CN115722360A - Hard seabed erosion system and method combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet - Google Patents
Hard seabed erosion system and method combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hard seabed erosion system and method combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet, and relates to the technical field of deep sea seabed hard seabed erosion. The device comprises an air source providing system, a transportation system, a walking device positioned in deep sea, a relay device positioned on the walking device, a pressurized jet flow fluid preparation device, a cooling fluid preparation device and a nozzle jet flow device; after being mixed, a saturated carbon dioxide solution and a dry ice abrasive are sprayed out from a nozzle of a nozzle jet device, the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution is greater than the deep sea environment pressure, the sprayed liquid generates cavitation bubbles under the cavitation action, the cavitation bubbles collapse under the condition that the seabed environment pressure is greater than the carbon dioxide saturated vapor pressure at the corresponding temperature, the cavitation explosion effect is generated, and the purpose of efficiently eroding the hard seabed is achieved; and part of the carbon dioxide can form stable hydrate and other forms on the seabed, so that the carbon dioxide is sealed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deep sea seabed hard seabed erosion, in particular to a system and a method for hard seabed erosion by combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet.
Background
Seabed resources are rich in mineral products, for collection of seabed resources, a deepwater injection system of a seabed trencher is usually utilized at present to decompose soil texture of the seabed and absorb the soil texture to collect the mineral resources, but the method is only suitable for soft clay, but the method needs to erode hard seabed resources, and an efficient and green erosion technology is urgently needed due to the fact that the existing erosion hard seabed technology is not mature enough.
Cavitation is the phenomenon of explosive growth of microbubbles (or referred to as gas nuclei) caused by the evaporation of a liquid due to local low pressure (lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid at the corresponding temperature) in a liquid flow system, i.e. cavitation; when the environmental pressure is higher than the saturated steam pressure at the corresponding temperature, the cavitation bubbles can collapse, and high-temperature high-pressure and micro-jet shock waves can be generated at the moment of collapse, and the shock waves have strong destructive effect and can greatly improve the erosion efficiency.
The current applications of cavitation water jet mainly include:
CN114670982B discloses a ship cleaning device based on cavitation water jet, which mainly utilizes the cavitation principle, generates a large amount of cavitation bubbles in the jet by changing the flow velocity of water flow, achieves the purpose of cleaning the ship by utilizing shock waves formed by collapse of the cavitation bubbles, can reduce the damage of the jet to the ship by the collapse of the cavitation bubbles, and has good cleaning effect.
CN113857122A discloses a confining pressure cavitation water jet cleaning device, which comprises a cleaning unit; the cleaning unit comprises a cleaning arm and a plurality of nozzles; one side of the cleaning arm is provided with a water inlet end, and the other side of the cleaning arm is connected with the plurality of nozzles; the plurality of nozzles are arranged at intervals of an arc line; the cleaning arm is internally provided with a cavity, and the water inlet end is communicated with the nozzle through the cavity. By arranging the plurality of nozzles, the cleaning range is expanded, and the cleaning efficiency is improved; a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the cleaning frame at arc intervals, so that the distance from each nozzle to the jacket can be kept consistent, the cleaning dead angle is reduced, and the effective cleaning area of the jacket is increased.
In the prior art, the cavitation water jet is used for efficiently cleaning the device, but the cavitation water jet has less gas separated out and fewer cavitation nuclei, so that the erosion efficiency is influenced.
In the aspect of hard seabed erosion, in the prior art, water jet is used for erosion, but the water jet impact range is large, the disturbance to the seabed environment is large, the seabed organisms are suffocated, and the balance of marine organisms is influenced. In addition, the viscosity of water is high, energy can be quickly dissipated in the spraying process, and the water flow needs large energy when being sprayed, so that the problems of large energy consumption and the like are solved.
It follows that erosion techniques for hard seabed are still to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems of high energy consumption of water jet and low erosion efficiency of cavitation water jet, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a hard seabed erosion system combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet, which utilizes the principle that a saturated carbon dioxide solution is used for precipitating carbon dioxide gas to form cavitation bubble collapse to erode the hard seabed, and utilizes abrasive particles to increase the number of cavitation nuclei and reduce the cavitation initiation difficulty, thereby enhancing the cavitation jet strength, realizing the high-efficiency erosion of the hard seabed, and forming stable hydrate forms and other forms on part of the carbon dioxide on the seabed to realize the carbon dioxide sequestration.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hard seabed erosion system combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet comprises an air source providing system, a transportation system, a walking device positioned in deep sea, a relay device positioned on the walking device, a pressurized jet fluid preparation device, a cooling fluid preparation device and a nozzle jet device;
the gas source providing system is connected with the relay device through a transportation system and is used for conveying gaseous carbon dioxide to the relay device through the transportation system;
the relay device is used for temporarily storing the carbon dioxide provided by the transportation system and reducing the pressure of the carbon dioxide to 0.52-3.8 MPa;
the pressurized jet flow fluid preparation device and the cooling fluid preparation device are respectively connected with the relay device;
the pressurized jet fluid preparation device is used for sequentially cooling and pressurizing the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device to obtain a saturated carbon dioxide solution with the pressure of more than 6 MPa; the cooling fluid preparation device is used for cooling the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, mixing the carbon dioxide with the high-hardness sand, condensing the mixture to be below 56.6 ℃ below zero to prepare solid dry ice doped with the high-hardness sand, and crushing the solid dry ice into particles;
the nozzle jet device is used for mixing the dry ice chips mixed with the high-hardness sand obtained by the cooling fluid preparation device with the saturated carbon dioxide solution obtained by the pressurized jet fluid preparation device and spraying, the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution is greater than the deep sea environment pressure, the sprayed liquid generates cavitation bubbles under the cavitation action, the cavitation bubbles are collapsed under the environment pressure, the cavitation explosion effect is generated, and the hard seabed is eroded.
The beneficial technical effects directly brought by the technical scheme are as follows:
in the technical scheme, the erosion method for cavitation and separating out carbon dioxide gas for carrying out the hollow explosion by utilizing the saturated carbon dioxide solution doped with the abrasive is provided, and the saturated carbon dioxide solution with high-hardness sand and dry ice chips is sprayed out through the nozzle jet device; the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution is more than 6MPa, when the water depth is 500-600 m, the deep sea environment pressure is 5-6 MPa (the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution is more than the environment pressure and is easier to be ejected), the environment temperature is 5-10 ℃, and the saturated vapor pressure of the carbon dioxide at 5-10 ℃ is 3.96-4.51 MPa; according to Bernoulli's equation
(C is constant) it is known that the greater the flow rate of the liquid, the lower the pressure and therefore from the nozzle
(wherein P is liquid pressure) is injected at a speed, so that the pressure of a saturated carbon dioxide solution is lower than that of carbon dioxide saturated steam at the seabed by about 500-600 m, cavitation is generated, carbon dioxide gas is separated out, and cavitation bubble collapse can be generated when the environmental pressure in the deep sea is higher than the saturated steam pressure at the corresponding temperature of the liquid, so that shock waves are generated to erode the hard seabed, meanwhile, the injection of the saturated carbon dioxide solution can cause high temperature and high pressure, the heat exchange is generated among dry ice particles, and the carbon dioxide solid is rapidly sublimated into gas, so that the number of cavitation nuclei is increased, and the cavitation jet intensity is further enhanced; and the surface cracks of the abrasive particles contain gas, so that additional cavitation nuclei are provided, the number of the cavitation nuclei in the jet flow is increased, the pressure required by cavitation initiation is reduced, and the jet flow cavitation intensity is further improved.
According to the technical scheme, the characteristics of corrosivity and water solubility of carbon dioxide are utilized, wherein cavitation mainly utilizes shock waves generated by collapse of cavitation bubbles to erode a hard seabed, the carbon dioxide solution can better separate out gas compared with water, and then the abrasive is used as an auxiliary material, so that the gas can be separated out from the surface of abrasive particles, the cavitation strength can be increased, the hard seabed can be better eroded, and the method is suitable for a deep sea environment.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the relay device comprises a relay storage tank and a pressure reduction mechanism, wherein the pressure reduction mechanism is used for reducing the pressure of liquid carbon dioxide to 0.52-3.8 MPa and converting the liquid carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide; the step of cooling refers to cooling the gaseous carbon dioxide solution, and the cooling amplitude is not lower than the temperature corresponding to the conversion of the liquid carbon dioxide into the gaseous carbon dioxide under the corresponding critical pressure.
As another preferred aspect of the present invention, the pressurized jet fluid preparation device includes a first delivery pipe, a first one-way control valve, a refrigerator, a second one-way control valve, a gas-liquid mixing chamber, a third one-way control valve, a pressure boosting device, and a sixth one-way control valve, the first one-way control valve is located at one end close to the relay storage tank, the refrigerator is located between the first one-way control valve and the second one-way control valve, and the refrigerator lowers the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide to increase the solubility of the gaseous carbon dioxide in water; the gas-liquid mixing chamber is positioned between the one-way control valve II and the one-way control valve III, the gas-liquid mixing chamber is used for fully mixing gaseous carbon dioxide and water, and the pressurizing device is used for pressurizing a saturated carbon dioxide solution formed in the gas-liquid mixing chamber to enable the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution to reach more than 6 MPa.
Furthermore, the cooling fluid preparation device comprises a second conveying pipeline, a fourth one-way control valve, a mixing chamber, a solidification chamber, a crushing chamber and a fifth one-way control valve, wherein one end of the second conveying pipeline is connected to the second outlet of the relay storage tank, the other end of the second conveying pipeline is connected to the nozzle jet device, the fourth one-way control valve is arranged at one end close to the relay storage tank, the mixing chamber, the solidification chamber and the crushing chamber are sequentially connected, the solidification chamber is used for manufacturing dry ice doped with high-hardness sand, and the crushing chamber is used for crushing the dry ice doped with the high-hardness sand into fine particles.
Furthermore, the walking device is a submarine mine car, and the relay device is installed at the tail of the submarine mine car.
Further, the nozzle jet device comprises a chamber, a mixing chamber and a cavity opening, the saturated carbon dioxide solution mixed with the dry ice chips entering the nozzle jet device is uniformly mixed in the chamber and the mixing chamber and then is ejected from the nozzle of the cavity opening, and the ejection speed v is calculated according to the formula (1):
in the formula (1), v is the ejection velocity, P is the liquid pressure, ρ is the liquid density, and C is a constant.
Furthermore, the Mohs hardness of the high-hardness sand is more than 7, and the high-hardness sand is selected from silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or garnet with the granularity of 60-150 meshes.
Further, the cross-sectional area decreases from the inlet end of the chamber to the mixing chamber.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for eroding a hard seabed by combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet, which adopts the above system for eroding a hard seabed by combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet, wherein the eroding method comprises the following steps:
a. the gas source providing system provides carbon dioxide for the relay device through the transportation system, and when the gaseous carbon dioxide provided by the gas source providing system reaches the relay device positioned in the deep sea, the gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into liquid carbon dioxide, and after the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide is reduced, the liquid carbon dioxide is temporarily stored;
b. the carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a pressurized jet fluid preparation device, and a saturated carbon dioxide solution with the pressure of more than 6MPa is obtained after temperature reduction and pressurization are sequentially carried out;
c. the carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a cooling fluid preparation device, is uniformly mixed with the high-hardness sand in a mixing chamber, then enters a solidifying chamber to be condensed to the temperature below-56.6 ℃ to prepare solid dry ice doped with the high-hardness sand, and then is crushed into particles;
d. and c, allowing the saturated carbon dioxide solution obtained in the step b and the dry ice abrasive obtained in the step c to enter a nozzle jet device, fully mixing, quickly jetting through a nozzle of the nozzle jet device, generating cavitation bubbles by the jetted liquid under the cavitation action, and generating high-pressure shock waves to achieve the efficient erosion effect due to the fact that the cavitation bubbles are collapsed when the environmental pressure is greater than the saturated vapor pressure, thereby completing the erosion of the hard seabed.
In step d, the excess carbon dioxide ejected deposits near the seabed and wraps around the seabed, which effectively captures the microparticles suspended in the water by interfacial tension with the water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) Compared with the traditional cavitation water jet, the saturated carbon dioxide solution doped with the dry ice abrasive can separate out more bubbles in the jet process under the seabed environment, so that the cavitation phenomenon is easier to generate, the dry ice in the solution is sublimated after being sprayed out, the bubbles in the jet are increased, the cavitation explosion phenomenon with larger impact force is generated under the seabed high-pressure environment, and the high-efficiency erosion of the hard seabed is realized by matching with certain corrosivity of the carbon dioxide.
(2) The grinding material is used as crystal nodule and is made into dry ice in advance, so that the freezing point of pure carbon dioxide is greatly reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
(3) The redundant carbon dioxide liquid generated by the jet flow of the nozzle jet flow device can be deposited near the seabed to wrap the seabed, and the interfacial tension between the nozzle jet flow device and water can effectively capture micro-particles suspended in the water, so that the plume diffusion of sediments generated by jet flow exploitation is prevented, and the protection of the seabed environment is facilitated; as carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, the acidity of the seabed can be slowly improved, the seabed organisms are repelled, the carbon dioxide can be automatically decomposed and diluted along with the completion of the engineering, the influence on the seabed environment can be reduced, and part of the carbon dioxide forms stable hydrates and other forms on the seabed, so that the carbon dioxide is sealed.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the hard seabed erosion process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the hard seabed erosion system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the construction of a pressurized jet fluid preparation apparatus, a cooling fluid preparation apparatus and a relay apparatus which are located on the bottom of a deep sea;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a nozzle fluidic device;
in the figure: 1. the system comprises a transportation system, 11, an air source providing system, 12, a transportation pipeline, 13, a relay device, 131, a pressure reducing mechanism, 132, a relay storage tank, 2, a pressurized jet fluid preparation device, 21, a first transportation pipeline, 22, a first one-way control valve, 23, a refrigerator, 24, a second one-way control valve, 25, a gas-liquid mixing chamber, 26, a third one-way control valve, 27, a pressurization device, 28, a sixth one-way control valve, 3, a cooling fluid preparation device, 31, a second transportation pipeline, 32, a fourth one-way control valve, 33, a mixing chamber, 34, a solidification chamber, 35, a crushing chamber, 36, a fifth one-way control valve, 4, a nozzle jet device, 41, a chamber, 42, a cavity opening, 411 and a mixing chamber.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a hard seabed erosion system and a hard seabed erosion method combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet, and the invention is further explained by combining specific embodiments in order to make the advantages and technical scheme of the invention clearer and more clear.
The invention mainly utilizes the shock wave generated by collapse of cavitation bubbles to erode the hard seabed, and the saturated carbon dioxide solution can better separate out gas than water, and is supplemented with grinding materials, so that the surfaces of the grinding material particles can not only separate out gas, but also increase the cavitation strength, and can better erode the hard seabed.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the hard seabed erosion system combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet according to the present invention comprises a gas source providing system 11, a transportation system 1, a walking device located in deep sea, a relay device 13 located on the walking device, a pressurized jet fluid preparation device 2, a cooling fluid preparation device 3, and a nozzle jet device 4;
the gas source providing system 1 is connected with the relay device through a transportation system, and the specific gas source providing system 1 is a gas source providing device located at sea surface, and the gas source providing device provides a carbon dioxide gas source in a form of releasing storage or directly transporting from land, such as a device supporting a naval vessel to carry the carbon dioxide storage device from sea surface or transporting the carbon dioxide from land to sea surface.
The gas source providing system is used for conveying the gaseous carbon dioxide to the relay device through the conveying system; the transportation system 1 comprises a transportation pipeline 12 through which transportation pipeline 12 gaseous carbon dioxide is transported to a relay device located at the bottom of the deep sea.
The walking device is a movable seabed mine car, and the relay device, the pressurized jet fluid preparation device, the cooling fluid preparation device and the nozzle jet device are all arranged on the seabed mine car so as to realize the exploitation of seabed minerals and the structure of the seabed mine car by taking the prior art as reference.
The relay device is arranged at the tail part of the submarine mine car and is connected with the transportation system, and the relay device is used for temporarily storing the carbon dioxide provided by the transportation system and reducing the pressure of the carbon dioxide.
As shown in fig. 3, the relay apparatus includes a relay storage tank 132 and a pressure reducing mechanism 131, when carbon dioxide reaches the deep sea, has become liquid due to the pressure and temperature of the deep sea (temperature is 5 ℃ to 10 ℃, pressure is 5MPa to 6 MPa), a part of the liquid carbon dioxide is reduced in pressure by the relay storage tank to convert the liquid into a gaseous state (the liquid carbon dioxide is more difficult to dissolve in water than the carbon dioxide gas), and a part of the liquid carbon dioxide is temporarily stored in the relay storage tank. The liquid carbon dioxide is subjected to pressure reduction in the relay storage tank 13 by a pressure reduction mechanism to reduce the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide to 0.52-3.8 MPa and then the liquid carbon dioxide is changed into carbon dioxide gas (according to a carbon dioxide phase diagram, if the pressure is reduced to more than 3.8MPa, the carbon dioxide is still in a liquid state).
The relay storage tank 132 is provided with two outlets, namely an outlet I and an outlet II, the outlet I and the outlet II are respectively connected with a first conveying pipeline 21 and a second conveying pipeline 31 which are parallel to each other, one end of the first conveying pipeline 21 is connected with the outlet I of the relay storage tank, the other end of the first conveying pipeline is connected with the nozzle fluidic device 4, the first conveying pipeline 21 is respectively provided with a first one-way control valve 22, a refrigerator 23, a second one-way control valve 24, a gas-liquid mixing chamber 25, a third one-way control valve 26, a supercharging device 27 and a sixth one-way control valve 28, the first one-way control valve 22 is arranged at one end close to the relay storage tank, the refrigerator 23 is arranged between the first one-way control valve 22 and the second one-way control valve 24, and the refrigerator reduces the temperature of gaseous carbon dioxide to increase the solubility of the gaseous carbon dioxide in water; the gas-liquid mixing chamber is positioned between the one-way control valve II and the one-way control valve III, the gas-liquid mixing chamber is used for fully mixing gaseous carbon dioxide and water, and the pressurizing device is used for pressurizing a saturated carbon dioxide solution formed in the gas-liquid mixing chamber to enable the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution to reach more than 6 MPa.
The first delivery pipe 21, the first one-way control valve 22, the refrigerator 23, the second one-way control valve 24, the gas-liquid mixing chamber 25, the third one-way control valve 26, the pressure increasing device 27 and the sixth one-way control valve 28 together form the pressurized jet fluid preparation device 2. Gaseous carbon dioxide entering the pressurized jet fluid preparation device 2 flows through the first one-way control valve 22 through the first conveying pipeline 21, then enters the refrigerator, the temperature of the carbon dioxide gas is reduced (the temperature corresponding to the state of the carbon dioxide at the corresponding critical pressure is not lower than the temperature corresponding to the state of the carbon dioxide at the corresponding critical pressure is changed into the gaseous state) under the action of the refrigerator so as to improve the solubility of the carbon dioxide gas in water, the carbon dioxide gas flow is controlled to be fully mixed with the water in the gas-liquid mixing chamber 25 through the second one-way control valve 24, so that the carbon dioxide solution is saturated, the carbon dioxide solution flows through the third one-way control valve 26, the saturated carbon dioxide solution flow is controlled to flow through the pressurizing device 27, the pressurizing is carried out so that the saturated carbon dioxide solution reaches more than 6Mpa, and then the saturated carbon dioxide solution flows through the sixth one-way control 28 to enter the mixing chamber 411 in the nozzle device 4.
The cooling fluid preparation device is connected with the relay device; the cooling fluid preparation device is used for cooling the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, mixing the carbon dioxide with the high-hardness sand, condensing the mixture to be below 56.6 ℃ below zero to prepare solid dry ice doped with the high-hardness sand, crushing the solid dry ice into particles, and finally enabling the saturated carbon dioxide solution obtained by the pressurized jet fluid preparation device and the dry ice grinding material obtained by the cooling fluid preparation device to enter the nozzle jet device to be fully mixed and be sprayed out from the nozzle.
The Mohs hardness of the high-hardness sand is more than 7, and preferably, the high-hardness sand is silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or garnet with the granularity of 60-150 meshes.
As shown in fig. 3, the cooling fluid preparation device comprises a second conveying pipeline 31, a fourth one-way control valve 32, a mixing chamber 33, a solidification chamber 34, a crushing chamber 35 and a fifth one-way control valve 36, wherein one end of the second conveying pipeline is connected to the second outlet of the relay storage tank, the other end of the second conveying pipeline is connected to the nozzle jet device, the fourth one-way control valve is arranged at one end close to the relay storage tank, the mixing chamber, the solidification chamber and the crushing chamber are sequentially connected, the solidification chamber is used for making dry ice doped with high-hardness sand, and the crushing chamber is used for crushing the dry ice doped with high-hardness sand into fine particles.
The abrasive material mixed with the hard sand is obtained through the mixing chamber, the solidification chamber and the crushing chamber, and can be introduced into the nozzle jet device through the one-way control valve 36.
The outlet two of the relay device flows through the one-way control valve four 32 through the delivery pipe two 31, enters the mixing chamber 33, is mixed with the high-hardness sand, then enters the cooling solidification chamber 34 to be solidified into solid dry ice, then enters the crushing chamber 35, and enters the mixing cavity 411 in the nozzle device 4 after being crushed into particles.
As shown in fig. 4, a nozzle jet device is used to spray a saturated carbon dioxide solution doped with high hardness sand and dry ice chips.
The nozzle fluidic device comprises a cavity 41, a mixing cavity 411 and a cavity opening 42, heating fluid and cooling fluid entering the nozzle fluidic device are ejected out of a nozzle of the cavity opening after sequentially passing through the cavity and the mixing cavity, and the ejection speed v is calculated according to the formula (1):
in the formula (1), v is the ejection velocity, P is the liquid pressure, ρ is the liquid density, and C is a constant.
Preferably, the cross-sectional area decreases from the inlet end of the chamber to the mixing chamber, thereby facilitating rapid ejection of the hot and cold fluids.
The jet angle of the nozzle jet device can be adjusted between 30 degrees and 60 degrees so as to meet different sea conditions.
The erosion method is described in detail below in connection with an erosion system for a hard seabed, as shown in fig. 1.
Step one, the gas source providing system provides carbon dioxide for the relay device through the transportation system, and when the gaseous carbon dioxide provided by the gas source providing system reaches the relay device positioned in the deep sea, the gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into liquid carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide is depressurized and temporarily stored;
step two, the carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a pressurized jet fluid preparation device, and a saturated carbon dioxide solution with the pressure of more than 6MPa is obtained through cooling and pressurization;
step three, the carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a cooling fluid preparation device, is uniformly mixed with the high-hardness sand in a mixing chamber, then enters a solidifying chamber to be solidified into solid dry ice, and then is crushed into particles;
and the saturated carbon dioxide solution obtained in the step two and the dry ice abrasive obtained in the step three enter a nozzle jet device, are fully mixed and are rapidly ejected through a nozzle of the nozzle jet device, the ejected liquid generates cavitation action to generate cavitation bubbles, the cavitation bubbles are collapsed due to the fact that the environmental pressure is larger than the saturated vapor pressure, high-pressure shock waves are generated to achieve the effect of high-efficiency erosion, and erosion of the hard seabed is completed. As shown in fig. 4, the nozzle of the nozzle jet device sprays saturated carbon dioxide solution with high-hardness sand and dry ice chips; the pressure intensity of the saturated carbon dioxide solution doped with the high-hardness sand and the dry ice fragments is more than 6MPa, when the water depth is 500-600 m, the deep sea environment pressure intensity is 5-6 MPa (ensuring that the pressure intensity of the saturated carbon dioxide solution is more than the environment pressure intensity and is easier to eject), the environment temperature is 5-10 ℃, and the saturated vapor pressure of the carbon dioxide at 5-10 ℃ is 3.96-4.51 MPa; according to Bernoulli's equation
(C is a constant) it can be known that the larger the liquid flow velocity, the smaller the pressure, so that the liquid is ejected from the nozzle at a certain speed, the lower the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution is than the pressure of the carbon dioxide saturated steam at about 500-600 m under the sea, so that cavitation occurs and carbon dioxide gas is separated out, while the environment pressure in the deep sea is greater than the saturated steam pressure at the corresponding temperature of the liquid, cavitation bubble collapse occurs, so that shock waves are generated to erode the hard seabed.
Meanwhile, the ejection of the liquid carbon dioxide can cause high temperature and high pressure, the heat exchange of the dry ice particles is carried out, and the carbon dioxide solid is rapidly sublimated into gas, so that the number of cavitation nuclei is increased, and the cavitation jet intensity is further enhanced; and the surface cracks of the abrasive particles contain gas, so that additional cavitation nuclei are provided, the number of the cavitation nuclei in the jet flow is increased, the pressure required by cavitation initiation is reduced, and the jet flow cavitation intensity is further improved.
The ejected excess carbon dioxide is deposited near the sea floor and wraps around the sea floor, which effectively captures the microparticles suspended in the water by interfacial tension with the water.
The specific structures and the using methods of the "pressurizing device", "relay device", "depressurization mechanism", "mixing chamber", "solidification chamber" and "crushing chamber" mentioned in the present invention can be realized by those skilled in the art by referring to the prior art, and will not be described in detail herein.
The parts which are not described in the invention can be realized by taking the prior art as reference.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hard seabed erosion system combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet comprises a gas source providing system and a transportation system, and is characterized in that:
the device also comprises a walking device positioned in deep sea, and a relay device, a pressurized jet fluid preparation device, a cooling fluid preparation device and a nozzle jet device which are positioned on the walking device;
the gas source providing system is connected with the relay device through a transportation system and is used for conveying gaseous carbon dioxide to the relay device through the transportation system;
the relay device is used for temporarily storing the carbon dioxide provided by the transportation system and reducing the pressure of the carbon dioxide to 0.52-3.8 MPa;
the pressurized jet flow fluid preparation device and the cooling fluid preparation device are respectively connected with the relay device;
the pressurized jet flow fluid preparation device is used for sequentially carrying out cooling and pressurizing steps on the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device to obtain a saturated carbon dioxide solution with the pressure of more than 6 MPa; the cooling fluid preparation device is used for cooling the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, mixing the carbon dioxide with the high-hardness sand, condensing the mixture to be below 56.6 ℃ below zero to prepare solid dry ice doped with the high-hardness sand, and crushing the solid dry ice into particles;
the nozzle jet device is used for mixing the dry ice chips mixed with the high-hardness sand obtained by the cooling fluid preparation device with the saturated carbon dioxide solution obtained by the pressurized jet fluid preparation device and spraying, the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution is greater than the deep sea environment pressure, the sprayed liquid generates cavitation bubbles under the cavitation action, the cavitation bubbles collapse under the environment pressure, the cavitation explosion effect is generated, and the hard seabed is eroded.
2. The combined carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet hard seabed erosion system of claim 1, wherein: the relay device comprises a relay storage tank and a pressure reducing mechanism, wherein the pressure reducing mechanism is used for reducing the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide to 0.52-3.8 MPa and converting the liquid carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide; the step of cooling refers to cooling the gaseous carbon dioxide solution, and the cooling amplitude is not lower than the temperature corresponding to the conversion of the liquid carbon dioxide into the gaseous carbon dioxide under the corresponding critical pressure.
3. The combined carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet hard seabed erosion system of claim 2, wherein: the pressurized jet flow fluid preparation device comprises a first conveying pipeline, a first one-way control valve, a refrigerator, a second one-way control valve, a gas-liquid mixing chamber, a third one-way control valve, a supercharging device and a sixth one-way control valve, wherein the first one-way control valve is arranged at one end close to the relay storage tank, the refrigerator is arranged between the first one-way control valve and the second one-way control valve, and the refrigerator reduces the temperature of gaseous carbon dioxide to increase the solubility of the gaseous carbon dioxide in water; the gas-liquid mixing chamber is positioned between the one-way control valve II and the one-way control valve III, the gas-liquid mixing chamber is used for fully mixing gaseous carbon dioxide and water, and the pressurizing device is used for pressurizing a saturated carbon dioxide solution formed in the gas-liquid mixing chamber to enable the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution to reach more than 6 MPa.
4. The combined carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet hard seabed erosion system of claim 2, wherein: the cooling fluid preparation device comprises a second conveying pipeline, a fourth one-way control valve, a mixing chamber, a solidification chamber, a crushing chamber and a fifth one-way control valve, one end of the second conveying pipeline is connected to the second outlet of the relay storage tank, the other end of the second conveying pipeline is connected to the nozzle jet device, the fourth one-way control valve is arranged at one end close to the relay storage tank, the mixing chamber, the solidification chamber and the crushing chamber are sequentially connected, the solidification chamber is used for manufacturing dry ice doped with high-hardness sand, and the crushing chamber is used for crushing the dry ice doped with the high-hardness sand into fine particles.
5. The combined carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet hard seabed erosion system of claim 1, wherein: the walking device is a submarine mine car, and the relay device is arranged at the tail of the submarine mine car.
6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the hard seabed erosion system comprises a carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet combination: the nozzle jet device comprises a chamber, a mixing chamber and a cavity opening, saturated carbon dioxide solution which enters the nozzle jet device and is mixed with dry ice chips is sprayed out of a nozzle of the cavity opening after being uniformly mixed in the chamber and the mixing chamber in sequence, and the spraying speed v is calculated according to the formula (1):
in the formula (1), v is the ejection velocity, P is the liquid pressure, ρ is the liquid density, and C is a constant.
7. The combined carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet hard seabed erosion system of claim 1, wherein: the Mohs hardness of the high-hardness sand is more than 7, and the high-hardness sand is selected from silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or garnet with the granularity of 60-150 meshes.
8. The combined carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet hard seabed erosion system of claim 6, wherein: the cross-sectional area decreases from the inlet end of the chamber to the mixing chamber.
9. A method for eroding a hard seabed by combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet, which is characterized in that the system for eroding a hard seabed by combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 is adopted, and the erosion method comprises the following steps:
a. the gas source providing system provides carbon dioxide for the relay device through the transportation system, and when the gaseous carbon dioxide provided by the gas source providing system reaches the relay device positioned in the deep sea, the gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into liquid carbon dioxide, and after the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide is reduced, the liquid carbon dioxide is temporarily stored;
b. the carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a pressurized jet fluid preparation device, and a saturated carbon dioxide solution with the pressure of more than 6MPa is obtained after temperature reduction and pressurization are sequentially carried out;
c. the carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a cooling fluid preparation device, is uniformly mixed with the high-hardness sand in a mixing chamber, then enters a solidifying chamber to be condensed to the temperature below-56.6 ℃ to prepare solid dry ice doped with the high-hardness sand, and then is crushed into particles;
d. and c, allowing the saturated carbon dioxide solution obtained in the step b and the dry ice abrasive obtained in the step c to enter a nozzle jet device, fully mixing, quickly jetting through a nozzle of the nozzle jet device, generating cavitation bubbles by the jetted liquid under the cavitation action, and generating high-pressure shock waves to achieve the efficient erosion effect due to the collapse of the cavitation bubbles caused by the fact that the environmental pressure is greater than the saturated vapor pressure, so as to complete the erosion of the hard seabed.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the hard seabed erosion by the combination of carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet comprises: in step d, the excess carbon dioxide ejected deposits near the seabed and wraps around the seabed, which effectively captures the microparticles suspended in the water by interfacial tension with the water.
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