液氧蒸发以在分馏塔60内产生沸腾及部分第二支流52发生冷凝。
精馏塔48的液体馏分流48以及部分第二支流52分别在膨胀阀68及69中被膨胀后混合成一混合流70。在通过阀40被膨胀后,具有粗氧流38的压力的混合流70与在形成第二支流52后保留下来的粗氧流38的一存留部分混合。此混合过程产生冷却剂流33。
在分馏塔内,不是第二支流52的所有都要使超高纯液氧进行沸腾的。因此,一旁流或分流72可以从第二支流52中、位于第二塔顶冷凝器54的下游处取出,并与冷却剂流33(在其蒸发后)混合以形成被蒸发的冷却剂流42。压力的降低是通过膨胀阀74完成的。但是,这不是必须的。如果不用的话,所有的第二支流52都可以用来在分馏塔60内使超高纯液氧沸腾。
为了给空气分离设备1提供制冷从而使热泄漏及热端热交换器(warm end heat exchanger)的损失等得以补偿,从被蒸发的冷却剂流42的另一部分形成一第三支流76。此第三支流76最好是部分热的,所谓“部分热”是指其热度处在主热交换器18的冷端温度和热端温度之间。然后此第三支流在涡轮膨胀机78中加以膨胀以产生致冷。如图所示,涡轮膨胀机78与一再循环压缩机44相连以用至少涡轮膨胀器所作的一部分功来为再循环压缩机所用。主要包含氩和氮的分馏塔60内的塔顶馏出物可以与所形成的被涡轮膨胀的膨胀流80混合以产生废氮流82,这股废氮流在主热交换器18中完全加热到主热交换器18热端的温度。
在分馏塔60内的、所形成的超高纯液氧包含的是氧,不到10亿分之三(体积)的烃如甲烷,乙炔,丙烷及丙烯,不到10亿分之50(体积)的氩和不到10亿分之一(体积)的氮。超高纯液氧流可以作为产品流84从部分流过热交换器66的再循环沸腾流(recirculating boil-up stream)86中取出以使分馏塔60沸腾。可以理解的是,如果需要超高纯氧成为气态产品,产品流的一部分或全部可以通过一另外的蒸发器而被蒸发,或者从分馏塔60,并通过主热交换器18而作为蒸气取出。
虽然本发明是通过一较佳实施例来叙述的,但是,可以理解,熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在不离开本发明的精神实质和范围的情况下完全可以对本发明及其实施例作出种种的改变和增删。这些变化和增删均拟落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种制取超高纯氧的方法,该方法包括:
通过低温精馏工艺将空气在一蒸馏塔内分离成富氧馏分及富氮馏分;
所述低温精馏工艺包括:
形成一通过阀膨胀的冷却剂流,该冷却剂流由所述氧富馏分组成;
通过在所述阀膨胀冷却剂流与所述富氮流之间的间接热交换把一由富氮馏分组成的富氮流加以冷凝,从而形成一蒸发冷却剂流,并且用至少部分所述富氮流作为蒸馏塔的回流;
压缩至少一部分所述蒸发的冷却剂流至所述蒸馏塔的塔压力以形成一压缩的粗氧流,及
冷却所述被压缩的粗氧流并把部分所述被压缩的粗氧流引入所述蒸馏塔内,
从冷却后的所述被压缩的粗氧流的存留部分形成一第一支流;
在精馏塔中精馏所述第一支流以在所述分馏塔内产生一基本无烃的塔顶馏出物及一作为塔底残存物的液态馏分,塔底残存物中聚集了包括烃在内的较高沸点杂质;
从由所述氧富馏分组成的粗氧流的一部分形成一第二支流;
从所述基本无烃的塔顶馏出物形成一无烃流;
在所述第二支流和所述无烃流之间进行间接热交换以冷凝所述无烃流;
以部分所述无烃流作为精馏塔的回流,并把另一部分无烃流引入分馏塔以从中除去氩和氮而产生作为塔底残存物的超高纯氧;
用至少部分所述第二支流蒸发部分所述超高纯氧以在所述分馏塔中产生沸腾,将所述精馏塔的所述液态馏分流与至少部分第二支流混合以产生一混合流,并且把所述混合流与所述粗氧流的一存留部分混合以形成所述冷却剂流;以及,从所述分馏塔取出超高纯氧流作为产品。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,部分所述蒸发冷却剂流在所述蒸馏塔的温度下被压缩;
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,它进一步包括:
从所述蒸发的冷却剂流的又一部分形成一第三支流;
膨胀所述第三支流,用所述膨胀所作的功供所述低温精馏工艺致冷;
利用至少一部分膨胀的功来压缩所述蒸发的冷却剂流。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述空气被压缩,净化,冷却至适合于精馏的温度;
经过冷凝后的部分所述富氮流的一部分形成一产品流;
从在所述分馏塔内产生的塔顶馏出物形成一废流;以及
所述空气和所述至少部分所述压缩的粗氧流通过与所述产品、废流及所述第三支流间接热交换而得到冷却。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述空气被分离因此所述富氮馏分是高纯度氮。
6.一种用以制取超高纯氧产品的设备包括:
一空气分离设备,该设备包括:
一主热交换装置用以冷却经压缩和净化的空气至适合于对该空气进行精馏的温度,
一蒸馏塔与所述主热交换器装置相连以将所述经压缩和净化的空气分离成富氧馏分及富氮馏分;
一第一塔顶冷凝器与所述蒸馏塔相连,使由所述富氮馏分所组成的富氮流通过与由富氧馏分组成的冷却剂流的间接热交换而被冷凝,从而形成一蒸发的冷却剂流,且以至少一部分所述富氮流作为对所述蒸馏塔的回流;以及
一再循环压缩机连接在所述主热交换装置及所述第一塔顶冷凝器之间,使至少部分蒸发的冷却剂流被压缩到蒸馏塔的塔压,从而形成一被压缩的粗氧流,然后,所述被压缩的粗氧流被冷却至所述温度。
一精馏塔;
所述蒸馏塔及所述精馏塔连接至所述主热交换装置,以使所述部分被压缩的粗氧流返回至所述蒸馏塔以及一由所述粗氧流的其余部分形成的第一支流被引入所述精馏塔;
所述精馏塔的结构可以将包含在所述第一支流内的所述富氧馏分进行精馏,从而产生一基本上无烃的塔顶馏出物以及一作为塔底残存物的液态馏分,此塔底沉积物聚集着包括烃在内的较高沸点杂质;
一第二塔顶冷凝器连接至精馏塔,以用于接受由所述富氧馏分组成的粗氧流的一部分形成的第二支流,以及用于在所述第二支流及一由所述无烃塔顶馏出物组成的无烃流之间进行间接热交换,从而冷凝所述无烃流以及把一部分所述无烃流返回到精馏塔作为回流;
一分馏塔连接至所述第二塔顶冷凝器以接受另一部分经冷凝后的无烃流;
所述分馏塔的结构可以从所述另一无烃流中除去氩和氮以产生作为塔底残存物的超纯氧;
一膨胀阀设置在所述分馏塔和所述第二塔顶冷凝器之间以利于从所述另一无烃流中除去氩和氮;
一热交换装置连接于所述第二塔顶冷凝器和所述分馏塔以配用至少一部分在冷凝所述无烃流后的所述第二支流而蒸发部分超高纯氧,以在分馏塔内产生沸腾;
所述精馏塔及所述热交换装置连接起来以把所述精馏塔的所述液态馏分和至少部分所述第二支流相混合,从而产生一混合流;
把所述粗氧流的一其余部分与所述混合流混合起来的装置,用以形成所述冷却剂流,并将所述冷却剂流膨胀至一为冷凝所述富氮流足够低的温度;以及,
从所述分馏塔取出作为产品的超高纯氧流的装置。
7.如权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述再循环压缩机连接至所述主热交换装置以使部分所述被蒸发的冷却剂流在所述蒸馏塔的温度下被压缩。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的设备,其特征在于,该设备还包括动力膨胀装置,它用来膨胀经部分加热的、由另一部分所述蒸发冷却剂流形成的第三支流,用其膨胀功供低温精馏工艺致冷;以及,所述动力膨胀装置连接于所述再循环压缩机以使至少部分膨胀功可被用于压缩所述粗氧流。
CN96106926A 1995-06-26 1996-06-26 制取超高纯氧的方法和设备 Pending CN1158978A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/494,899 1995-06-26
US08/494,899 US5528906A (en) 1995-06-26 1995-06-26 Method and apparatus for producing ultra-high purity oxygen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1158978A true CN1158978A (zh) 1997-09-10

Family

ID=23966419

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN96106926A Pending CN1158978A (zh) 1995-06-26 1996-06-26 制取超高纯氧的方法和设备

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US5528906A (zh)
EP (1) EP0751358A3 (zh)
JP (1) JPH0914832A (zh)
KR (1) KR970002229A (zh)
CN (1) CN1158978A (zh)
AU (1) AU698037B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2175775A1 (zh)
IL (1) IL118053A0 (zh)
MY (1) MY132272A (zh)
SG (1) SG38969A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA963791B (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101424478A (zh) * 2007-10-25 2009-05-06 林德股份公司 用于低温空气分馏的方法
CN111795544A (zh) * 2019-04-08 2020-10-20 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 低温空气分离设备
CN112955707A (zh) * 2018-10-23 2021-06-11 林德有限责任公司 用于低温分离空气的方法和设备

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9607200D0 (en) * 1996-04-04 1996-06-12 Boc Group Plc Air separation
US5682765A (en) * 1996-12-12 1997-11-04 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic rectification system for producing argon and lower purity oxygen
US5918482A (en) * 1998-02-17 1999-07-06 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic rectification system for producing ultra-high purity nitrogen and ultra-high purity oxygen
DE19817794A1 (de) * 1998-04-21 1999-10-28 Basf Ag Hochreine wässrige Wasserstoffperoxid-Lösungen, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung
US6279345B1 (en) 2000-05-18 2001-08-28 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic air separation system with split kettle recycle
US6327873B1 (en) 2000-06-14 2001-12-11 Praxair Technology Inc. Cryogenic rectification system for producing ultra high purity oxygen
US6397632B1 (en) * 2001-07-11 2002-06-04 Praxair Technology, Inc. Gryogenic rectification method for increased argon production
US6460373B1 (en) 2001-12-04 2002-10-08 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic rectification system for producing high purity oxygen
DE102007024168A1 (de) * 2007-05-24 2008-11-27 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperatur-Luftzerlegung
DE102007051184A1 (de) * 2007-10-25 2009-04-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperatur-Luftzerlegung
DE102008064117A1 (de) 2008-12-19 2009-05-28 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
EP2236964B1 (de) 2009-03-24 2019-11-20 Linde AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperatur-Luftzerlegung

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6124967A (ja) * 1984-07-13 1986-02-03 大同酸素株式会社 高純度窒素ガス製造装置
US4560397A (en) * 1984-08-16 1985-12-24 Union Carbide Corporation Process to produce ultrahigh purity oxygen
US4615716A (en) * 1985-08-27 1986-10-07 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Process for producing ultra high purity oxygen
DE3722746A1 (de) * 1987-07-09 1989-01-19 Linde Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur luftzerlegung durch rektifikation
US4783210A (en) * 1987-12-14 1988-11-08 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Air separation process with modified single distillation column nitrogen generator
US4869741A (en) * 1988-05-13 1989-09-26 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Ultra pure liquid oxygen cycle
US4867772A (en) * 1988-11-29 1989-09-19 Liquid Air Engineering Corporation Cryogenic gas purification process and apparatus
GB8828134D0 (en) * 1988-12-02 1989-01-05 Boc Group Plc Air separation
JPH0672740B2 (ja) * 1989-01-20 1994-09-14 ル・エール・リクイツド・ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・ル・エチユド・エ・ル・エクスプルワテション・デ・プロセデ・ジエオルジエ・クロード 空気分離及び超高純度酸素製造方法並びに装置
US5049173A (en) * 1990-03-06 1991-09-17 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Production of ultra-high purity oxygen from cryogenic air separation plants
US5133790A (en) * 1991-06-24 1992-07-28 Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corporation Cryogenic rectification method for producing refined argon
US5235816A (en) * 1991-10-10 1993-08-17 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic rectification system for producing high purity oxygen
US5218825A (en) * 1991-11-15 1993-06-15 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Coproduction of a normal purity and ultra high purity volatile component from a multi-component stream
US5228296A (en) * 1992-02-27 1993-07-20 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic rectification system with argon heat pump
US5195324A (en) * 1992-03-19 1993-03-23 Prazair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic rectification system for producing nitrogen and ultra high purity oxygen
JP2966999B2 (ja) * 1992-04-13 1999-10-25 日本エア・リキード株式会社 超高純度窒素・酸素製造装置

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101424478A (zh) * 2007-10-25 2009-05-06 林德股份公司 用于低温空气分馏的方法
CN112955707A (zh) * 2018-10-23 2021-06-11 林德有限责任公司 用于低温分离空气的方法和设备
CN112955707B (zh) * 2018-10-23 2023-01-24 林德有限责任公司 用于低温分离空气的方法和设备
CN111795544A (zh) * 2019-04-08 2020-10-20 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 低温空气分离设备
CN111795544B (zh) * 2019-04-08 2024-05-10 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 低温空气分离设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2175775A1 (en) 1996-12-27
AU698037B2 (en) 1998-10-22
JPH0914832A (ja) 1997-01-17
IL118053A0 (en) 1996-08-04
AU5089996A (en) 1997-01-09
EP0751358A2 (en) 1997-01-02
ZA963791B (en) 1996-09-05
SG38969A1 (en) 1997-04-17
MY132272A (en) 2007-09-28
EP0751358A3 (en) 1997-05-07
US5528906A (en) 1996-06-25
KR970002229A (ko) 1997-01-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE69509841T2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Sauerstoff
CN1158978A (zh) 制取超高纯氧的方法和设备
DE69004773T2 (de) Kühlverfahren, der angewandte Kühlkreislauf und seine Anwendung in der Lufttrennung.
KR100192874B1 (ko) 공기 분리
US4133662A (en) Production of high pressure oxygen
US3508412A (en) Production of nitrogen by air separation
KR100190258B1 (ko) 공기분리방법
JPH0881211A (ja) 一酸化炭素の製造方法及びその製造プラント
CA1283846C (en) Air separation process with modified single distillation columnnitrogen generator
KR100198352B1 (ko) 질소 생성을 위한 공기 분리방법 및 장치
KR20080010417A (ko) 액화 천연 가스로부터의 2단계 질소 제거
CN1083098C (zh) 空气分离
NZ260393A (en) Air separation: liquid nitrogen reflux obtained from intermediate mass transfer region of low pressure rectifier
EP1169609B1 (en) Variable capacity fluid mixture separation apparatus and process
EP0384688B2 (en) Air separation
CN1296669C (zh) 氮气排除方法
US5832747A (en) Cryogenic adjustment of hydrogen and carbon monoxide content of syngas
JPH07332846A (ja) 空気の分離
EP1167294B1 (en) Cryogenic H2 and carbon monoxide production with an impure carbon monoxide expander
US4783208A (en) Air separation
CN1470836A (zh) 带有混合塔和氪-氙回收装置的空气分馏工艺及设备
CN1185456C (zh) 制备氮的装置和方法
US5144808A (en) Cryogenic air separation process and apparatus
CN1117260C (zh) 空气的分离方法和装置
JPH11325717A (ja) 空気の分離

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C01 Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993)
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication