CN115824655B - Marine engine modularization micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics - Google Patents
Marine engine modularization micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a marine engine modularized micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics, which comprises an adjustable stroke gear module, a driving mechanism and a driving mechanism, wherein the adjustable stroke gear module comprises a rotating shaft, a servo motor, a first speed change gear, a crankshaft and a second speed change gear; the marine engine cylinder pressure simulation module comprises a first pneumatic cylinder, a second pneumatic cylinder, a low/high pressure regulation control unit and a multi-stage air compression system; the adjustable phase angle module is used for changing the phase angle of the first pneumatic cylinder and the second pneumatic cylinder; the multifunctional shafting vibration test adapter comprises a gear disc, a short shaft, a cylindrical fixing frame and various sensors arranged on the cylindrical fixing frame; the vibration sensor is used for measuring vibration caused by abnormal matching of the crankshaft bearing and the crankshaft; and the torque controller simulates different load conditions on the crankshaft by setting parameters of the torque controller. The invention aims at measuring the combustion and vibration characteristics of the marine engine and has the advantages of simple structure, modularization, multifunction, convenient disassembly and assembly, reliable work and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine engine test platforms, and particularly relates to a marine engine modularized micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics.
Background
The combustion and vibration test of the marine engine are important scientific research test items, and all the test items need to be completed on an engine test bed, so that the combustion characteristic and the vibration characteristic of the marine engine are analyzed. Meanwhile, vibration characteristics such as an indicator diagram, shafting longitudinal vibration, transverse vibration, torsional vibration and the like in a ship engine cylinder are important test types for teaching the ship engine, and are main contents for developing engine test teaching in most of ship industry universities. However, when the combustion and vibration test in the marine engine cylinder is carried out, the test needs to be carried out on the engine bench, and the actual complete marine engine bench comprises an actual engine, a dynamometer, a measurement and control bench, a starting system, a cooling system, a fuel system and the like, so that the bench is large in occupied space, high in equipment cost and high in maintenance cost caused by fuel oil, lubricating oil and vulnerable materials thereof consumed in operation and maintenance, and a professional technician is required to carry out maintenance, and meanwhile, certain test potential safety hazards exist, so that the initial scholars in the marine engine test study are not facilitated. In addition, when the marine engine test teaching is carried out, the operation state sensing, the construction and the use of a test system, the acquisition and the analysis of data, the communication and the like in each module of the engine bench test are insufficient, the conventional engine test control bench is high in automation degree, the teaching display degree of a test method is not strong, the middle links and the knowledge system cognition of the test teaching are lacked, students hardly learn and master the whole process of the test of the whole engine test, and meanwhile, the manual capability and the autonomous design capability of the students cannot be improved. In addition, crowded, high temperature, humid, noisy and dangerous actual engine bench harsh test environments can impact test teaching efficiency and effectiveness.
Therefore, the small-sized special modularized micro-test bed with combustion and vibration characteristics for the marine engine is developed, convenience can be brought to marine engine test researchers, the cost of scientific research investment is reduced, and meanwhile, the improvement of the teaching quality and effect of related engine tests is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of high construction cost, insufficient flexibility of the use of the constructed engine test bench and severe test environment of the existing engine test bench, and provides a marine engine modularized micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics, which takes the measurement of the combustion and vibration characteristics of a marine engine as a main target and has the advantages of simple structure, modularization, multifunction, convenience in disassembly and assembly, reliability in work and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a marine engine modularized micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics comprises an adjustable stroke gear module, a marine engine cylinder pressure simulation module, an adjustable phase angle module, a multifunctional shafting vibration test adapter, a vibration sensor and a torque controller;
the stroke-adjustable gear module comprises a rotating shaft, a servo motor, a first speed change gear, a crankshaft and a second speed change gear; the first speed change gear is arranged on a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with a servo motor and driven by the servo motor, and a photoelectric encoder is arranged on the rotating shaft; the second speed change gear is arranged at one end of the crankshaft and meshed with the first speed change gear; changing the reference circle diameter ratio of the two speed change gears by changing the second speed change gear, thereby changing the rotation speed ratio of the two speed change gears; the crankshaft comprises a first crank throw and a second crank throw;
the simulated marine engine cylinder pressure module comprises a first pneumatic cylinder, a second pneumatic cylinder, a low-stage pressure regulation control unit, a high-stage pressure regulation control unit and a multi-stage air compression system; the first pneumatic piston in the first pneumatic cylinder is connected with the first crank throw through a first connecting rod, and the second pneumatic piston in the second pneumatic cylinder is connected with the second crank throw through a second connecting rod; the multi-stage air compression system comprises low-stage low-pressure air and high-stage high-pressure air; the cavity bodies of the first pneumatic cylinder and the second pneumatic cylinder are respectively connected with low-level low-pressure air of the multi-level air compression system through the low-level pressure regulation control unit, a first one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve is arranged between the low-level pressure regulation control unit and the first pneumatic cylinder, a second one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve is arranged between the low-level pressure regulation control unit and the second pneumatic cylinder, and the maximum pressure value when the pistons in the two cylinders move to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is regulated by the low-level pressure regulation control unit, so that the maximum pressure value is unchanged when the pistons move to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder; the cavities of the first pneumatic cylinder and the second pneumatic cylinder are also respectively connected with high-level high-pressure air of the multi-level air compression system through the high-level pressure regulation control unit, a third one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve is arranged between the high-level pressure regulation control unit and the first pneumatic cylinder, a fourth one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve is arranged between the high-level pressure regulation control unit and the second pneumatic cylinder, and the high-pressure air moment after the pistons in the two cylinders move to the upper dead points of the pneumatic cylinders are controlled by the high-level pressure regulation control unit, so that the ignition time and the combustion time of the marine engine are simulated; the multi-stage air compression system provides and maintains the required air pressure profile for the module stable;
the adjustable angle module comprises an adjustable angle flange pair which is respectively arranged at two ends of the first crank throw and the second crank throw and is used for changing the phase angle of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod;
the multifunctional shafting vibration test adapter is arranged at the other end of the crankshaft and comprises a gear disc, a short shaft, a cylindrical fixing frame, a transverse X displacement sensor, a transverse Y displacement sensor, a longitudinal displacement sensor, a first Hall sensor and a second Hall sensor which are arranged on the cylindrical fixing frame, wherein the gear disc and the short shaft are fixedly arranged on the crankshaft, and the cylindrical fixing frame is fixedly arranged on a test platform base;
the vibration sensor is fixedly arranged on the surface of the crankshaft bearing seat and is used for measuring vibration caused by abnormal matching of the crankshaft bearing and the crankshaft;
the torque controller is arranged on the crankshaft, and different load conditions on the crankshaft are simulated by setting parameters of the torque controller.
In the scheme, the first pneumatic cylinder is provided with the first pressure sensor, and the second pneumatic cylinder is provided with the second pressure sensor for collecting in-cylinder pressure signals.
In the above scheme, the first pressure sensor transmits the collected signal to the first isolation module, the second pressure sensor transmits the collected signal to the second isolation module, the signal is processed by the isolation module, the maximum pressure value when the piston moves to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is transmitted to the low-level pressure regulation control unit, and the low-level pressure regulation control unit controls whether to supplement low-level low-pressure air into the cylinder according to whether the maximum pressure value is reduced, so that the maximum pressure is kept unchanged when the piston moves to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder; meanwhile, signals are processed by the isolation module, the maximum pressure value when the piston moves to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is transmitted to the advanced pressure adjusting control unit, and the advanced pressure adjusting control unit controls the opening time and the opening duration of the third unidirectional pressure adjusting pneumatic valve and the fourth unidirectional pressure adjusting pneumatic valve according to the maximum pressure value when the piston moves to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder, so that the ignition time and the combustion time of the marine engine are simulated, and the pressure curve in the cylinder is closer to the true value.
In the above scheme, the first isolation module and the second isolation module respectively transmit out in-cylinder pressure signals so as to detect in-cylinder pressure changes.
In the scheme, the arc-shaped adjusting groove and the angle scale mark are formed in the flange pair with the adjustable angle, and the included angle between the two pneumatic cylinders is changed by quantitatively adjusting the relative angle of the flange pair, so that different included angles among cylinders of the V-shaped marine engine are simulated.
In the scheme, the system also comprises a signal acquisition and control system, wherein the signal acquisition and control system comprises an engine combustion and vibration characteristic test analysis system and a modularized micro-test platform control system; the engine combustion and vibration characteristic test analysis system comprises a multifunctional shafting vibration signal module, an in-cylinder combustion signal module, a vibration characteristic analysis module and a combustion characteristic analysis module; the modularized micro-test platform control system comprises a motor rotating speed control unit, a torque control module and a multistage air compression system pressure regulation control unit.
In the above scheme, the multifunctional shafting vibration signal module comprises shafting longitudinal displacement signals, shafting transverse X and Y displacement signals, bearing acceleration signals, top dead center signals and rotating speed signals; the in-cylinder combustion signal module comprises a cylinder pressure signal and a photoelectric encoder signal; the vibration characteristic analysis module is used for analyzing vibration characteristics and comprises an axle center track monitoring module, an axle system torsional vibration monitoring module, an axial vibration monitoring module, a bearing wear monitoring module, an axle system vibration time domain and frequency domain analysis module and an axle system vibration characteristic parameter display and analysis module; the combustion characteristic analysis module is used for analyzing combustion characteristics and comprises an indicator diagram monitoring module and a combustion characteristic parameter display and analysis module.
In the scheme, the motor rotating speed control unit controls the rotating speed of the servo motor according to the rotating speed signal measured by the photoelectric encoder; the torque control module controls shafting torque according to shafting torque signals output by the torque controller; the pressure regulation control unit of the multistage air compression system regulates and controls the pressure change in the cylinder according to the cylinder pressure signal measured by the pressure sensor.
In the above scheme, a top dead center boss is arranged on the end face of the gear disc, and the second Hall sensor is radially arranged on the opposite side of the top dead center boss along the gear disc; the first Hall sensor is arranged on the opposite side along the radial direction of the gear disc and opposite to the gear teeth.
In the scheme, the vibration sensor is arranged on the end position bearing seat close to the gear disc, and the torque controller is arranged on the crankshaft between the gear disc and the end position bearing seat.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the marine engine modularized micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics is characterized in that the overall structure of the platform is composed of four modules, namely an adjustable stroke gear module, an adjustable phase angle module, a marine engine cylinder pressure simulating module, a multifunctional shafting vibration test adapter, a torque controller and the like, and the four modules are matched with a signal acquisition and control system, so that requirements of different types of engines on combustion and vibration characteristic simulation test research can be met conveniently, and the purpose of analyzing combustion characteristics and vibration characteristics test of different types of marine engines can be achieved through modularized design on the premise of low cost, short period and high convenience in installation.
2. The invention can meet the requirements of engines with different types and characteristics (variable stroke number, variable included angle of each cylinder, variable ignition time and variable combustion time) on the simulation test research of combustion and vibration characteristics, and simultaneously provides a verification platform for the monitoring and diagnosis technical research of marine engines due to the multifunction of the characteristic simulation of the combustion module and the vibration module.
3. Through the design and development of the modularized micro-test platform, the testing principle and method of each module in the test process are highlighted, the causal relationship among the testing principle, the design, the steps and the data result analysis is conveniently displayed, the whole process of the marine engine test is reflected by the sub-modules, and the content of the marine engine test teaching is better supported and enriched.
4. The platform is modularized and miniaturized, can meet the requirement that the experiment teaching is not limited by an engine bench, and enables crowded, high-temperature, humid, high-noise and dangerous experiment environments in the original experiment teaching to be transferred into a study scene mode which is not limited by time and personal safety.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the general structural arrangement of the marine engine modular micro-test platform of the present invention based on combustion and vibration characteristics;
FIG. 2 is a front view of an adjustable angle flange pair of the marine engine modular micro-test platform of the present invention based on combustion and vibration characteristics;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an adjustable angle flange pair of the marine engine modular micro-test platform of the present invention based on combustion and vibration characteristics;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the signal acquisition and monitoring system of the marine engine modular micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics of the present invention.
In the figure: 11. a rotating shaft; 12. a servo motor; 13. a first speed change gear; 14. a photoelectric encoder; 15. a crankshaft; 151. a first bell crank; 152. a second bell crank; 16. a second speed change gear;
20. a vibration sensor;
311. a first pneumatic cylinder; 312. a second pneumatic cylinder; 321. a first pneumatic piston; 322. a second pneumatic piston; 331. a first link; 332. a second link; 341. a first one-way pressure regulating pneumatic valve; 342. a second one-way pressure regulating pneumatic valve; 343. a third one-way pressure regulating pneumatic valve; 344. a fourth one-way pressure regulating pneumatic valve; 351. a first pressure sensor; 352. a second pressure sensor; 361. a first isolation module; 362. a second isolation module; 371. a low-stage pressure regulation control unit; 372. an advanced pressure regulation control unit; 38. a multi-stage air compression system;
40. an angle-adjustable flange pair; 41. an adjustment tank;
51. a gear plate and a short shaft; 52. a cylindrical fixing frame; 53. a lateral X displacement sensor; 54. a lateral Y displacement sensor; 55. a longitudinal displacement sensor; 56. a connecting flange; 57. a top dead center boss; 58. a first hall sensor; 59. a second hall sensor;
60. a torque controller;
70. and a bearing seat.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a modular micro-test platform for a marine engine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an adjustable stroke gear module, a simulated marine engine cylinder pressure module, an adjustable phase angle module, a multi-functional shafting vibration test adapter, a vibration sensor 20, a torque controller 60, and a plurality of bearing seats 70 for supporting, wherein oil cups are mounted on the bearing seats 70.
The adjustable stroke gear module comprises a rotating shaft 11, a servo motor 12, a first variable gear 13, a crankshaft 15 and a second variable gear 16; the first variable gear 13 is installed on the rotating shaft 11, the rotating shaft 11 is connected with the servo motor 12, and is driven by the servo motor 12, and the photoelectric encoder 14 is installed on the rotating shaft 11 and used for detecting the rotating speed of the servo motor 12. The second speed-changing gear 16 is installed at one end of the crankshaft 15 and meshed with the first speed-changing gear 13, and the servo motor 12 drives the first speed-changing gear 13 to rotate so as to drive the second speed-changing gear 16 to rotate. The crankshaft 15 includes a first bell crank 151 and a second bell crank 152. The second speed change gear 16 is replaced to change the pitch circle diameter ratio of the two speed change gears, the first speed change gear 13 and the servo motor 12 can be slidably adjusted in position through the arrangement of the straight grooves, the speed ratio of the two speed change gears is further changed, the speed ratio of the pair of speed change gears is replaced, and the engine with different strokes is simulated. When the tooth speeds are equal, the speed ratio 1:1, a two-stroke engine can be simulated, and the speed ratio is 2:1, a four-stroke engine can be simulated, and the distance between the rotating shaft 11 and the crankshaft 15 needs to be adjusted during replacement.
The simulated marine engine cylinder pressure module comprises a first pneumatic cylinder 311, a second pneumatic cylinder 312, a low-stage pressure regulation control unit 371, a high-stage pressure regulation control unit 372 and a multi-stage air compression system 38. The first pneumatic piston 321 in the first pneumatic cylinder 311 is connected to the first bell crank 151 via a first link 331, and the second pneumatic piston 322 in the second pneumatic cylinder 312 is connected to the second bell crank 152 via a second link 332. The multi-stage air compression system 38 includes low-stage low-pressure air and high-stage high-pressure air. The cavities of the first pneumatic cylinder 311 and the second pneumatic cylinder 312 are respectively connected with low-level low-pressure air of the multi-level air compression system 38 through a low-level pressure regulation control unit 371, a first one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve 341 is arranged between the low-level pressure regulation control unit 371 and the first pneumatic cylinder 311, a second one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve 342 is arranged between the low-level pressure regulation control unit 371 and the second pneumatic cylinder 312, and the maximum pressure value when the two in-cylinder pistons run to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is regulated through the low-level pressure regulation control unit 371, so that the maximum pressure value is ensured to be unchanged when the pistons run to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder. The cavities of the first pneumatic cylinder 311 and the second pneumatic cylinder 312 are also respectively connected with high-grade high-pressure air of the multi-grade air compression system 38 through a high-grade pressure adjusting control unit 372, a third one-way pressure adjusting pneumatic valve 343 is arranged between the high-grade pressure adjusting control unit 372 and the first pneumatic cylinder 311, a fourth one-way pressure adjusting pneumatic valve 344 is arranged between the high-grade pressure adjusting control unit 372 and the second pneumatic cylinder 312, the high-pressure air moment and time after the two in-cylinder pistons are controlled to run to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinders by the high-grade pressure adjusting control unit 372, and the firing time and the burning time of the marine engine are simulated, so that the in-cylinder pressure curve is closer to the true value. The multi-stage air compression system 38 provides and maintains the desired air pressure profile for the module stable. The first pneumatic cylinder 311 is provided with a first pressure sensor 351, and the second pneumatic cylinder 312 is provided with a second pressure sensor 352 for acquiring in-cylinder pressure signals. The first pressure sensor 351 transmits the collected signal to the first isolation module 361, the second pressure sensor 352 transmits the collected signal to the second isolation module 362, the signal is processed by the isolation module, the maximum pressure value when the piston moves to the cylinder top dead center is transmitted to the low-level pressure adjustment control unit 371, and the low-level pressure adjustment control unit 371 controls whether to supplement low-level low-pressure air into the cylinder according to whether the maximum pressure value is reduced, so that the maximum pressure is kept unchanged when the piston moves to the cylinder top dead center. Meanwhile, the signal is processed by the isolation module, the maximum pressure value when the piston moves to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is transmitted to the advanced pressure adjusting control unit 372, and the advanced pressure adjusting control unit 372 controls the opening time and the opening duration of the third one-way pressure adjusting pneumatic valve 343 and the fourth one-way pressure adjusting pneumatic valve 344 according to the maximum pressure value when the piston moves to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder, so that the ignition time and the combustion time of the marine engine are simulated, and the in-cylinder pressure curve is more approximate to the true value. The first isolation module 361 and the second isolation module 362 also each transmit an in-cylinder pressure signal to detect changes in-cylinder pressure.
The adjustable angle module comprises an adjustable angle flange pair 40 respectively arranged at two ends of the first crank throw 151 and the second crank throw 152, and is used for changing the phase angle of the first connecting rod 331 and the second connecting rod 332, namely the phase angle of the pressure curves in two cylinders of the marine engine. As shown in fig. 2-3, an arc-shaped adjusting groove 41 and an angle scale mark are formed on the adjustable angle flange pair 40, the included angle between the two pneumatic cylinders is changed by quantitatively adjusting the relative angle of the flange pair, the adjustable angle flange pair 40 starts to be 0 degree, screws on the adjusting groove 41 on the flange pair are dismounted, the flange is rotated to a preset angle, and then the screws are used for fastening, so that the phase angle of the two connecting rods can be changed, the working phase of each cylinder of the marine engine is simulated, and the phase angle of the pressure curve in the two cylinders is changed.
The multifunctional shafting vibration testing adapter is arranged at the other end of the crankshaft 15 and comprises a gear disc, a short shaft 51, a cylindrical fixing frame 52, a transverse X displacement sensor 53, a transverse Y displacement sensor 54, a longitudinal displacement sensor 55, a first Hall sensor 58 and a second Hall sensor 59 which are arranged on the cylindrical fixing frame 52, wherein the gear disc, the short shaft 51 and the crankshaft 15 are connected with the other end of the crankshaft 15 through a connecting flange 56, and the cylindrical fixing frame 52 is fixed on a test platform base. The position of the cylindrical fixing frame 52 corresponding to the sensor is provided with a threaded hole matched with the sensor in advance, various sensors are rotatably installed to corresponding positions through threads of the sensors, the installation direction of the transverse displacement sensor is the short axis radial direction, the installation direction of the longitudinal displacement sensor is the gear disc axial direction, and the installation direction of the Hall sensor is the gear disc radial direction. The gear plate is provided with a top dead center boss 57, a second Hall sensor 59 is arranged on the opposite side of the top dead center boss 57, a gap between the second Hall sensor 59 and the top dead center boss 57 is about 1mm, and the gear plate is fixedly screwed up by a nut for detecting the instantaneous rotating speed of the gear plate. The first hall sensor 58 is mounted on the opposite side of the gear plate, and the first hall sensor 58 is spaced about 1mm from the tip circle for monitoring torsional vibrations of the gear plate. The radial clearance between the transverse X displacement sensor 53 and the transverse Y displacement sensor 54 and the short shaft is about 2mm, the clearance between the longitudinal displacement sensor 55 and the end face of the gear disc is 2mm, the transverse X displacement sensor 53 is used for monitoring the displacement condition of the crankshaft 15 in the X direction (the vertical direction is perpendicular to the axis), the transverse Y displacement sensor 54 is used for monitoring the displacement condition of the crankshaft 15 in the Y direction (the horizontal direction is perpendicular to the axis), the axial center track of the crankshaft 15 can be obtained by combining the two data, and the longitudinal displacement sensor 55 is used for monitoring the axial displacement of the crankshaft 15.
The vibration sensor 20 and the torque controller 60 are both installed on the crankshaft 15, wherein the vibration sensor 20 is installed on an end bearing seat 70 close to the gear disc, and is used for measuring vibration caused by abnormal matching of the crankshaft bearing and the crankshaft. The torque controller 60 is installed on the crankshaft 15 between the connecting flange 56 and the end bearing seat 70, and by setting parameters of the torque controller 60, different load conditions on the crankshaft 15 can be simulated, and the output and working conditions of the power of the servo motor 12 can be controlled, so that the combustion and vibration characteristics of the marine engine can be simulated.
In use, the appropriate gear pair (first and second ratio gears 13, 16) is replaced, the four adjustable angle flange pairs 40 are adjusted, and the phase angle between the two links is adjusted. The servo motor 12 is started, the rotation speed of the servo motor 12 is detected through the photoelectric encoder 14, the multi-stage air compression system 38, the low-stage pressure regulation control unit 371 and the high-stage pressure regulation control unit 372 are opened, the pressure changes in the two pneumatic cylinders are regulated, and different engine working conditions are simulated. The torque controller 60 is adjusted to simulate a load condition. The rotation speed change, displacement, and axial displacement of the crankshaft 15 under a specific load are detected by two hall sensors and three displacement sensors.
As shown in fig. 4, the marine engine modularized micro-test platform based on the combustion and vibration characteristics further comprises a signal acquisition and control system, wherein the signal acquisition and control system comprises an engine combustion and vibration characteristic test analysis system and a modularized micro-test platform control system.
The engine combustion and vibration characteristic test analysis system comprises a multifunctional shafting vibration signal module, an in-cylinder combustion signal module, a vibration characteristic analysis module and a combustion characteristic analysis module. The multifunctional shafting vibration signal module comprises shafting longitudinal displacement signals, shafting transverse X and Y displacement signals, bearing acceleration signals (collected by the vibration sensor 20), top dead center signals and rotating speed signals; the in-cylinder combustion signal module comprises a cylinder pressure signal and a photoelectric encoder signal; the vibration characteristic analysis module is used for analyzing vibration characteristics and comprises an axle center track monitoring module, an axle system torsional vibration monitoring module, an axial vibration monitoring module, a bearing wear monitoring module, an axle system vibration time domain and frequency domain analysis module and an axle system vibration characteristic parameter display and analysis module; the combustion characteristic analysis module is used for analyzing combustion characteristics and comprises an indicator diagram monitoring module and a combustion characteristic parameter display and analysis module. The engine combustion and vibration characteristic test analysis system is used for detecting the axial track, the axial torsional vibration, the axial vibration and the bearing abrasion and analyzing the axial vibration time domain, the frequency domain and the axial vibration characteristic parameters through the transmission of the axial longitudinal displacement signal, the axial transverse X and Y displacement signals, the bearing acceleration signal, the top dead center signal, the rotating speed signal, the cylinder pressure signal and the encoder signal, so as to complete the analysis of the vibration characteristic, the detection of the indicator diagram and the analysis of the combustion characteristic parameters.
The modularized micro-test platform control system comprises a motor rotating speed control unit, a torque control module and a multistage air compression system pressure regulation control unit. Wherein, the motor rotation speed control unit controls the rotation speed of the servo motor 12 according to the rotation speed signal measured by the photoelectric encoder 14; the torque control module controls shafting torque according to shafting torque signals output by the torque controller 60; the pressure regulation control unit of the multistage air compression system controls the change of the in-cylinder pressure according to the cylinder pressure signal measured by the pressure sensor. And the modularized micro-test platform control system further realizes the control of the motor rotation speed, the pressure regulating unit of the multi-stage air compression system and the torque through the transmission of the rotation speed signal, the cylinder pressure signal and the shafting torque signal.
The modularized micro test platform for the marine engine based on the combustion and vibration characteristics is detachably arranged on a small test platform base, is built with low cost and short period, and can be increased, decreased or replaced.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims, which are to be protected by the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The marine engine modularized micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics is characterized by comprising an adjustable stroke gear module, a marine engine cylinder pressure simulation module, an adjustable phase angle module, a multifunctional shafting vibration test adapter, a vibration sensor and a torque controller;
the stroke-adjustable gear module comprises a rotating shaft, a servo motor, a first speed change gear, a crankshaft and a second speed change gear; the first speed change gear is arranged on a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with a servo motor and driven by the servo motor, and a photoelectric encoder is arranged on the rotating shaft; the second speed change gear is arranged at one end of the crankshaft and meshed with the first speed change gear; changing the reference circle diameter ratio of the two speed change gears by changing the second speed change gear, thereby changing the rotation speed ratio of the two speed change gears; the crankshaft comprises a first crank throw and a second crank throw;
the simulated marine engine cylinder pressure module comprises a first pneumatic cylinder, a second pneumatic cylinder, a low-stage pressure regulation control unit, a high-stage pressure regulation control unit and a multi-stage air compression system; the first pneumatic piston in the first pneumatic cylinder is connected with the first crank throw through a first connecting rod, and the second pneumatic piston in the second pneumatic cylinder is connected with the second crank throw through a second connecting rod; the multi-stage air compression system comprises low-stage low-pressure air and high-stage high-pressure air; the cavity bodies of the first pneumatic cylinder and the second pneumatic cylinder are respectively connected with low-level low-pressure air of the multi-level air compression system through the low-level pressure regulation control unit, a first one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve is arranged between the low-level pressure regulation control unit and the first pneumatic cylinder, a second one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve is arranged between the low-level pressure regulation control unit and the second pneumatic cylinder, and the maximum pressure value when the pistons in the two cylinders move to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is regulated by the low-level pressure regulation control unit, so that the maximum pressure value is unchanged when the pistons move to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder; the cavities of the first pneumatic cylinder and the second pneumatic cylinder are also respectively connected with high-level high-pressure air of the multi-level air compression system through the high-level pressure regulation control unit, a third one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve is arranged between the high-level pressure regulation control unit and the first pneumatic cylinder, a fourth one-way pressure regulation pneumatic valve is arranged between the high-level pressure regulation control unit and the second pneumatic cylinder, and the high-pressure air moment after the pistons in the two cylinders move to the upper dead points of the pneumatic cylinders are controlled by the high-level pressure regulation control unit, so that the ignition time and the combustion time of the marine engine are simulated; the multi-stage air compression system provides and maintains the required air pressure profile for the module stable;
the adjustable angle module comprises an adjustable angle flange pair which is respectively arranged at two ends of the first crank throw and the second crank throw and is used for changing the phase angle of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod;
the multifunctional shafting vibration test adapter is arranged at the other end of the crankshaft and comprises a gear disc, a short shaft, a cylindrical fixing frame, a transverse X displacement sensor, a transverse Y displacement sensor, a longitudinal displacement sensor, a first Hall sensor and a second Hall sensor which are arranged on the cylindrical fixing frame, wherein the gear disc and the short shaft are fixedly arranged on the crankshaft, and the cylindrical fixing frame is fixedly arranged on a test platform base;
the vibration sensor is fixedly arranged on the surface of the crankshaft bearing seat and is used for measuring vibration caused by abnormal matching of the crankshaft bearing and the crankshaft;
the torque controller is arranged on the crankshaft, and different load conditions on the crankshaft are simulated by setting parameters of the torque controller;
the first pneumatic cylinder is provided with a first pressure sensor, and the second pneumatic cylinder is provided with a second pressure sensor for acquiring a pressure signal in the cylinder;
the first pressure sensor transmits the acquired signal to the first isolation module, the second pressure sensor transmits the acquired signal to the second isolation module, the signal is processed by the isolation module, the maximum pressure value when the piston moves to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is transmitted to the low-level pressure regulation control unit, and the low-level pressure regulation control unit controls whether to supplement low-level low-pressure air into the cylinder according to whether the maximum pressure value is reduced or not, so that the maximum pressure is kept unchanged when the piston moves to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder; meanwhile, signals are processed by the isolation module, the maximum pressure value when the piston moves to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder is transmitted to the advanced pressure adjusting control unit, and the advanced pressure adjusting control unit controls the opening time and the opening duration of the third unidirectional pressure adjusting pneumatic valve and the fourth unidirectional pressure adjusting pneumatic valve according to the maximum pressure value when the piston moves to the top dead center of the pneumatic cylinder, so that the ignition time and the combustion time of the marine engine are simulated, and the pressure curve in the cylinder is closer to the true value.
2. The marine engine modular micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics of claim 1, wherein the first and second isolation modules further communicate out in-cylinder pressure signals, respectively, to detect in-cylinder pressure changes.
3. The marine engine modular micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the adjustable angle flange pair is provided with an arc-shaped adjusting groove and an angle scale mark, and the angle between the two pneumatic cylinders is changed by quantitatively adjusting the relative angle of the flange pair, so that different angles between the cylinders of the V-shaped marine engine are simulated.
4. The marine engine modular micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics of claim 1, further comprising a signal acquisition and control system comprising an engine combustion and vibration characteristics test analysis system and a modular micro-test platform control system; the engine combustion and vibration characteristic test analysis system comprises a multifunctional shafting vibration signal module, an in-cylinder combustion signal module, a vibration characteristic analysis module and a combustion characteristic analysis module; the modularized micro-test platform control system comprises a motor rotating speed control unit, a torque control module and a multistage air compression system pressure regulation control unit.
5. The marine engine modular micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics of claim 4, wherein the multifunctional shafting vibration signal module comprises shafting longitudinal displacement signals, shafting transverse X and Y displacement signals, bearing acceleration signals, top dead center signals and rotation speed signals; the in-cylinder combustion signal module comprises a cylinder pressure signal and a photoelectric encoder signal; the vibration characteristic analysis module is used for analyzing vibration characteristics and comprises an axle center track monitoring module, an axle system torsional vibration monitoring module, an axial vibration monitoring module, a bearing wear monitoring module, an axle system vibration time domain and frequency domain analysis module and an axle system vibration characteristic parameter display and analysis module; the combustion characteristic analysis module is used for analyzing combustion characteristics and comprises an indicator diagram monitoring module and a combustion characteristic parameter display and analysis module.
6. The marine engine modular micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics according to claim 5, wherein the motor rotation speed control unit controls the servo motor rotation speed according to the rotation speed signal measured by the photoelectric encoder; the torque control module controls shafting torque according to shafting torque signals output by the torque controller; the pressure regulation control unit of the multistage air compression system regulates and controls the pressure change in the cylinder according to the cylinder pressure signal measured by the pressure sensor.
7. The marine engine modularized micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics according to claim 1, wherein a top dead center boss is arranged on the end face of the gear disc, and the second hall sensor is arranged on the opposite side of the top dead center boss along the radial direction of the gear disc; the first Hall sensor is arranged on the opposite side along the radial direction of the gear disc and opposite to the gear teeth.
8. The marine engine modular micro-test platform based on combustion and vibration characteristics of claim 1, wherein the vibration sensor is mounted on an end bearing housing near the gear plate and the torque controller is mounted on a crankshaft between the gear plate and the end bearing housing.
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| CN112557026A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-03-26 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Simulation driving method, simulation load method and engine gear test system |
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| JP2013083489A (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2013-05-09 | Daihatsu Diesel Mfg Co Ltd | Sensor unit for internal combustion engines and status monitoring device for internal combustion engines |
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