CN115822604B - Cobalt-rich crust exploitation system and method for carbon dioxide jet flow manufacturing temperature difference effect - Google Patents
Cobalt-rich crust exploitation system and method for carbon dioxide jet flow manufacturing temperature difference effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cobalt-rich crust exploitation system and method for manufacturing a temperature difference effect by carbon dioxide jet, and relates to the technical field of deep sea seabed cobalt-rich crust exploitation. The system comprises an air source providing system, a transportation system and a cobalt-rich crust collecting system; the cobalt-rich crust collecting system comprises a walking device, a relay device, a heating fluid preparation device, a cooling fluid preparation device, a carbon dioxide fluid preparation device and a collecting head jet flow collecting device, wherein high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide is sprayed out through a first jet flow head, porous medium rock mass with obvious pore development such as cobalt-rich crust can be uniformly infiltrated under the action of pressure, so that the porous medium rock mass is heated to expand, high-pressure low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide with high-hardness sand and dry ice fragments is sprayed at a second jet flow head, the cobalt-rich crust temperature suddenly drops to form cracks, the cracks are stripped and broken under the impact of the high-pressure carbon dioxide and the high-hardness sand, and broken ore is sucked away along with a middle suction pipeline to finish stripping, breaking and collecting of the cobalt-rich crust.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deep sea seabed cobalt-rich crust exploitation, in particular to a cobalt-rich crust exploitation system and method for manufacturing a temperature difference effect by carbon dioxide jet flow.
Background
The cobalt-rich crust is rich in cobalt, nickel, zinc, lead, cerium, platinum and other metals, the cobalt content of the cobalt-rich crust can reach tens of times of that of land primary cobalt ore, the average platinum content of the cobalt-rich crust is 80 times of that of land primary cobalt ore, and the cobalt-rich crust has extremely high exploitation value. The cobalt-rich crust mainly exists on sea mountains and island slopes with the water depth of 800-3000 m, the environmental water depth is about 8-30 Mpa, mining site general investigation data of western Pacific sea mountains (including Mahulen sea mountains, ma Kusi sea ridges, weichenhai mountains, ma Shaoer sea mountain chains and Enlaihai mountain chains) in the crust-enriched area with the most exploitation prospect is that the upper boundary of the ore body on the sea mountains penetrates through a porous insect development field, the lower boundary of the ore body is formed by clay and silt development fields, 50-65% of crust bedrock is basalt, volcanic clastic rock and limestone, and the small part of the crust bedrock is formed by breccia clay and silt. It follows that exploitation of cobalt-rich crust is required to face the difficulty of stripping the cobalt-rich crust from harder or softer bedrock whilst minimising damage to the bedrock.
The research reports on the exploitation of the cobalt-rich crust on the seabed at present mainly comprise:
CN103551231B discloses a pulse crushing mechanism, a seabed cobalt-rich crust crushing system and a crushing method, wherein the pulse crushing mechanism comprises a mounting plate and a plurality of groups of pulse electrodes which are arranged in pairs and are arranged on the mounting plate; each group of pulse electrodes comprises a positive electrode and a grounding electrode; the pulse electrode is connected with a pulse power supply through a cable; the pulse electrode comprises an electrode body and an insulator wrapping the electrode body, and the tip part of the electrode body extends out from the bottom of the insulator; the middle section of the insulator is provided with a flange, and the pulse electrode is arranged in a mounting hole with a limiting step in the mounting plate; the upper end of the mounting hole is provided with a threaded through cover, and a spring is arranged between the threaded through cover and the flange.
CN214062951U discloses a submarine crusted ore body crushing device, which comprises a cutting device, a hydraulic impact device, a traveling device and a submarine repeater; the walking device can walk on the sea floor, and the cutting device and the hydraulic impact device are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the walking device; the cutting device and the hydraulic impact device are respectively used for cutting and partitioning and impacting and crushing ore bodies, the running device is connected with the submarine repeater through a power supply and communication cable, the submarine repeater is provided with a cable supply winch, and the power supply and communication cable is wound on the cable supply winch.
CN110454166a discloses a mining head for cobalt-rich crusting of submarine mineral resources for cutting and collecting cobalt-rich crusting lamellar ores in the deep sea. The mining head mainly comprises a hydraulic collecting mechanism, a mounting disc, a hydraulic damper, a cutter head mounting journal and a bearing system. The mining head is arranged on a submarine operation vehicle, and the operation vehicle drives the mining head to move. The hydraulic motor drives the installation coil to rotate around the central shaft, the three rotary cutters rotate around the central shaft of the installation coil, the crust is cut by utilizing a high-speed rotating speed to separate the crust from the bedrock, and the three cutter heads are matched to rotate to concentrate the peeled crust blocks at the central position of the mining head; the hydraulic collecting mechanism generates negative pressure, and the crusting blocks are sucked into the bin of the hydraulic collecting mechanism along with water flow, so that the hydraulic collecting mechanism has the characteristics of high ore collecting efficiency, sensitive micro-topography and the like.
In the prior art, in the pulse crushing mechanism, the seabed cobalt-rich crust crushing system and the crushing method disclosed in CN103551231B, a rock crushing method mainly using an electromagnetic pulse technology is adopted, the method relates to a complex circuit, the electrical equipment has very high pressure resistance and sealing performance requirements in a deep sea environment, continuous rock crushing cannot be realized because of charging and discharging, the efficiency is affected, and the service life problem of the charging and discharging equipment is difficult to solve; in the submarine crusted ore body crushing equipment disclosed in CN214062951U, a mechanical cutting and hydraulic impact rock breaking acquisition method is mainly utilized, and the submarine crusted ore body crushing equipment has the advantages of mature technology and simple structure, but under a deep sea high-salt environment, metal parts are easy to corrode and have poor durability, and a large amount of micron-sized dust particles and noise can be generated in the cutting process to form plume diffusion so as to influence the submarine ecological environment; in the mining head of the cobalt-rich crust of the submarine mineral resource disclosed in CN110454166A, a method combining mechanical cutting and hydraulic acquisition technology is mainly adopted, the method reduces the use of metal parts to a certain extent, and hydraulic power is utilized to replace the metal parts, but the problem that the mechanical part is easily blocked by submarine foreign matters to cause faults exists, and meanwhile, the impact force of hydraulic acquisition is greatly reduced in a deep sea high-pressure immersion environment.
In summary, the above-mentioned methods in the prior art are difficult to solve the problems of crushing, stripping and collecting cobalt-rich crust from bedrock.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cobalt-rich crust mining system with a temperature difference effect produced by carbon dioxide jet flow, which utilizes a rock temperature effect principle to realize efficient and green stripping, crushing and collecting of the cobalt-rich crust on the seabed through carbon dioxide jet flows in different states.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the cobalt-rich crust exploitation system for carbon dioxide jet flow manufacturing temperature difference effect comprises an air source providing system, a transportation system and a cobalt-rich crust acquisition system positioned on the deep sea bottom, wherein the air source providing system is connected with the transportation system;
the cobalt-rich crust collecting system comprises a walking device, a relay device, a heating fluid preparation device, a cooling fluid preparation device, a carbon dioxide fluid preparation device and a collecting head jet collecting device, wherein the relay device is arranged on the walking device and is connected with the conveying system, carbon dioxide is conveyed and temporarily stored in the relay device through the conveying system, and the pressure of the carbon dioxide of the relay device is not less than 7.3MPa;
the relay device is respectively connected with the heating fluid preparation device, the cooling fluid preparation device and the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device; the collecting head jet flow collecting device comprises a first jet flow head, a second jet flow head, a mixing chamber and a suction pipe, wherein the first jet flow head and the second jet flow head are respectively positioned at one end of the collecting head jet flow collecting device, the first jet flow head is arranged in front of the second jet flow head, and the mixing chamber is positioned at the rear end of the second jet flow head;
the heating fluid preparation device is used for heating the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device to reach the condition of supercritical carbon dioxide formation, then continuously heating the carbon dioxide, and sending high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide at the heating temperature into the first jet head to be ejected from the first jet head;
the cooling fluid preparation device is used for mixing the high-hardness sand with the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, forming solid dry ice by condensing to below-56.6 ℃, crushing the solid dry ice into particles, and then sending the particles into the mixing chamber;
the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device is used for pressurizing the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device to more than 7.37MPa to form high-density liquid carbon dioxide, and sending the high-density liquid carbon dioxide into the mixing chamber;
the low-temperature fluid and the high-pressure jet fluid in the mixing chamber are mixed and then quickly fed into the second jet head, and are ejected from the second jet head;
the suction pipe is used for collecting the crushed cobalt-rich crust.
The technical scheme directly brings the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the cobalt-rich crust collecting system, the relay device, the heating fluid preparation device, the cooling fluid preparation device, the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device and the collecting head jet collecting device which are arranged on the walking device are matched together, so that efficient green collection of the seabed cobalt-rich crust can be achieved. Specific: the first jet head of the jet flow collecting device of the collecting head is used for jetting out high-pressure high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide obtained by the heating fluid preparing device, and the carbon dioxide in the state has extremely strong permeability due to extremely small viscosity, so that the porous medium rock mass with obvious pore development such as cobalt-rich crust can be uniformly infiltrated under the action of pressure, and the porous medium rock mass is heated to generate expansion; the second jet flow head of the jet flow collecting device of the collecting head is used for jetting high-pressure low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide with high-hardness sand and dry ice chips, the cobalt-rich crust is heated and cooled alternately along with the advancing of the walking device, temperature stress is generated inside, cracks are broken by germination, the cobalt-rich crust can be peeled and broken under the high-pressure impact of the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide wrapped with the high-hardness sand abrasive, broken ore is sucked away along with the middle suction pipe, and peeling, breaking and collecting of the cobalt-rich crust are completed.
In summary, the technical scheme mainly utilizes the high temperature property and high permeability of supercritical carbon dioxide, the low temperature property of dry ice, and the different expansion and contraction characteristics of cobalt-rich crust and bedrock, adopts expansion and contraction to crack the cobalt-rich crust through the first jet head, and then adopts abrasive impact through the second jet head, thereby achieving the effect of accurate stripping, and being suitable for deep sea environment.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the relay device includes a relay storage tank and a pressurizing mechanism for pressurizing carbon dioxide transported from the transportation system.
In the above technical scheme, when the carbon dioxide reaches the relay device in the deep sea through the transportation system, the gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into liquid carbon dioxide, so that the liquid carbon dioxide is pressurized by arranging the pressurizing mechanism, the carbon dioxide pressure is not less than 7.3MPa, and then the carbon dioxide reaching the pressure condition is temporarily stored for standby through the relay device.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heating fluid preparation device includes a first conveying pipeline, a first unidirectional control valve, a heating chamber and a second unidirectional control valve, one end of the first conveying pipeline is connected to the first outlet of the relay storage tank, the other end of the first conveying pipeline is connected to the first jet head, the first unidirectional control valve and the second unidirectional control valve are respectively disposed on the first conveying pipeline near the relay storage tank and the first jet head, the heating chamber is located between the first unidirectional control valve and the second unidirectional control valve, the heating chamber is heated to a temperature of 31.1 ℃ to form a condition of formation of supercritical carbon dioxide, and then the heating chamber is continuously heated to a temperature of 65-75 ℃.
In the above technical scheme, the purpose of the heating fluid preparation device is to obtain high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide, when the temperature is higher than 31.1 ℃ and the pressure is higher than 7.3Mpa, the carbon dioxide enters a supercritical state, the carbon dioxide stored in the relay device and having the pressure higher than 7.3Mpa is heated through the heating chamber, and after reaching the supercritical state, the heating is continued until the temperature is 65-75 ℃ so as to form the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide.
Further, the cooling fluid preparation device comprises a conveying pipeline II, a one-way control valve III, a high-hardness sand mixing chamber, a cooling solidification chamber and a crushing chamber, one end of the conveying pipeline II is connected with the outlet II of the relay storage tank, the other end of the conveying pipeline II is connected with the mixing chamber, the one-way control valve III is arranged on the conveying pipeline II close to one side of the relay storage tank, the high-hardness sand mixing chamber, the cooling solidification chamber and the crushing chamber are sequentially arranged side by side, the high-hardness sand mixing chamber is arranged on one side close to the one-way control valve III, and the crushing chamber is arranged on one side close to the mixing chamber.
Further, the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device comprises a conveying pipeline III, a one-way control valve IV, a carbon dioxide pressurizing chamber and a one-way control valve V, one end of the conveying pipeline III is connected with an outlet III of the relay storage tank, the other end of the conveying pipeline III is connected with the mixing chamber, the one-way control valve IV and the one-way control valve V are connected to the conveying pipeline III, and the carbon dioxide pressurizing chamber is arranged between the one-way control valve IV and the one-way control valve V.
Further, the suction pipe is also connected with a suction pump, and the broken cobalt-rich crust is collected by the suction generated by the suction pump.
Further, the transportation system comprises a transportation pipeline, the transportation pipeline comprises a pipeline body, an umbilical cable is inserted into the pipeline body, and the umbilical cable is fixed at the central position of the pipeline body through a damping fixing device; the pipeline body is made of stretch-proof materials.
Further, the Mohs hardness of the high-hardness sand is more than 7, and the high-hardness sand is selected from silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or garnet with the granularity of 60-150 meshes.
Further, the walking device is a submarine mine car, and the relay device is arranged at the tail part of the submarine mine car; the first jet flow head and the second jet flow head are arranged in a staggered mode, and jet flow targets of the first jet flow head and the second jet flow head are different targets.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for mining cobalt-rich crust with temperature difference effect by carbon dioxide jet, comprising the following steps:
s1, an air source providing system provides carbon dioxide for a relay device through the transportation system, when gaseous carbon dioxide provided by the air source providing system reaches the relay device located in the deep sea, the gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into liquid carbon dioxide, the liquid carbon dioxide is pressurized, and the carbon dioxide pressure is ensured to be equal to or greater than 7.3MPa; temporarily storing the carbon dioxide reaching the pressure condition through a relay device;
s2, carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a heating fluid preparation device and is further heated, after the formation condition of supercritical carbon dioxide is higher than 31 ℃, the carbon dioxide is continuously heated for a period of time to 65-75 ℃ to form high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide, the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide is sent into the first jet head, and the first jet head jets out to heat cobalt-rich crusts;
s3, carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a cooling fluid preparation device, is mixed with a hard sand grinding material after being cooled, is condensed to below-56.6 ℃ to prepare dry ice doped with the hard sand, and then the dry ice doped with the hard sand is crushed into particles and is sent into a mixing chamber;
s4, carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a carbon dioxide fluid preparation device, is pressurized to be more than 7.37MPa to form high-density liquid carbon dioxide, and is sent into the mixing chamber; mixing with dry ice doped with hard sand in the step S3;
and S5, spraying high-pressure low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide with hard sand and dry ice particles obtained in the mixing chamber from the second jet head, heating and cooling alternately along with the advancing of the walking device, generating temperature stress inside, initiating and destroying cracks, stripping and crushing the cobalt-rich crust under the high-pressure impact of the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide wrapped with the hard sand abrasive, and sucking the crushed cobalt-rich crust from the suction pipe to finish stripping, crushing and collecting the cobalt-rich crust.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) The method for crushing and stripping the cobalt-rich crust utilizes the characteristics of different porosities and different thermal expansion rates of the cobalt-rich crust and the bedrock, and the stripping method has small damage to the bedrock and does not need to set a cutting height control system.
(2) The cobalt-rich crust is internally cracked through cold and hot alternation, and the stripping and crushing mode of abrasive fluid impact is adopted, so that the crushed size of the tuberculosis is larger, the weight of the abrasive grain size is large, the abrasive grain size is easy to settle, fine grain size particles cannot be generated in the crushing process, and the pollution to the submarine environment caused by plume cannot be formed.
(3) The umbilical cable is wrapped in the carbon dioxide conveying pipeline, carbon dioxide is inert gas, so that the umbilical cable can be protected, corrosion of seawater to the umbilical cable is reduced, the risk of umbilical cable fracture or electric leakage is reduced, and meanwhile the umbilical cable can be cooled.
(4) The hard sand is used as an abrasive and is mixed with carbon dioxide to prepare dry ice, the hard sand can be used as a condensation nucleus, the carbon dioxide solidification temperature is reduced, and compared with pure carbon dioxide, the dry ice is prepared by using pure carbon dioxide, the energy is saved.
(5) The jet medium adopts carbon dioxide, and fully utilizes the characteristics of carbon dioxide in different states: the characteristics of high temperature, low viscosity and high permeability of the supercritical carbon dioxide can heat the cobalt-rich crust rich in pores better; the high-density carbon dioxide is higher than water density, provides larger impact force and the characteristic of low temperature of dry ice, and most of the carbon dioxide can be reserved on the sea bottom in the form of carbon lakes and hydrates, so that the carbon dioxide is sealed.
(6) For some rocks with low density and low pore development, obvious crack damage can be generated by the temperature difference of 70 ℃, different rocks have different thermal expansion coefficients, and the temperature difference effect is also different. The invention uses the characteristic to form a temperature difference of more than 70 ℃ and can crack and peel the cobalt-rich crust.
In conclusion, the invention can realize efficient and green stripping, crushing and collecting of the cobalt-rich crust on the seabed by utilizing the rock temperature effect principle and through carbon dioxide jet flows in different states. The mining system can actively adapt to the thickness change of the crust, reduce the damage to bedrock and the environmental influence of dust and dust, directly seal the carbon dioxide tail gas in deep sea, realize carbon sealing and have the characteristics of high efficiency and environmental protection.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a cobalt-rich crust mining method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a cobalt-rich crusting exploitation system for producing a temperature difference effect by carbon dioxide jet flow;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transport pipeline in the transport system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a cobalt-rich crusting mining system for producing a temperature difference effect by carbon dioxide jet flow;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a crushing and stripping of a crust using the mining system of the present invention;
in the figure:
1. the device comprises a transportation system, 11, an air source providing system, 12, a transportation pipeline, 121, a pipeline body, 122, an umbilical cable, 123, a damping fixing device, 13, a relay device, 131, a pressurizing mechanism, 132, a relay storage tank, 2, a heating fluid preparing device, 21, a conveying pipeline I, 22, a one-way control valve I, 23, a heating chamber, 24, a one-way control valve II, 3, a cooling fluid preparing device, 31, a conveying pipeline II, 32, a one-way control valve III, 33, a high-hardness sand mixing chamber, 34, a cooling solidification chamber, 35, a crushing chamber, 4, a carbon dioxide fluid preparing device, 41, a conveying pipeline III, 42, a one-way control valve IV, 43, a carbon dioxide pressurizing chamber, 44, a one-way control valve V, 5, a collecting head jet collecting device, 51, a first jet head, 52, a mixing chamber, 53, a suction pipe, 531 and a suction pump.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cobalt-rich crust exploitation system and a cobalt-rich crust exploitation method for manufacturing a temperature difference effect by carbon dioxide jet flow, and in order to make the advantages and the technical scheme of the invention clearer and more definite, the invention is further described below by combining a specific embodiment.
The term "high temperature supercritical carbon dioxide" as used herein refers to supercritical carbon dioxide having a temperature of 65 to 75 ℃.
"high hardness sand" means: the Mohs hardness is more than 7, such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or garnet with the granularity of 60-150 meshes is selected.
The high-pressure jet fluid is pressurized by a pressurizing device to form high-density liquid carbon dioxide, and the pressure is more than 7.37 MPa.
The low-temperature fluid is a fluid with the temperature of minus 30 to minus 50 ℃, and is a mixed fluid formed by wrapping solid dry ice and sand particles by using high-pressure high-density carbon dioxide fluid and using pressure.
The pressure of carbon dioxide in the relay device referred to herein is equal to or greater than 7.3MPa, which means the absolute pressure.
The invention mainly utilizes the rock temperature effect principle, can realize the efficient and green stripping, crushing and collecting of the cobalt-rich crust on the seabed through carbon dioxide jet flows in different states, and needs to be emphasized that the application scene of the technical scheme is in a deep sea environment, and supercritical carbon dioxide is lighter than water medium, so that the supercritical carbon dioxide is not suitable for being impacted by carbon dioxide alone, thus great energy consumption can be generated, and the technical problem to be solved by the application cannot be solved.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, the cobalt-rich crust mining system for carbon dioxide jet flow manufacturing temperature difference effect comprises an air source providing system 11, a conveying system 1 and a cobalt-rich crust collecting system positioned on the deep sea bottom.
Wherein: the gas supply system 11 is connected to a transportation system, the gas supply system 11 for example using a gas supply device located at the sea surface, which provides a source of carbon dioxide in the form of released storage or transportation directly from land.
The transportation system 1 is mainly used for conveying gaseous carbon dioxide provided by the air source providing system to the cobalt-rich crust collecting system positioned on the deep sea bottom, the transportation system 1 comprises a transportation pipeline 12, as shown in fig. 3, the transportation pipeline comprises a pipeline body 121, the pipeline body 121 is made of a stronger stretch-resistant material, an umbilical cable 122 is inserted in the middle of the pipeline body 121, and the umbilical cable 122 is fixed at the central position of the pipeline body through a damping fixing device 123, so that friction between the two transportation pipelines caused by movement of the transportation pipeline is avoided.
The cobalt-rich crust collecting system comprises a walking device, a relay device 13, a heating fluid preparation device 2, a cooling fluid preparation device 3, a carbon dioxide fluid preparation device 4 and a collecting head jet flow collecting device 5.
The walking device is a movable submarine mine car, and the relay device 13, the heating fluid preparation device 2, the cooling fluid preparation device 3, the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device 4 and the collecting head jet flow collecting device 5 are all arranged on the submarine mine car so as to realize exploitation of submarine minerals, and the structure of the submarine mine car can be realized by referring to the prior art.
The relay device 13 is installed at the tail end of the submarine mine car, and is connected with a transportation system, and carbon dioxide is transported and temporarily stored in the relay device through the transportation system, wherein the pressure of the carbon dioxide of the relay device is not less than 7.3MPa.
As shown in fig. 4, the relay device includes a pressurizing mechanism 131 and a relay storage tank 132, and when the carbon dioxide reaches the deep sea, the carbon dioxide is already in a liquid state due to the deep sea pressure and temperature, the pressurizing mechanism 131 is used for pressurizing the carbon dioxide transported by the transportation system, the pressure is ensured to be 7.3MPa or more by the pressurizing, and the carbon dioxide is temporarily stored by the relay storage tank 132. The relay storage tank 132 is provided with three outlets, namely a first outlet, a second outlet and a third outlet, wherein the three outlets are respectively connected with a first conveying pipeline 21, a second conveying pipeline 31 and a third conveying pipeline 41 which are parallel, one end of the first conveying pipeline 21 is connected with the first outlet of the relay storage tank, the other end of the first conveying pipeline is connected with the first jet head 51, a first one-way control valve 22, a heating chamber 23 and a second one-way control valve 24 are respectively arranged on the first conveying pipeline, which is close to the relay storage tank and one side of the first jet head, the first one-way control valve and the second one-way control valve are respectively arranged on the first conveying pipeline, the heating chamber is arranged between the first one-way control valve and the second one-way control valve, a condition of supercritical carbon dioxide formation is formed when the heating chamber is heated to a temperature of 31 ℃, and then the condition of supercritical carbon dioxide formation is continuously heated to a temperature of 65-75 ℃ so as to form high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide.
The first conveying pipeline 21, the first one-way control valve 22, the heating chamber 23 and the second one-way control valve 24 together form a heating fluid preparation device, high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide is formed by heating the heating chamber, and the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide flows to the first jet head 51 through the second one-way control valve 24.
The cooling fluid preparation device is used for mixing the high-hardness sand with the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, forming solid dry ice by condensing to below-56.6 ℃, crushing the solid dry ice into particles, and then sending the particles into the mixing chamber; the cooling fluid preparation device comprises a conveying pipeline II 31, a one-way control valve III 32, a high-hardness sand mixing chamber 33, a cooling solidification chamber 34 and a crushing chamber 35, wherein one end of the conveying pipeline II is connected to the outlet II of the relay storage tank, the other end of the conveying pipeline II is connected to the mixing chamber, the one-way control valve III is arranged on the conveying pipeline II which is close to one side of the relay storage tank, the high-hardness sand mixing chamber, the cooling solidification chamber and the crushing chamber are sequentially arranged side by side, the high-hardness sand mixing chamber is on one side which is close to the one-way control valve III, and the crushing chamber is on one side which is close to the mixing chamber.
Carbon dioxide entering the cooling fluid preparation device flows through the third one-way control valve 32 through the second conveying pipeline 31, enters the carbon dioxide and high-hardness sand mixing chamber 33, is mixed with high-hardness sand, enters the cooling solidification chamber 34 to be solidified into solid dry ice, enters the crushing chamber 35 to be crushed into particles, and flows to the mixing chamber 52 of the collecting head jet flow collecting device 5.
The carbon dioxide fluid preparation device is used for pressurizing the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device to more than 7.37MPa to form high-density liquid carbon dioxide, and sending the high-density liquid carbon dioxide into the mixing chamber; the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device comprises a conveying pipeline III 41, a one-way control valve IV 42, a carbon dioxide pressurizing chamber 43 and a one-way control valve V44, one end of the conveying pipeline III is connected to an outlet III of the relay storage tank, the other end of the conveying pipeline III is connected to the mixing chamber 52, the one-way control valve IV and the one-way control valve V are connected to the conveying pipeline III, and the carbon dioxide pressurizing chamber is arranged between the one-way control valve IV and the one-way control valve V. Carbon dioxide entering the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device flows through a third conveying pipeline 41, flows through a fourth unidirectional control valve 42 and enters a carbon dioxide pressurizing chamber 43 to be pressurized and form high-density liquid carbon dioxide, flows through a fifth unidirectional control valve 44 and flows to a mixing chamber 52 of the collecting head jet flow collecting device 5.
The collecting head jet flow collecting device 5 comprises a first jet flow head 51, a mixing chamber 52, a suction pipe 53 and a suction pump 531, wherein the first jet flow head 51 is connected with a heating fluid preparation device, high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide is sprayed to heat mineral cobalt-rich crust, the mixing chamber 52 is located at the rear end of a second jet flow head, the mixing chamber is connected with a cooling fluid preparation device and a carbon dioxide fluid preparation device, high-density liquid carbon dioxide mixed with dry ice and high-hardness sand abrasive is sprayed, the dry ice generates low temperature to cause cobalt-rich crust cracking, impact force of the abrasive and the high-density carbon dioxide further crushes and peels the cobalt-rich crust along the crushing cracks, and the suction pipe 53 collects crushed ore through suction generated by the suction pump 531 to complete low-disturbance green collection of the submarine cobalt-rich crust.
As shown in FIG. 1, the mining method of the present invention will be described in detail below in connection with the mining system described above.
Firstly, an air source providing system provides carbon dioxide for a relay device through a transportation system, when gaseous carbon dioxide provided by the air source providing system reaches the relay device positioned in the deep sea, the gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into liquid carbon dioxide, the liquid carbon dioxide is pressurized through a pressurizing mechanism chamber, and the pressure of the carbon dioxide is ensured to be equal to or larger than 7.3MPa; temporarily storing the carbon dioxide reaching the pressure condition through a relay device;
the carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a heating fluid preparation device and is further heated, after the formation condition of the supercritical carbon dioxide is higher than 31 ℃, the heating chamber is used for continuously heating the carbon dioxide for a period of time to 65-75 ℃ to form high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide, the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide is sent into the first jet head, the first jet head jets out the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide in the state has extremely strong permeability due to extremely small viscosity, and under the action of pressure, the carbon dioxide can uniformly infiltrate into porous medium rock mass with obvious pore development such as cobalt-rich crust, so that the porous medium rock mass is heated to generate expansion;
step three, carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a cooling fluid preparation device, is mixed with a hard sand grinding material after being cooled, is condensed to below-56.6 ℃ to prepare dry ice doped with the hard sand, and then the dry ice doped with the hard sand is crushed into particles and is sent into a mixing chamber;
step four, carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a carbon dioxide fluid preparation device, is pressurized to be more than 7.37MPa to form high-density liquid carbon dioxide, and is sent into the mixing chamber; mixing with the dry ice mixed with the hard sand in the third step;
and fifthly, as shown in fig. 5, high-pressure low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide with hard sand and dry ice particles obtained in the mixing chamber is sprayed out from the second jet head, as the walking device advances, the cobalt-rich crust is heated and cooled alternately, temperature stress is generated inside the walking device, cracks are broken by germination, the cobalt-rich crust can be peeled and broken under the high-pressure impact of high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide wrapped with hard sand abrasive materials, the broken cobalt-rich crust is sucked away from the suction pipe, and peeling, breaking and collecting of the cobalt-rich crust are completed.
The specific structures and working modes of the heating chamber, the high-hardness sand mixing chamber, the cooling solidification chamber, the crushing chamber and the carbon dioxide pressurizing chamber can be realized by referring to the prior art, and detailed description is omitted herein.
The parts not described in the invention can be realized by referring to the prior art.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a carbon dioxide efflux makes cobalt-rich crust exploitation system of temperature difference effect, includes air supply system, conveying system and is located deep sea seabed's cobalt-rich crust acquisition system, its characterized in that:
the air source providing system is connected with the transportation system;
the cobalt-rich crust collecting system comprises a walking device, a relay device, a heating fluid preparation device, a cooling fluid preparation device, a carbon dioxide fluid preparation device and a collecting head jet collecting device, wherein the relay device, the heating fluid preparation device, the cooling fluid preparation device, the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device and the collecting head jet collecting device are all arranged on the walking device, the relay device is connected with the conveying system, carbon dioxide is conveyed and temporarily stored in the relay device through the conveying system, and the pressure of the carbon dioxide of the relay device is not less than 7.3MPa;
the relay device is respectively connected with the heating fluid preparation device, the cooling fluid preparation device and the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device;
the collecting head jet flow collecting device comprises a first jet flow head, a second jet flow head, a mixing chamber and a suction pipe, wherein the first jet flow head and the second jet flow head are respectively positioned at one end of the collecting head jet flow collecting device, the first jet flow head is arranged in front of the second jet flow head, and the mixing chamber is positioned at the rear end of the second jet flow head;
the heating fluid preparation device is used for heating the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device to reach the condition of supercritical carbon dioxide formation, then continuously heating the carbon dioxide, and sending high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide at the heating temperature into the first jet head to be ejected from the first jet head;
the cooling fluid preparation device is used for mixing the high-hardness sand with the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, forming solid dry ice by condensing to below-56.6 ℃, crushing the solid dry ice and high-hardness sand mixture into particles, and then sending the particles into the mixing chamber;
the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device is used for pressurizing the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device to more than 7.37MPa to form high-density liquid carbon dioxide, and sending the high-density liquid carbon dioxide into the mixing chamber;
the low-temperature fluid and the high-pressure jet fluid in the mixing chamber are mixed and then quickly fed into the second jet head, and are ejected from the second jet head;
the suction pipe is used for collecting the crushed cobalt-rich crust.
2. A cobalt-rich crusting mining system for carbon dioxide jet production temperature differential effect according to claim 1, wherein: the relay device comprises a relay storage tank and a pressurizing mechanism, wherein the pressurizing mechanism is used for pressurizing carbon dioxide conveyed by the conveying system.
3. A cobalt-rich crusting mining system for carbon dioxide jet production temperature differential effect according to claim 2, wherein: the heating fluid preparation device comprises a first conveying pipeline, a first one-way control valve, a heating chamber and a second one-way control valve, one end of the first conveying pipeline is connected to the first outlet of the relay storage tank, the other end of the first conveying pipeline is connected to the first jet head, the first one-way control valve and the second one-way control valve are respectively arranged on the first conveying pipeline which is close to the relay storage tank and one side of the first jet head, the heating chamber is positioned between the first one-way control valve and the second one-way control valve, the heating chamber is heated to 31.1 ℃ to form a condition of supercritical carbon dioxide formation, and then the heating chamber is continuously heated to 65-75 ℃.
4. A cobalt-rich crusting mining system for carbon dioxide jet production temperature differential effect according to claim 2, wherein: the cooling fluid preparation device comprises a conveying pipeline II, a one-way control valve III, a high-hardness sand mixing chamber, a cooling solidification chamber and a crushing chamber, one end of the conveying pipeline II is connected with the outlet II of the relay storage tank, the other end of the conveying pipeline II is connected with the mixing chamber, the one-way control valve III is arranged on the conveying pipeline II close to one side of the relay storage tank, the high-hardness sand mixing chamber, the cooling solidification chamber and the crushing chamber are sequentially arranged side by side, the high-hardness sand mixing chamber is arranged on one side close to the one-way control valve III, and the crushing chamber is arranged on one side close to the mixing chamber.
5. A cobalt-rich crusting mining system for carbon dioxide jet production temperature differential effect according to claim 2, wherein: the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device comprises a conveying pipeline III, a one-way control valve IV, a carbon dioxide pressurizing chamber and a one-way control valve V, one end of the conveying pipeline III is connected with an outlet III of the relay storage tank, the other end of the conveying pipeline III is connected with the mixing chamber, the one-way control valve IV and the one-way control valve V are connected to the conveying pipeline III, and the carbon dioxide pressurizing chamber is arranged between the one-way control valve IV and the one-way control valve V.
6. A cobalt-rich crusting mining system for carbon dioxide jet production temperature differential effect according to claim 1, wherein: the suction pipe is also connected with a suction pump, and the broken cobalt-rich crust is collected by the suction generated by the suction pump.
7. A cobalt-rich crusting mining system for carbon dioxide jet production temperature differential effect according to claim 1, wherein: the transportation system comprises a transportation pipeline, the transportation pipeline comprises a pipeline body, an umbilical cable is inserted into the pipeline body, and the umbilical cable is fixed at the central position of the pipeline body through a damping fixing device.
8. A cobalt-rich crusting mining system for carbon dioxide jet production temperature differential effect according to claim 1, wherein: the Mohs hardness of the high-hardness sand is more than 7, and the high-hardness sand is selected from silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or garnet with the granularity of 60-150 meshes.
9. A cobalt-rich crusting mining system for carbon dioxide jet production temperature differential effect according to claim 1, wherein: the walking device is a submarine mine car, and the relay device is arranged at the tail part of the submarine mine car; the first jet flow head and the second jet flow head are arranged in a staggered mode, and jet flow targets of the first jet flow head and the second jet flow head are different targets.
10. A cobalt-rich crusting exploitation method for producing a temperature difference effect by using a carbon dioxide jet, which is characterized in that the exploitation system for producing the cobalt-rich crusting with the temperature difference effect by using the carbon dioxide jet is adopted, and the exploitation method sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, an air source providing system provides carbon dioxide for a relay device through the transportation system, when gaseous carbon dioxide provided by the air source providing system reaches the relay device located in the deep sea, the gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into liquid carbon dioxide, the liquid carbon dioxide is pressurized, and the carbon dioxide pressure is ensured to be equal to or greater than 7.3MPa; temporarily storing the carbon dioxide reaching the pressure condition through a relay device;
s2, carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a heating fluid preparation device and is further heated, after the formation condition of supercritical carbon dioxide is higher than 31.1 ℃, the carbon dioxide is continuously heated for a period of time to 65-75 ℃ to form high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide, the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide is sent into the first jet head, and the first jet head jets out to heat cobalt-rich crusts;
s3, carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a cooling fluid preparation device, is mixed with a hard sand grinding material after being cooled, is condensed to below-56.6 ℃ to prepare dry ice doped with the hard sand, and then the dry ice doped with the hard sand is crushed into particles and is sent into a mixing chamber;
s4, carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a carbon dioxide fluid preparation device, is pressurized to be more than 7.37MPa to form high-density liquid carbon dioxide, and is sent into the mixing chamber; mixing with dry ice doped with hard sand in the step S3;
and S5, spraying high-pressure low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide with hard sand and dry ice particles obtained in the mixing chamber from the second jet head, heating and cooling alternately along with the advancing of the walking device, generating temperature stress inside, initiating and destroying cracks, stripping and crushing the cobalt-rich crust under the high-pressure impact of the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide wrapped with the hard sand abrasive, and sucking the crushed cobalt-rich crust from the suction pipe to finish stripping, crushing and collecting the cobalt-rich crust.
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