Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of screw rod of single screw extrusion machine, and the plastics materials viscosity that the single screw extrusion machine of this screw rod of employing is extruded is higher, and the plastic products that make crystalline substance is put and bubble is few.The technical scheme that adopts is as follows:
a kind of screw rod of single screw extrusion machine, comprise successively feed zone from A-P, compression segregation section and metering section, feed zone is provided with main thread, compression segregation section is provided with main thread and deputy thread, metering section is provided with main thread, it is characterized in that: be provided with mixing section between described compression segregation section and metering section, mixing section is provided with main thread and deputy thread, mixing section comprises a plurality of mixing segments successively from A-P, wherein on odd number mixing segment the end of main thread without leave A-P reduce gradually, the end of deputy thread without leave A-P increase gradually, on even number mixing segment the end of main thread without leave A-P increase gradually, the end of deputy thread without leave A-P reduce gradually.
Above-mentioned screw rod is followed successively by feed zone, compression segregation section, mixing section and metering section from A-P.At feed zone, material enters screw rod and fusing, flows to compression segregation section after the formation melt; Compression segregation section has melt screw channel and solid screw channel, the solid of the melt in material with not melting can be separated, and improves melting efficiency, tentatively material is plastified; On mixing section, the major-minor core diameter of thread alternately changes (being corrugated), realizes the compression of material, the alternately generation of loosening, and finally makes material plastify fully and mix; Metering section makes from the material melting homogenizing of mixing section and is quantitatively transferred to extruder die head.
The draw ratio of preferred described screw rod is (30-37): 1.
Above-mentioned mixing section has two melt screw channels, wherein forms the first melt screw channel between main thread and deputy thread, forms the second melt screw channel between deputy thread and main thread.Usually, in above-mentioned mixing section, rear one footpath, the end of mixing segment front end main thread equals the footpath, the end of last mixing segment rear end main thread, rear one footpath, the end of mixing segment front end deputy thread equals the footpath, the end of last mixing segment rear end deputy thread, makes the first melt screw channel and the second melt screw channel in the adjacent two adjoiner smooth transitions that mix segments.
On preferred above-mentioned mixing section, on odd number mixing segment, the outer A-P without leave of main thread reduces gradually, the outer A-P without leave of deputy thread increases gradually, and on even number mixing segment, the outer A-P without leave of main thread increases gradually, the outer A-P without leave of deputy thread reduces gradually.Larger position, footpath at the bottom of main thread, the material in the first melt screw channel can be crossed the deputy thread top and be overflowed in the second melt screw channel; Larger position, footpath at the bottom of deputy thread, material in the second melt screw channel can be crossed the main thread top and overflow in the first melt screw channel, like this, material (fused materials) along mixing section in the process that A-P is carried, the first melt screw channel can carry out each other material with the second melt screw channel and exchange, and makes mixing of materials more even.
Preferred above-mentioned mixing section comprises successively that from A-P 3-6 is mixed segment.in a kind of concrete scheme, above-mentioned mixing section comprises successively that from A-P first mixes segment, second mixes segment, the 3rd mixes segment and the 4th mixes segment, the first footpath, the end and external diameter that mixes main thread on segment all reduces gradually from A-P, the second footpath, the end and external diameter that mixes main thread on segment all increases gradually from A-P, the 3rd footpath, the end and the external diameter that mixes main thread on segment all reduces gradually from A-P, the 4th footpath, the end and the external diameter that mixes main thread on segment all increases gradually from A-P, the first footpath, the end and external diameter that mixes deputy thread on segment all increases gradually from A-P, the second footpath, the end and external diameter that mixes deputy thread on segment all reduces gradually from A-P, the 3rd footpath, the end and the external diameter that mixes deputy thread on segment all increases gradually from A-P, the 4th footpath, the end and the external diameter that mixes deputy thread on segment all reduces gradually from A-P.
On preferred above-mentioned compression segregation section the end of main thread without leave A-P increase gradually (footpath, the end that the footpath, the end of usually compressing segregation section front end main thread equals main thread on feed zone); Compression segregation section comprises compression segregation section leading portion and compression segregation section back segment, on compression segregation section leading portion the end of deputy thread without leave A-P increase gradually (footpath, the end that the footpath, the end of usually compressing segregation section leading portion front end deputy thread equals main thread on feed zone), on compression segregation section back segment the end of deputy thread without leave A-P reduce gradually (footpath, the end that the footpath, the end of usually compressing segregation section back segment front end deputy thread equals to compress the deputy thread of segregation section leading portion rear end), the 3-7%(that the length of described compression segregation section leading portion accounts for compression segregation section total length is 4-6% more preferably).Like this, the compression segregation section on, the end of main thread without leave A-P increase gradually, and the footpath, the end of deputy thread reduces gradually from A-P generally, that is to say, along the mass transport direction, the degree of depth of solid screw channel reduces gradually, and the degree of depth of melt screw channel increases generally gradually.Usually the external diameter that compresses main thread on segregation section is consistent, the external diameter of deputy thread also is consistent.On preferred compressed segregation section, the external diameter of deputy thread is less than the external diameter of main thread, and along with the conveying of material, the solid material in solid screw channel melting gradually becomes melt, and enters into the melt screw channel.
On common above-mentioned feed zone, the spiral shell rib width of the main thread of each several part is consistent with footpath, the end, and on metering section, the spiral shell rib width of the main thread of each several part is also consistent with footpath, the end; The footpath, the end of metering section is greater than the footpath, the end of feed zone, and the footpath, the end of metering section and the footpath, the end of feed zone are determined according to extruding required compression ratio.
In specific design, owing to having additional deputy thread on compression segregation section and mixing section, the pitch than main thread on feed zone and metering section is large usually therefore to compress the pitch of main thread on segregation section and mixing section; On compression segregation section, the pitch of main thread is usually consistent with the pitch of main thread on mixing section; Above-mentioned feed zone comprises feed zone leading portion and feed zone back segment, wherein on the feed zone leading portion, the pitch of the main thread of each several part is consistent, on the feed zone back segment, the pitch of main thread increases gradually from A-P, and the main thread pitch of feed zone back segment rear end is consistent with the main thread pitch of compression segregation section; Above-mentioned metering section comprises metering section leading portion and metering section back segment, wherein on the metering section leading portion, the pitch of main thread reduces gradually from A-P, on the metering section back segment, the pitch of the main thread of each several part is consistent, and the main thread pitch of metering section leading portion front end is consistent with the main thread pitch of mixing section.
The present invention is by setting up mixing section in compression segregation section back, on mixing section, the major-minor core diameter of thread alternately changes, realize the compression of material, the alternately generation of loosening, finally make material plastify fully and mix, therefore, plastics (as the PET) material viscosity that the single screw extrusion machine of this screw rod of employing is extruded higher (by the test of viscosity measuring instrument, before and after processing, the viscosity of material descends less than 6%), and the brilliant point of the plastic products that make and bubble are few, meet industry standard.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, the screw rod of this single screw extrusion machine comprises feed zone 1, compression segregation section 2, mixing section 3 and metering section 4 successively from A-P, feed zone 1 is provided with main thread 5, compression segregation section 2 is provided with main thread 5 and deputy thread 6, mixing section 3 is provided with main thread 5 and deputy thread 6, and metering section 4 is provided with main thread 5.In the present embodiment, feed zone 1 comprises feed zone 1 leading portion and feed zone 1 back segment, wherein on feed zone 1 leading portion, the pitch of the main thread 5 of each several part is consistent, on feed zone 1 back segment, the pitch of main thread 5 increases gradually from A-P, and main thread 5 pitch of feed zone 1 back segment rear end are consistent with main thread 5 pitch of compression segregation section 2; On compression segregation section 2, the pitch of the main thread 5 of each several part is consistent, and on compression segregation section 2, the pitch of the deputy thread 6 of each several part is also consistent; On mixing section 3, the pitch of the main thread 5 of each several part is consistent, and on mixing section 3, the pitch of the deputy thread 6 of each several part is also consistent; On compression segregation section 2 on pitch and the mixing section 3 of main thread 5 pitch of main thread 5 consistent; Metering section 4 comprises metering section 4 leading portions and metering section 4 back segments, wherein on metering section 4 leading portions, the pitch of main thread 5 reduces gradually from A-P, main thread 5 pitch of metering section 4 leading portion front ends are consistent with main thread 5 pitch of mixing section 4, and on metering section 4 back segments, the pitch of the main thread 5 of each several part is consistent.
On feed zone 1, the spiral shell rib width of the main thread 5 of each several part is consistent with footpath, the end, and on metering section 4, the spiral shell rib width of the main thread 5 of each several part is also consistent with footpath, the end; The footpath, the end of metering section 4 is greater than the footpath, the end of feed zone 1, and the footpath, the end of metering section 4 and the footpath, the end of feed zone 1 are determined according to extruding required compression ratio.
On compression segregation section 2 end of main thread 5 without leave A-P increase gradually (footpath, the end of compression segregation section 2 front end main threads 5 equals the footpath, the end of main thread 5 on feed zone 1); Compression segregation section 2 comprises compression segregation section leading portion 21 and compression segregation section back segment 22, on compression segregation section leading portion 21 end of deputy thread 6 without leave A-P increase gradually (footpath, the end of compression segregation section leading portion 21 front end deputy threads 6 equals the footpath, the end of main thread 5 on feed zone 1), on compression segregation section back segment 22 end of deputy thread 6 without leave A-P reduce gradually (footpath, the end of compression segregation section back segment 22 front end deputy threads 6 equals to compress the footpath, the end of segregation section leading portion 21 rear end deputy threads 6), in the present embodiment, the length of compression segregation section leading portion 21 accounts for 5.6% of compression segregation section 2 total lengths.On compression segregation section 2, form melt screw channel 7 between main thread 5 and deputy thread 6, form solid screw channel 8 between deputy thread 6 and main thread 5; Along the mass transport direction, the degree of depth of solid screw channel 8 reduces gradually, and the degree of depth of melt screw channel 7 increases generally gradually.On compression segregation section 2, the external diameter of main thread 5 is consistent, and on compression segregation section 2, the external diameter of deputy thread 6 also is consistent, and on compression segregation section 2, the external diameter of deputy thread 6 is less than the external diameter of main thread 5.
Mixing section 3 comprises successively that from A-P a plurality of (as 3-6) mix segment, wherein on odd number mixing segment the end of main thread 5 without leave A-P reduce gradually, the end of deputy thread 6 without leave A-P increase gradually, on even number mixing segment the end of main thread 5 without leave A-P increase gradually, the end of deputy thread 6 without leave A-P reduce gradually; On odd number mixing segment, the outer A-P without leave of main thread 5 reduces gradually, the outer A-P without leave of deputy thread 6 increases gradually, and on even number mixing segment, the outer A-P without leave of main thread 5 increases gradually, the outer A-P without leave of deputy thread 6 reduces gradually.Mixing section 3 has two melt screw channels, wherein forms the first melt screw channel 9 between main thread 5 and deputy thread 6, forms the second melt screw channel 10 between deputy thread 6 and main thread 5; Rear one footpath, the end of mixing segment front end main thread 5 equals the footpath, the end of last mixing segment rear end main thread 5, rear one footpath, the end of mixing segment front end deputy thread 6 equals the footpath, the end of last mixing segment rear end deputy thread 6, makes the first melt screw channel 9 and the second melt screw channel 10 in the adjacent two equal smooth transitions of adjoiner that mix segments.in the present embodiment, mixing section 3 comprises successively that from A-P first mixes segment 31, second mixes segment 32, the 3rd mixes segment 33 and the 4th mixes segment 34, the first footpath, the end and external diameter that mixes main thread 5 on segment 31 all reduces gradually from A-P, the second footpath, the end and external diameter that mixes main thread 5 on segment 32 all increases gradually from A-P, the 3rd footpath, the end and the external diameter that mixes main thread 5 on segment 33 all reduces gradually from A-P, the 4th footpath, the end and the external diameter that mixes main thread 5 on segment 34 all increases gradually from A-P, the first footpath, the end and external diameter that mixes deputy thread 6 on segment 31 all increases gradually from A-P, the second footpath, the end and external diameter that mixes deputy thread 6 on segment 32 all reduces gradually from A-P, the 3rd footpath, the end and the external diameter that mixes deputy thread 6 on segment 33 all increases gradually from A-P, the 4th footpath, the end and the external diameter that mixes deputy thread 6 on segment 34 all reduces gradually from A-P.
Below adopt one group of specific design parameter to this screw rod be described further (referring to figs. 2 and 3, in Fig. 2, curve 11,13 illustrates respectively the footpath, the end of main thread 5 on screw rod and the Changing Pattern of external diameter, and in Fig. 3, curve 12,14 illustrates respectively the footpath, the end of deputy thread 6 on compression segregation section 2 and mixing section 3 and the Changing Pattern of external diameter): the draw ratio of screw rod is 34.2:1.The length of feed zone 1 is that 9Ds(Ds represents the screw rod external diameter, i.e. the external diameter of main thread 5 on feed zone 1), the spiral shell rib width of main thread 5 is that the footpath, the end of 0.1Ds, main thread 5 is 0.65Ds; The length of feed zone 1 leading portion is 7Ds, and the length of feed zone 1 back segment is 2Ds, and on feed zone 1 leading portion, the pitch of main thread 5 is 1Ds, and the pitch of the main thread 5 of feed zone 1 back segment front end is 1Ds, and main thread 5 pitch of feed zone 1 back segment rear end are 1.2Ds.The length of compression segregation section 2 is 10.7Ds, and the length of compression segregation section leading portion 21 is 0.6Ds, and the length of compression segregation section back segment 22 is 10.1Ds; On compression segregation section 2, the pitch of main thread 5 and deputy thread 6 is 1.2Ds, on compression segregation section 2, the distance of deputy thread 6 initiating terminals and main thread 5 is 0.32Ds, on compression segregation section, the footpath, the end of 2 main threads 5 increases to 0.94Ds gradually by 0.65Ds, on compression segregation section leading portion 21, the footpath, the end of deputy thread 6 increases to 0.88Ds gradually by 0.65Ds, and on compression segregation section back segment 22, the footpath, the end of deputy thread 6 is reduced to 0.7Ds gradually by 0.88Ds.the length of mixing section 3 is 11Ds, and first mixes segment 31, the second mixing segment 32, the 3rd mixing segment 33 and the 4th length of mixing segment 34 is respectively 3.7Ds, 2.4Ds, 2.4Ds, 2.5Ds, on the first footpath, the end of mixing main thread 5 on segment 31 is reduced to gradually footpath, the end that 0.79Ds(first mixes main thread 5 initiating terminals on segment 31 and is compressed segregation section 2 by 0.94Ds, the footpath, the end of main thread 5 ends is consistent), the second footpath, the end of mixing main thread 5 on segment 32 increases to 0.91Ds gradually by 0.79Ds, the 3rd footpath, the end of mixing main thread 5 on segment 33 is reduced to 0.8Ds gradually by 0.91Ds, the 4th footpath, the end of mixing main thread 5 on segment 34 is consistent by the footpath, the end that 0.8Ds increases to main thread 5 on footpath, the end that 0.9Ds(the 4th mixes main thread 5 ends on segment 34 and metering section 4 gradually), on the first footpath, the end of mixing deputy thread 6 on segment 31 is increased to gradually footpath, the end that 0.92Ds(first mixes deputy thread 6 initiating terminals on segment 31 and compressed segregation section 2 by 0.7Ds, the footpath, the end of deputy thread 6 ends is consistent), the second footpath, the end of mixing deputy thread 6 on segment 32 is reduced to 0.79Ds gradually by 0.92Ds, the 3rd footpath, the end of mixing deputy thread 6 on segment 33 increases to 0.93Ds gradually by 0.79Ds, the 4th footpath, the end of mixing deputy thread 6 on segment 34 is consistent by the footpath, the end that 0.93Ds is reduced to main thread 5 on footpath, the end that 0.9Ds(the 4th mixes deputy thread 6 ends on segment 34 and metering section 4 gradually), on mixing section 3, the pitch of main thread 5 and deputy thread 6 is 1.2Ds.The length of metering section 4 is that the spiral shell rib width of 3.5Ds, main thread 5 is that the footpath, the end of 0.1Ds, main thread 5 is 0.9Ds, the length of metering section 4 leading portions is 2 Ds, the length of metering section 4 back segments is 1.5 Ds, the pitch of the main thread 5 of metering section 4 leading portion front ends is 1.2 Ds, the pitch of the main thread 5 of metering section 4 leading portion rear ends is 1Ds, and on metering section 4 back segments, the pitch of main thread 5 is 1Ds.
Brief description has the operation principle of the single screw extrusion machine of this screw rod once:
At feed zone 1, material enters screw rod and fusing, flows to compression segregation section 2.
Compression segregation section 2 has melt screw channel 7 and solid screw channel 8, and along with the conveying of material, the solid material in solid screw channel 8 melting gradually becomes melt, and enters into melt screw channel 7.Compression segregation section 2 can separate the solid of the melt in material with not melting, improves melting efficiency, tentatively material is plastified.
On mixing section 3, the major-minor core diameter of thread alternately changes (being corrugated), realizes the compression of material, the alternately generation of loosening, and finally makes the material from compression segregation section 2 plastify fully and mix.On mixing section 3, in larger position, main thread footpath, 5 end, the material in the first melt screw channel 9 can be crossed deputy thread 6 tops and overflow in the second melt screw channel 10; In larger position, deputy thread footpath, 6 end, material in the second melt screw channel 10 can be crossed main thread 5 tops and overflow in the first melt screw channel 9, like this, material (fused materials) along mixing section 3 in the process that A-P is carried, the first melt screw channel 9 can carry out each other material with the second melt screw channel 10 and exchange, and makes mixing of materials more even.
Metering section 4 makes from the material melting homogenizing of mixing section 3 and is quantitatively transferred to extruder die head.