CN115891097A - High-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion forming energy-saving equipment, including positive and negative two-way thread different-direction conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device, a feeder and a large slot uniformly conical in the same direction Twin-screw extruder; the positive and negative two-way thread different-direction conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device is located on the upper part, and the mixed material enters the large slot uniformly conical twin-screw extruder through the feeder. The width ratio of the screw flight and the screw groove of the extruded screw is not more than 1:4, and there is a uniform gap at the intersection of the screw flight and the flight. This energy-saving equipment solves the technical defect that the existing extruding equipment screw shears the wood fiber to reduce the crushing and cannot retain the original shape of the wood fiber, which makes it difficult to fully exert the reinforcing effect of the wood fiber on the wood-plastic, and solves the problem in the two-step process The material is cooled and stored from the molten state, and the heat loss problem in the reheating and melting process is used to produce high-performance long wood fiber-reinforced wood-plastic composite materials in a more energy-saving manner.

Description

High-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment

technical field

The invention relates to the field of new material manufacturing equipment, in particular to energy-saving equipment for one-step extrusion molding of high-performance wood-plastic composite materials.

Background technique

Wood-plastic composite material (referred to as wood-plastic) is a kind of composite material made of thermoplastic polymer as matrix, wood fiber as filling and reinforcing material, through melt compounding, extrusion, injection molding or compression molding and other molding processes. With the double advantages of wood and plastic, it is a kind of environmentally friendly material with outstanding comprehensive performance and remarkable ecological and economic benefits. It is widely used in construction, garden landscape, decoration, logistics packaging and other industries.

The molding process of wood-plastic composite materials mainly adopts two-step extrusion molding. First, the wood fiber and thermoplastic are sheared at high speed by parallel twin-screws, melted and compounded to make granules, and after the granulated materials are cooled, the different-direction conical twin The large translational conveying capacity of the screw is used for extrusion molding. The mechanical properties of wood-plastic composite materials are directly proportional to the length or aspect ratio of wood fibers within a certain range. The longer the length of wood fibers and the higher the aspect ratio, the better the reinforcement effect, but the parallel twin-screw high-speed shear The shearing action will destroy the original form of wood fibers, shorten and break wood fibers into powdery particles, and shear thermal degradation will occur at the same time, which will greatly reduce the reinforcement effect of wood fibers. The thermoplastic polymer molecular chain will also be broken under the strong shearing action of the screw, and the strength will be reduced. In addition, when the cooled wood-plastic pellets enter the counter-rotating conical twin-screw extrusion molding, secondary heating, melting and plasticizing is required, resulting in heat loss and labor increase. At the same time, the plasticizing section of the counter-rotating conical twin-screw will also The material causes secondary shearing, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the overall product quality, an increase in energy consumption, and an increase in cost.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome at least one deficiency of the prior art, and provide a high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment.

The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

High-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, including positive and negative two-way thread counter-rotating conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device, feeder, large slot uniformly conical twin-screw extrusion machine,

The positive and negative two-way thread different-direction conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device is located on the upper part, and its screw rod includes a working part and a tail part. The thread of the working part is a forward thread, and the thread of the tail part is a reverse thread. The first discharge port of the reverse two-way threaded counter-conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device is connected with the first feed port of the feeder;

Below the second discharge port of the feeder is communicated with the second feed port of the large slotted uniform co-direction conical twin-screw extruder;

The width ratio of the flight to the groove of the screw of the large-grooved co-rotating conical twin-screw extruder is not greater than 1:4, and there is a uniform gap at the intersection of the flight and the flight.

In some examples of energy-saving equipment for one-step extrusion molding of high-performance wood-plastic composite materials, the feeder includes a fixed platform, and the fixed platform is provided with a sliding frame, and the sliding frame is connected to a barrel.

In some examples of high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the width ratio of the screw rib and the screw groove is 1: (4-8).

In some examples of energy-saving equipment for one-step extrusion molding of high-performance wood-plastic composite materials, the width of the flight of the screw of the large-slotted co-rotating conical twin-screw extruder is 10-15 mm.

In some examples of energy-saving equipment for one-step extrusion molding of high-performance wood-plastic composite materials, the width of the grooves of the screws of the large-slotted co-rotating conical twin-screw extruder is 60-100 mm.

In some examples of high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the width of the gap is not less than 10 mm.

In some examples of high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the gap width is 10-15 mm.

In some examples of energy-saving equipment for one-step extrusion molding of high-performance wood-plastic composite materials, the first outlet of the forward and reverse bidirectional threaded counter-rotating conical twin-screw radial outlet extrusion device is a radial outlet , located at the junction of the forward thread of the working part and the reverse thread of the tail.

In some examples of high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the first outlet is provided with a material mold, and the mold is provided with a through hole, and the material is extruded through the through hole of the mold.

In some examples of energy-saving equipment for one-step extrusion molding of high-performance wood-plastic composite materials, the feeder has at least one observation window.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The energy-saving equipment for one-step extrusion molding of high-performance wood-plastic composite materials of the present invention solves the problem of degradation and fragmentation of wood fibers caused by screw shearing in existing extrusion equipment, and cannot retain the original form of wood fibers, so that wood fibers can enhance the wood-plastic effect The technical defect that is difficult to fully exploit solves the problem of heat loss during the cooling and storage of materials from the molten state in the two-step process, and the heat loss during reheating and melting, and produces high-performance long wood fiber reinforced wood-plastic composite materials in a more energy-saving way .

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of some examples of one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a double-screw radial discharge extrusion device with forward and reverse two-way threads and different directions.

Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the feeder.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a conical twin-screw extruder with large slots and uniform space.

Reference signs:

Positive and negative two-way thread counter-rotating conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device-1, screw barrel-11, counter-rotating conical screw-12, extension shaft suspension bearing box-13, the first discharge port (radial Outlet)-14, material mold-15, bearing-16;

Feeder-2, material inlet (first material inlet)-21, fixed platform-22, sliding frame-23, barrel-24

Conical twin-screw extruder with large slots, uniform space and the same direction - 3, screw edge - 31, screw groove - 32, gap - 33.

Figure 5 is the SEM photos of poplar wood fibers after different treatments.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only In order to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, it does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, several means one or more, and multiple means two or more. Greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood as not including the original number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood as including the original number. If the description of the first and second is only for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, it cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features relation.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a movable connection, or a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection , or integrally connected; can be mechanically connected, can also be electrically connected or can communicate with each other; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary, can be internal communication of two components, indirect communication or two components interaction relationship.

The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different aspects of the present invention.

Referring to Figures 1 to 4, high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, including positive and negative two-way thread counter-rotating conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device 1, feeder 2, large slot and even space Co-rotating conical twin-screw extruder 3,

The positive and negative two-way thread counter-rotating conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device 1 is located on the upper part, including a screw barrel 11, and its counter-rotating conical screw 12 includes a working part and a tail part, and the thread of the working part is a forward thread. The thread at the tail is a reverse thread, and the first discharge port 15 of the forward and reverse bidirectional threaded opposite-to-conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device 1 is connected to the first feed port 21 of the feeder 2 Pass;

Below the second discharge port of the feeder 2 is communicated with the second feed port of the large slotted uniform co-direction conical twin-screw extruder 3;

The width ratio of the flight 31 and the flight 32 of the screw of the large-grooved conical twin-screw extruder is not greater than 1:4, and there is a uniform gap 33 at the intersection of the flight 31 and the flight 31 .

More specifically, after the reverse thread, the extension shaft extends out of the screw barrel 11, and the extension shaft suspension bearing box 13 is installed outside the screw barrel 11, and the two extension shaft suspensions of the twin-screw are rotated by four sets of bearings 16.

Since the feed material is hot material, it does not need the performance of the usual twin-screw compression mixing section. The width ratio of the screw edge 31 and the screw groove 32 is more than 1:4, and the screw groove 32 is wider, so that the strip material can be conveniently Entering the screw groove 32 to be transported, the uniform gap 33 at the intersection of the screw edge 31 and the screw groove 32 prevents the material from being sheared in the whole process and keeps the original shape of the wood fiber in the material. The conical screw has positive conveying and high compression It is convenient for the material to be pressurized and extruded to achieve compact compression and stable extrusion.

In some examples of high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the width ratio of the screw rib 31 and the screw groove 32 is 1: (4-8). Under this width ratio, the original shape of wood fibers can be better maintained, thereby improving the performance of wood-plastic composite materials.

In some examples of energy-saving equipment for one-step extrusion molding of high-performance wood-plastic composite materials, the width of the flight 31 of the screw of the large-slotted uniformly conical twin-screw extruder 3 is 10-15 mm. In this way, sufficient strength can be ensured for the screw edge 31 to work, and the original shape of the wood fiber can be better maintained.

In some examples of energy-saving equipment for one-step extrusion molding of high-performance wood-plastic composite materials, the width of the groove 32 of the screw of the large-grooved co-rotating conical twin-screw extruder 3 is 60-100 mm. This can ensure a larger volume when pushing raw materials, and also reduces damage to wood fibers.

In some examples of high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the width of the gap 33 is not less than 10 mm.

In some examples of high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the width of the gap 33 is 10-15 mm.

The gap 33 is set so that the material will not be sheared when the screw flight 31 crosses the screw flight 31, so that the original shape of the wood fiber can be better maintained, and the performance of the wood-plastic composite material can be improved.

In some examples of high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment, the first discharge port 14 is provided with a material mold 15, and the mold is provided with a through hole, and the material is extruded through the through hole of the mold . In this way, the material can enter the screw of the large slot uniformly conical twin-screw extruder in a long strip.

In some examples of energy-saving equipment for one-step extrusion molding of high-performance wood-plastic composite materials, the first outlet of the forward and reverse bidirectional threaded counter-rotating conical twin-screw radial outlet extrusion device is a radial outlet 14, located at the junction of the forward thread of the working part and the reverse thread of the tail. Using the high-efficiency mixing and plasticizing, high-compression and low-shear characteristics of the working section of the counter-rotating conical screw, the mixed material is compressed and mixed by the counter-rotating conical twin-screw after entering the material inlet, and conveyed by the forward direction. The thread is conveyed forward, and when it reaches the reverse thread, it is compressed by the reverse thread. At the radial outlet 14 of the screw barrel, the material entering the outlet mold 15 is formed by the row holes on the mold. Round strip extrusion, the whole process of plasticizing conveying and extrusion weakens the degradation and damage of wood fiber caused by screw shearing to the greatest extent, so as to achieve the effect of uniform mixing and complete plasticization.

In some examples of energy-saving equipment for one-step extrusion molding of high-performance wood-plastic composite materials, the feeder 2 includes a fixed platform 22, and the fixed platform 22 is provided with a sliding frame 23, and the sliding frame 23 is connected to a barrel twenty four. In this way, when the second feed port of the conical twin-screw extruder 3 with large grooves is blocked, the barrel 24 can be transferred conveniently, and then the second feed port is cleaned.

In some examples of energy-saving equipment for one-step extrusion of high-performance wood-plastic composite materials, the barrel is made of transparent materials, such as glass, so that the feeding situation can be easily observed. In particular, the barrel is made of double-layer glass, which has a better thermal insulation effect.

In some examples of energy-saving equipment for one-step extrusion molding of high-performance wood-plastic composite materials, the feeder has at least one observation window. This makes it easy to observe the feeding situation.

Below in conjunction with example, further illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention.

Example 1

A method for manufacturing a PE-based wood-plastic composite material produced by the one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

Mix 65 parts of poplar wood fiber (40~80 mesh), 18 parts of HDPE, 10 parts of MAPE, 5 parts of talcum powder, 1.7 parts of lubricant, and 0.3 parts of antioxidant, and add them to the positive and negative two-way threaded counter-cone type The hopper of the twin-screw radial discharge extruder is melted and compounded to granulate, and the hot PE-based wood-plastic pellets fall into the hopper of the large-slotted uniformly conical twin-screw extruder through the visible feeder. The feeding port is extruded to obtain PE-based wood-plastic composite materials. The whole process is completed in one step. The PE-based wood-plastic pellets are not cooled and then heated and melted.

The tensile properties, bending properties, impact properties, creep recovery rate, water absorption rate, water absorption dimensional change rate and production energy consumption of the prepared PE-based wood-plastic composite materials, as well as the dimensions of poplar fibers before and after extrusion The test results are shown in Table 1.

Example 2

A method for manufacturing a PP-based wood-plastic floor using one-step extrusion molding of high-performance wood-plastic composite material of the present invention and energy-saving equipment, comprising the following steps:

Mix 65 parts of poplar fiber (40~80 mesh), 18 parts of PP, 10 parts of MAPP, 5 parts of talcum powder, 1.7 parts of lubricant, and 0.3 parts of antioxidant, and add them to the positive and negative two-way threaded counter-cone type The hopper of the twin-screw radial discharge extruder is melted and compounded to granulate, and the hot PP-based wood-plastic pellets fall into the hopper of the large-slotted uniformly conical twin-screw extruder through the visible feeder. The feeding port is extruded to obtain PP-based wood-plastic composite materials. The whole process is completed in one step, and the PP-based wood-plastic pellets have not undergone cooling and then heating and melting.

The performance test results of the prepared PP-based wood-plastic composite materials such as tensile properties, bending properties, impact properties, creep recovery rate, water absorption rate, water absorption dimensional change rate and production energy consumption, as well as the dimensions of poplar fibers before and after extrusion The test results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative example 1

A method for manufacturing PE-based wood-plastic flooring produced by the two-step extrusion equipment, comprising the following steps:

S1. After fully mixing 65 parts of poplar fiber (40~80 mesh), 18 parts of HDPE, 10 parts of MAPE, 5 parts of talcum powder, 1.7 parts of lubricant, and 0.3 parts of antioxidant, extrude with traditional parallel twin-screw Machine melting and compounding, hot PE-based wood-plastic pellets are obtained at the discharge port, cooled by a secondary or tertiary cyclone separator to obtain PE-based wood-plastic pellets, and stored for later use;

S2. Add the above-mentioned PE-based wood-plastic pellets to the feeding port of a conical twin-screw or single-screw extruder, heat and melt them, and extrude to obtain a PE-based wood-plastic composite material.

Performance test results of the prepared PE-based wood-plastic floor, such as tensile properties, bending properties, impact properties, creep recovery rate, water absorption rate, water absorption dimensional change rate and production energy consumption, as well as dimensional tests of poplar fibers before and after extrusion The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative example 2

A method for manufacturing PE-based wood-plastic flooring produced by the two-step extrusion equipment, comprising the following steps:

S1. After fully mixing 65 parts of poplar fiber (40~80 mesh), 18 parts of PP, 10 parts of MAPE, 5 parts of talcum powder, 1.7 parts of lubricant, and 0.3 parts of antioxidant, extrude by traditional parallel twin-screw Machine melting and compounding, hot PP-based wood-plastic pellets are obtained at the discharge port, cooled by a secondary or tertiary cyclone separator to obtain PP-based wood-plastic pellets, and stored for later use;

S2. Add the above-mentioned PP-based wood-plastic pellets to the feeding port of a conical twin-screw or single-screw extruder, heat and melt them, and extrude to obtain a PP-based wood-plastic composite material.

The performance test results of the prepared PP-based wood-plastic flooring such as tensile properties, bending properties, impact properties, creep recovery rate, water absorption rate, water absorption dimensional change rate and production energy consumption, as well as dimensional tests before and after extrusion of poplar fibers The results are shown in Table 2.

Fig. 5 is the SEM photo of poplar fiber after different treatments, wherein:

(a): The original SEM photo of 40-80 mesh poplar fibers without extrusion processing;

(b): SEM photo of the liquid nitrogen-catalyzed section of the PE wood-plastic material in Example 1;

(C): SEM photo of the liquid nitrogen frozen section of the PE wood-plastic material in Example 1;

(d): SEM photo of poplar fiber extracted from the PE wood-plastic material of Example 1;

(e): SEM photo of the liquid nitrogen-catalyzed section of the PE wood-plastic material in Comparative Example 1;

(f): SEM photo of the liquid nitrogen frozen section of the PE wood-plastic material in Comparative Example 1;

(g): SEM photograph of poplar fiber extracted from the PE wood-plastic material in Comparative Example 1.

It can be seen from Fig. 5 that after the screw shearing and plasticizing of the high-performance wood-plastic composite material one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment of the present invention, the size and shape of the poplar fiber basically maintain the original state, while the traditional two After the screw of the step extrusion equipment is sheared and plasticized, the fibers are severely sheared and damaged and become small fragments.

Table 1

Table 2

As can be seen from the experimental data in Tables 1 and 2, after the poplar fiber is sheared by the screw of the traditional two-step extrusion equipment, the fiber length, diameter and aspect ratio all significantly reduce, while the high-performance wood fiber of the present invention The plastic composite material is extruded by one-step extrusion molding, and the screw of the energy-saving equipment basically retains its original value after shearing. And the tensile performance, bending performance, impact performance, creep recovery rate and water absorption dimensional stability of the wood-plastic composite material obtained by extruding the high-performance wood-plastic composite material in one-step extrusion molding energy-saving equipment of the present invention are all significantly higher than Two-step method, production energy consumption and other performance test results, and the energy consumption of the one-step extrusion molding of the present invention is reduced by about 20% compared with the traditional two-step method.

The above is a further detailed description of the present invention, and should not be regarded as a limitation to the specific implementation of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, simple deduction or replacement without departing from the concept of the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Energy-saving equipment for one-step extrusion molding of high-performance wood-plastic composite materials, including positive and negative two-way thread counter-rotating conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device, feeder, large slot uniformly conical twin-screw extruder, characterized in that, The positive and negative two-way thread different-direction conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device is located on the upper part, and its screw rod includes a working part and a tail part. The thread of the working part is a forward thread, and the thread of the tail part is a reverse thread. The first discharge port of the reverse two-way threaded counter-conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device is connected with the first feed port of the feeder; Below the second discharge port of the feeder is communicated with the second feed port of the large slotted uniform co-direction conical twin-screw extruder; The width ratio of the flight to the groove of the screw of the large-grooved co-rotating conical twin-screw extruder is not greater than 1:4, and there is a uniform gap at the intersection of the flight and the flight. 2. The one-step wood-plastic composite material extruder according to claim 1, wherein the feeder comprises a fixed platform, and the fixed platform is provided with a sliding frame, and the sliding frame is connected with a barrel. 3. The one-step wood-plastic composite material extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that, the width ratio of the screw rib and the screw groove is 1: (4-8). 4. The one-step wood-plastic composite material extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that, the width of the flight of the screw of the large slot uniformly conical twin-screw extruder is 10 to 15 mm, so that there is enough strength for the screw edge to work. 5. The one-step wood-plastic composite material extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that, the width of the groove of the screw of the large-grooved uniformly conical twin-screw extruder is 60 to 100 mm. 6. The one-step wood-plastic composite material extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the gap is not less than 10 mm. 7. The one-step wood-plastic composite material extruder according to claim 6, characterized in that the gap width is 10-15 mm. 8. The one-step wood-plastic composite material extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first discharge port of the forward and reverse bi-directional thread counter-rotating conical twin-screw radial discharge extrusion device is a diameter To the discharge port, it is located at the junction of the forward thread of the working part and the reverse thread of the tail. 9. The one-step wood-plastic composite material extruder according to claim 1, wherein the first discharge port is provided with a material mold, the mold is provided with a through hole, and the material is passed through the through hole of the mold extrude. 10. The one-step wood-plastic composite material extruder according to claim 1, wherein the feeder has at least one observation window.

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