CN115846397B - Mine soil restoration method - Google Patents
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- CN115846397B CN115846397B CN202211725521.4A CN202211725521A CN115846397B CN 115846397 B CN115846397 B CN 115846397B CN 202211725521 A CN202211725521 A CN 202211725521A CN 115846397 B CN115846397 B CN 115846397B
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Abstract
A mine soil restoration method adopts a mine soil restoration system, which comprises the following steps: s1, dividing a repair area into a multi-stage repair platform according to topography; s2, building a subbase layer in a soil pile area of the platform to form a pollution-free soil layer of the platform; s3, building a platform annular groove, a platform groove and a slope groove; the leacheate dispensing equipment and the pipelines of each repair platform are installed; s4, selecting an artificial wetland construction site and scale, and selecting and culturing artificial wetland repair plants and microorganism types; s5, building a platform soil pile; s6, leaching the chemical agent or the microbial agent, and finally flowing into the constructed wetland at the downstream bottom end of the platform; s7, repairing plants and microorganisms in the constructed wetland; s8, repeating the cycle until all the repairs are completed. Aiming at the characteristics of the topography of the mine, the application can reduce the total amount of heavy metals in polluted soil, does not cause secondary pollution to the mine environment, and can give consideration to the landscape function of the mine.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a mine soil remediation method.
Background
The mineral resources in China are rich, the exploitation history is long, the volume of abandoned mines is huge due to various reasons, and the market capacity of abandoned mines to be repaired is large. Various problems caused by mining, such as damage to natural landscapes, environmental pollution, landslide induction, water and soil loss, etc., are becoming serious. Common pollution types of mine soil are heavy metal pollution, heavy metal repair is incomplete, and the method has great influence on recycling and economic value improvement in the later stage of the mine. At present, the technology for repairing the mine polluted soil with more applications adopts a solidification and stabilization method to reduce the leaching value of heavy metals in the polluted soil. The technology can not reduce the total amount of heavy metals in the polluted soil, and has the problem that the solidification and stabilization effects of the heavy metals are difficult to guarantee for a long time, and can not treat the symptoms and root cause of the restoration of the heavy metals in the polluted soil of the mine.
Therefore, a new mine soil remediation method needs to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a mine soil restoration method, which aims to solve the problem that the solidification and stabilization effects of heavy metals are difficult to guarantee for a long time in the existing mine soil restoration mode proposed in the background art, and solves the problems that the restoration of the heavy metals in mine polluted soil can not take the place of the temporary solution.
In order to achieve the aim, the application provides a mine soil remediation method, which adopts a mine soil remediation system, wherein the mine soil remediation system comprises a multi-stage contaminated soil remediation platform positioned at the upper part of a mine slope, a bottom constructed wetland positioned at the bottom of the mine slope and a water recycling system; the polluted soil restoration platform comprises a platform soil pile, leaching liquid dispensing equipment, a platform annular ditch constructed around the platform soil pile, and a platform ditch connected with the platform annular ditch and the slope ditch; the platform soil pile comprises a repairing herbaceous plant, a platform polluted soil layer, an arc-shaped massive stone layer, an arc-shaped plastic film layer and a platform pollution-free soil layer from top to bottom; the artificial wetland at the bottom is internally provided with repairing plants and microorganism attaching balls; the water recycling system comprises a conveying pump and a conveying pipeline, wherein the conveying pump and the conveying pipeline are used for conveying water of the bottom constructed wetland to the leacheate dispensing equipment;
the mine soil remediation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a restoration area into multiple stages of restoration platforms according to the topography of a restoration mine, wherein each stage of restoration platform is connected with a slope body; according to the actual pollution distribution condition of each platform, selecting a pollution-free area or a light pollution area or a shallow pollution depth area in the platform as a soil pile area of the platform;
s2, building a subbase layer in a set platform soil pile area to form a pollution-free soil layer of the platform;
s3, building a platform annular ditch, a platform ditch and a slope ditch, wherein the platform annular ditch is arranged around a platform soil pile area, the slope ditch is arranged along the slope, the platform ditch is arranged in the repairing platform, and two ends of the platform ditch are respectively communicated with the platform annular ditch and the slope ditch; the leacheate dispensing equipment and the corresponding pipelines of each repairing platform are installed;
s4, selecting an artificial wetland construction site at the downstream bottom end of the repair area, designing the scale of the artificial wetland according to the types of pollutants, the concentration of the pollutants and the treatment capacity of wastewater, and selecting and culturing the artificial wetland repair plants and microorganism types;
s5, paving an arc-shaped plastic film layer above a pollution-free soil layer of the platform in the platform soil pile area, constructing an arc-shaped massive stone layer above the arc-shaped plastic film layer by using stones, cleaning and transferring the repairing platform and nearby polluted soil to the platform soil pile area, stacking layer by layer until the designed height is reached, forming a platform polluted soil layer, and arranging the top of the platform soil pile into a groove shape;
s6, planting the recovered herbaceous plants screened according to the pollutant types on two sides of the platform soil pile, then preparing chemical agents or microbial agents screened according to the pollutant types in the drip washing liquid dispensing equipment, spraying the chemical agents or microbial agents in grooves at the top end of the platform soil pile through pipelines, naturally penetrating down by the drip washing liquid under the action of gravity, diffusing in the platform soil pile, eluting pollutants in the polluted soil, eluting the drip washing waste liquid along two sides of the upper arc-shaped large stone layer into the platform annular grooves, and finally flowing into the artificial wetland at the bottom end of the downstream of the platform through the platform annular grooves, the platform grooves and the slope grooves of each stage of recovered platforms;
s7, performing pollutant removal treatment on leaching waste liquid entering the constructed wetland under the action of repairing plants and microorganisms, pumping the waste water which is detected to be qualified after treatment into a leaching solution dispensing device for recycling the leaching solution configuration, and further performing treatment on the waste water which is detected to be unqualified by increasing the amount of microorganism attached balls and/or increasing the amount of wet dissolved oxygen until the waste water is treated to be qualified;
s8, circularly reciprocating until the polluted soil of each stage of the repairing platform is completely repaired.
In a specific embodiment, in S1, the gradient ratio of the slope body is less than or equal to 1:1.
In a specific embodiment, when the subbase layer is built, the subbase layer is arranged into an upper arc-shaped structure, and the arc-shaped lower end and the surface layer of the platform have no height difference; tamping the surface layer of the subbase layer to remove substances affecting the integrity of the plastic film; constructing a subbase layer by directly using surrounding non-polluted soil for a non-polluted soil area; and (3) for the areas with lighter pollution and shallower pollution depth, stripping the polluted soil, and constructing the subbase layer by using the pollution-free soil.
In a specific embodiment, when the constructed wetland is constructed, the waste water to be treated in the mine is injected.
In a specific embodiment, the cleaning depth and the cleaning range of the polluted soil are determined according to the design file and by combining with the actual detection result of the excavation surface on site, so that the thorough cleaning and repairing of the polluted soil are ensured.
In a specific embodiment, the repair herbs planted on both sides of the pile are harvested and reduced periodically, and finally landfilled.
In a specific embodiment, the microorganism attaching ball comprises a cavity main plate with a hole, a cavity thin auxiliary plate, a spherical closed cavity, a spherical hollowed-out rough net surface and a spherical thread buckle; the microorganism attaching ball comprises two symmetrical hemispheres, and the two symmetrical hemispheres are detachably connected through a ball screw thread buckle; the microbe strains obtained by screening and nutrient substances required by the growth of the microbes are filled in the cavity main piece with the hole thickness.
In a specific embodiment, the microorganism species on the microorganism attachment sphere include iron sulfide reducing bacteria and pseudomonas; the nutrient substances filled in the cavity with hole thick main tablet comprise yeast powder, sodium lactate and glucose.
In a specific embodiment, the prosthetic grass plants on both sides of the terrace soil heap include ciliate desert grass; the repair plants of the constructed wetland comprise reed and duckweed; the chemical agent for leaching comprises FeCl 3 And citric acid.
In a specific embodiment, the restored platform soil pile is used as cultivated land or woodland after being flattened and surface layer is re-greened by mechanical equipment or soil improvement according to the subsequent utilization requirement, or the surface layer of the pile is directly re-greened; the repaired constructed wetland is used as a part of mine landscapes or is subjected to landfill treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
the application utilizes the topography of the mine to construct a targeted mine zoning grading restoration system, and simultaneously reduces the total amount of heavy metals in polluted soil through leaching restoration, thereby solving the problems of excessive heavy metals in the mine soil, long restoration effect and easy diffusion of pollutants to the surrounding and secondary pollution in the in-situ leaching restoration process. By combining leaching restoration, phytoremediation and microorganism restoration technologies, a low-power leaching unit and an artificial wetland treatment unit are constructed, the advantages of the restoration technologies are fully exerted, the restoration effect is improved, and the problems that the cost of the phytoremediation technology is low, the restoration period is long, the restoration effect of the microorganism restoration technology is good, the growth of microorganisms is greatly influenced by environmental conditions, the total amount of heavy metals in pollutants can be thoroughly reduced by the leaching technology, the leaching effect is greatly influenced by the particle size of soil and the like are solved. Through the construction of the mine constructed wetland, the appearance of a single mine landscape is changed, meanwhile, the use of power is reduced, and the problem of insufficient water and electricity in the mine restoration process is solved. The polluted soil after the restoration of the total heavy metal reducing amount is used as soil for cultivated lands, forest lands and the like, so that the overall landscape and economic value of the restored mine are improved.
Aiming at the characteristics of the topography of the mine, the application can reduce the total amount of heavy metals in polluted soil, does not cause secondary pollution to the mine environment, and can give consideration to the landscape function of the mine. Through the gravity effect and the topography height difference, a directional and controllable leaching solution diffusion path is constructed, the pollution of the leaching solution to the periphery with the pollutant in the polluted soil in-situ leaching and restoring process is avoided, and the risk of soil pollution of partial areas of mines is increased. Meanwhile, the wastewater treated by the constructed wetland is recycled, so that water resources are saved.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present application has other objects, features and advantages. The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a soil pile of a platform according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a microorganism-adhering pellet according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a microorganism-adhering pellet according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic surface view of a microorganism-adhering pellet according to an embodiment of the present application;
1, a platform soil pile; 2. a platform annular groove; 3. a platform ditch; 4. slope surface ditch; 5. a leacheate dispensing device; 6. an artificial wetland; 7. repairing the plant; 8. microorganism attaching balls; 11. repairing the herbaceous plants; 12. the soil layer is polluted by the platform; 13. a massive stone layer; 14. a plastic film layer; 15. the platform has no pollution to soil layers; 81. a cavity main piece with a hole thickness; 82. a thin auxiliary piece of the cavity; 83. spherical closed cavity; 84. the sphere is hollowed out to form a rough net-shaped surface; 85. ball screw thread.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the application, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is provided to illustrate and not to limit the application.
In the restoration process, platforms with different sizes are arranged according to the topography of the mine, polluted soil is excavated and transported to a fixed area of the platform by an excavator, and the polluted soil is piled into a soil pile for centralized restoration. The bottom of the soil pile of the platform is firstly piled into an upper arc-shaped structural layer by the pollution-free soil on the platform, and the surface is tamped. Then, a plastic film layer 14 is paved on the platform pollution-free soil layer 15 according to an arc shape, and a massive stone layer is naturally piled on the plastic film layer 14 according to an arc shape, wherein the stone block is taken from the platform waste stone or the mine waste stone in other areas. And then, the arc pile surface on which the foundation is made is piled with the polluted soil which is dredged and transported by the excavator. The top end of the polluted soil piled up to the designed height adopts a lower arc groove design. Planting heavy metal super-accumulation herbaceous plants on the surfaces of two sides of the platform soil pile 1, and partially treating the heavy metals remained in the soil through the herbaceous plants. Meanwhile, the heavy metal chemical leaching agent or the microorganism leaching agent is configured through leaching liquid dispensing equipment 5 arranged on each platform. The soil is pumped into the lower arc groove at the top end of each platform soil pile 1 by a pipeline, naturally flows downwards into the platform soil pile under the action of gravity, and is diffused in the soil pile from top to bottom, so that the possibility that the leacheate flows out to two sides is reduced by the prosthetic grass planted on two sides, and the leacheate can better flow through the polluted soil layer 12 of the whole platform. The leaching solution reaching the bottom of the polluted soil layer of the platform enters an arc-shaped large stone layer 13, naturally flows into the annular grooves 2 of the platform arranged around the soil pile 1 of the platform along the annular grooves 2 and the grooves 3 of the platform according to an upper arc-shaped structure, flows into the slope grooves 4 between the platforms, naturally leaks from the first stage to the second stage, leaks to the next stage along with the leaching in the second stage, and repeatedly until the waste solution leaks from the nth stage into the constructed wetland 6 at the bottom of the downstream of the platform. Under the metabolic action of the repairing plant 7 and the microorganism attached to the microorganism attaching ball 8, the waste water containing heavy metals after leaching is treated. The treated wastewater is discharged from the outlet at the lower end of the constructed wetland, and is pumped into the leacheate dispensing equipment of each stage of platform for leacheate configuration and recycling.
The microorganism attaching ball 8 comprises a cavity main plate 81 with a hole, a cavity thin auxiliary plate 82, a spherical closed cavity 83, a spherical hollowed-out rough net surface 84 and a spherical thread button 85. Can be separated into two symmetrical hemispheres by a ball screw 85. The microorganism strain obtained by screening and nutrient substances required for microorganism growth are filled in the cavity with hole thick main sheet 81 of the microorganism attachment ball 8. The two filled hemispheres are then screwed into a complete sphere by means of a sphere screw thread 85. The microorganism attaching ball is extruded in the wetland due to collision between the self weight and the ball body, and can firstly semi-float or sink into the water body of the wetland, and the rotation of the ball body is promoted by the scouring of upstream water, the action of wind or manual stirring, so that the microorganisms and nutrient substances filled in the cavity thick main sheet with holes are released in an external space formed by the cavity thick main sheet 81, the cavity thin auxiliary sheet 82 and the hollow rough net surface 84. And part of the hollow cavity main piece is attached to the hollow cavity main piece with holes which is soaked in the microbial liquid before entering water the hollow cavity thin auxiliary piece, the hollow net-shaped surface of the sphere and the surface of the spherical closed cavity. Providing supplementary bacteria source and nutrient for the surface of original attached microorganism, promoting the rapid formation of biological film on the surface of the structure and the normal growth of microorganism for removing harmful substances.
The polluted soil of the restored platform soil pile is detected, the platform soil pile meeting the requirements of related restoration targets stops herbaceous plant planting, harvesting and soil pile leaching, and according to the subsequent utilization requirements, or the soil pile is pushed flat by mechanical equipment and is subjected to surface layer greening or soil improvement and then is used as cultivated land, woodland and the like, or the surface layer of the pile is directly subjected to greening. And (3) continuously repeating plant restoration and leaching restoration operations on the platform soil pile which does not meet the requirements of the related restoration targets until the related indexes of the polluted soil in the soil pile are detected to be qualified.
The size and specification of each stage of platform and the soil pile of the platform are not limited fixedly, and are determined according to the actual condition of a mine site, but the height of the soil pile cannot exceed a certain safety range, the upper limit of the concrete pile height is determined by combining soil layer properties, a platform dividing range, surrounding environment sensitive point distribution and the like, and the damage of pile body landslide and the like caused by too high pile height is prevented.
The repair plants on both sides of the soil heap and the repair plants in the constructed wetland are subjected to corresponding selective breeding and planting according to the types of pollutants, the concentration of the pollutants, the combination of local suitable plants, and the like. The leaching solution can be used for screening proper chemical leaching agents or microbial leaching agents according to factors such as meteorological conditions, restoration period, economy and the like of restoration places and combining the types of pollutants and the concentration of the pollutants in restoration soil. And (3) screening and culturing microorganisms and nutrient substances in the microorganism adhesion balls in the constructed wetland according to factors such as pollutant types, pollutant concentrations and the like in the leaching wastewater.
Besides the waste liquid after the restoration and leaching of the mine polluted soil, the constructed wetland built at the downstream bottom end of the platform can also treat other waste water in a mine area, and the corresponding microbial agents and the needed nutrient substances are screened and cultivated according to factors such as pollutant types, pollutant concentrations and the like in the corresponding waste water, so that the corresponding waste water is treated.
Example 1
The polluted soil of a certain number of abandoned mines is selected as an object, and the method is used for repairing:
the main pollutants in the mine polluted soil are heavy metals As, pb and Cd. The land is planned to be a general greening land, and the soil pollution screening value of the second type of construction land in GB36600-2018 is compared with the soil pollution risk management and control standard (trial) of the soil environment quality construction land: as60mg/kg, pb800mg/kg and Cd65mg/kg, the content of each pollutant exceeds the standard, and the exceeding standard multiples are about 2.32, 1.43 and 2.9 times respectively.
1) According to the test, the ciliate desert-grass is screened out to serve as the repairing herbaceous plants on the two sides of the platform soil heap of the polluted soil, after the platform soil heap is built, ciliate desert-grass is densely planted on the two sides of the platform soil heap, and the ciliate desert-grass is maintained for about 10 days until the ciliate desert-grass survives. 2) Screening FeCl according to the test 3 And the citric acid composite reagent is a leaching reagent for heavy metals in the polluted soil. In the leaching liquid dispensing equipment, the two medicaments are added into the preparation FeCl 3 A mixed solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L and the concentration of 1mol/L of citric acid. 3) And pumping the prepared eluent into grooves at the top ends of the platform soil piles which are planted with ciliate desert-grass and survived at the two sides. The liquid-solid ratio of the leaching solution to the polluted soil is 8:1-10:1, and the leaching effect is adjusted.The leaching solution slowly flows into the grooves on the surface of the soil pile of the platform, the leaching time is 12-18 hours, and the number of the wheels to be leached is determined according to the repairing effect. 4) The leached waste leaching solution flows downwards along the annular grooves and the slope grooves of each stage of platform and finally is converged into the artificial wetland at the lowest end. 5) Before the constructed wetland is used for containing leaching wastewater, reeds and duckweed are screened out as repair plants of the constructed wetland according to a test, ferric sulfide reducing bacteria and pseudomonas are main components of biological films on microorganism adhesion balls, and yeast powder, sodium lactate and glucose are filled in a cavity main piece with a hole. Reed is planted in the bottom mud of the artificial wetland for 6-10 plants/square meter. The duckweed is planted on the water surface. And (3) properly scattering a certain amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer into the water according to the detection result of nutrient substances in the water. Meanwhile, the microorganism bacterium liquid which is soaked and filled with the yeast powder and the baking soda is put into the artificial wetland, and the plants and the microorganisms are simultaneously maintained for 5-10 days. 6) The constructed wetland after maintenance receives the wastewater after leaching of the polluted soil, the heavy metal in the wastewater is treated, the repair period of the constructed wetland for the wastewater is 7-10 days, the environmental temperature is 15-25 ℃, and the pH value of the water body in the constructed wetland is 6-7.
Comparing the second type of construction land soil pollution screening value in the soil environment quality construction land soil pollution risk management and control standard (trial) GB36600-2018, wherein the heavy metal content in the repaired polluted soil completely meets the requirement of the second type of construction land soil pollution screening value, and the result is shown in the following table:
| heavy metal name | Pre-repair value (mg/kg) | Post repair value (mg/kg) | Target repair value (mg/kg) |
| As | 139 | 58.3 | 60 |
| Pb | 1140 | 782.4 | 800 |
| Cd | 189 | 62 | 65 |
And comparing three water standards in the surface water environment quality standard GB3838-2002, wherein the leached wastewater is treated by the artificial wetland and meets the corresponding heavy metal standard value requirement. The results are shown in the following table:
| heavy metal name | Pre-repair value (mg/L) | Post repair value (mg/L) | Repair target value (mg/L) |
| As | 0.16 | 0.034 | 0.05 |
| Pb | 0.23 | 0.045 | 0.05 |
| Cd | 0.015 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
Example 2
The polluted soil of a second abandoned mine is selected as an object, and the method is used for repairing:
the main pollutants in the mine polluted soil are heavy metals As, pb and Cd. The land is planned to be a general greening land, and the soil pollution screening value of the second type of construction land in GB36600-2018 is compared with the soil pollution risk management and control standard (trial) of the soil environment quality construction land: as60mg/kg, pb800mg/kg and Cd65mg/kg, the content of each pollutant exceeds the standard, and the average number of the exceeding standard multiples is about 2.32 times, 1.43 times and 2.9 times respectively.
1) According to the test, the ciliate desert-grass is screened out to serve as the repairing herbaceous plants on the two sides of the platform soil heap of the polluted soil, after the platform soil heap is built, ciliate desert-grass is densely planted on the two sides of the platform soil heap, and the ciliate desert-grass is maintained for about 10 days until the ciliate desert-grass survives. 2) Screening FeCl according to the test 3 And the citric acid composite reagent is a leaching reagent for heavy metals in the polluted soil. In the leaching liquid dispensing equipment, the two medicaments are added into the preparation FeCl 3 A mixed solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L and the concentration of 1mol/L of citric acid. 3) And pumping the prepared eluent into grooves at the top ends of the platform soil piles which are planted with ciliate desert-grass and survived at the two sides. The liquid-solid ratio of the leaching solution to the polluted soil is 8:1-10:1, and the leaching effect is adjusted. The leaching solution slowly flows into the grooves on the surface of the soil pile of the platform, the leaching time is 12-18 hours, and the number of the wheels to be leached is determined according to the repairing effect. 4) Waste leacheate after leaching along eachThe annular groove and the slope groove of the stage platform flow downwards and finally are converged into the artificial wetland at the lowest end. 5) Before the constructed wetland is used for containing leaching wastewater, reeds and duckweed are screened out as repair plants of the constructed wetland according to a test, ferric sulfide reducing bacteria and pseudomonas are main components of biological films on microorganism adhesion balls, and yeast powder, sodium lactate and glucose are filled in a cavity main piece with a hole. Reed is planted in the bottom mud of the artificial wetland for 6-10 plants/square meter. The duckweed is planted on the water surface. And (3) properly scattering a certain amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer into the water according to the detection result of nutrient substances in the water. Meanwhile, the microorganism bacterium liquid which is soaked and filled with the yeast powder, sodium lactate and glucose are put into the artificial wetland, and the plants and the microorganisms are maintained for 5-10 days. 6) The constructed wetland after maintenance receives the wastewater after leaching of the polluted soil, the heavy metal in the wastewater is treated, the repair period of the constructed wetland for the wastewater is 7-10 days, the environmental temperature is 15-25 ℃, and the pH value of the water body in the constructed wetland is 6-8.
Comparing the repair values of the related heavy metals in the soil environmental quality agricultural land soil pollution risk management and control standard (trial) GB15618-2018, wherein the heavy metal content in the repaired polluted soil completely meets the requirements of the related repair target values, and the results are shown in the following table:
| heavy metal name | Pre-repair value (mg/kg) | Post repair value (mg/kg) | Target repair value (mg/kg) |
| Cd | 0.795 | 0.27 | 0.3 |
| Cu | 163.5 | 47.3 | 50 |
And comparing three water standards in the surface water environment quality standard GB3838-2002, wherein the leached wastewater is treated by the artificial wetland and meets the corresponding heavy metal standard value requirement. The results are shown in the following table:
| heavy metal name | Pre-repair value (mg/L) | Post repair value (mg/L) | Repair target value (mg/L) |
| Cd | 0.013 | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Cu | 2.32 | 0.82 | 1.0 |
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the application in connection with specific preferred embodiments, and is not intended to limit the practice of the application to such description. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, and these are considered to be within the scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. The mine soil remediation method is characterized by adopting a mine soil remediation system, wherein the mine soil remediation system comprises a multi-stage contaminated soil remediation platform positioned at the upper part of a mine slope, a bottom constructed wetland positioned at the bottom of the mine slope and a water recycling system; the polluted soil remediation platform comprises a platform soil pile (1), an leacheate dispensing device (5), a platform annular groove (2) which is constructed around the platform soil pile (1), and a platform groove (3) which is connected with the platform annular groove (2) and the slope groove (4); the platform soil pile (1) comprises a repairing herbaceous plant (11), a platform polluted soil layer (12), a large stone layer (13), a plastic film layer (14) and a platform pollution-free soil layer (15) from top to bottom; the bottom artificial wetland (6) is internally provided with repairing plants (7) and microorganism attaching balls (8); the water recycling system comprises a delivery pump and a delivery pipeline which are used for delivering water of the bottom artificial wetland to the leacheate dispensing equipment (5);
the mine soil remediation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a restoration area into multiple stages of restoration platforms according to the topography of a restoration mine, wherein each stage of restoration platform is connected with a slope body; according to the actual pollution distribution condition of each platform, selecting a pollution-free area or a light pollution area or a shallow pollution depth area in the platform as a soil pile area of the platform;
s2, constructing a subbase layer in a set platform soil pile area to form a platform pollution-free soil layer (15);
s3, building a platform annular ditch, a platform ditch and a slope ditch, wherein the platform annular ditch is arranged around a platform soil pile area, the slope ditch is arranged along the slope, the platform ditch is arranged in the repairing platform, and two ends of the platform ditch are respectively communicated with the platform annular ditch and the slope ditch; the leacheate dispensing equipment and the corresponding pipelines of each repairing platform are installed;
s4, selecting an artificial wetland construction site at the downstream bottom end of the repair area, designing the scale of the artificial wetland according to the types of pollutants, the concentration of the pollutants and the treatment capacity of wastewater, and selecting and culturing the artificial wetland repair plants and microorganism types;
s5, paving an arc-shaped plastic film layer (14) above a platform pollution-free soil layer (15) in a platform soil heap area, constructing a massive stone layer (13) above the plastic film layer (14) by using stones, cleaning and transferring a repairing platform and nearby polluted soil to the platform soil heap area, stacking layer by layer until reaching a designed height to form a platform polluted soil layer (12), and arranging the top of the platform soil heap into a groove shape;
s6, planting the recovered herbaceous plants screened according to the pollutant types on two sides of the platform soil pile, then preparing chemical agents or microbial agents screened according to the pollutant types in the drip washing liquid dispensing equipment, spraying the chemical agents or microbial agents in grooves at the top end of the platform soil pile through pipelines, naturally penetrating down by the drip washing liquid under the action of gravity, diffusing in the platform soil pile, eluting pollutants in the polluted soil, eluting the drip washing waste liquid along two sides of the upper arc-shaped large stone layer into the platform annular grooves, and finally flowing into the artificial wetland at the bottom end of the downstream of the platform through the platform annular grooves, the platform grooves and the slope grooves of each stage of recovered platforms;
s7, performing pollutant removal treatment on leaching waste liquid entering the constructed wetland under the action of repairing plants and microorganisms, pumping the waste water which is detected to be qualified after treatment into a leaching solution dispensing device for recycling the leaching solution configuration, and further performing treatment on the waste water which is detected to be unqualified by increasing the amount of microorganism attached balls and/or increasing the amount of wet dissolved oxygen until the waste water is treated to be qualified;
s8, circularly reciprocating until the polluted soil of each stage of the repairing platform is completely repaired.
2. The mine soil remediation method of claim 1, wherein in S1, the gradient ratio of the slope is 1:1 or less.
3. The mine soil remediation method of claim 1, wherein when the subbase is constructed, the subbase is set to an upper arc structure, and the arc lower end and the surface layer of the platform have no height difference; tamping the surface layer of the subbase layer to remove substances affecting the integrity of the plastic film; constructing a subbase layer by directly using surrounding non-polluted soil for a non-polluted soil area; and (3) for the areas with lighter pollution and shallower pollution depth, stripping the polluted soil, and constructing the subbase layer by using the pollution-free soil.
4. The method for restoring mine soil according to claim 1, wherein the waste water to be treated in the mine is injected when the constructed wetland is constructed.
5. The mine soil remediation method according to claim 1, wherein the dredging depth and the dredging range of the polluted soil are determined according to design files and by combining with actual excavation face detection results on site, so that thorough dredging and remediation of the polluted soil are ensured.
6. The mine soil remediation method of claim 1 wherein the remediating herbs planted on both sides of the heap are periodically harvested, reduced and eventually landfilled.
7. The mine soil remediation method according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism attaching ball (8) comprises a cavity main piece (81) with a hole, a cavity thin auxiliary piece (82), a spherical closed cavity (83), a spherical hollowed-out rough net surface (84) and a spherical thread button (85); the microorganism attaching ball (8) comprises two symmetrical hemispheres which are detachably connected through a ball screw thread buckle (85); the microbe strains obtained by screening and nutrient substances required by the growth of the microbes are filled in the cavity main piece (81) with the hole thickness.
8. The mine soil remediation method of claim 7, wherein the microbial species on the microbial attachment sphere (8) include iron sulfide reducing bacteria and pseudomonas; the nutrient substances filled in the cavity with hole thick main tablet comprise yeast powder, sodium lactate and glucose.
9. The mine soil remediation method of claim 1 wherein the remediating herbs on either side of the mound include ciliate desert grass; the repair plants of the constructed wetland comprise reed and duckweed; the chemical agent for leaching comprises FeCl 3 And citric acid.
10. The mine soil remediation method according to claim 1, wherein the remediated platform soil pile is used as cultivated land or woodland after being flattened and surface-layer re-greened by mechanical equipment or soil improvement or directly re-greened by the surface layer of the pile according to the subsequent utilization requirement; the repaired constructed wetland is used as a part of mine landscapes or is subjected to landfill treatment.
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