CN115846397A - Mine soil remediation method - Google Patents
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- CN115846397A CN115846397A CN202211725521.4A CN202211725521A CN115846397A CN 115846397 A CN115846397 A CN 115846397A CN 202211725521 A CN202211725521 A CN 202211725521A CN 115846397 A CN115846397 A CN 115846397A
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Abstract
A mine soil restoration method adopts a mine soil restoration system, and comprises the following steps: s1, dividing a repair area into a multi-stage repair platform according to terrain; s2, building a subbase layer in the platform soil heap area to form a platform pollution-free soil layer; s3, building platform annular ditches, platform ditches and slope surface ditches; installing leacheate dispensing equipment and pipelines of the restoration platforms; s4, selecting the site and scale of constructed wetland construction, and selecting and cultivating constructed wetland restoration plants and microorganism types; s5, building a platform soil pile; s6, leaching the chemical agent or the microbial agent, and finally flowing the leached chemical agent or the microbial agent into the artificial wetland at the bottom end of the downstream of the platform; s7, carrying out plant and microorganism restoration in the artificial wetland; and S8, circularly reciprocating until all the repairs are finished. The invention aims at the characteristics of the landform and the landform of the mine, can reduce the total amount of heavy metal in the polluted soil, does not cause secondary pollution to the mine environment, and can also take the mine landscape function into consideration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a mine soil remediation method.
Background
China has abundant mineral resources and long mining history, and the volume of abandoned mines to be repaired is large due to huge shut-down of abandoned mines for various reasons. Various problems caused by mining, such as destruction of natural landscapes, environmental pollution, induction of landslides, and water and soil loss, are increasing. The common pollution type of mine soil is heavy metal pollution, heavy metal remediation is not thorough, and the influence on the later-stage reutilization of mines and the improvement of economic value is great. At present, the most applied mine polluted soil remediation technology is to reduce the leaching value of heavy metals in the polluted soil by adopting a solidification and stabilization method. The technology can not reduce the total amount of heavy metals in the polluted soil, has the problem that the heavy metal solidification and stabilization effect is difficult to guarantee for a long time, and can not address the symptoms and the root causes of the restoration of the heavy metals in the mine polluted soil.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a new method for restoring mine soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mine soil remediation method, which aims to solve the problems that the solidification and stabilization effects of heavy metals are difficult to guarantee for a long time in the existing mine soil remediation mode proposed in the background art, and the remediation of the heavy metals in the mine contaminated soil is temporary and permanent.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a mine soil restoration method, which adopts a mine soil restoration system, wherein the mine soil restoration system comprises a multi-stage polluted soil restoration platform positioned on the upper part of a mine slope surface, a bottom artificial wetland positioned at the bottom of the mine slope surface and a water recycling system; the contaminated soil remediation platform comprises a platform soil pile, leacheate dispensing equipment, a platform annular groove constructed around the platform soil pile, and a platform groove connected with the platform annular groove and the slope groove; the platform soil pile comprises a repair herbaceous plant, a platform pollution soil layer, an arc-shaped massive stone layer, an arc-shaped plastic film layer and a platform pollution-free soil layer from top to bottom; the bottom artificial wetland is internally provided with restoration plants and microorganism attachment balls; the water recycling system comprises a delivery pump and a delivery pipeline which are used for delivering water of the bottom artificial wetland to leacheate dispensing equipment;
the mine soil remediation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a repair area into a plurality of stages of repair platforms according to the landform of a repaired mine, wherein each stage of repair platform is connected with each other by a slope body; selecting a pollution-free area or an area with light pollution and shallow pollution depth in each platform as a platform soil heap area according to the actual pollution distribution condition of each platform;
s2, building a subbase layer in the set platform soil piling area to form a platform pollution-free soil layer;
s3, building a platform annular ditch, a platform ditch and a slope surface ditch, wherein the platform annular ditch is arranged around the platform soil heap area, the slope surface ditch is arranged along the slope surface, the platform ditch is arranged in the repairing platform, and two ends of the platform ditch are respectively communicated with the platform annular ditch and the slope surface ditch; installing the leacheate dispensing equipment and corresponding pipelines of each restoration platform;
s4, selecting an artificial wetland construction site at the downstream bottom end of the restoration area, designing the scale of the artificial wetland according to the type of the pollutant, the concentration of the pollutant and the treatment capacity of the wastewater, and selecting and cultivating the type of the restoration plants and microorganisms of the artificial wetland;
s5, paving an arc-shaped plastic film layer above a pollution-free soil layer of a platform soil heap area platform, constructing an arc-shaped massive stone layer by using stones above the arc-shaped plastic film layer, then dredging and transferring the restored platform and the nearby polluted soil to the platform soil heap area, piling layer by layer until the restored platform and the nearby polluted soil reach a designed height to form a platform polluted soil layer, and arranging the top of the platform soil heap into a groove shape;
s6, planting the repair herbaceous plants screened out according to the types of pollutants on two sides of the platform soil pile, then well configuring chemical agents or microbial agents screened out according to the types of pollutants in leacheate dispensing equipment, sprinkling the leacheate into a groove in the top end of the platform soil pile through a pipeline, enabling the leacheate to naturally seep downwards and diffuse in the platform soil pile under the action of gravity, leaching out the pollutants in the polluted soil, enabling leaching waste liquid to flow out from two sides of an upper arc-shaped massive stone layer to the platform annular groove, and finally flowing into the artificial wetland at the bottom end of the downstream of the platform through the platform annular groove, the platform groove and the slope groove of each stage of repair platform;
s7, removing pollutants from the leaching waste liquid entering the artificial wetland under the action of the restoration plants and the microorganisms, pumping the qualified wastewater after treatment into leaching liquid dispensing equipment for recycling in the configuration of the leaching liquid, and further treating the unqualified wastewater after detection in a manner of increasing the amount of microorganism attachment balls and/or increasing the dissolved oxygen in the wetland until the qualified wastewater is treated;
and S8, circularly repeating until the polluted soil of each stage of the repair platform is completely repaired.
In a specific embodiment, in S1, the gradient ratio of the slope body is less than or equal to 1.
In a specific embodiment, when the subbase is constructed, the subbase is set to be an upper arc structure, and the lower end of the arc structure has no height difference with the surface layer of the platform; tamping the surface layer of the underlayer to remove substances affecting the integrity of the plastic film; directly building a subbase layer by using surrounding non-polluted soil in the area without soil pollution; and (3) for the area with light pollution and shallow pollution depth, stripping the polluted soil, and then building the subbase layer by using the pollution-free soil.
In a specific embodiment, the constructed wetland is constructed by injecting wastewater to be treated in a mine.
In a specific implementation mode, the dredging depth and the range of the polluted soil are determined according to design files and combined with the detection result of the actual excavation surface on site, and the thorough dredging repair of the polluted soil is guaranteed.
In a specific embodiment, the repair herbaceous plants planted on the two sides of the pile body are periodically harvested, subjected to decrement treatment and finally subjected to landfill disposal.
In a specific embodiment, the microorganism attaching ball comprises a cavity thick main sheet with a hole, a cavity thin auxiliary sheet, a spherical closed cavity, a spherical hollow coarse mesh surface and a spherical threaded buckle; the microorganism attaching ball comprises two symmetrical hemispheres which are detachably connected through a ball body thread buckle; the screened microbial strains and nutrient substances required by the growth of the microorganisms are filled in the cavity thick main tablet with holes.
In a specific embodiment, the microbial species on the microbial adherence sphere include iron sulfide reducing bacteria and pseudomonas bacteria; the nutrient substances filled in the main slice with the cavity and the hole comprise yeast powder, sodium lactate and glucose.
In a specific embodiment, the repair herbs on both sides of the platform soil heap include ciliate desert-grass; the restoration plants of the artificial wetland comprise bulrush and duckweed; the chemical agent for leaching comprises FeCl 3 And citric acid.
In a specific embodiment, the restored platform soil pile is used as a cultivated land or a forest land after being pushed flat by mechanical equipment and subjected to surface layer greening or soil improvement according to subsequent utilization requirements, or the surface layer of the pile body is directly subjected to greening; and the constructed wetland after the restoration is used as a part of the mine landscape or is subjected to landfill treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the topography and the landform of the mine are utilized to construct a targeted mine partition grading repair system, and the total amount of heavy metals in the polluted soil is reduced through leaching repair, so that the problems that the heavy metals in the mine soil exceed the standard, the repair effect is long-term, and pollutants are easy to diffuse to the periphery in the in-situ leaching repair process to cause secondary pollution are solved. By combining leaching repair, phytoremediation and microbial remediation technologies, a low-power leaching unit and an artificial wetland treatment unit are constructed, the advantages of the remediation technologies are fully exerted, the remediation effect is improved, and the problems that the cost of the phytoremediation technology is low, the remediation period is long, the remediation effect of the microbial remediation technology is good, the growth of microbes is greatly influenced by environmental conditions, the total amount of heavy metals in pollutants can be thoroughly reduced by the leaching technology, the leaching effect is greatly influenced by the particle size of soil and the like are solved. Through the construction of the artificial wetland of the mine, the appearance of a single landscape of the mine is changed, the use of power is reduced, and the problem of insufficient water and electricity in the process of repairing the mine is solved. The polluted soil after the total heavy metal content is reduced and the repaired polluted soil is used as soil for cultivated land, forest land and the like, so that the overall landscape and economic value of the repaired mine are improved.
The invention aims at the characteristics of mine landform and landform, can reduce the total amount of heavy metals in the polluted soil, does not cause secondary pollution to the mine environment, and can also take the mine landscape function into consideration. A directional and controllable eluent diffusion path is constructed through the gravity action and the terrain height difference, so that the phenomenon that the eluent diffuses to the periphery with pollutants in the in-situ leaching and repairing process of the polluted soil is avoided, and the risk of soil pollution of part of the mine area is increased. Meanwhile, the wastewater treated by the artificial wetland is recycled, so that water resources are saved.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a platform soil heap in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a microorganism-adhering ball according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a microorganism-adhering ball according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the surface of a microorganism-attached sphere according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1, piling up the platform soil; 2. a platform annular trench; 3. a platform trench; 4. slope surface ditches; 5. a leacheate dispensing device; 6. artificial wetland; 7. repairing the plant; 8. microorganism-attached spheres; 11. repairing the herbaceous plants; 12. a platform contaminated soil layer; 13. a bulk stone layer; 14. a plastic film layer; 15. the platform has no pollution soil layer; 81. the cavity is provided with a thick main sheet with a hole; 82. a thin auxiliary sheet with a cavity; 83. a spherical closed cavity; 84. the sphere is hollowed out of the coarse mesh surface; 85. the ball body is screwed.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the repairing process, platforms with different sizes are arranged according to the terrain and the topography of the mine, the polluted soil is dug by an excavator and transported to a fixed area of the platform, and the polluted soil is piled into a soil pile to be repaired in a centralized mode. The bottom of the platform soil pile is firstly piled into an arc-shaped structural layer by pollution-free soil on the platform, and the surface is tamped. And then, paving a plastic film layer 14 on the pollution-free soil layer 15 of the platform according to the arc shape, and naturally stacking a large stone layer on the plastic film layer 14 according to the arc shape, wherein the stone is taken from the platform waste stone or the stone in other areas of the mine. And then the polluted soil dug and transported by an excavator is piled and filled on the arc pile surface with the foundation. And the top end of the polluted soil piled and filled to the designed height is designed by adopting a lower arc groove. Heavy metal super-accumulation herbaceous plants are planted on the surfaces of the two sides of the platform soil pile 1, and the heavy metal remained in the soil is partially treated through the herbaceous plants. Meanwhile, heavy metal chemical leaching agents or microorganism leaching agents are configured through leaching solution dispensing equipment 5 arranged on each platform. The soil is sent into the top lower arc groove of each platform soil heap 1 by the pipeline pump, naturally flows into the platform soil heap downwards under the action of gravity, and diffuses from top to bottom in the soil heap, reduces the possibility that leacheate flows out to both sides through the repair herbaceous plants planted on both sides, and the whole platform pollution soil layer 12 that flows through that the leacheate can be better is made. The leacheate reaching the bottom of the polluted soil layer of the platform enters the arc-shaped massive stone layer 13, naturally flows out to the two ends to the platform annular grooves 2 arranged around the platform soil heap 1 according to the arc-shaped structure, flows into the slope grooves 4 between the platforms along the platform annular grooves 2 and the platform grooves 3, naturally flows down to the second-order platform from the first-order platform, and flows down to the next-order platform along with the leached waste liquid in the second-order platform, and the steps are repeated until the leached waste liquid flows down to the artificial wetland 6 at the bottom of the downstream of the platform from the nth-order platform. Under the metabolic action of the repair plants 7 and the microorganisms attached to the microorganism attachment balls 8, the wastewater containing heavy metals after the leaching is treated. The treated waste water is discharged from the outlet at the lower end of the artificial wetland and is pumped into the leacheate dispensing equipment of each stage of platform by a pump for preparing and recycling the leacheate.
The microorganism attaching ball 8 comprises a cavity thick main sheet 81 with a hole, a cavity thin auxiliary sheet 82, a spherical closed cavity 83, a spherical hollow coarse mesh surface 84 and a spherical thread buckle 85. Can be separated into two symmetrical hemispheres by a ball screw 85. The screened microbial strains and nutrients required by the growth of the microorganisms are firstly filled in the cavity-hole-shaped thick main tablet 81 of the microorganism adhesion ball 8. The filled two hemispheres are then screwed together into a complete sphere by the sphere thread 85. The microorganism attached ball firstly floats or sinks in the water body of the wetland due to the collision extrusion between the self weight and the ball body in the wetland, promotes the rotation of the ball body through the scouring of upstream water, the action of wind or manual stirring, and releases microorganisms and nutrient substances filled in the cavity thick main sheet with holes into an external space formed by the cavity driving thick main sheet 81, the cavity thin auxiliary sheet 82 and the hollow coarse mesh surface 84 of the ball body. And part of the hollow cavity is attached to the cavity with the hole thick main sheet, the cavity thin auxiliary sheet, the spherical hollow net-shaped surface and the spherical closed cavity which are soaked with the microbial liquid before entering water. Provides a replenishing bacteria source and nutrient substances for the surface of the original attached microorganism, promotes the rapid formation of a biological film on the surface of the structure and removes the normal growth of harmful substance microorganisms.
And detecting the polluted soil of the restored platform soil pile, stopping herbaceous plant planting, harvesting and washing operations of the platform soil pile meeting the requirements of related restoration targets, and according to subsequent utilization requirements, either flattening the soil pile by using mechanical equipment and carrying out surface layer greening or carrying out soil improvement and then using the soil pile as cultivated land, forest land and the like, or directly carrying out greening on the surface layer of the pile body. And (4) continuously and repeatedly carrying out plant restoration and leaching restoration operation on the platform soil pile which does not meet the requirements of the related restoration target until the related indexes of the polluted soil in the soil pile are detected to be qualified.
The size specifications of each stage of platform and the platform soil pile are not fixedly limited and are determined according to the actual situation of a mine site, but the height of the soil pile cannot exceed a certain safety range, the upper limit of the specific stacking height needs to be determined by combining the soil layer property, the platform division range, the surrounding environment sensitive point distribution and the like, and the hazards of pile body landslide and the like caused by too high stacking are prevented.
The repair herbaceous plants on the two sides of the soil heap and the repair plants in the artificial wetland need to be appropriately planted in combination according to the pollutant types and the pollutant concentrations for corresponding breeding and planting and the like. The leacheate can be used for screening a proper chemical leaching agent or a proper microorganism leaching agent by combining the pollutant types and the pollutant concentrations in the restored soil according to factors such as weather conditions, the restoration period and the economical efficiency of the restored soil. And (4) screening and cultivating microorganisms and nutrient substances in the microorganism attachment balls in the artificial wetland according to factors such as pollutant types, pollutant concentrations and the like in the leaching wastewater.
Besides treating the waste liquid after the mine polluted soil restoration and leaching, the constructed wetland constructed at the bottom end of the downstream of the platform can also treat other waste water in the mine area, and corresponding microbial agents and required nutrient substances are screened and cultured according to factors such as pollutant types, pollutant concentrations and the like in the corresponding waste water to treat the corresponding waste water.
Example 1
The polluted soil of a certain abandoned mine is selected as an object, and the restoration is carried out according to the method of the invention:
the main pollutants in the mine contaminated soil are heavy metals of As, pb and Cd. This plot planning is general afforestation land, compares the second type construction land soil pollution screening value in "soil environmental quality construction land soil pollution risk management and control standard (trial) GB 36600-2018: as60mg/kg, pb800mg/kg and Cd65mg/kg, the content of each pollutant exceeds the standard, and the exceeding times are respectively 2.32 times, 1.43 times and 2.9 times.
1) Firstly, screening ciliate desert-grass as a repair herbaceous plant on two sides of a platform soil pile of the polluted soil according to a test, after the platform soil pile is constructed, densely planting ciliate desert-grass on two sides of the platform soil pile, and maintaining for about 10 days until the ciliate desert-grass survives. 2) Screening out FeCl according to the test 3 And the citric acid composite reagent is a leaching agent for heavy metals in the polluted soil. In the eluent dispensing equipment, the two agents are added into FeCl 3 A mixed solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L and the concentration of citric acid of 1 mol/L. 3) And pumping the prepared leacheate into grooves at the top ends of the platform soil piles, wherein ciliate desert grass is planted on the two sides of the grooves and survives. The liquid-solid ratio of the leacheate to the polluted soil is 8-1, and the adjustment is carried out according to the leaching effect. And (3) enabling the leacheate to slowly flow into the grooves on the surface of the platform soil pile, wherein the leaching time is 12-18 hours for one round, and the number of the rounds needing leaching is determined according to the repairing effect. 4) The waste leacheate after leaching flows downwards along the annular ditches and the slope ditches of the platforms at all levels and finally is converged into the artificial wetland at the lowermost end. 5) Before the artificial wetland is used for storing and leaching wastewater, according to a test, reed and duckweed are screened out to be used as repair plants of the artificial wetland, iron sulfide reducing bacteria and pseudomonas are used as main components of a biological membrane on a microorganism attachment ball, and yeast powder, sodium lactate and glucose are filled in a cavity thick main sheet with a hole. Planting 6-10 reeds per square meter in the bottom mud of the artificial wetland. The duckweed is planted on the water surface. According to the detection result of nutrient substances in water, a certain amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is properly scattered in the water. Meanwhile, microorganism attaching balls which are infiltrated with microorganism liquid and filled with yeast powder and baking soda are put into the artificial wetland, and the plants and the microorganisms are simultaneously maintained for 5 to 10 days. 6) And the artificial wetland after the maintenance is finished receives the wastewater after the polluted soil is leached, and processes the heavy metal in the wastewater, wherein the repair period of the artificial wetland to the wastewater is 7-10 days, the environmental temperature is 15-25 ℃, and the pH of the water body in the artificial wetland is 6-7.
Comparing a second type construction land soil pollution screening value in 'soil environment quality construction land soil pollution risk management and control standard (trial)' GB36600-2018, wherein the heavy metal content in the repaired polluted soil completely meets the requirement of the second type construction land soil pollution screening value, and the results are as follows:
| name of heavy metal | Pre-repair value (mg/kg) | Post repair value (mg/kg) | Repair target value (mg/kg) |
| As | 139 | 58.3 | 60 |
| Pb | 1140 | 782.4 | 800 |
| Cd | 189 | 62 | 65 |
Compared with three water standards in the 'surface water environment quality standard' GB3838-2002, the waste water after being washed by the water is treated by the artificial wetland, and the waste water meets the corresponding heavy metal standard value requirements. The results are given in the following table:
| name of heavy metal | Pre-repair value (mg/L) | Post repair value (mg/L) | Repair target value (mg/L) |
| As | 0.16 | 0.034 | 0.05 |
| Pb | 0.23 | 0.045 | 0.05 |
| Cd | 0.015 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
Example 2
The polluted soil of a certain second abandoned mine is selected as an object, and the restoration is carried out according to the method of the invention:
the main pollutants in the mine contaminated soil are heavy metals of As, pb and Cd. This plot planning is general afforestation land, compares the second type construction land soil pollution screening value in "soil environmental quality construction land soil pollution risk management and control standard (trial) GB 36600-2018: as60mg/kg, pb800mg/kg and Cd65mg/kg, the content of each pollutant exceeds the standard, and the average number of exceeding multiples is about 2.32, 1.43 and 2.9 times respectively.
1) Firstly, according to the experiment, the ciliate desert-grass is screened out as the pollutionRepairing herbaceous plants on two sides of the platform soil pile of the soil, after the platform soil pile is constructed, planting ciliate desert-grass on two sides of the platform soil pile in a dense mode, and maintaining for about 10 days until the ciliate desert-grass survives. 2) Screening out FeCl according to the test 3 And the citric acid composite reagent is a leaching agent for heavy metals in the polluted soil. In the eluent dispensing equipment, the two medicaments are added and prepared with FeCl 3 A mixed solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L and the concentration of citric acid of 1 mol/L. 3) And pumping the prepared leacheate into grooves at the top ends of the platform soil piles, wherein ciliate desert grass is planted on the two sides of the grooves and survives. The liquid-solid ratio of the leacheate to the polluted soil is 8-1, and the adjustment is carried out according to the leaching effect. And (3) enabling the leacheate to slowly flow into the grooves on the surface of the platform soil pile, wherein the leaching time is 12-18 hours for one round, and the number of the rounds needing leaching is determined according to the repairing effect. 4) The waste leacheate after leaching flows downwards along the annular grooves and the slope grooves of the platforms at all levels and finally is collected into the artificial wetland at the lowest end. 5) Before the artificial wetland is used for storing and leaching wastewater, according to a test, reed and duckweed are screened out to be used as repair plants of the artificial wetland, iron sulfide reducing bacteria and pseudomonas are used as main components of a biological membrane on a microorganism attachment ball, and yeast powder, sodium lactate and glucose are filled in a cavity thick main sheet with a hole. Planting 6-10 reeds per square meter in the bottom mud of the artificial wetland. The duckweed is planted on the water surface. According to the detection result of nutrient substances in water, a certain amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is properly scattered in the water. Meanwhile, microorganism attaching balls which are soaked in the microorganism liquid and filled with yeast powder, sodium lactate and glucose are put into the artificial wetland, and the plants and the microorganisms are simultaneously maintained for 5 to 10 days. 6) And the maintained artificial wetland receives the wastewater after the polluted soil is leached, and treats the heavy metals in the wastewater, wherein the repair period of the artificial wetland to the wastewater is 7-10 days, the environmental temperature is 15-25 ℃, and the pH of the water body in the artificial wetland is 6-8.
Comparing related heavy metal restoration values in 'soil environmental quality agricultural land soil pollution risk management and control standard (trial)' GB15618-2018, the heavy metal content in the restored contaminated soil all meets the requirements of related restoration target values, and the results are as follows:
| name of heavy metal | Pre-repair value (mg/kg) | Post repair value (mg/kg) | Repair target value (mg/kg) |
| Cd | 0.795 | 0.27 | 0.3 |
| Cu | 163.5 | 47.3 | 50 |
Compared with three water standards in the 'surface water environment quality standard' GB3838-2002, the waste water after being washed by the water is treated by the artificial wetland, and the waste water meets the corresponding heavy metal standard value requirements. The results are given in the following table:
| name of heavy metal | Pre-repair value (mg/L) | Post repair value (mg/L) | Repair target value (mg/L) |
| Cd | 0.013 | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Cu | 2.32 | 0.82 | 1.0 |
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the present invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments thereof, and it is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments thereof. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A mine soil remediation method is characterized in that a mine soil remediation system is adopted, and the mine soil remediation system comprises a multi-step polluted soil remediation platform located on the upper part of a mine slope surface, a bottom artificial wetland located at the bottom of the mine slope surface and a water reuse system; the polluted soil remediation platform comprises a platform soil pile (1), leacheate dispensing equipment (5), a platform annular groove (2) constructed around the platform soil pile (1), and a platform groove (3) connected with the platform annular groove (2) and a slope groove (4); the platform soil heap (1) comprises a repair herbaceous plant (11), a platform polluted soil layer (12), a large stone layer (13), a plastic film layer (14) and a platform pollution-free soil layer (15) from top to bottom; a restoration plant (7) and a microorganism attachment ball (8) are arranged in the bottom artificial wetland (6); the water recycling system comprises a delivery pump and a delivery pipeline which are used for delivering the water of the bottom artificial wetland to the eluent dispensing equipment (5);
the mine soil remediation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a repair area into a plurality of stages of repair platforms according to the landform of a repaired mine, wherein each stage of repair platform is connected with each other by a slope body; selecting a pollution-free area or an area with light pollution and shallow pollution depth in each platform as a platform soil heap area according to the actual pollution distribution condition of each platform;
s2, building a subbase layer in the set platform soil heap area to form a platform pollution-free soil layer (15);
s3, building a platform annular ditch, a platform ditch and a slope surface ditch, wherein the platform annular ditch is arranged around the platform soil heap area, the slope surface ditch is arranged along the slope surface, the platform ditch is arranged in the repairing platform, and two ends of the platform ditch are respectively communicated with the platform annular ditch and the slope surface ditch; installing the leacheate dispensing equipment and corresponding pipelines of each restoration platform;
s4, selecting an artificial wetland construction site at the downstream bottom end of the restoration area, designing the scale of the artificial wetland according to the type of the pollutant, the concentration of the pollutant and the treatment capacity of the wastewater, and selecting and cultivating the type of the restoration plants and microorganisms of the artificial wetland;
s5, paving an arc-shaped plastic film layer (14) above a platform pollution-free soil layer (15) in the platform soil heap area, building a massive stone layer (13) above the plastic film layer (14), then excavating and transferring the repairing platform and the nearby polluted soil to the platform soil heap area, piling layer by layer until the repairing platform and the nearby polluted soil reach a designed height to form a platform pollution soil layer (12), and setting the top of the platform soil heap into a groove shape;
s6, planting the repair herbaceous plants screened out according to the types of pollutants on two sides of the platform soil pile, then well configuring chemical agents or microbial agents screened out according to the types of pollutants in leacheate dispensing equipment, sprinkling the leacheate into a groove in the top end of the platform soil pile through a pipeline, enabling the leacheate to naturally seep downwards and diffuse in the platform soil pile under the action of gravity, leaching out the pollutants in the polluted soil, enabling leaching waste liquid to flow out from two sides of an upper arc-shaped massive stone layer to the platform annular groove, and finally flowing into the artificial wetland at the bottom end of the downstream of the platform through the platform annular groove, the platform groove and the slope groove of each stage of repair platform;
s7, removing pollutants from the leaching waste liquid entering the artificial wetland under the action of the restoration plants and the microorganisms, pumping the qualified wastewater after treatment into leaching liquid dispensing equipment for recycling in leaching liquid preparation, and further treating the unqualified wastewater after detection in a manner of increasing the amount of microorganism attachment balls and/or increasing wetland dissolved oxygen until the qualified wastewater is treated;
and S8, circularly reciprocating until the polluted soil of each stage of the restoration platform is completely restored.
2. The mine soil remediation method of claim 1, wherein in S1, the slope aspect ratio of the slope body is 1.
3. The mine soil remediation method of claim 1, wherein the sub-base is constructed in an upper arc-shaped configuration, and the lower end of the arc-shaped configuration has no height difference from the surface of the platform; tamping the surface layer of the underlayer to remove substances affecting the integrity of the plastic film; directly building a subbase layer by using surrounding non-polluted soil in the area without soil pollution; and (3) for the area with light pollution and shallow pollution depth, stripping the polluted soil, and then building the subbase layer by using the pollution-free soil.
4. The method for restoring mine soil according to claim 1, wherein the constructed wetland is constructed by injecting wastewater to be treated in the mine.
5. The mine soil remediation method of claim 1, wherein the depth and range of the clean excavation of the contaminated soil are determined according to design files and in combination with the actual excavation face detection results on site, ensuring thorough clean excavation and remediation of the contaminated soil.
6. The mine soil remediation method of claim 1, wherein the remediation herbs planted on both sides of the pile are periodically harvested, reduced in weight, and finally landfilled.
7. The mine soil remediation method of claim 1, wherein the microorganism attachment ball (8) comprises a cavity hole-thick main sheet (81), a cavity thin auxiliary sheet (82), a spherical closed cavity (83), a spherical hollowed-out coarse mesh surface (84), and a spherical thread buckle (85); the microorganism attaching ball (8) comprises two symmetrical hemispheres which are detachably connected through a ball body thread buckle (85); the screened microbial strains and nutrients required by the growth of the microorganisms are filled in the cavity thick main sheet (81).
8. The mine soil remediation method of claim 7, wherein the microbial species on the microbial sphere (8) comprise iron sulfide reducing bacteria and pseudomonas bacteria; the nutrient substances filled in the main slice with the cavity and the hole comprise yeast powder, sodium lactate and glucose.
9. The mine soil remediation method of claim 1, wherein the remediation herbs on both sides of the platform soil heap comprise ciliate desert-grass; the restoration plants of the artificial wetland comprise reed and duckweed; the chemical agent for leaching comprises FeCl 3 And citric acid.
10. The mine soil remediation method of claim 1, wherein the remediated flat mound is used as a cultivated land or a forest land, or the surface layer of the mound is directly subjected to greening, according to the subsequent utilization requirements, or the mechanical equipment is used for pushing the mound to be flat and performing surface layer greening, or the soil is improved; and the constructed wetland after the restoration is used as a part of the mine landscape or is subjected to landfill treatment.
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