CN115824655A - Marine engine modularization micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics - Google Patents
Marine engine modularization micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a marine engine modular micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics, which comprises an adjustable stroke gear module, a micro-test platform and a micro-test platform, wherein the adjustable stroke gear module comprises a rotating shaft, a servo motor, a first speed change gear, a crankshaft and a second speed change gear; the simulation marine generator cylinder pressure module comprises a first pneumatic cylinder, a second pneumatic cylinder, a low/high pressure regulation control unit and a multistage air compression system; the adjustable phase angle module is used for changing the phase angle between the first air pressure cylinder and the second air pressure cylinder; the multifunctional shafting vibration test adapter comprises a gear disc, a short shaft, a cylindrical fixing frame and various sensors arranged on the cylindrical fixing frame; the vibration sensor is used for measuring vibration caused by abnormal matching of the crankshaft bearing and the crankshaft; and the torque controller simulates different load conditions on the crankshaft by setting parameters of the torque controller. The invention mainly aims at measuring the combustion and vibration characteristics of the marine engine, and has the advantages of simple structure, modularization, multiple functions, convenience in disassembly and assembly, reliability in operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine engine test platforms, and particularly relates to a marine engine modular micro test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics.
Background
Combustion and vibration tests of the marine engine are important scientific research and test projects, and are finished on an engine test bed, so that the combustion characteristic and the vibration characteristic of the marine engine are analyzed. Meanwhile, vibration characteristics such as indicator diagrams, shafting longitudinal vibration, transverse vibration, torsional vibration and the like in the cylinder of the marine engine are important test types for marine engine teaching, and are main contents for developing engine test teaching in most of marine industry colleges. However, when combustion and vibration tests are carried out in a marine engine cylinder, test tests need to be carried out on an engine rack, the actual complete marine engine rack comprises an actual engine, a dynamometer, a measurement and control table, a starting system, a cooling system, a fuel system and the like, the rack is large in occupied space and high in equipment cost and expense, maintenance costs of fuel oil, lubricating oil and vulnerable materials of the fuel oil and the lubricating oil which are consumed in operation and maintenance are high, maintenance needs to be carried out by professional technicians, certain potential safety hazards of tests exist at the same time, and initial students are not facilitated to be involved in marine engine test research. In addition, when marine engine test teaching is carried out, due to the fact that operation state sensing, building and using of a test system, obtaining of data, analysis, communication and the like in each module of an engine bench test are not sufficiently displayed, the automation degree of an existing engine test and control table is high, the teaching demonstration degree of a test method is not strong, middle links and knowledge system cognition of the test teaching are lacked, students are difficult to learn and master the whole engine test testing process, and meanwhile the practical ability and the autonomous design ability of the students cannot be improved. In addition, the harsh test environment of a crowded, high-temperature, humid, noisy and dangerous actual engine pedestal can affect the efficiency and effect of the test teaching.
Therefore, the small-sized special modularized micro test bed with the combustion and vibration characteristics for the marine engine is developed, convenience can be provided for marine engine test researchers, the scientific research input cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the improvement of the teaching quality and effect of related engine tests is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a combustion and vibration characteristic-based modular micro-test platform for a marine engine, aiming at the problems that the existing engine test bed is high in construction cost, low in flexibility of construction of a constructed background frame and severe in test environment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a marine engine modularization micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics comprises an adjustable stroke gear module, a cylinder pressure module of a simulated marine generator, an adjustable phase angle module, a multifunctional shafting vibration test adapter, a vibration sensor and a torque controller;
the stroke-adjustable gear module comprises a rotating shaft, a servo motor, a first speed change gear, a crankshaft and a second speed change gear; the first speed change gear is arranged on a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with a servo motor and driven by the servo motor, and a photoelectric encoder is arranged on the rotating shaft; the second speed change gear is arranged at one end of the crankshaft and is meshed with the first speed change gear; changing the ratio of reference circles of the two speed change gears by replacing the second speed change gear so as to change the ratio of the rotating speeds of the two speed change gears; the crankshaft comprises a first crank throw and a second crank throw;
the marine generator cylinder pressure simulation module comprises a first pneumatic cylinder, a second pneumatic cylinder, a low-level pressure regulation control unit, a high-level pressure regulation control unit and a multistage air compression system; a first pneumatic piston in the first pneumatic cylinder is connected with the first crank through a first connecting rod, and a second pneumatic piston in the second pneumatic cylinder is connected with the second crank through a second connecting rod; the multi-stage air compression system includes low stage low pressure air and high stage high pressure air; the cavities of the first pneumatic cylinder and the second pneumatic cylinder are respectively connected with low-level low-pressure air of the multistage air compression system through the low-level pressure adjusting control unit, a first one-way pressure adjusting pneumatic valve is arranged between the low-level pressure adjusting control unit and the first pneumatic cylinder, a second one-way pressure adjusting pneumatic valve is arranged between the low-level pressure adjusting control unit and the second pneumatic cylinder, the maximum pressure value when the pistons in the two cylinders move to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinders is adjusted through the low-level pressure adjusting control unit, and the maximum pressure value is ensured to be unchanged when the pistons move to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinders; the cavities of the first pneumatic cylinder and the second pneumatic cylinder are also respectively connected with high-grade high-pressure air of the multistage air compression system through the high-grade pressure regulation control unit, a third one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve is arranged between the high-grade pressure regulation control unit and the first pneumatic cylinder, a fourth one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve is arranged between the high-grade pressure regulation control unit and the second pneumatic cylinder, the high-grade pressure regulation control unit controls the time and duration of high-pressure air after pistons in the two cylinders move to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinders, and the ignition time and the combustion time of the marine engine are simulated; the multi-stage air compression system provides and keeps the air pressure curve required by the module stable;
the adjustable phase angle module comprises an adjustable angle flange pair which is respectively arranged at two ends of the first crank throw and the second crank throw and is used for changing the phase angle of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod;
the multifunctional shafting vibration testing adapter is arranged at the other end of the crankshaft, and comprises a gear disc, a short shaft, a cylindrical fixing frame, a transverse X displacement sensor, a transverse Y displacement sensor, a longitudinal displacement sensor, a first Hall sensor and a second Hall sensor, wherein the transverse X displacement sensor, the transverse Y displacement sensor, the longitudinal displacement sensor, the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are arranged on the cylindrical fixing frame;
the vibration sensor is fixedly arranged on the surface of the crankshaft bearing seat and used for measuring vibration caused by abnormal matching of the crankshaft bearing and the crankshaft;
the torque controller is arranged on the crankshaft, and different load conditions on the crankshaft are simulated by setting parameters of the torque controller.
In the above scheme, a first pressure sensor is arranged on the first pneumatic cylinder, and a second pressure sensor is arranged on the second pneumatic cylinder and used for collecting pressure signals in the cylinders.
In the scheme, the first pressure sensor transmits acquired signals to the first isolation module, the second pressure sensor transmits acquired signals to the second isolation module, the signals are processed by the isolation module, the maximum pressure value when the piston operates to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is transmitted to the low-level pressure regulation control unit, and the low-level pressure regulation control unit controls whether to supplement low-level low-pressure air into the cylinder according to whether the maximum pressure value drops, so that the maximum pressure when the piston operates to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is kept unchanged; meanwhile, the signal is processed by the isolation module, the maximum pressure value when the piston runs to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is transmitted to the high-level pressure adjusting and controlling unit, the high-level pressure adjusting and controlling unit controls the opening time and the opening duration of the third one-way pressure adjusting pneumatic valve and the fourth one-way pressure adjusting pneumatic valve according to the maximum pressure value when the piston runs to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder, and therefore the ignition time and the combustion time of the marine engine are simulated, and the pressure curve in the cylinder is closer to the real value.
In the above scheme, the first isolation module and the second isolation module further transmit out in-cylinder pressure signals respectively so as to detect in-cylinder pressure changes.
In the scheme, the angle-adjustable flange pair is provided with the arc-shaped adjusting groove and the angle scale mark, and the included angle between the two pneumatic cylinders is changed by quantitatively adjusting the relative angle of the flange pair, so that different included angles between cylinders of the V-shaped marine engine can be simulated.
In the scheme, the system further comprises a signal acquisition and control system, wherein the signal acquisition and control system comprises an engine combustion and vibration characteristic test analysis system and a modularized micro test platform control system; the engine combustion and vibration characteristic test and analysis system comprises a multifunctional shafting vibration signal module, an in-cylinder combustion signal module, a vibration characteristic analysis module and a combustion characteristic analysis module; the modularized micro-test platform control system comprises a motor rotating speed control unit, a torque control module and a multistage air compression system pressure regulation control unit.
In the scheme, the multifunctional shafting vibration signal module comprises a shafting longitudinal displacement signal, a shafting transverse X and Y displacement signal, a bearing acceleration signal, an upper dead center signal and a rotating speed signal; the in-cylinder combustion signal module comprises a cylinder pressure signal and a photoelectric encoder signal; the vibration characteristic analysis module is used for analyzing vibration characteristics and comprises an axis track monitoring module, a shafting torsional vibration monitoring module, an axial vibration monitoring module, a bearing wear monitoring module, a shafting vibration time domain and frequency domain analysis module and a shafting vibration characteristic parameter display and analysis module; the combustion characteristic analysis module is used for analyzing combustion characteristics and comprises an indicator diagram monitoring module and a combustion characteristic parameter display and analysis module.
In the scheme, the motor rotating speed control unit controls the rotating speed of the servo motor according to a rotating speed signal measured by the photoelectric encoder; the torque control module controls the shafting torque according to the shafting torque signal output by the torque controller; and the pressure regulating and controlling unit of the multistage air compression system regulates and controls the pressure change in the cylinder according to the cylinder pressure signal measured by the pressure sensor.
In the scheme, an upper stop boss is arranged on the end face of the gear disc, and the second Hall sensor is arranged on one side, opposite to the upper stop boss, of the gear disc in the radial direction; the first Hall sensor is installed on one opposite side along the radial direction of the gear disc and opposite to the gear teeth.
In the above scheme, the vibration sensor is mounted on an end position bearing seat close to the gear disc, and the torque controller is mounted on a crankshaft between the gear disc and the end position bearing seat.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to a modularized micro-test platform for a marine engine based on combustion and vibration characteristics, which is characterized in that the overall structure of the platform is jointly composed of an adjustable stroke gear module, an adjustable phase angle module, a simulated marine generator cylinder pressure module, a multifunctional shafting vibration test adapter, a torque controller and the like, and is matched with a signal acquisition and control system, so that the requirements of different types of engines on simulation test research of the combustion and vibration characteristics can be conveniently met, and the purpose of analyzing the combustion characteristics and the vibration characteristics of different types of marine engines can be achieved through modularized design on the premise of low cost, short period and high convenience in installation.
2. The invention can conveniently meet the requirements of engines with different types and characteristics (the number of strokes is variable, the included angle of each cylinder is variable, the ignition time is variable, and the combustion time is variable) on the simulation test research of the combustion and vibration characteristics, and meanwhile, the multifunctional performance of the characteristic simulation of the combustion module and the vibration module can provide a verification platform for the monitoring and diagnosis technology research of the marine engine.
3. Through the design and development of the modularized micro-test platform, the test principle and method of each module in the test process are highlighted, the causal relationship among the test principle, the design, the steps and the data result analysis is favorably displayed, the whole process of the marine engine test is reflected by the sub-modules, and the teaching content of the marine engine test is better supported and enriched.
4. The modularization and miniaturization of the platform can meet the requirement that the platform is not limited by an engine rack in test teaching, so that the test environment of crowding, high temperature, humidity, high noise and danger in the original test teaching is transferred into a learning scene mode which is not limited by time and personal safety.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the general structural arrangement of the marine engine modular micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of an adjustable angle flange pair of the marine engine modular micro-test platform of the present invention based on combustion and vibration characteristics;
FIG. 3 is a side view of an adjustable angle flange pair of the marine engine modular micro-test platform of the present invention based on combustion and vibration characteristics;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the signal acquisition and monitoring system of the modular micro-test platform of the marine engine based on combustion and vibration characteristics.
In the figure: 11. a rotating shaft; 12. a servo motor; 13. a first speed change gear; 14. a photoelectric encoder; 15. a crankshaft; 151. a first crank throw; 152. a second crank throw; 16. a second speed change gear;
20. a vibration sensor;
311. a first pneumatic cylinder; 312. a second pneumatic cylinder; 321. a first pneumatic piston; 322. a second pneumatic piston; 331. a first link; 332. a second link; 341. a first one-way pressure regulating pneumatic valve; 342. a second one-way pressure regulating pneumatic valve; 343. a third one-way pressure regulating pneumatic valve; 344. a fourth one-way pressure regulating pneumatic valve; 351. a first pressure sensor; 352. a second pressure sensor; 361. a first isolation module; 362. a second isolation module; 371. a low-stage pressure regulation control unit; 372. a high-level pressure regulation control unit; 38. a multi-stage air compression system;
40. an angle-adjustable flange pair; 41. an adjustment groove;
51. a gear plate and a stub shaft; 52. a cylindrical fixing frame; 53. a lateral X displacement sensor; 54. a lateral Y displacement sensor; 55. a longitudinal displacement sensor; 56. a connecting flange; 57. an upper dead center boss; 58. a first Hall sensor; 59. a second Hall sensor;
60. a torque controller;
70. and a bearing seat.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the marine engine modular micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an adjustable stroke gear module, a simulated marine generator cylinder pressure module, an adjustable phase angle module, a multifunctional shafting vibration test adapter, a vibration sensor 20, a torque controller 60, and a plurality of bearing blocks 70 for supporting, wherein an oil cup is mounted on each bearing block 70.
The stroke-adjustable gear module comprises a rotating shaft 11, a servo motor 12, a first speed change gear 13, a crankshaft 15 and a second speed change gear 16; the first speed changing gear 13 is mounted on the rotating shaft 11, the rotating shaft 11 is connected with the servo motor 12 and driven by the servo motor 12, and the photoelectric encoder 14 is mounted on the rotating shaft 11 and used for detecting the rotating speed of the servo motor 12. The second speed changing gear 16 is installed at one end of the crankshaft 15 and meshed with the first speed changing gear 13, and the servo motor 12 drives the first speed changing gear 13 to rotate so as to drive the second speed changing gear 16 to rotate. Crankshaft 15 includes a first throw 151 and a second throw 152. The ratio of reference circles of the two speed change gears is changed by replacing the second speed change gear 16, the positions of the first speed change gear 13 and the servo motor 12 can be adjusted in a sliding mode through the arrangement of the straight groove, the speed ratios of the two speed change gears are further changed, the speed ratios of the pair of speed change gears are replaced, and different stroke engines are simulated. When the tooth speeds are equal, the speed ratio is 1: a two-stroke engine can be simulated, the speed ratio being 2:1, the engine can simulate a four-stroke engine, and the distance between the rotating shaft 11 and the crankshaft 15 needs to be adjusted during replacement.
The simulated marine generator cylinder pressure module comprises a first pneumatic cylinder 311, a second pneumatic cylinder 312, a low-stage pressure regulation control unit 371, a high-stage pressure regulation control unit 372 and a multi-stage air compression system 38. The first pneumatic piston 321 in the first pneumatic cylinder 311 is connected to the first bell crank 151 through a first connecting rod 331, and the second pneumatic piston 322 in the second pneumatic cylinder 312 is connected to the second bell crank 152 through a second connecting rod 332. The multi-stage air compression system 38 includes low stage low pressure air and high stage high pressure air. The cavities of the first pneumatic cylinder 311 and the second pneumatic cylinder 312 are respectively connected with low-level low-pressure air of the multi-stage air compression system 38 through a low-level pressure regulation control unit 371, a first one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve 341 is arranged between the low-level pressure regulation control unit 371 and the first pneumatic cylinder 311, a second one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve 342 is arranged between the low-level pressure regulation control unit 371 and the second pneumatic cylinder 312, the maximum pressure value when the pistons in the two cylinders run to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinders is regulated through the low-level pressure regulation control unit 371, and the value is ensured to be unchanged when the pistons run to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinders. The cavities of the first pneumatic cylinder 311 and the second pneumatic cylinder 312 are also respectively connected with high-level high-pressure air of the multistage air compression system 38 through a high-level pressure regulation control unit 372, a third one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve 343 is arranged between the high-level pressure regulation control unit 372 and the first pneumatic cylinder 311, a fourth one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve 344 is arranged between the high-level pressure regulation control unit 372 and the second pneumatic cylinder 312, the high-level pressure regulation pneumatic valve timing and duration after the pistons in the two cylinders move to the upper dead center of the pneumatic cylinders are controlled through the high-level pressure regulation control unit 372, the ignition time and the combustion time of the marine engine are simulated, and the in-cylinder pressure curve is closer to the real value. The multi-stage air compression system 38 provides and maintains the desired air pressure curve for the module stable. The first pneumatic cylinder 311 is provided with a first pressure sensor 351, and the second pneumatic cylinder 312 is provided with a second pressure sensor 352 for collecting pressure signals in the cylinders. The first pressure sensor 351 transmits the collected signal to the first isolation module 361, the second pressure sensor 352 transmits the collected signal to the second isolation module 362, the signal is processed by the isolation module, the maximum pressure value when the piston runs to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is transmitted to the low-stage pressure regulation control unit 371, and the low-stage pressure regulation control unit 371 controls whether to supplement low-stage low-pressure air into the cylinder according to whether the maximum pressure value drops, so that the maximum pressure when the piston runs to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is kept unchanged. Meanwhile, the signal is processed by the isolation module, the maximum pressure value when the piston runs to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is transmitted to the high-level pressure adjusting control unit 372, and the high-level pressure adjusting control unit 372 controls the opening time and the opening duration of the third one-way pressure adjusting pneumatic valve 343 and the fourth one-way pressure adjusting pneumatic valve 344 according to the maximum pressure value when the piston runs to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder, so that the ignition time and the combustion time of the marine engine are simulated, and the in-cylinder pressure curve is closer to the real value. The first isolation module 361 and the second isolation module 362 respectively transmit the in-cylinder pressure signal to detect the in-cylinder pressure change.
The adjustable phase angle module comprises an adjustable angle flange pair 40 respectively arranged at two ends of the first crank throw 151 and the second crank throw 152, and is used for changing the phase angle of the first connecting rod 331 and the second connecting rod 332, namely the phase angle of the pressure curve in two cylinders of the marine engine. As shown in fig. 2-3, an arc-shaped adjustment groove 41 and an angle scale mark are formed on the adjustable angle flange pair 40, the included angle between two pneumatic cylinders is changed by quantitatively adjusting the relative angle of the flange pair, the adjustable angle flange pair 40 starts to be 0 degree, screws on the adjustment groove 41 on the flange pair are dismounted, the flange is rotated to a preset angle and is fastened by the screws, so that the phase angle of two connecting rods can be changed, the working phase of each cylinder of a marine engine is simulated, and the pressure curve phase angle in the two cylinders is further changed.
The multifunctional shafting vibration test adapter is arranged at the other end of the crankshaft 15 and comprises a gear disc, a short shaft 51, a cylindrical fixing frame 52, a transverse X displacement sensor 53, a transverse Y displacement sensor 54, a longitudinal displacement sensor 55, a first Hall sensor 58 and a second Hall sensor 59, wherein the transverse X displacement sensor, the transverse Y displacement sensor, the longitudinal displacement sensor 55, the first Hall sensor 58 and the second Hall sensor 59 are arranged on the cylindrical fixing frame 52, the gear disc and the short shaft 51 are connected with the other end of the crankshaft 15 through a connecting flange 56, and the cylindrical fixing frame 52 is fixed on a test platform base. The part of the cylindrical fixing frame 52 corresponding to the sensor is pre-processed with a threaded hole matched with the sensor, various sensors are rotatably installed to corresponding positions through self threads, the installation direction of the transverse displacement sensor is the short axis radial direction, the installation direction of the longitudinal displacement sensor is the gear disc axial direction, and the installation direction of the Hall sensor is the gear disc radial direction. The gear plate is provided with an upper stop boss 57, the second Hall sensor 59 is installed on one side opposite to the upper stop boss 57, and the gap between the second Hall sensor 59 and the upper stop boss 57 is about 1mm, and the second Hall sensor is fixedly fastened by a nut and used for detecting the instantaneous rotating speed of the gear plate. The first Hall sensor 58 is installed on the opposite side of the gear plate, and the clearance between the first Hall sensor 58 and the addendum circle is about 1mm, so that the torsional vibration of the gear plate can be monitored. The radial clearance between the transverse X displacement sensor 53 and the transverse Y displacement sensor 54 and the short shaft is about 2mm, the clearance between the longitudinal displacement sensor 55 and the end face of the gear plate is 2mm, the transverse X displacement sensor 53 is used for monitoring the displacement condition of the crankshaft 15 in the X direction (vertical direction is perpendicular to the axis), the transverse Y displacement sensor 54 is used for monitoring the displacement condition of the crankshaft 15 in the Y direction (horizontal direction is perpendicular to the axis), the axial center track of the crankshaft 15 can be obtained by combining the data of the transverse X displacement sensor and the transverse Y displacement sensor, and the longitudinal displacement sensor 55 is used for monitoring the axial displacement of the crankshaft 15.
The vibration sensor 20 and the torque controller 60 are both mounted on the crankshaft 15, wherein the vibration sensor 20 is mounted on an end bearing seat 70 near the gear plate for measuring the vibration caused by the abnormal fit of the crankshaft bearing and the crankshaft. The torque controller 60 is arranged on the crankshaft 15 between the connecting flange 56 and the end position bearing seat 70, and different load conditions on the crankshaft 15 can be simulated by setting parameters of the torque controller 60, so that the output and working conditions of the power of the servo motor 12 can be controlled, and the combustion and vibration characteristics of the marine engine can be simulated.
When the adjustable angle flange is used, the proper gear pairs (the first speed change gear 13 and the second speed change gear 16) are replaced, the four adjustable angle flange pairs 40 are adjusted, and the phase angle between the two connecting rods is adjusted. The servo motor 12 is started, the rotating speed of the servo motor 12 is detected through the photoelectric encoder 14, the multistage air compression system 38, the low-stage pressure regulation control unit 371 and the high-stage pressure regulation control unit 372 are opened, pressure changes in the two pneumatic cylinders are regulated, and different engine working conditions are simulated. The torque controller 60 is adjusted to simulate the load conditions. The change in the rotational speed, the displacement condition, and the axial runout amount of the crankshaft 15 under a specific load are detected by two hall sensors and three displacement sensors.
As shown in fig. 4, the marine engine modular micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics further comprises a signal acquisition and control system, and the signal acquisition and control system comprises an engine combustion and vibration characteristic test analysis system and a modular micro-test platform control system.
The engine combustion and vibration characteristic test and analysis system comprises a multifunctional shafting vibration signal module, an in-cylinder combustion signal module, a vibration characteristic analysis module and a combustion characteristic analysis module. The multifunctional shafting vibration signal module comprises a shafting longitudinal displacement signal, a shafting transverse X and Y displacement signal, a bearing acceleration signal (collected by the vibration sensor 20), an upper dead center signal and a rotating speed signal; the in-cylinder combustion signal module comprises a cylinder pressure signal and a photoelectric encoder signal; the vibration characteristic analysis module is used for analyzing vibration characteristics and comprises an axis track monitoring module, a shafting torsional vibration monitoring module, an axial vibration monitoring module, a bearing wear monitoring module, a shafting vibration time domain and frequency domain analysis module and a shafting vibration characteristic parameter display and analysis module; the combustion characteristic analysis module is used for analyzing the combustion characteristics and comprises an indicator diagram monitoring module and a combustion characteristic parameter display and analysis module. The engine combustion and vibration characteristic test and analysis system transmits a shafting longitudinal displacement signal, a shafting transverse X and Y displacement signal, a bearing acceleration signal, an upper dead point signal, a rotating speed signal, a cylinder pressure signal and an encoder signal, and then analyzes an axis track, shafting torsional vibration, axial vibration and bearing abrasion detection, shafting vibration time domain, frequency domain and shafting vibration characteristic parameters, completes the analysis of vibration characteristics, and completes the analysis of combustion characteristics through indicator diagram detection and combustion characteristic parameter analysis.
The modularized micro-test platform control system comprises a motor rotating speed control unit, a torque control module and a multistage air compression system pressure regulation control unit. The motor rotating speed control unit controls the rotating speed of the servo motor 12 according to a rotating speed signal measured by the photoelectric encoder 14; the torque control module controls the shafting torque according to the shafting torque signal output by the torque controller 60; the pressure adjusting control unit of the multi-stage air compression system controls the pressure change in the cylinder according to the cylinder pressure signal measured by the pressure sensor. The modularized micro-test platform control system further realizes the control of the rotating speed of the motor, the pressure adjusting unit of the multi-stage air compression system and the torque through the transmission of a rotating speed signal, a cylinder pressure signal and a shafting torque signal.
The ship engine modularized micro-test platform based on the combustion and vibration characteristics is detachably mounted on a small-sized test bed base through the modules, is built at low cost and in a short period, and can be increased, decreased or replaced.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A marine engine modularization micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics is characterized by comprising an adjustable stroke gear module, a simulation marine generator cylinder pressure module, an adjustable phase angle module, a multifunctional shafting vibration test adapter, a vibration sensor and a torque controller;
the adjustable stroke gear module comprises a rotating shaft, a servo motor, a first speed change gear, a crankshaft and a second speed change gear; the first speed change gear is arranged on a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with a servo motor and driven by the servo motor, and a photoelectric encoder is arranged on the rotating shaft; the second speed change gear is arranged at one end of the crankshaft and is meshed with the first speed change gear; changing the ratio of reference circles of the two speed change gears by replacing the second speed change gear so as to change the ratio of the rotating speeds of the two speed change gears; the crankshaft comprises a first crank throw and a second crank throw;
the marine generator cylinder pressure simulation module comprises a first pneumatic cylinder, a second pneumatic cylinder, a low-level pressure regulation control unit, a high-level pressure regulation control unit and a multistage air compression system; a first pneumatic piston in the first pneumatic cylinder is connected with the first crank throw through a first connecting rod, and a second pneumatic piston in the second pneumatic cylinder is connected with the second crank throw through a second connecting rod; the multi-stage air compression system includes low stage low pressure air and high stage high pressure air; the cavities of the first pneumatic cylinder and the second pneumatic cylinder are respectively connected with low-level low-pressure air of the multistage air compression system through the low-level pressure adjusting control unit, a first one-way pressure adjusting pneumatic valve is arranged between the low-level pressure adjusting control unit and the first pneumatic cylinder, a second one-way pressure adjusting pneumatic valve is arranged between the low-level pressure adjusting control unit and the second pneumatic cylinder, the maximum pressure value when the pistons in the two cylinders move to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinders is adjusted through the low-level pressure adjusting control unit, and the maximum pressure value is ensured to be unchanged when the pistons move to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinders; the cavities of the first pneumatic cylinder and the second pneumatic cylinder are also respectively connected with high-grade high-pressure air of the multistage air compression system through the high-grade pressure regulation control unit, a third one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve is arranged between the high-grade pressure regulation control unit and the first pneumatic cylinder, a fourth one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve is arranged between the high-grade pressure regulation control unit and the second pneumatic cylinder, the high-grade pressure regulation control unit controls the time and duration of high-pressure air after pistons in the two cylinders move to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinders, and the ignition time and the combustion time of the marine engine are simulated; the multi-stage air compression system provides and keeps the air pressure curve required by the module stable;
the adjustable phase angle module comprises an adjustable angle flange pair which is respectively arranged at two ends of the first crank throw and the second crank throw and is used for changing the phase angle of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod;
the multifunctional shafting vibration testing adapter is arranged at the other end of the crankshaft, and comprises a gear disc, a short shaft, a cylindrical fixing frame, a transverse X displacement sensor, a transverse Y displacement sensor, a longitudinal displacement sensor, a first Hall sensor and a second Hall sensor, wherein the transverse X displacement sensor, the transverse Y displacement sensor, the longitudinal displacement sensor, the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are arranged on the cylindrical fixing frame;
the vibration sensor is fixedly arranged on the surface of the crankshaft bearing seat and used for measuring vibration caused by abnormal matching of the crankshaft bearing and the crankshaft;
the torque controller is arranged on the crankshaft, and different load conditions on the crankshaft are simulated by setting parameters of the torque controller.
2. The modular micro test platform for marine engines based on combustion and vibration characteristics of claim 1, wherein a first pressure sensor is mounted on the first pneumatic cylinder and a second pressure sensor is mounted on the second pneumatic cylinder for collecting in-cylinder pressure signals.
3. The modular micro test platform for the marine engine based on the combustion and vibration characteristics as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first pressure sensor transmits the collected signal to a first isolation module, the second pressure sensor transmits the collected signal to a second isolation module, the signal is processed by the isolation module, a maximum pressure value when the piston runs to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is transmitted to the low-stage pressure regulation control unit, and the low-stage pressure regulation control unit controls whether to supplement low-stage low-pressure air into the cylinder according to whether the maximum pressure value drops, so as to keep the maximum pressure when the piston runs to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder unchanged; meanwhile, the signal is processed by the isolation module, the maximum pressure value when the piston runs to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is transmitted to the high-level pressure adjusting and controlling unit, the high-level pressure adjusting and controlling unit controls the opening time and the opening duration of the third one-way pressure adjusting pneumatic valve and the fourth one-way pressure adjusting pneumatic valve according to the maximum pressure value when the piston runs to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder, and therefore the ignition time and the combustion time of the marine engine are simulated, and the pressure curve in the cylinder is closer to the real value.
4. The marine engine modular micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics of claim 3, wherein the first and second isolation modules further transmit in-cylinder pressure signals, respectively, to detect in-cylinder pressure changes.
5. The modular micro-test platform for the marine engine based on combustion and vibration characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjustable angle flange pair is processed with an arc-shaped adjustment groove and an angle scale mark, and the relative angle of the flange pair is quantitatively adjusted to change the included angle between two pneumatic cylinders, thereby simulating different included angles between cylinders of a V-shaped marine engine.
6. The modular micro test platform for marine engines based on combustion and vibration characteristics of claim 1, further comprising a signal acquisition and control system comprising an engine combustion and vibration characteristics test analysis system and a modular micro test platform control system; the engine combustion and vibration characteristic test and analysis system comprises a multifunctional shafting vibration signal module, an in-cylinder combustion signal module, a vibration characteristic analysis module and a combustion characteristic analysis module; the modularized micro-test platform control system comprises a motor rotating speed control unit, a torque control module and a multistage air compression system pressure regulation control unit.
7. The marine engine modular micro test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics of claim 6, wherein the multifunctional shafting vibration signal module comprises a shafting longitudinal displacement signal, a shafting transverse X and Y displacement signal, a bearing acceleration signal, a top dead center signal, a rotation speed signal; the in-cylinder combustion signal module comprises a cylinder pressure signal and a photoelectric encoder signal; the vibration characteristic analysis module is used for analyzing vibration characteristics and comprises an axis track monitoring module, a shafting torsional vibration monitoring module, an axial vibration monitoring module, a bearing wear monitoring module, a shafting vibration time domain and frequency domain analysis module and a shafting vibration characteristic parameter display and analysis module; the combustion characteristic analysis module is used for analyzing combustion characteristics and comprises an indicator diagram monitoring module and a combustion characteristic parameter display and analysis module.
8. The modular micro test platform for the marine engine based on the combustion and vibration characteristics as claimed in claim 7, wherein the motor rotation speed control unit controls the rotation speed of the servo motor according to a rotation speed signal measured by the photoelectric encoder; the torque control module controls the shafting torque according to a shafting torque signal output by the torque controller; and the pressure regulating and controlling unit of the multistage air compression system regulates and controls the pressure change in the cylinder according to the cylinder pressure signal measured by the pressure sensor.
9. The modular micro-test platform for the marine engine based on combustion and vibration characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein an upper dead center boss is arranged on an end face of the gear disc, and the second hall sensor is mounted on an opposite side of the upper dead center boss along a radial direction of the gear disc; the first Hall sensor is installed on one opposite side along the radial direction of the gear disc and opposite to the gear teeth.
10. The modular micro test platform for marine engines based on combustion and vibration characteristics of claim 1, wherein the vibration sensor is mounted on an end bearing block near a gear disc and the torque controller is mounted on the crankshaft between the gear disc and the end bearing block.
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| CN112557026A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-03-26 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Simulation driving method, simulation load method and engine gear test system |
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| JP2013083489A (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2013-05-09 | Daihatsu Diesel Mfg Co Ltd | Sensor unit for internal combustion engines and status monitoring device for internal combustion engines |
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