CN115891097A - One-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment for high-performance wood-plastic composite material - Google Patents
One-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment for high-performance wood-plastic composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a one-step extrusion molding energy-saving device for a high-performance wood-plastic composite material, which comprises a forward and reverse bidirectional thread incongruous conical double-screw radial discharging extrusion device, a feeder and a large slotted homodromous conical double-screw extruder; the radial ejection of compact extrusion device of positive and negative two-way screw thread incorgruous tapered double screw is located upper portion, and the mixture gets into big fluting syntropy tapered double screw extruder all between through the pan feeding ware, and the width ratio of the flight of the screw rod of this extruder and spiral shell groove is not more than 1: and 4, uniform gaps are formed at the intersections of the spiral edges. The energy-saving device overcomes the technical defect that the wood fiber reinforcing effect of the wood fiber is difficult to fully exert due to the fact that the existing extrusion device is subjected to screw shearing to reduce and break the wood fiber and cannot retain the original form of the wood fiber, and the problem of heat loss in the processes of cooling and storing the material from a molten state and heating and melting the material in a two-step process is solved, so that the high-performance long wood fiber reinforced wood-plastic composite material is produced in a more energy-saving mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of new material manufacturing equipment, in particular to one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment for a high-performance wood-plastic composite material.
Background
The wood-plastic composite material (wood-plastic for short) is a composite material prepared by using a thermoplastic polymer as a matrix, using wood fibers as a filling reinforcing material, and adopting the molding processes of extrusion, injection molding, mould pressing and the like through melt compounding, has the dual advantages of wood and plastic, and is an environment-friendly material with outstanding comprehensive performance and remarkable ecological and economic benefits. Is widely applied to industries such as buildings, garden landscape, decoration and fitment, logistics packaging and the like.
The forming process of the wood-plastic composite material mainly adopts a two-step method for extrusion forming, firstly, wood fibers and thermoplastic plastics are subjected to high-speed shearing and melting compound granulation by parallel double screws, and after the granulated materials are cooled, the wood fibers and the thermoplastic plastics are subjected to extrusion forming by utilizing the larger translation conveying capacity of the incongruous conical double screws. The mechanical property of the wood-plastic composite material is in direct proportion to the length or the length-diameter ratio of wood fibers within a certain range, the larger the length of the wood fibers is, the higher the length-diameter ratio is, the better the reinforcing effect is, but the high-speed shearing action of the parallel double screws can damage the original form of the wood fibers, the wood fibers are cut short and crushed into powdery particles, and meanwhile, the thermal degradation by shearing occurs, so that the reinforcing effect of the wood fibers is greatly reduced. The molecular chain of the thermoplastic polymer is also broken under the strong shearing action of the screw, and the strength is reduced. In addition, when the cooled wood-plastic granules enter the extrusion molding of the incongruous conical double screws, secondary heating melting plasticization is needed, so that heat loss and labor force increase are caused, meanwhile, the plasticization section of the incongruous conical double screws can also cause secondary shearing to the materials, the quality of the whole product is finally reduced, the energy consumption is increased, and the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one defect in the prior art and provides one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment for a high-performance wood-plastic composite material.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment for the high-performance wood-plastic composite material comprises a forward and reverse bidirectional thread incongruous conical double-screw radial discharge extrusion device, a feeder, a large-groove homodromous conical double-screw extruder,
the positive and negative two-way thread incongruous conical double-screw radial discharge extrusion device is positioned at the upper part, the screw rod of the positive and negative two-way thread incongruous conical double-screw radial discharge extrusion device comprises a working part and a tail part, the thread of the working part is a positive thread, the thread of the tail part is a reverse thread, and a first discharge port of the positive and negative two-way thread incongruous conical double-screw radial discharge extrusion device is communicated with a first feed port of the feeder;
a second feed inlet of the conical twin-screw extruder with the same direction and the same interval of large grooves is communicated with the lower part of a second discharge hole of the feeder;
the width ratio of the screw ridge to the screw groove of the screw of the large-groove uniform interval equidirectional conical double-screw extruder is not more than 1: and 4, uniform gaps are formed at the intersections of the spiral edges.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the feeding device comprises a fixed platform, the fixed platform is provided with a sliding frame, and the sliding frame is connected with a charging barrel.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the width ratio of the screw ridges to the screw grooves is 1: (4-8).
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the width of the screw ridge of the screw of the large-groove uniform interval conical double-screw extruder is 10-15 mm.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the width of the screw groove of the screw of the large-groove uniform interval homodromous conical twin-screw extruder is 60-100 mm.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the width of the gap is not less than 10mm.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the gap width is 10-15 mm.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the first discharge port of the forward and reverse two-way thread counter-rotating conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device is a radial discharge port and is located at the junction of the forward thread of the working part and the reverse thread of the tail part.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the first discharge port is provided with a material die, the die is provided with a through hole, and materials are extruded through the through hole of the die.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the feeder is provided with at least one observation window.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment for the high-performance wood-plastic composite material solves the technical defects that the existing extrusion equipment cannot maintain the original form of wood fiber due to degradation and breakage of the wood fiber caused by screw shearing, so that the wood fiber reinforcing effect on wood plastic is difficult to fully exert, solves the problems of material temperature reduction and storage from a molten state and heat loss in the reheating and melting process in a two-step process, and produces the high-performance long wood fiber reinforced wood-plastic composite material in a more energy-saving mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a one-step extrusion forming energy-saving device according to some embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a forward and reverse two-way thread counter-direction conical double-screw-mark radial discharge extrusion device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the feeder.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a large slotted homodromous conical twin-screw extruder.
Reference numerals:
the device comprises a positive and negative bidirectional thread different-direction conical double-screw radial discharge extrusion device-1, a screw cylinder-11, a different-direction conical screw-12, an extension shaft suspension bearing box-13, a first discharge port (radial discharge port) -14, a material mold-15 and a bearing-16;
a material inlet device-2, a material inlet (a first material inlet port) -21, a fixed platform-22, a sliding frame-23 and a charging barrel-24
Big slotted uniform interval conical twin-screw extruder-3, screw ridge-31, screw slot-32 and gap-33.
Fig. 5 is SEM photograph of poplar fiber after different treatments.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number. If there is a description of first and second for the purpose of distinguishing technical features only, this is not to be understood as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of technical features indicated.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the term "connected" is to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection or a movable connection, a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically, electrically or otherwise in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through both elements or indirectly connected through any combination thereof.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different aspects of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment for the high-performance wood-plastic composite material comprises a forward and reverse bidirectional thread incongruous conical double-screw radial discharge extrusion device 1, a material feeder 2, a large-groove uniform interval homodromous conical double-screw extruder 3,
the positive and negative bidirectional thread different-direction conical double-screw radial discharging extrusion device 1 is positioned at the upper part and comprises a screw barrel 11, a different-direction conical screw 12 comprises a working part and a tail part, the thread of the working part is a positive thread, the thread of the tail part is a reverse thread, and a first discharge hole 15 of the positive and negative bidirectional thread different-direction conical double-screw radial discharging extrusion device 1 is communicated with a first feed hole 21 of the feeder 2;
a second feed inlet of the large slotted homodromous conical double-screw extruder 3 is communicated with the lower part of a second discharge hole of the feeder 2;
the width ratio of the screw ridge 31 to the screw groove 32 of the screw of the large-groove uniform interval equidirectional conical double-screw extruder is not more than 1: and 4, uniform gaps 33 are formed at the intersections of the spiral edges 31 and the spiral edge intersections 31.
More specifically, an extension shaft extends out of the screw barrel 11 after the reverse thread, an extension shaft suspension bearing box 13 is arranged outside the screw barrel 11, and two extension shaft suspensions of the double screws are rotated by four groups of bearings 16.
Since the fed material is hot material, the compression mixing section efficiency of a common twin screw is not needed, and the width ratio of the screw rib 31 to the screw groove 32 is 1: the rear screw groove 32 with the width of more than 4 is wide, so that strip-shaped materials can conveniently enter the screw groove 32 to be conveyed, the intersection of the screw ridge 31 and the screw groove 32 is provided with a uniform gap 33, so that the materials are not sheared in the whole process, the original form of wood fibers in the materials is kept, the forward conveying and high compression force of the conical screw are convenient for the materials to be extruded and molded, and the purposes of compaction compression and stable extrusion are achieved.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the width ratio of the spiral ridge 31 to the spiral groove 32 is 1: (4-8). Under the width ratio, the original form of the wood fiber can be better maintained, and the performance of the wood-plastic composite material is further improved.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the width of the screw ridge 31 of the screw of the large-groove uniform interval conical double-screw extruder 3 is 10-15 mm. This ensures that the screw flights 31 have sufficient strength to operate and also better retain the original form of the wood fibres.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the width of the screw groove 32 of the screw of the large-groove uniform interval conical double-screw extruder 3 is 60-100 mm. Therefore, the large volume can be ensured when the raw materials are pushed, and meanwhile, the damage to the wood fibers is also reduced.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the width of the gap 33 is not less than 10mm.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the width of the gap 33 is 10-15 mm.
Due to the arrangement of the gap 33, the materials are not sheared when the spiral edges 31 and the spiral edges 31 move and intersect, so that the original form of wood fibers can be better maintained, and the performance of the wood-plastic composite material is improved.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the first discharge port 14 is provided with a material mold 15, the mold is provided with a through hole, and the material is extruded through the through hole of the mold. Therefore, the material can enter the screw of the conical twin-screw extruder with the same direction and the same interval in the large groove in a strip shape.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the first discharge port of the forward and reverse two-way thread incongruous conical double-screw radial discharge extrusion device is a radial discharge port 14, and is located at the junction of the forward thread of the working part and the reverse thread of the tail part. The efficient mixing plasticization and high-compression low-shear characteristics of the working section of the incongruous conical screw are utilized, so that the mixed material is compressed and mixed by the incongruous rotating conical double screws after entering the feeding port, is conveyed forwards by the forward conveying screw thread, is compressed by the reverse screw thread when reaching the reverse screw thread, enters the material die 15 of the discharge port at the radial discharge port 14 of the screw cylinder part, and is extruded by the circular holes arranged in rows on the die in a round strip shape, the degradation and damage of the screw shear on wood fibers are weakened to the maximum degree in the whole plasticizing conveying and extruding process, and the effects of uniform mixing and complete plasticization are achieved.
In some examples of high-performance wood-plastic composite one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the feeder 2 comprises a fixed platform 22, the fixed platform 22 is provided with a sliding frame 23, and the sliding frame 23 is connected with a charging barrel 24. Like this when big fluting is equal during syntropy tapered twin screw extruder 3's second feed inlet blocks up, transfer feed cylinder 24 that can be convenient, and then clear up the second feed inlet.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the charging barrel is made of a transparent material, such as glass, so that the feeding condition can be conveniently observed. In particular, the cartridge is made of double glazing, which has a better thermal insulation effect.
In some examples of the high-performance wood-plastic composite one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the feeder is provided with at least one observation window. This allows easy observation of the feed.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the examples.
Example 1
The manufacturing method of the PE-based wood-plastic composite material produced by the one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material comprises the following steps:
fully and uniformly mixing 65 parts of poplar fiber (40 to 80 meshes), 18 parts of HDPE, 10 parts of MAPE, 5 parts of talcum powder, 1.7 parts of lubricant and 0.3 part of antioxidant, adding the mixture into a hopper of a forward and reverse bidirectional threaded incongruous conical twin-screw radial discharge extruder, performing melt compounding granulation, allowing hot PE-based wood-plastic granules to fall into a feeding port of a large-slotted uniform homodromous conical twin-screw extruder through a visual feeder, and performing extrusion molding to obtain the PE-based wood-plastic composite material.
The performance test results of the prepared PE-based wood-plastic composite material, such as tensile property, bending property, impact property, creep recovery rate, water absorption dimensional change rate, production energy consumption and the like, and the dimensional test results before and after extrusion of poplar fibers are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
The manufacturing method of the PP-based wood-plastic floor produced by the one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material comprises the following steps:
fully and uniformly mixing 65 parts of poplar fiber (40 to 80 meshes), 18 parts of PP, 10 parts of MAPP, 5 parts of talcum powder, 1.7 parts of lubricant and 0.3 part of antioxidant, adding the mixture into a hopper of a forward and reverse bidirectional threaded incongruous conical double-screw radial discharge extruder, performing melt compounding granulation, allowing hot PP-based wood-plastic granules to fall into a feeding port of a large-slotted uniform homodromous conical double-screw extruder through a visual feeder, and performing extrusion molding to obtain a PP-based wood-plastic composite material.
The test results of the properties of the prepared PP-based wood-plastic composite material, such as tensile property, bending property, impact property, creep recovery rate, water absorption dimensional change rate, production energy consumption and the like, and the test results of the dimensions of the poplar fibers before and after extrusion are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 1
A manufacturing method of a PE-based wood-plastic floor produced by adopting the two-step extrusion equipment comprises the following steps:
s1, fully and uniformly mixing 65 parts of poplar fiber (40 to 80 meshes), 18 parts of HDPE, 10 parts of MAPE, 5 parts of talcum powder, 1.7 parts of lubricant and 0.3 part of antioxidant, performing melt compounding by adopting a traditional parallel double-screw extruder, obtaining hot PE-based wood-plastic granules at a discharge port, cooling by a secondary or tertiary cyclone separator to obtain PE-based wood-plastic granules, and storing for later use;
s2, adding the PE-based wood-plastic granules into a feeding port of a conical double-screw or single-screw extruder, heating and melting, and then extruding and molding to obtain the PE-based wood-plastic composite material.
The tensile property, bending property, impact property, creep recovery rate, water absorption dimensional change rate, production energy consumption and other performance test results of the prepared PE-based wood-plastic floor and dimensional test results before and after extruding poplar fibers are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
A manufacturing method of a PE-based wood-plastic floor produced by adopting the two-step extrusion equipment comprises the following steps:
s1, after 65 parts of poplar fiber (40 to 80 meshes), 18 parts of PP, 10 parts of MAPE, 5 parts of talcum powder, 1.7 parts of lubricant and 0.3 part of antioxidant are fully and uniformly mixed, a traditional parallel double-screw extruder is adopted for melting and compounding, hot PP-based wood-plastic granules are obtained at a discharge port, and the hot PP-based wood-plastic granules are cooled by a secondary or tertiary cyclone separator to obtain PP-based wood-plastic granules which are stored for later use;
s2, adding the PP-based wood-plastic granules into a feeding port of a conical double-screw or single-screw extruder, heating and melting, and then extruding and molding to obtain the PP-based wood-plastic composite material.
The test results of the properties of the PP-based wood-plastic floor, such as tensile property, bending property, impact property, creep recovery rate, water absorption dimensional change rate, production energy consumption and the like, and the test results of the dimensions of the poplar fibers before and after extrusion are shown in Table 2.
Fig. 5 is an SEM photograph of poplar fibers after different treatments, wherein:
(a) The method comprises the following steps Original SEM photos of 40-80 mesh poplar fibers which are not extruded;
(b) The method comprises the following steps SEM (scanning Electron microscope) picture of liquid nitrogen catalytic cross section of the PE wood-plastic material in the embodiment 1;
(C) The method comprises the following steps SEM (scanning Electron microscope) picture of a liquid nitrogen freezing section of the PE wood-plastic material in the example 1;
(d) The method comprises the following steps SEM photograph of poplar fiber extracted from PE wood plastic material of example 1;
(e) The method comprises the following steps SEM (scanning Electron microscope) picture of liquid nitrogen catalytic cross section of the PE wood-plastic composite in the comparative example 1;
(f) The method comprises the following steps SEM photograph of liquid nitrogen frozen section of the PE wood-plastic material in the comparative example 1;
(g) The method comprises the following steps SEM photograph of poplar fiber extracted from PE wood plastic material in comparative example 1.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, after the screw shearing and plasticizing of the one-step extrusion molding energy-saving device for the high-performance wood-plastic composite material, the size and the form of the poplar fiber basically keep the original state, and after the screw shearing and plasticizing of the traditional two-step extrusion device, the fiber is seriously sheared and damaged to become small fragments.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
From the experimental data in tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the length, diameter and length-diameter ratio of the fiber are significantly reduced after the poplar fiber is sheared by the screw of the traditional two-step extrusion equipment, while the original value of the fiber is basically retained after the poplar fiber is sheared by the screw of the one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment for the high-performance wood-plastic composite material. The tensile property, bending property, impact property, creep recovery rate and water absorption dimensional stability of the wood-plastic composite material obtained by extrusion of the one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material are obviously higher than those of the performance test results of a two-step method, production energy consumption and the like, and the energy consumption of the one-step extrusion molding of the invention is reduced by about 20% compared with that of the traditional two-step method.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention and is not to be taken in a limiting sense. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that simple deductions or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment for the high-performance wood-plastic composite material comprises a forward and reverse bidirectional thread incongruous conical double-screw radial discharge extrusion device, a feeder and a large-groove homodromous conical double-screw extruder, and is characterized in that,
the positive and negative two-way thread incongruous conical double-screw radial discharge extrusion device is positioned at the upper part, the screw rod of the positive and negative two-way thread incongruous conical double-screw radial discharge extrusion device comprises a working part and a tail part, the thread of the working part is a positive thread, the thread of the tail part is a reverse thread, and a first discharge port of the positive and negative two-way thread incongruous conical double-screw radial discharge extrusion device is communicated with a first feed port of the feeder;
a second feed inlet of the conical twin-screw extruder with the same direction and the same interval of large grooves is communicated with the lower part of a second discharge hole of the feeder;
the width ratio of the screw ridge to the screw groove of the screw of the large-groove uniform interval equidirectional conical double-screw extruder is not more than 1: and 4, uniform gaps are formed at the intersections of the spiral edges.
2. The one-step wood-plastic composite extruder according to claim 1, wherein the feeder comprises a fixed platform provided with a sliding frame, and the sliding frame is connected with a charging barrel.
3. The one-step wood-plastic composite extruder according to claim 1, wherein the width ratio of the screw ridge to the screw groove is 1: (4-8).
4. The one-step wood-plastic composite extruder according to claim 1, wherein the width of the screw ridge of the screw of the large slotted homodromous conical twin-screw extruder is 10-15 mm, so that the screw ridge has sufficient strength when working.
5. The one-step wood-plastic composite extruder according to claim 1, wherein the width of the screw groove of the screw of the large slotted homodromous conical twin-screw extruder is 60-100 mm.
6. The one-step wood-plastic composite extruder according to claim 1, wherein the width of the gap is not less than 10mm.
7. The one-step wood-plastic composite extruder according to claim 6, wherein the gap width is 10-15 mm.
8. The one-step wood-plastic composite extruder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first discharge port of the forward and backward two-way screw thread counter-rotating conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device is a radial discharge port located at the junction of the forward screw thread of the working part and the backward screw thread of the tail part.
9. The one-step wood-plastic composite extruder according to claim 1, wherein the first discharge port is provided with a material die, the die is provided with a through hole, and the material is extruded through the through hole of the die.
10. The one-step wood-plastic composite extruder according to claim 1, wherein the feeder has at least one observation window.
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US20030021915A1 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2003-01-30 | Vivek Rohatgi | Cellulose - polymer composites and related manufacturing methods |
US20130065053A1 (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2013-03-14 | Wpc Corporation | Method for producing composite pellet for extrusion molding, and composite pellet for extrusion molding produced by the method |
CN202826362U (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-03-27 | 金世源 | Internal air-exhaust-type parallel counter-rotating multi-screw extruder |
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