CN210782038U

CN210782038U - Air-suction type cell seed sowing device

Info

Publication number: CN210782038U
Application number: CN201921087410.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丛锦玲; 吴孟宸; 闫琴; 丛英娜; 江英兰; 黄勇; 田学艳; 朱彤; 齐贝贝; 彭心怡; 王怡苏
Original assignee: Shihezi University
Current assignee: Shihezi University
Priority date: 2019-07-12
Filing date: 2019-07-12
Publication date: 2020-06-19
Anticipated expiration: 2029-07-12

Abstract

The utility model relates to an air-suction type nest eye seed metering ware, by seed metering ware casing, seed chamber, seed clearing brush, seed metering dish, disconnected gas dog, secondary throw kind of clitellum device and axle and constitute, wherein: the shell of the seeding unit comprises a front end cover, a cover plate, a waistband and an outer fixed disc; the shaft is arranged on the shell of the seed sowing device, the seed sowing disc is positioned and fixed on the outer fixed disc through the shaft, the front end cover is positioned above the seed sowing disc, the air-break stop block is positioned in the negative pressure air chamber of the seed sowing disc, the seed cleaning brush is arranged on the inner side of the front end cover, and the secondary seed feeding girdle device is welded on the inner wall of the waistband. The utility model discloses can divide into according to theory of operation and get kind of district, clear kind of district, take kind of district and throw kind of district. Seeds in the seed taking area enter the cell holes under the action of negative pressure and self gravity, the excess seeds at the edges of the cell holes are brushed back to the seed chambers by the seed cleaning brushes in the seed cleaning areas and enter the seed throwing areas through the seed carrying areas, and the seeds are thrown under the self gravity. The utility model discloses can effectively reduce the requirement to the seed metering negative pressure and to the damage of seed, promote the qualification rate of seed metering ware seeding.

Description

Air-suction type cell seed sowing device

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the smart volume seed metering ware field of agricultural machine, concretely relates to air-aspiration type nest eye seed metering ware.

Background

The precise seeding can save seeds and reduce thinning operation, and researches show that the uniform planting distance is beneficial to the growth of crops and the improvement of yield. The seeding apparatus is a core component for realizing a precision seeding technology, and the seeding precision, the uniformity, the emergence rate of seeds and the like are directly influenced by the working performance of the seeding apparatus. With the development of precision seeding technology in recent years, mechanical seeding apparatuses are widely used due to low production cost, but the mechanical seeding apparatuses have high requirements on the shape and size of seeds, are easy to damage the seeds in the seeding process, and cannot be used for too fast seeding. The pneumatic seeding apparatus has the advantages of not strict requirements on the size and shape of seeds, good universality, capability of improving the operation speed of the seeding machine, higher requirements on a fan and high energy consumption.

The pneumatic seeding apparatus has good adaptability to small-particle-size seeds, the adsorption rate is closely related to the power of a fan, the requirement on the power of the fan is high for medium-particle-size seeds, the adsorption rate is low in the seed carrying process, the miss-seeding rate is high, the qualified rate is low, and the seeding effect is poor. At present, the seeds of plants with medium and large particle sizes are sown in China mainly by means of mechanical seed sowing devices, the adaptability to the seeds with irregular shapes is poor, and the adsorbability of the pneumatic seed sowing devices in the operation process is slightly insufficient.

Disclosure of Invention

To the above problem, the utility model aims at providing a centering, big particle diameter, especially the anomalous crop seed of shape, the low and easy air-aspiration type nest eye seed metering ware of getting kind of throwing kind of damage rate combines strength, mechanical type seed metering ware principle of getting kind of, utilizes negative pressure and seed self gravity to get kind to take kind district and throw kind district key component and design. Because of the population mobility is little, set up seed metering dish 10 outer wall into the structure of falling the trapezium, make the population collect more easily under the action of gravity at the trapezoidal bottom of falling (around the nest eye), secondly, the seed gets into the nest eye under the combined action of negative pressure and self gravity, brush room around the nest eye through clear kind brush 8 in the district of carrying kind, make the downthehole single seed that only contains of nest eye get into through carrying kind of the district and throw kind of the district, in this region, gas block dog 15 blocks the negative pressure, the seed receives the action of gravity to fall into secondary through once throwing kind of district 17 and throws kind of clitellum device 13, finally fall into kind of the cave through duckbilled mechanism.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the seeding apparatus of the present invention adopts the following specific structure.

A pneumatic cell seed sowing device comprises a seed sowing device shell, a seed chamber 7, a seed cleaning brush 8, a seed sowing plate 10, a gas cut-off stop dog 15, a secondary seed feeding ring belt device 13 and a shaft 3, wherein the seed sowing device shell is provided with a seed inlet and a seed outlet.

The seed metering disc 10 is arranged in the shell of the seed metering device and is fixed on the outer fixed disc 11; the shaft 3 is arranged in the center of the shell of the seed sowing device; the air-break baffle 15 is arranged in the negative pressure air chamber of the seed plate 10; the seed chamber 7 is arranged inside the shell of the seed sowing device and is fixed on the front end cover 4 of the seed sowing device; the seed cleaning brush 8 is arranged inside the shell of the seed sowing device and fixed on the inner side of the front end cover 4 of the seed sowing device.

The seed metering device, wherein: the shell of the seed metering device comprises a front end cover 4 of the seed metering device, a cover plate 5 of the seed metering device, a belt 12 and an outer fixed disc 11 of the seed metering device. The outer fixed plate 11 is a circular bottom plate, a circular hole for placing a bearing is formed in the center of the outer fixed plate, a groove is milled on the periphery of the bearing hole, and threaded holes are uniformly distributed in the groove and used for fixing the seed metering plate 10; the waistband 12 is welded on the outer fixed plate 11, a square seed outlet is distributed on the outer wall of the waistband, and round holes are drilled around the seed outlet and used for fixing a duckbill mechanism; the cover plate 5 is fixed on the outer fixed disc 11 through bolts, and the waistband 12 is clamped between the cover plate and the outer fixed disc; the outer side of the front end cover 4 is provided with a seed inlet 20, a seed cleaning visible window 2 and a seed throwing visible window 6, a visible window transparent cover plate is arranged at the upper part of the visible window, a seed protecting plate 16 is arranged at the position corresponding to the seed carrying area at the inner side of the front end cover 4, the seed protecting plate is 2-3 mm away from the seed metering plate, a seed throwing area 17 is arranged at the lower part of the inner side of the front end cover 4 and is formed by welding thin plates, and one end of the seed throwing area is connected with the seed protecting plate 16.

The seed metering device, wherein: the seed metering dish 10 is located the seed metering ware casing inside, fixes a position through axle 3, fixes on outer fixed plate 11, seed metering dish 10 outer wall is the trapezoidal structure of falling, falls trapezoidal bottom equipartition and has the nest eye hole unanimous with duckbilled quantity, and the size of nest eye hole size is close with the size of target seed, makes it can only hold down single seed, and seed metering dish 10 has milled the inner chamber from a terminal surface, constitutes the enclosure space with sealed lid 9 and rubber seal 14 to link to each other with fan negative pressure trachea through axle 3 and form the negative pressure air chamber, and sealing washer 14 is placed in seed metering dish 10 top peripheral recess, nest eye hole bottom is bored has the communicating round hole with the negative pressure air chamber, and the diameter is 4~6 mm.

The seed metering device, wherein: the seed chamber 7 is positioned in the shell of the seed sowing device, is connected with the seed inlet 20, is made of thin-wall stainless steel, is fixed on the inner side of the front end cover 4 of the seed sowing device through bolts, and the bottom of the seed chamber 7 is of a trapezoidal structure and is matched with the outer wall of the seed sowing disc 10; the seed cleaning brush 8 is a nylon soft brush and is arranged on the corresponding part of the seed cleaning area on the inner wall of the front end cover through a bolt.

The seed metering device, wherein: the secondary seed feeding ring belt device 13 is positioned in the seed sowing device and is fixed on the inner wall of the waistband 12 of the seed sowing device by welding, a square hole corresponding to the seed feeding port of the waistband 12 is arranged above the secondary seed feeding ring belt device 13, and a seed baffle plate is arranged at one end of the square hole.

The seed metering device, wherein: duckbilled mechanism passes through bolted connection to be fixed the waistband 12 outside, quantity and seed metering ware waistband 12 on throw kind of a mouthful unanimous, duckbilled mechanism moves palm 18 and decides palm 19 to constitute by moving, moves palm 18 and links to each other with deciding palm 19 through a pin, moves and is equipped with a spring (not marked in the figure) between palm 18 afterbody and waistband 12, is used for controlling opening and shutting of duckbilled.

The seed metering device, wherein: get indoor seed of kind of a district and plant gathering around the hole under the trapezoidal structure effect of falling to get into under the combined action of negative pressure and seed gravity the hole, clear kind of brush 8 returns indoor with the seed brush around the hole in clear kind of a district, and the seed of the district of taking kind can arrive smoothly under the effect of seed protection board and throw kind of a district, throws kind of a district, and the dog 15 of breathing out blocks the negative pressure in throwing kind of a district, and the downthehole seed of hole is thrown kind of a district 17 by once and is fallen into secondary and throw kind of clitellum device 13 under self action of gravity, throws kind of a mouthful through the duckbilled in falling into kind of a cave through establishing on waistband 12 at last, accomplishes once and throws kind.

The beneficial effects of the utility model.

The utility model relates to a pneumatic type nest eye seed sowing device, which can realize the precision sowing of seeds with large grain sizes and irregular shapes.

The utility model discloses seed metering dish outer wall is for falling the trapezium structure, is favorable to planting indoor seed to collect, promotes the seed rate of filling of seed, reduces the rate of leaking of seed.

The utility model discloses to get kind of mode and set up to the strength and adsorb and seed self gravity jointly get kind, can effectively promote the seed filling rate of seed metering ware operation in-process seed.

The utility model discloses seed metering dish simple structure, processing is convenient, and the motion space of seed can be restricted in the cooperation of taking kind of a district and the inboard seed protection board of seed metering ware front end housing, can effectively solve seed metering in-process strength unstability and adsorption affinity not enough and lead to missing the problem of broadcasting, improves taking kind of a rate of seeds, and then promotes the qualification rate of seed.

The utility model discloses be provided with the secondary and throw kind of clitellum device, the seed gets into the secondary through once throwing kind of district and throws kind of clitellum device, can ensure that the seed gets into duckbilled device, avoids the seed to get into the seed metering ware casing at the in-process of throwing kind, makes seed metering ware throw kind district seed stream appear disorderly phenomenon.

Drawings

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a view of the working area of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the outer fixed plate structure of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the secondary seed feeding girdle device of the utility model.

Fig. 6 is an exploded view of the seed plate structure of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the upper surface of the front end cover of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is an inner side view of the front end cover of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a side view of the seed plate of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the seed plate of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the chamber of the present invention.

Figure 12 is a schematic view of the duckbill structure of the present invention.

Wherein: 1-seed inlet pipe; 2-visible window of seed cleaning area; 3-axis; 4-front end cover; 5-cover plate; 6-visible window of seed throwing area; 7-chamber; 8-cleaning the seeds with a brush; 9-sealing the air chamber cover plate of the seeding plate; 10-a seed sowing plate; 11-outer fixed plate; 12-waistband; 13-secondary seed feeding and ring belt device; 14-rubber seal ring; 15-air cut-off block; 16-protecting the seed plate; 17-a primary seed throwing area; 18-duckbill mechanism moving palm; 19-duckbill mechanism palm fixing; 20-seed inlet; i-a seed taking area; II, cleaning the seeds; III-a seed-carrying zone; IV-seed throwing area.

Detailed Description

The utility model relates to an air-aspiration type cell seed metering device, which comprises a seed metering device shell, a seed chamber 7, a seed cleaning brush 8, a seed metering disc 10, an air-break stop dog 15, a secondary seed-feeding ring belt device 13 and a shaft 3.

The shell of the seed metering device comprises a front end cover 4 of the seed metering device, a cover plate 5, a waistband 12 and an outer fixed disc 11. The outer fixed disk 11 of the seed sowing device is a circular bottom plate, the center of the outer fixed disk is provided with a bearing hole, and the shaft 3 is positioned at the center of the outer fixed disk 11 through a bearing so as to realize the function that the shaft 3 does not rotate along with the outer fixed disk 11. The belt 12 is a cylindrical thin plate and is welded on the inner side of the outer fixed disc 11, square seed throwing ports are evenly distributed on the periphery of the belt, bolt holes are drilled at the adjacent positions of four corners of each seed throwing port, and the duckbill mechanism is fixed on the outer side of the belt 12 of the seed sowing device through the bolt holes. The cover plate 5 is connected with the outer fixed plate 11 through bolts, and the waistband 12 is arranged between the cover plate and the outer fixed plate; the front end cover 4 is sleeved on the shaft 3 and positioned on the seed metering disc sealing cover 9 through a key on the shaft 3, a certain pressure is applied to the sealing cover 9, the sealing performance of a negative pressure air chamber of the seed metering disc 10 can be improved, the upper surface of the front end cover 4 is provided with a seed inlet 20, a seed cleaning area visible window 2 and a seed feeding area visible window 6, a seed inlet pipe 1 is installed on the seed inlet 20, seeds can enter a seed metering chamber 7 through the seed inlet pipe 1, a transparent cover plate fixed through bolts is arranged on the visible window, the seed cleaning area visible window 2 can be used for observing the seed filling condition in the hole of the hole and the seed cleaning condition of a seed cleaning brush 8 in the running process of the seed metering device, and the seed feeding condition of the seed metering disc 10 can be observed through the seed feeding area visible window 6. The lower surface of the front end cover 4 is provided with an arc seed protection plate 16 in a seed carrying area, the seed protection plate 16 and the outer wall of the seed sowing plate 10 are spaced by 2-3 mm, the function of limiting the movement space of seeds is achieved, when the negative pressure is unstable in the running process of the seed sowing device, the seeds can still run to a seed throwing area under the limiting effect of the seed protection plate 16, the lower surface of the front end cover 4 of the seed sowing device in the seed throwing area is provided with a seed throwing area 17 which is formed by welding thin plates, one end of the seed throwing area 17 is spaced by 2-3 mm from the outer wall of the seed sowing plate 10, the other end of the seed throwing area extends outwards to the seed throwing port of the secondary seed throwing ring belt device 13, the lower surface of the primary seed throwing area 17 is flush with the inverted trapezoidal upper side of the seed sowing plate.

The inner wall of the seed metering device belt 12 is welded with a secondary seed feeding ring belt device 13, the upper surface of which is provided with a seed feeding port and corresponds to a square hole arranged on the belt to form a secondary seed feeding area, so that seeds enter the secondary seed feeding area from the primary seed feeding area, and the miss rate of the seeds is reduced.

The seed metering device waistband 12 outer wall has duckbilled mechanism through the bolt rigid coupling, it is by moving palm 18 and deciding palm 19 and constitute, move palm 18 and link to each other with deciding palm 19 through a pin, move palm 18 afterbody inboard and waistband 12 between be equipped with a spring (not marked in the figure), be used for controlling the opening and shutting of duckbilled, its embodiment is, when moving palm 18 afterbody and ground contact, move the mouth of a plant between palm 18 and the deciding palm 19 and open, the seed falls into the kind cave of digging out of deciding palm 19 by the mouth of a plant, the duckbilled rotates off ground afterwards, move palm 18 under the reaction force of spring with its with decide the mouth of a plant closure between palm 19, accomplish one time and throw kind.

The shaft 3 is positioned by a bearing, is arranged on an outer fixed disc, is a hollow shaft, and is provided with a round hole at the tail end for connecting a negative pressure air pipe of a fan and a negative pressure air chamber of the seed sowing disc 10, and is a negative pressure air flow channel.

The outer wall of the seed discharging plate 10 is of an inverted trapezoidal structure and is matched with the trapezoidal structure at the lower part of the seed chamber 7, so that the seed group is easier to gather around the cell hole under the action of the inverted trapezoidal structure, and the seed taking rate is improved; the lower part of the inverted trapezoidal structure is uniformly provided with cell holes (the inner diameter and the height of each cell hole are related to the grain diameter of crop seeds, so that only one seed can be accommodated in each cell hole), the seed discharging plate 10 achieves the seed taking effect, an inner cavity is milled at one end of the seed discharging plate 10 and is connected with a fan negative pressure air pipe through a shaft 3 to form a negative pressure air chamber, the upper part of the negative pressure air chamber is provided with a sealing cover plate 9, a rubber sealing ring 14 is arranged between the end face of the seed discharging plate 10 and the sealing cover plate 9 and is positioned in a groove arranged on the end face of the seed discharging plate 10 to improve the sealing performance of the negative pressure air chamber and reduce the negative pressure loss, and round holes communicated with the negative pressure air chamber are drilled at the. The lower part of the negative pressure air chamber of the seed metering disc 10 is drilled with a threaded hole and is connected with a peripheral groove internal threaded hole of a bearing hole of the outer fixed disc 11 through a bolt, so that the seed metering disc is fixedly connected on the outer fixed disc 11 to realize synchronous rotation with the outer fixed disc 11.

The air-break stop block 15 is formed by welding a steel plate and an arc-shaped plate, the tail end of the steel plate is welded on the shaft shoulder of the shaft 3, and the arc-shaped plate is attached to the inner wall of the negative pressure air chamber of the seed metering disc 10 to block the negative pressure in the pocket hole, so that the seed metering disc 10 is not adsorbed by the negative pressure when rotating to the seed throwing region, and seed throwing is realized.

The seed chamber 7 is made of thin stainless steel, the upper surface of the seed chamber is drilled with threaded holes, the seed chamber is connected with the front end cover 4 of the seed sowing device through bolts and is positioned at the middle upper part of the periphery of the seed sowing disk, the front end cover 4 and the outer fixed disk 11 are arranged between, and the lower part of the seed chamber 7 is arranged to be of a trapezoidal structure, and the seed chamber can be matched with the trapezoidal structure of the outer wall of the seed sowing disk 10 to play a role in gathering seed.

The seed cleaning brush 8 is installed on the inner side of the front end cover 4 of the seed sowing device through bolt connection and is used for brushing off the seeds which are carried at the periphery of the pocket hole, so that only a single seed carried in the pocket hole enters the seed carrying area.

To sum up, the seed metering dish 10 rotates along with outer fixed plate 11, and seed room 7 cooperatees with seed metering dish 10 and forms the district of getting kind, and clear kind brush 8 forms clear kind of district with seed metering dish 10 interact, protects kind of a board 16 and seed metering dish 10 and combines together to constitute and carries kind of a district, and the seed metering ware forms the district of throwing kind under gas stop 15, the first district 17 of throwing kind, the secondary clitellum device 13 combined action of throwing kind, wherein: the trapezoidal structure of the lower part of the seed taking area is matched with the trapezoidal structure of the outer wall of the seed discharging plate 10; the seed cleaning brush 8 in the seed cleaning area is contacted with the outer wall of the seed discharging plate 10; the distance between the seed protection plate 16 of the seed carrying area and the seed sowing plate 10 is 2-3 mm; one end of a primary seed feeding area 17 in the seed feeding area is 2-3 mm away from the seed discharging plate 10, and the other end of the primary seed feeding area is matched with the secondary seed feeding ring belt device 13, so that seeds can smoothly enter the secondary seed feeding area to realize seed feeding; the seeding apparatus can solve the problems of weak adsorption force on seeds and low seed carrying rate when the negative pressure is unstable on the whole; and, the inside region with seed direct contact of seed metering ware is equipped with the fillet, and the reducible damage to the seed promotes the survival rate of seed.

When the seeding apparatus works, the working process is as follows: the seeds enter a seed chamber 7 through a seed inlet pipe 1, seed flow is collected at the inverted trapezoidal bottom (around a cell hole) through an inverted trapezoidal structure on the outer wall of a seed plate 10, the seeds enter the cell hole under the action of gravity and negative pressure along with the rotation of the seed plate 10 and then rotate to a seed cleaning area, the excess seeds outside the cell hole are brushed back to the seed chamber 7 by a seed cleaning brush 8 (only single seeds are reserved in the cell hole) and enter a seed carrying area, the seeds enter a seed feeding area under the combined action of the negative pressure and a seed protecting plate 16, at the moment, the negative pressure in the cell hole is blocked by a gas blocking baffle 15, the seeds slide down from the cell hole under the action of self gravity, enter a secondary seed feeding girdle device 13 through a primary seed feeding area 17, and then fall into a seed hole dug by a duckbilled piece 19 to finish primary seed feeding.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an air-suction type nest eye seed metering ware, is applicable to well, big particle size seed metering, including seed metering ware casing, seed chamber, seed clearing brush, seed metering dish, gas break dog, secondary seed input clitellum device and axle, its characterized in that: the shell of the seeding unit consists of a front end cover, a cover plate, a waistband and an outer fixed disc; the outer wall of the seed discharging disc is of an inverted trapezoid structure, the bottom of the inverted trapezoid is uniformly provided with pocket holes with the same number as duckbills of the seed discharging device, the size of the pocket holes is close to that of target seeds, so that the seed discharging disc can only contain single seeds, round corners are inverted around the pocket holes, damage to the seeds can be reduced, the seed discharging disc is milled with an inner cavity, a negative pressure air chamber is formed by the seed discharging disc, a sealing cover and a rubber sealing ring, the sealing ring is placed in a peripheral groove at the top of the seed discharging disc, the air tightness of the negative pressure air chamber can be improved, and round holes communicated with the negative pressure air; the corresponding position of the seed carrying area on the inner side of the front end cover is provided with a seed protecting plate which is spaced from the seed discharging plate by 2-3 mm and used for limiting the movement space of seeds in the seed carrying area.

2. The air-aspiration pocket seed meter of claim 1, wherein: the seed metering disc is arranged in the shell of the seed metering device, positioned by a shaft and fixed on the outer fixed disc.

3. The air-aspiration pocket seed meter of claim 1, wherein: the upper surface of the front end cover of the seed sowing device is provided with a seed inlet, a visible window of a seed cleaning area and a visible window of a seed throwing area, the seed inlet is connected with a seed inlet pipe, a transparent cover plate is arranged on the visible window, the inner side of the front end cover is contacted with a sealing cover plate of a seed sowing plate, a seed throwing area at the lower part of the inner side of the front end cover is provided with a primary seed throwing space, and the seed throwing space is formed by welding thin plates and is used for connecting a cell hole with the seed inlet on a secondary seed.

4. The air-aspiration pocket seed meter of claim 1, wherein: inside the secondary was thrown the girdle device and is located the seed metering ware casing, the welding was equipped with the square hole on the seed metering ware waistband inner wall, the secondary was thrown kind of a girdle device, corresponds with the drill way that establishes on the waistband to it has the fender seed board to weld in square hole one end, can promote the seed metering ware and throw kind of a rate of accuracy, and then promotes the qualification rate.

5. The air-aspiration pocket seed meter of claim 1, wherein: the seed chamber is made of thin-wall stainless steel and is fixed at a corresponding position of a seed taking area at the front end cover of the seed sowing device through a bolt, and the lower part of the seed chamber is of a trapezoidal structure and is matched with an inverted trapezoidal structure at the outer wall of the seed sowing plate, so that seeds can be conveniently collected around the cell hole under the action of gravity, and the seed taking rate is improved.

6. The air-aspiration pocket seed meter of claim 1, wherein: the seed cleaning brush is arranged at the corresponding part of the seed cleaning area at the inner side of the front end cover of the seed metering device and is used for brushing the redundant seeds around the hole of the seed metering disc back to the seed chamber so as to improve the single seed rate of the seeds in the hole.