CN210630205U

CN210630205U - Pneumatic and mechanical combined seed sowing device

Info

Publication number: CN210630205U
Application number: CN201920984686.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丛锦玲; 朱彤; 坎杂; 闫琴; 丛英娜; 吴孟宸; 齐贝贝; 彭心怡; 王怡苏
Original assignee: Shihezi University
Current assignee: Shihezi University
Priority date: 2019-06-27
Filing date: 2019-06-27
Publication date: 2020-05-29
Anticipated expiration: 2029-06-27

Abstract

The utility model discloses a strength machinery combined type seed metering ware relates to the agricultural machine field, gets kind of a, takes kind of principle to combine pneumatic and mechanical type seed metering ware, realizes getting kind of a, machinery in coordination takes kind of a, including inhaling kind of a device, taking kind of a device and protecting kind of a device, wherein: the seed suction device comprises a seed metering disc and a convex block, an inverted trapezoidal track is arranged on the outer circumference of the seed metering disc, the convex block is uniformly distributed in the track, the seed carrying device comprises the seed metering disc, the convex block and a seed protecting plate, the inner side of the seed protecting plate is provided with a rectangular seed protecting track, and the seed protecting track and the inverted trapezoidal track of the seed metering disc jointly form a seed metering channel. The utility model can adapt to the external dimension of seeds, and utilizes the negative pressure airflow and the lug to cooperatively fetch seeds, thereby enhancing the fluidity of the seeds, improving the seed fetching effect and reducing the negative pressure energy consumption; at the highest point of the seed carrying area, the negative pressure suction of the profile hole disappears, the seeds slide to the previous bump along the seed discharging channel under the action of gravity, the processes of mechanical seed carrying and seed throwing are completed, and the seed discharging process is more stable.

Description

Pneumatic and mechanical combined seed sowing device

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, concretely relates to pneumatic and mechanical combined type seed metering ware suitable for big, medium-size seeds such as peanut, soybean and cotton.

Background

Precision seeding has the advantages of time saving, seed saving, labor saving, convenience for field management and the like, and mechanical precision seeding is widely applied as a main mode for planting crops such as peanuts, cotton and the like. The seeding apparatus is a core component for realizing precision seeding technology, and the quality of the working performance of the seeding apparatus directly influences the seeding quality. The existing seed sowing devices are mainly divided into two types, namely mechanical type and pneumatic type. The mechanical seed sowing device has simple structure and low price, so the mechanical seed sowing device is widely used by farmers, but has higher requirements on the shape and the size of seeds, has low seed filling precision, is difficult to control the seed filling quantity each time and realize high-speed operation; when the air-suction type seed sowing device works, seeds are adsorbed on the seed sowing disc-shaped holes by utilizing negative pressure airflow, the applicability to the overall dimension of the seeds is good, the high-speed operation is easy to realize, however, strong mechanical vibration is generated in the advancing process of a tractor, the adsorbed seeds are easy to drop from the shaped holes, and when the number of the shaped holes working simultaneously is large and the aperture is large, the requirement on the power of a fan is relatively high, and the energy consumption is large.

Aiming at the problems that a mechanical seed sowing device has high requirements on the shape and size of seeds, the seed filling precision is not high, the air suction type seed sowing device is centered, the adsorption rate of seeds with large particle size is low, the miss-seeding rate is high, the requirement on fan power is high and the like, a pneumatic mechanical combined seed sowing device combining the pneumatic and mechanical seed sowing device seed taking and carrying principles is designed, the seed filling precision and the sowing efficiency are improved, the energy consumption is reduced, the yield and the income of crops are increased, and the pneumatic mechanical combined seed sowing device has important significance for the development of agricultural modernization in China.

Disclosure of Invention

To the technical problem who exists above, the utility model aims at providing a pneumatic mechanical combined type seed metering ware to big, the crop seed of well particle diameter gets kind, takes kind of principle to combine together pneumatic and mechanical type seed metering ware, realizes getting kind, machinery in coordination and takes kind, improves the seed adsorption rate, reduces the energy consumption and leaks the rate of sowing.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the seed sowing device of the utility model adopts the following specific structure:

a kind of air-force machinery combined type seed metering device, including absorbing the seed device, carrying the seed device, protecting the seed device, seed metering device shell and axle 14, wherein, absorb the seed device and is made up of seed metering disc 6 and lug 9, the said seed metering disc 6 is a cylinder, there are inverted trapezoidal orbits 7 along the outer circumference, distribute the shape hole 8 of several identical diameters on the orbit, the said lug 9 is distributed on orbit 7, the quantity is identical with shape hole 8, fix through the screw, the distance of the centre of shape hole 8 of front end face of the said lug 9, according to the difference of the seed, set up as 4-6mm, its cross section is the sector; the front side of the seed metering disc is provided with a cover plate 5, the cover plate 5 and the seed metering disc 6 are fixed through screws, the seed metering disc 6 and the cover plate 5 are positioned through a shaft 14 and are fixed on an outer fixed disc 22, the seed metering disc and the outer fixed disc 22 form a seed metering device negative pressure air chamber, and the specific sizes of the seed metering disc 6, the molded holes 8 and the lugs 9 can be changed according to different crop seeds; the seed carrying device and the seed protecting device are composed of a seed discharging disk track 7, a convex block 9 and a seed protecting plate 10, wherein the rectangular seed protecting track 11 is arranged on the inner side of the seed protecting plate 10, and forms a seed discharging channel together with the trapezoidal track 7 on the seed discharging disk 6, a seed feeding port 12 is arranged on the lower side of the seed protecting plate 10, the seed feeding port 12 is communicated with the rectangular seed protecting track 11, and the seed protecting plate 10 is fixed on the outer disk 3 of the seed discharging device through a screw and does not rotate along with the shell of the seed discharging device.

The seed metering device shell comprises an outer circular disc 3, an end cover 4, a waistband 16 and an outer fixed disc 22; wherein, the shaft 14 is a hollow shaft, is a negative pressure airflow channel of a negative pressure air chamber of the seeding unit and a negative pressure air pipe of a fan, and is arranged on an outer fixed disc 22 of the seeding unit; the outer disc 3 is provided with a seed inlet and two visual windows, is respectively connected with a seed inlet pipe 1 and a transparent end cover 2, is positioned by a screw, and can observe the seed sowing condition in the seed sowing device through the transparent end cover 2; a seed metering device end cover 4 is arranged on the outer side of the outer disc 3.

The outer fixed disk 22 of seed metering ware passes through the bolt fastening with seed metering ware end cover 4 to press from both sides seed metering ware waistband 16 between the two, the outer fixed disk 22 of seed metering ware all is equipped with the boss with 4 inboards of end cover for location waistband 16 can avoid waistband 16 to produce the dislocation at the course of the work, waistband 16 is the annular sheet metal, and it throws kind of a mouth 18 to evenly distribute along the circumferencial direction, throw kind of a mouth 18 outside and welded and protected kind of baffle 21, inboard cloth has and throws kind of baffle 14, constitutes the seed metering part jointly with duckbilled mechanism.

The seed sowing device also comprises an air break block 13 and a seed chamber 15, wherein the air break block 13 is positioned through a shaft 14, is arranged in the negative pressure air chamber of the seed sowing disk 6, is attached to the inner wall of the air chamber and does not rotate along with the seed sowing device; the lower side of the seed chamber 15 is provided with a rectangular through hole for the bump to pass through, the rear side is provided with a baffle plate, and the front side is fixed on the inner side of the outer disc 3 through a screw. In the seed taking stage, the seed metering disc 6 and the lug 9 are driven by the seed metering disc outer fixed disc 22 to rotate, seed taking is realized under the synergistic action of the negative pressure suction force of the seed metering disc type hole 8 and the mechanical lug 9, when the seed metering disc moves to the highest point of the seed carrying area, the negative pressure air chamber is separated from the seed metering disc 6 by the air stopping block 13, the negative pressure suction force of the type hole 8 disappears, seeds slide to the previous lug along the seed metering channel under the action of self gravity and continue to rotate along the seed metering disc 6, finally enter the seed throwing area, fall by gravity, fall into the secondary seed throwing port 18 under the action of the seed throwing partition plate 17 and then enter the duckbill mechanism, and when the duckbill 19 is opened, the seeds fall into the seed hole dug by the seed protecting baffle plate 20.

The utility model has the advantages that:

1. the pneumatic and mechanical seed metering device is combined with the seed taking and carrying principle, and the negative pressure airflow and the mechanical lug are utilized to cooperatively take seeds, so that the flowability of the seeds is enhanced, the problems of unstable pneumatic and insufficient adsorption force are avoided, and the seed taking effect is effectively improved;

2. the air is cut off at the highest point of the seed carrying area, the seeds slide to the previous bump by means of self gravity, mechanical seed carrying and feeding are realized, the influence of mechanical vibration on the seed carrying in the working process can be reduced, the seed carrying and feeding process is more stable, and the seed carrying effect is improved;

3. the mode of taking seeds and carrying and throwing seeds by the cooperation of pneumatic machinery has small requirement on negative pressure, effectively reduces the negative pressure energy consumption and improves the qualified rate of seed sowing;

4. the seed carrying and throwing device adopts a seed discharging channel formed by combining an inverted trapezoidal track and a seed protecting track, and has the characteristics of simple structure, easy processing, reliable work, convenient maintenance and use and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a front view structure section of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a side view of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the seed plate and the bumps of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the structure schematic diagram of the seed protection plate of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the gas-break block structure of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the outer disc and the transparent end cap of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the waistband structure of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the outer fixed plate structure of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the shaft structure of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-seed inlet pipe; 2-a transparent end cap; 3-an outer disc; 4-end cover; 5-cover plate; 6-seed sowing plate; 7-inverted trapezoidal track; 8-shaped holes; 9-a bump; 10-protecting the seed plate; 11-seed protection track; 12-seed throwing; 13-air break block; 14-axis; 15-seed chamber; 16-waistband; 17-seed throwing partition board; 18-secondary seed throwing; 19-duckbill; 20-duckbill springs; 21-seed protection baffle; 22-external fixed plate of seed sowing device.

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the pneumatic and mechanical combined seed sowing device comprises: the seed metering device comprises a seed metering device shell, a seed sucking device, a seed carrying device, a seed protecting device, a seed metering device shaft 14 and the like, wherein the seed metering device shell is composed of an outer circular disc 3, an end cover 4, a waistband 16 and an outer fixed disc 22, the internal structure of the seed metering device is composed of a seed sucking device, a seed carrying device, a seed protecting device, a seed metering device shaft 14 and the like, and the external device of the seed metering.

The seed metering ware casing comprises outer disc 3, end cover 4, waistband 16 and outer fixed disk 22, and wherein, the outer fixed disk 22 of seed metering ware passes through the bolt fastening with seed metering ware end cover 4 to press from both sides seed metering ware waistband 16 between the two, the outer fixed disk 22 of seed metering ware and 4 inboards of end cover all are equipped with the boss for location waistband 16 can avoid waistband 16 to produce the dislocation in the course of the work, waistband 16 is annular sheet metal, and evenly cloth has the secondary along the circumferencial direction and throws kind of a mouth 18, throw kind of a mouth 18 outside and weld and protect kind of baffle 21, inboard cloth has and throws kind of baffle 14, constitutes the seed metering part jointly with duckbilled mechanism.

The internal structure of the seed sowing device comprises a seed suction device, a seed carrying device, a seed protecting device, a shaft 14, an air break block 13 and a seed chamber 15, wherein the shaft 14 is a hollow shaft and is a negative pressure air flow channel of a negative pressure air chamber of the seed sowing device and a negative pressure air pipe of a fan and is arranged on an external fixed disc 22 of the seed sowing device, the seed suction device consists of a seed sowing disc 6 and a lug 9, the seed sowing disc 6 is in a roller shape, an inverted trapezoidal track 7 is arranged along the outer circumference, a plurality of shaped holes 8 with the same diameter are uniformly distributed on the track, the lug 9 is uniformly distributed on the track 7 and is consistent with the shaped holes 8 in number and fixed by screws, the distance between the front end surface of the lug 9 and the center of the shaped hole 8 is set to be 4-6mm according; the front side of the seed metering disc 6 is provided with a cover plate 5, the cover plate 5 and the seed metering disc 6 are fixed through screws, the seed metering disc 6 and the cover plate 5 are positioned through a shaft 14 and are fixed on an outer fixed disc 22, the seed metering disc and the outer fixed disc 22 form a seed metering device negative pressure air chamber together, and the specific sizes of the seed metering disc 6, the molded hole 8 and the convex block 9 can be changed according to different crop seeds; the seed carrying device and the seed protecting device are composed of a seed discharging disk track 7, a convex block 9 and a seed protecting plate 10, wherein the inner side of the seed protecting plate 10 is provided with a rectangular seed protecting track 11 which forms a seed discharging channel together with the trapezoidal track 7 on the seed discharging disk 6, the lower side of the seed protecting plate 10 is provided with a seed feeding port 12, the seed feeding port 12 is communicated with the rectangular seed protecting track 11, and the seed protecting plate 10 is fixed on the outer circular disk 3 of the seed discharging device through a screw and does not rotate along with the shell of the seed discharging device; the air-break block 13 is positioned by a shaft 14, is arranged in the negative pressure air chamber of the seed discharging disc 6 and is attached to the inner wall of the air chamber; the lower side of the seed chamber 15 is provided with a rectangular through hole for the bump to pass through, the rear side is provided with a baffle plate, and the front side is fixed on the inner side of the outer disc 3 through a screw. In the seed taking stage, the seed metering device outer fixed disc 22 drives the seed metering disc 6 and the lug 9 to rotate, seed taking is realized under the synergistic action of the negative pressure suction force of the seed metering disc holes 8 and the mechanical lug 9, the seed fluidity is enhanced, the problems of unstable strength and insufficient adsorption force are avoided, the seed taking effect is effectively improved, and when the seed taking device runs to the highest point of the seed carrying area, the negative pressure air chamber and the seeding plate 6 are separated by the air-break block 13, the negative pressure suction of the shaped hole 8 disappears, the seeds slide to the front convex block along the seeding channel under the action of self gravity, and continuously rotates along with the seed discharging plate 6, realizes mechanical seed carrying and throwing, ensures more stable seed carrying and throwing process, improves the seed carrying effect, finally enters a seed throwing area, and the seeds fall down by gravity, and falls into a secondary seed throwing port 18 under the action of a seed throwing partition plate 17, then enters a duckbill mechanism, and falls into a seed hole dug by a seed protection baffle plate 20 when a duckbill 19 is opened.

The external device of the seed sowing device comprises a seed inlet pipe 1 and a transparent end cover 2, wherein a seed inlet and a visible window are arranged at the corresponding positions of an outer circular disc 3 of the seed sowing device and are positioned by screws.

Specific operating procedure

The seeds enter a seed chamber 15 in the seed metering device from a seed inlet pipe 1, a seed metering disc 6 and a lug 9 are driven by an outer fixed disc 22 of the seed metering device to rotate, when a type hole 8 and the lug 9 rotate to a seed taking area, seed taking is realized under the synergistic action of negative pressure suction of the type hole 8 and a mechanical lug 9, the seed taking effect can be effectively improved, and the fluidity of the seeds in the seed chamber is enhanced, as shown in figure 3, when the seed taking area moves to the highest point, a gas breaking block 13 separates a negative pressure gas chamber from the seed metering disc 6, the negative pressure suction of the type hole 8 disappears, the seeds slide to the previous lug along a channel under the action of self gravity and continue to rotate along the seed metering disc 6, mechanical seed carrying and seed throwing are realized, the influence of mechanical vibration on seed carrying in the working process can be reduced, the seed carrying and throwing process is more stable, the seed carrying effect is improved, and finally the seeds fall by means of gravity when the seeds reach a seed throwing port, and drop into secondary seed throwing mouth 18 under the effect of throwing kind of baffle 17, then get into duckbilled mechanism, when duckbilled 19 opens the seed metering mouth under the pressure effect, just fall into the kind cave that protects kind of baffle 20 to dig, duckbilled commentaries on classics from ground afterwards, with duckbilled 19 and the opening closure that protects kind of baffle 21 under duckbilled spring 20's reaction, up to this, accomplish a seed metering.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced with equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a strength machinery combined type seed metering ware, includes seed metering ware casing, seed suction device, takes kind of device, protects kind of device and axle, its characterized in that: the shell of the seed sowing device mainly comprises an outer fixed disc, a waistband, an end cover and an outer disc, wherein the waistband is clamped between the end cover and the outer fixed disc, duckbills are uniformly distributed on the outer side surface of the end cover, and a seed inlet pipe and a transparent end cover are arranged on the outer disc; the seed suction device comprises a seed metering disc and convex blocks, the seed metering disc is in a roller shape, an inverted trapezoidal track is arranged on the outer circumference of the seed metering disc, a plurality of holes with the same diameter are uniformly distributed on the track, and the convex blocks are uniformly distributed on the track and fixed through screws.

2. The seed meter of claim 1, wherein: the number of the convex blocks is consistent with that of the molded holes, and the cross section of the convex blocks for carrying seeds is fan-shaped.

3. The seed meter of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the front end face of the lug and the center of the molded hole is set to be 4-6mm according to different seeds.

4. The seed meter of claim 1, wherein: the seed metering disc is characterized in that a cover plate is arranged on the front side of the seed metering disc, the cover plate and the seed metering disc are fixed through screws, the seed metering disc and the cover plate are positioned through shafts and fixed on an outer fixed disc, the seed metering disc and the outer fixed disc jointly form a seed metering device negative pressure air chamber, and the specific sizes of the seed metering disc, the profile holes and the convex blocks can be changed and replaced according to different crop seeds.

5. The seed meter of claim 1, wherein: the seed carrying device and the seed protecting device are composed of a seed discharging disk track, a convex block and a seed protecting plate, the inner side of the seed protecting plate is provided with a rectangular seed protecting track which forms a seed discharging channel together with a trapezoidal track on the seed discharging disk, and the seed protecting plate is fixed on an outer disk of the seed discharging device through a screw and does not rotate along with a shell of the seed discharging device.

6. The seed meter of claim 5, wherein: the lower side of the seed protection plate is provided with a seed throwing port which is communicated with the rectangular seed protection track.

7. The seed meter of claim 5, wherein: the seed protection plate and the lug are both made of nylon materials.