CN115886268A - Insoluble dietary fiber and extraction method and application thereof - Google Patents
Insoluble dietary fiber and extraction method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of deep processing of agricultural and sideline products and discloses insoluble dietary fiber and an extraction method and application thereof. The extraction method of insoluble dietary fiber provided by the invention comprises the following steps: pulverizing raw materials containing insoluble dietary fiber to obtain powdered raw materials; mixing the powdery raw material with water and cellulase to obtain a treatment solution; carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the treatment liquid under the shearing action to obtain an enzymolysis liquid; and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the enzymolysis liquid, collecting the precipitate and drying to obtain the insoluble dietary fiber. The method provided by the invention adopts an ultrasonic-assisted enzyme method under the shearing action, and can enhance the activity of insoluble dietary fibers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of deep processing of agricultural and sideline products, in particular to insoluble dietary fiber and an extraction method and application thereof.
Background
The dietary fiber is generally a food nutrient which is not easy to digest, is indispensable to healthy diet, has the effects of relaxing bowels, preventing constipation, reducing gallstones, helping to lose weight, improving diabetes, reducing blood fat and the like, and has wide prospects in the aspects of food and medical industries. Among them, insoluble dietary fiber has high expansibility, water-holding property and oil-holding property, and is a main way of its efficacy in the body through such physical actions. The insoluble dietary fiber can absorb water with several times of its own weight, and has long water retention time. In the aspect of medicine, the insoluble dietary fiber can be used for preventing intestinal diseases such as constipation, intestinal diverticulosis and hemorrhoids, when entering the digestive tract, the insoluble dietary fiber absorbs water in the stomach to swell, so that satiety is generated, the food intake is reduced, the gastrointestinal peristalsis is increased, the retention time of food in the intestines and the stomach is shortened, the food cannot be fully decomposed by digestive enzymes and continuously moves to the lower part of the intestinal tract, the defecation speed and the defecation frequency are improved, and the retention time of harmful substances in the intestinal tract is reduced. Meanwhile, the insoluble dietary fiber has good oil retention property, can wrap and bind oil and fat components in food, slow down the absorption of the oil and fat in the body and reduce the energy intake, and is suitable for the crowds with obesity, hyperlipidemia and the like.
At present, a plurality of methods are used for extracting insoluble dietary fibers, common extraction methods comprise a solvent extraction method and an enzyme method, but the activity of the insoluble dietary fibers is possibly adversely affected by the existing extraction methods, and further, the development and the industrial production of functional products are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide an extraction method of insoluble dietary fibers, which adopts an ultrasonic-assisted enzyme method under the shearing action and can obviously improve the activity of the insoluble dietary fibers.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides, in a first aspect, a method for extracting insoluble dietary fiber, comprising the steps of:
(1) Pulverizing raw materials containing insoluble dietary fiber to obtain powdered raw materials;
(2) Mixing the powdery raw material with water and cellulase to obtain a treatment solution;
(3) Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the treatment liquid under the shearing action to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
(4) And carrying out solid-liquid separation on the enzymolysis liquid, collecting the precipitate and drying to obtain the insoluble dietary fiber.
Preferably, the material containing insoluble dietary fiber in step (1) is selected from at least one of dried lotus leaves, tender barley leaves and tender tea leaves, and is preferably dried lotus leaves.
Preferably, the powdered raw material in step (1) has an average particle size of 300 μm or less.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the powdery raw material, the water and the cellulase in the step (2) is 1:10-30:0.01-0.05.
Preferably, the ultrasonic treatment conditions in step (3) include: the temperature is 45-55 ℃, the ultrasonic power is 200-600w, and the time is 10-50min.
Preferably, the conditions of said shearing in step (3) include: intermittent operation or continuous operation, the shearing rotation speed is 6000-10000rpm, and the total operation time is 8-30min.
Preferably, the intermittently operated process comprises: and starting the ultrasonic treatment at the same time, and performing shearing action in two times, wherein the time interval is included between two adjacent shearing actions, and the time of each shearing action is 8-15min.
Preferably, the continuously running process comprises: and is turned on simultaneously with the sonication, the shearing action being for a time less than the sonication time.
Preferably, the drying process in step (4) comprises: drying the precipitate to constant weight at a temperature of 60-80 ℃.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides insoluble dietary fiber obtained by the above extraction method.
The third aspect of the invention provides the application of the insoluble dietary fiber in preparing foods, beverages, health-care products and medicines.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the extraction method of the insoluble dietary fiber provided by the invention, the powdery raw material is mixed with water and cellulase, and then ultrasonic-assisted enzymolysis is carried out under the shearing action, so that the extraction method is simple in process, safe to operate, high in extraction efficiency and suitable for large-scale production in factories, and the water holding capacity, the expansibility and the oil holding capacity of the insoluble dietary fiber are obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and these ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to these ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The invention provides an extraction method of insoluble dietary fiber, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing raw materials containing insoluble dietary fiber to obtain powdered raw materials;
(2) Mixing the powdery raw material with water and cellulase to obtain a treatment solution;
(3) Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the treatment liquid under the shearing action to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
(4) And carrying out solid-liquid separation on the enzymolysis liquid, collecting the precipitate and drying to obtain the insoluble dietary fiber.
The inventor of the invention finds that after the powdery raw material is mixed with water and cellulase and then subjected to ultrasonic treatment under the shearing action in the research and development processes, the water holding capacity, the expansibility and the oiliness of the insoluble dietary fiber can be improved, and the ultrasonic treatment method has an obvious effect on improving the activity of the insoluble dietary fiber.
According to the present invention, the material containing insoluble dietary fiber in step (1) may be any material for production containing insoluble dietary fiber, preferably, the material containing insoluble dietary fiber in step (1) is selected from at least one of dried lotus leaves, tender barley leaves and tender tea leaves, and more preferably dried lotus leaves.
According to the invention, the comminution may be carried out in a conventional comminution manner, for example in a mill, grinder or the like. Preferably, the powdered raw material in step (1) has an average particle size of 300 μm or less. Illustratively, the pulverizing process comprises: pulverizing the raw material containing insoluble dietary fiber with a grinder, and sieving with a 50 mesh sieve to obtain powdery raw material with average particle diameter of less than or equal to 300 μm. The inventors have found that in this preferred embodiment it is advantageous to increase the activity of the insoluble dietary fibre.
According to the present invention, preferably, the mass ratio of the powdery raw material, the water and the cellulase in step (2) is 1:10-30:0.01-0.05.
According to the present invention, preferably, the ultrasonic treatment conditions in step (3) include: the temperature is 45-55 ℃, specifically 45 ℃, 50 ℃, 55 ℃ or any value between the above values, more preferably, the temperature is 50 ℃; the ultrasonic power is 200-600w, and specifically can be 200w, 300w, 400w, 500w, 600w or any value between the above values; the time is 10-50min, specifically 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min or any value therebetween.
According to the present invention, preferably, the conditions of the shearing action in step (3) include: intermittently or continuously, with a shear rotation speed of 6000-10000rpm, specifically 6000rpm, 7000rpm, 8000rpm, 9000rpm, 10000rpm or any value therebetween; the total operation time is 8-30min, specifically 8min, 10min, 12min, 14min, 16min, 18min, 20min, 22min, 24min, 26min, 28min, 30min or any value therebetween.
In the present invention, the shearing action may be started and ended simultaneously with the ultrasonic treatment, or may be performed at any time period during the ultrasonic treatment. Preferably, the shearing action is switched on simultaneously with the sonication. Illustratively, the intermittently operated process may include: and starting the ultrasonic treatment at the same time, and performing shearing action in two times, wherein the time interval is included between two adjacent shearing actions, and the time of each shearing action is 8-15min. The continuously running process may include: and is turned on simultaneously with the sonication, the shearing action being for a time less than the sonication time.
In the present invention, the solid-liquid separation may be carried out according to a conventional technique in the art, for example, standing, filtration, centrifugation and the like. Preferably, the solid-liquid separation is carried out by a centrifugal separation method.
According to the present invention, the drying in step (4) may be performed by any conventional drying means, such as hot air drying, freeze drying, etc. Preferably, the drying conditions include: the temperature is 60-80 deg.C, specifically 60 deg.C, 65 deg.C, 70 deg.C, 75 deg.C, 80 deg.C or any value therebetween, and more preferably the drying temperature is 70 deg.C.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the extraction process of insoluble dietary fibres comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing raw materials containing insoluble dietary fiber to obtain powdered raw materials with average particle size of less than or equal to 300 μm;
(2) Mixing the powdery raw material with water and cellulase to obtain a treatment solution, wherein the mass ratio of the powdery raw material to the water to the cellulase is 1:10-30:0.01-0.05;
(3) Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the treatment solution for 10-50min under the conditions that the temperature is 50 ℃ and the ultrasonic frequency is 200w-600w, simultaneously starting the shearing action (the shearing rotating speed is 6000-10000 rpm) and the ultrasonic treatment, and carrying out intermittent operation or continuous operation to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
wherein, the process of intermittent operation includes: shearing action is carried out in two times, time interval is included between two adjacent shearing actions, and the time of each shearing action is 8-15min; the continuous operation process comprises: the time of shearing is less than the time of sonication;
(4) And carrying out solid-liquid separation on the enzymolysis liquid, collecting precipitate, and drying the precipitate at the temperature of 70 ℃ to constant weight.
In the above especially preferred embodiment, the whole extraction process is simple and safe to operate, and the ultrasonic treatment is performed under the shearing action, which is beneficial to improving the activity of insoluble meal.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
In the following examples, the water binding capacity of insoluble dietary fibers was determined according to the following procedure:
0.5g of insoluble dietary fiber was weighed in a 50mL beaker and 20mL of distilled water was added, left to stand at room temperature for 24 hours, filtered and drained to measure the wet weight of the fiber after absorbing water, and the water holding capacity was calculated by the following formula:
the swellability of the insoluble dietary fibres was determined according to the following procedure:
0.5g of insoluble dietary fiber was weighed into a 15mL tube and the volume of insoluble dietary fiber recorded. Then 10mL of distilled water was added, left to stand at room temperature for 24 hours, and the volume of the insoluble dietary fiber in the test tube after swelling was recorded, and the swelling property was calculated by the following formula:
the oil retention of insoluble dietary fibers was determined according to the following procedure:
weighing 0.5g of insoluble dietary fiber, placing the insoluble dietary fiber in a centrifuge tube, adding 20mL of vegetable oil, shaking the centrifuge tube for 1min every 4min at room temperature, carrying out 3500r/min centrifugal treatment for 30min after continuing for 30min, inverting the centrifuge tube to drain the upper layer of vegetable oil, weighing and recording the mass of the centrifuge tube and the lower layer of fiber, and calculating the oil retention property through the following formula:
in the following examples, dried lotus leaves were purchased from Hainan Hakken Co., ltd, cellulase (S10042, trichoderma viride) was purchased from Shanghai leaf Biotech Co., ltd, and other raw materials and reagents were all conventional commercial products at room temperature of 25. + -. 5 ℃ unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
(1) Crushing dried lotus leaves by a grinder, and sieving by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain a powdery raw material with the average particle size of less than or equal to 300 mu m;
(2) Mixing a powdery raw material, water and cellulase in a mass ratio of 1:20:0.025 to obtain a treatment liquid;
(3) Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the treatment solution for 30min under the conditions that the temperature is 50 ℃ and the ultrasonic frequency is 400w, setting the rotating speed of a high-shear machine to be 8000rpm, starting the high-shear machine simultaneously with the ultrasonic treatment, stopping the high-shear machine after the high-shear machine operates for 10min, pausing for 10min, then starting the high-shear machine, and stopping the high-shear machine simultaneously with the ultrasonic treatment after 10min to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(4) And (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the enzymolysis liquid, collecting the precipitate, and drying at the temperature of 70 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the insoluble dietary fiber.
Example 2
(1) Crushing dried lotus leaves by a grinder, and sieving by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain powdery raw materials with the average particle size of less than or equal to 300 mu m;
(2) Mixing a powdery raw material, water and cellulase in a mass ratio of 1:10:0.05, mixing to obtain a treatment solution;
(3) Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the treatment solution at 50 ℃ and ultrasonic frequency of 600w for 10min, setting the rotating speed of a high-shear machine to be 6000rpm, starting the high-shear machine simultaneously with the ultrasonic treatment, stopping the high-shear machine after running for 8min, and stopping the ultrasonic treatment after 2min to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(4) And (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the enzymolysis liquid, collecting the precipitate, and drying at the temperature of 70 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the insoluble dietary fiber.
Example 3
(1) Crushing dried lotus leaves by a grinder, and sieving by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain powdery raw materials with the average particle size of less than or equal to 300 mu m;
(2) Mixing a powdery raw material, water and cellulase in a mass ratio of 1:30:0.01, mixing to obtain a treatment solution;
(3) Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the treatment liquid for 50min under the conditions that the temperature is 50 ℃ and the ultrasonic frequency is 200w, setting the rotating speed of a high-shear machine to be 10000rpm, starting the high-shear machine simultaneously with the ultrasonic treatment, stopping the high-shear machine after the high-shear machine runs for 15min, pausing for 15min and then starting the high-shear machine, stopping the ultrasonic treatment after 15min, and obtaining an enzymatic hydrolysate;
(4) And carrying out solid-liquid separation on the enzymolysis liquid, collecting the precipitate, and drying at the temperature of 70 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the insoluble dietary fiber.
Example 4
Insoluble dietary fiber was extracted according to the method of example 3, except that the mass ratio of the powdered material to water and cellulase in step (2) was adjusted to 1:50:0.1.
example 5
Insoluble dietary fibre was extracted according to the method of example 3, except that step (3) was replaced by:
(3) And (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the treatment solution for 50min at the temperature of 50 ℃ and the ultrasonic frequency of 200w, setting the rotating speed of a high-shear machine to 10000rpm, and simultaneously opening and closing the high-shear machine and the ultrasonic treatment to obtain an enzymolysis solution.
Example 6
Insoluble dietary fibres were extracted according to the method of example 2 except that the ultrasound frequency was adjusted to 100w in step (3).
Example 7
Insoluble dietary fibre was extracted according to the method of example 2 except that the high shear rotation speed was adjusted to 4000rpm in step (3).
Example 8
Insoluble dietary fibre was extracted according to the method of example 1, except that step (3) was replaced by:
(3) And (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the treatment solution for 30min at the temperature of 50 ℃ and the ultrasonic frequency of 400w, simultaneously stirring by using a glass rod, pausing for 10min after stirring for 10min, then stirring again, and stopping simultaneously with the ultrasonic treatment after 10min to obtain an enzymolysis solution.
Comparative example 1
Insoluble dietary fibre was extracted according to the method of example 1, except that step (3) was replaced by:
(3) And (3) placing the treatment liquid in a high shear machine, carrying out shearing treatment at the temperature of 50 ℃, setting the rotating speed of the high shear machine to be 8000rpm, turning off the high shear machine after turning on the high shear machine for 10min, pausing for 10min, turning off the high shear machine after turning on the high shear machine for 10min, and obtaining the enzymolysis liquid.
Comparative example 2
Insoluble dietary fibre was extracted according to the method of example 1, except that step (3) was replaced by:
(3) Stirring the treated solution with a glass rod at 50 deg.C for 10min, suspending for 10min, and stirring for 10min to obtain enzymatic hydrolysate.
Comparative example 3
Insoluble dietary fibre was extracted according to the method of example 1, except that step (3) was replaced by:
(3) And carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the treatment liquid for 30min at the temperature of 50 ℃ and the ultrasonic frequency of 400w to obtain an enzymatic hydrolysate.
Test example
The insoluble dietary fibers extracted in examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to the measurement of water retention, swelling property and oil retention, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
From the results in table 1, it can be seen that the insoluble dietary fibers obtained by the extraction method provided by the present invention in examples 1 to 8 have significantly better water retention, swelling property and oil retention than those obtained in comparative examples 1 to 3.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for extracting insoluble dietary fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing raw materials containing insoluble dietary fiber to obtain powdered raw materials;
(2) Mixing the powdery raw material with water and cellulase to obtain a treatment solution;
(3) Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the treatment liquid under the shearing action to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
(4) And carrying out solid-liquid separation on the enzymolysis liquid, collecting the precipitate and drying to obtain the insoluble dietary fiber.
2. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the material containing insoluble dietary fiber in step (1) is at least one selected from dried lotus leaves, tender barley leaves and tender tea leaves, preferably dried lotus leaves.
3. The extraction process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the powdery raw material in step (1) has an average particle diameter of 300 μm or less.
4. The extraction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the powdery raw material, the water and the cellulase in step (2) is 1:10-30:0.01-0.05.
5. The extraction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conditions of the ultrasonic treatment in step (3) include: the temperature is 45-55 ℃, the ultrasonic power is 200-600w, and the time is 10-50min.
6. The extraction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conditions of the shearing in step (3) include: intermittent operation or continuous operation, the shearing rotation speed is 6000-10000rpm, and the total operation time is 8-30min.
7. The extraction method according to claim 6, characterized in that the intermittently operated process comprises: starting the ultrasonic treatment at the same time, and performing shearing action in two times, wherein the time interval is included between two adjacent shearing actions, and the time of each shearing action is 8-15min;
preferably, the continuously running process comprises: and is turned on simultaneously with the sonication, the shearing action being for a time less than the sonication time.
8. The extraction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drying in step (4) comprises: drying the precipitate to constant weight at a temperature of 60-80 ℃.
9. Insoluble dietary fibre obtainable by the extraction process according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the insoluble dietary fiber of claim 9 in the preparation of a food, beverage, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical.
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