CN115885637A

CN115885637A - Pneumatic taper hole wheel type small-particle-size seed single-seed precision seed metering device

Info

Publication number: CN115885637A
Application number: CN202211449450.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 廖宜涛; 刘嘉诚; 廖庆喜; 张青松; 王磊; 郑娟; 施彬彬; 蒋杉
Original assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2022-11-18
Filing date: 2022-11-18
Publication date: 2023-04-04

Abstract

The invention relates to a pneumatic type taper hole wheel type small-particle-size seed single-seed precise seed sowing device, which comprises an outer shell, a seed sowing wheel, a bearing end cover, a bearing, a seed discharging inserting plate and a driving shaft, wherein the outer shell comprises an air chamber, a seed bin and a seed filling chamber, and the bearing is arranged on one side of a main shell and is fixed with the bearing end cover through a boss; the driving shaft penetrates through the bearing and the seed sowing wheel, and the seed sowing wheel is axially positioned through the snap spring and is matched with the shell body air chamber; conical holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the seed sowing wheel, and the bottom of each conical hole is opened with a transverse vent hole to form a passage which is communicated with an airflow channel in the outer shell; the seed discharging inserting plate is arranged at the rear part of the outer shell and used for discharging seeds. This seed metering ware can divide into according to work area and get kind of district, take kind of district, throw kind of district and transition district, and the seed receives the negative pressure effect to adsorb on the bell mouth in getting kind of district, throws kind of district and receives the effect of malleation and gravity to accomplish and throw kind of a kind. The invention can effectively improve the working efficiency of the seed sowing device and reduce the seed breakage rate.

Description

Pneumatic type taper hole wheel type small-particle-size seed single-seed precise seed sowing device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of seeding in agricultural machinery, in particular to a pneumatic type taper hole wheel type small-particle-size seed single-particle precision seeding apparatus.

Background

The precise sowing is a high-grade form of mechanical sowing, namely, qualified seeds are precisely sown into seed ditches in single seeds according to the sowing quantity and row spacing required by agriculture, a proper amount of soil is covered and pressed, mechanical fine-tillage and fine-cropping are realized, the uniform distribution of the row spacing and the row spacing of the seeds and the uniform sowing depth of the seeds are guaranteed, and the precise sowing is an important link of the development of intelligent agricultural machinery. Compared with the traditional sowing, the precision sowing technology has the advantages of saving seeds, thinning workers, increasing yield and the like, the quantity of the seeds sowed into the soil in unit time can be effectively controlled by the precision sowing, resource waste caused by reseeding is avoided, the seeds are more uniformly distributed by the precision sowing, and the yield of crops is improved.

The working performance of the seed metering device directly influences the growth condition of seeds. At present, a mechanical cell wheel type seed sowing device is a common seed sowing device in the market, and is widely applied due to the advantages of simple structure, low production cost and the like. However, as the demand of modern agriculture for seed sowing devices in the aspects of seed sowing speed and seed sowing precision gradually becomes higher, the defects of the mechanical cellular wheel type seed sowing device gradually appear. The mechanical pocket wheel type seed sowing device completes seed filling by utilizing the gravity of seeds, and when the seed sowing speed is increased, the seeds can not smoothly enter the pockets, so that the seed filling fails; the mechanical cellular wheel type seed sowing device adopts a forced seed clearing mode during seed clearing to prevent seeds from entering a seed carrying area, but the forced seed clearing can cause the damage of the seeds; the mechanical cellular wheel type seed sowing device completely depends on gravity to lead seeds to fall during seed sowing, and the clamped seeds are forcibly sown by seed cleaning, so that the seeds are damaged and the non-uniformity of seed sowing is caused; in addition, most of the mechanical cell-type seed sowing devices in the market are suitable for seeds with large and medium particle sizes, and for seeds with small particle sizes, the seeds are sowed in a hole sowing mode or a drill sowing mode, so that single-seed sowing cannot be realized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a pneumatic taper hole wheel type small-particle-diameter seed single-particle precision seed sowing device which is suitable for small-particle-diameter crop seeds such as rapes, pakchoi and the like and has low seed breakage rate.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a pneumatic taper hole wheel type small-particle-size seed single-seed precise seed sowing device comprises an outer shell and a seed sowing wheel, wherein the outer shell is a hollow shell and comprises a seed bin, a seed filling chamber and an air chamber, a transverse partition plate is horizontally arranged between the seed bin and the seed filling chamber, and a communication port is formed in one side of the transverse partition plate;

the seed feeding chamber is positioned at one side below the seed bin and is provided with an air chamber, the air chamber comprises two concentric annular clapboards, the front surfaces of the two annular clapboards are tightly attached to one side of the seed discharging wheel, an annular cavity is formed between the two annular clapboards, a plurality of short clapboards are arranged in the annular cavity, the annular cavity is divided into a seed taking and carrying area, a seed throwing area and a transition area by the plurality of short clapboards, the seed throwing area is positioned below the annular cavity, the transition area is positioned between the seed taking and carrying area and the seed throwing area, a shell outside the seed taking and carrying area is provided with an air outlet, and a shell outside the seed throwing area is provided with an air inlet;

the seed discharging wheel is vertically arranged on the outer side of the air chamber, the seed discharging wheel can rotate relative to the outer shell, the seed discharging wheel comprises a side plate and an annular strip, a through hole used for connecting a rotating shaft is formed in the center of the side plate, the annular strip is fixed on the side plate and located in the annular cavity, a plurality of horizontal blind holes are uniformly formed in the front of the annular strip, a plurality of conical holes are uniformly formed in the outer side surface of the annular strip, the conical holes and the horizontal blind holes correspond to each other one by one, the conical holes and the corresponding horizontal blind holes are communicated with each other, the conical holes, the horizontal blind holes and the annular cavity form a gas channel together, one end of the gas channel is a conical hole, and the other end of the gas channel is an air inlet/outlet;

when horizontal blind hole rotated to and got the position that kind was taken kind of district intercommunication, corresponding bell mouth formed the negative pressure and adsorbs the seed, when horizontal blind hole rotated to and thrown kind of position that district intercommunication, corresponding bell mouth formed the positive pressure and releases adsorbed seed.

Furthermore, the central angle degree range corresponding to the seed taking and carrying area is 270-280 degrees, and the central angle degree range corresponding to the seed throwing area is 30-50 degrees.

Furthermore, a seed discharging port is arranged at one side of the seed sowing device below the outer shell, and a seed discharging plugboard is arranged at the seed discharging port.

Further, the diameter of the tapered hole is smaller than the diameter of the seed.

Furthermore, a slope is arranged on the back surface of the interior of the seed filling chamber below the transverse partition plate, the axis of the slope is perpendicular to the axis of the transverse partition plate, the slope inclines from one side far away from the seed sowing wheel to one side close to the seed sowing wheel, and the slope angle is larger than the natural angle of repose of crop seeds.

Furthermore, the inner side and the outer side of the annular strip are respectively provided with a circle of annular baffle, the two circles of annular baffles are respectively matched with the two annular baffles to form an annular cavity, and the conical hole penetrates through the annular baffle on the outer side.

Furthermore, the air outlet is used for connecting a negative pressure end of the fan, and the air inlet is used for connecting a positive pressure end of the fan.

After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the invention can realize the precision seeding of small-particle-size seeds such as rape, pakchoi and the like.

2. The invention realizes the seed metering function by utilizing the principles of negative pressure seed suction, seed carrying and positive pressure seed throwing, reduces the damage rate to seeds, can increase the rotating speed of the seed metering wheel and improves the working efficiency of the seed metering device.

3. The invention adopts the form of single seed sowing, can effectively improve the uniformity of seeds and improve the qualification index of the seed sowing.

4. The invention has simple structure, easy installation and disassembly, light whole and smaller volume.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front side cross-sectional view (axial) of the outer housing of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the outer shell plenum area of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a seed wheel of the present invention.

In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:

1. an outer housing; 2. a transverse clapboard; 3. a circular ring-shaped partition plate; 4. a short partition plate; 5. a side plate; 6. an annular strip; 7. a tapered hole; 8. a horizontal blind hole; 9. a slope; 10. an air outlet; 11. an air inlet; 12. and a circular ring-shaped baffle.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

As shown in figure 1, the pneumatic type taper hole wheel type small-particle-size single-seed precise seed sowing device comprises an outer shell 1, a seed sowing wheel, a bearing end cover, a seed discharging inserting plate and a driving shaft.

As shown in fig. 2-4, the outer shell comprises an air chamber, a seed bin and a seed filling chamber which are combined, a bearing hole for mounting a bearing is arranged in the center of the air chamber, two round hole bosses are arranged on the outer side of the air chamber, an air outlet hole 10 is arranged in a seed carrying area, an air inlet hole 11 is arranged in a seed feeding area, internal threads are arranged on the inner wall of each round hole boss and are used for mounting a PC quick connector, seed suction negative pressure is provided for a seed taking area I and a seed carrying area II, seed feeding positive pressure is provided for a seed feeding area III, the air chamber comprises two-stage circular ring-shaped clapboards 3, the inner sides of the two-stage circular ring-shaped clapboards are divided into a plurality of air chamber channels by short clapboards 4, the air chamber channels are arc-shaped areas, the seed taking area I and the seed carrying area II are negative pressure channels, the seed feeding area III is a positive pressure channel, a transverse clapboard 2 is arranged in the outer shell and is used for dividing a seed storage area and a seed filling area of the two-layer-level in the seed filling area into two areas, the seed feeding area can be always kept consistent, one side of the bottom of the air chamber close to one side of the air chamber, the natural slope angle of the air chamber is larger than that of a seed taking slope 9, the seed inserting plate I, and the seed discharging wheel can be used for ensuring that a seed discharging wheel can be used for discharging wheel for discharging and discharging.

As shown in fig. 5, the seed sowing wheel is annular cylindrical and comprises an annular strip 6 and a side plate 5, the center of the side plate 5 is a hexagonal hole, and axial positioning is completed through a hexagonal shaft and a clamp spring; evenly distributed has bell mouth 7 on its circumference surface, its size of dimension and degree of depth slightly are less than seed size, make the seed number of adsorbing at the bell mouth at every turn be one, the bell mouth bottom is opened up and is offered horizontal blind hole 8, the inboard outer lane of seed metering wheel and inner circle have one-level ring shape baffle 12 respectively, with the cooperation of the two-stage ring shape baffle of outer lane in the air chamber passageway of shell body air chamber portion, in order to guarantee the gas tightness of air flow channel, when horizontal blind hole 8 that the bell mouth corresponds is rotatory to getting kind of a district I and taking kind of a district II in, provide the negative pressure in the air flow channel, when horizontal blind hole 8 that the bell mouth corresponds is rotatory to throwing kind of a district III in, provide the malleation in the air flow channel.

The bearing end cover is a circular thin plate and is arranged on the outer side of the air chamber part of the total shell through bolts, and the bearing end cover is used for limiting the transverse freedom degree of the bearing.

The bearing is arranged in a bearing hole on one side of the outer shell, and an inner hole of the bearing is a hexagonal hole.

The driving shaft transmits the power of the seed sowing device, passes through the bearing and the seed sowing wheel in a transverse mode and provides rotary power for the seed sowing device.

The seed unloading plugboard is a square thin plate, is obliquely inserted into a square hole at the rear part of the outer shell when the seeding apparatus works, and can be taken out after the seeding apparatus works to unload the residual seeds in the seeding apparatus.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

the seed metering ware is at the during operation, the seed gets into from the seed storage district of seed room part and fills kind of district, and can get into all the time under the effect on the slope of seed room bottom and get kind of district, along with the rotation of seed metering wheel, the seed is adsorbed on the bell mouth under the effect of negative pressure, the bell mouth carries the seed and removes to taking kind of district by getting kind of district, when the horizontal blind hole that the bell mouth that the seed place corresponds is regional rotatory to the malleation from the negative pressure when regional, the negative pressure effect that the seed received changes into the malleation effect, the seed is discharged under the combined action of self gravity and malleation, accomplish seed metering once.

The foregoing is illustrative of the best mode contemplated for carrying out the present invention and the details not specifically mentioned are within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any equivalent modifications based on the technical teaching of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic type taper hole wheel type small-particle-size seed single-seed precise seed sowing device is characterized by comprising an outer shell (1) and seed sowing wheels, wherein the outer shell (1) is a hollow shell and comprises a seed bin, a seed filling chamber and an air chamber, a transverse partition plate (2) is horizontally arranged between the seed bin and the seed filling chamber, and a communication port is formed in one side of the transverse partition plate (2);

the seed filling chamber is provided with an air chamber at one side below the seed bin, the air chamber comprises two concentric circular ring-shaped clapboards (3), the two circular ring-shaped clapboards (3) are tightly attached to one side of the seed sowing wheel, an annular cavity is formed between the two circular ring-shaped clapboards (3), a plurality of short clapboards (4) are arranged in the annular cavity, the annular cavity is divided into a seed taking and carrying area, a seed throwing area and a transition area by the plurality of short clapboards (4), the seed throwing area is positioned below the annular cavity, the transition area is positioned between the seed taking and carrying area and the seed throwing area, a shell at the outer side of the seed taking and carrying area is provided with an air outlet (10), and a shell at the outer side of the seed throwing area is provided with an air inlet (11);

the seed sowing wheel is vertically arranged at the outer side of the air chamber, the seed sowing wheel can rotate relative to the outer shell body (1), the seed sowing wheel comprises a side plate (5) and an annular strip (6), a through hole used for connecting a rotating shaft is formed in the center of the side plate (5), the annular strip (6) is fixed on the side plate (5) and is located in the annular cavity, a plurality of horizontal blind holes (8) are uniformly formed in the front of the annular strip (6), a plurality of conical holes (7) are uniformly formed in the outer side surface of the annular strip (6), the conical holes (7) correspond to the horizontal blind holes (8) one to one, the conical holes (7) are communicated with the corresponding horizontal blind holes (8), a gas channel is formed by the conical holes (7) and the horizontal blind holes (8) together with the annular cavity, one end of the gas channel is the conical hole (7), and the other end of the gas channel is an air inlet hole (11)/an outlet hole (10);

horizontal blind hole (8) rotate and get when planting and take the position of kind district intercommunication, corresponding bell mouth (7) form the negative pressure and adsorb the seed, horizontal blind hole (8) rotate and throw when planting the position of district intercommunication, corresponding bell mouth (7) form the malleation and release adsorbed seed.

2. The pneumatic taper hole wheel type small-particle-size seed and single-seed precision seed metering device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central angle degree range corresponding to the seed taking and carrying area is 270-280 degrees, and the central angle degree range corresponding to the seed feeding area is 30-50 degrees.

3. The pneumatic taper hole wheel type small-particle-size single-seed precise seed sowing device according to claim 1, wherein a seed discharging port is arranged at one side of the seed sowing device below the outer shell (1), and a seed discharging inserting plate is arranged at the seed discharging port.

4. The pneumatic type taper hole wheel type small-particle-size seed single-seed precision seed metering device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the taper hole (7) is smaller than that of the seed.

5. The pneumatic type taper hole wheel type small-particle-size single-seed precise seed sowing device according to claim 1, wherein a slope (9) is arranged on the back surface of the interior of the seed filling chamber below the transverse partition plate (2), the axis of the slope (9) is perpendicular to the axis of the transverse partition plate (2), the slope (9) inclines from one side far away from the seed sowing wheel to one side close to the seed sowing wheel, and the angle of the slope (9) is larger than the natural angle of repose of crop seeds.

6. The pneumatic taper hole wheel type small-particle-size single-seed precise seed sowing device according to claim 1, wherein a circle of circular ring-shaped baffle (12) is respectively arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the annular strip (6), the two circles of circular ring-shaped baffles (12) are respectively in close fit with the two circular ring-shaped partition plates (3) to form an annular cavity, and the taper hole (7) penetrates through the outer circular ring-shaped baffle (12).

7. The pneumatic taper hole wheel type small-particle-size single-seed precise seed sowing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air outlet hole (10) is used for connecting a negative pressure end of a fan, and the air inlet hole (11) is used for connecting a positive pressure end of the fan.