CN115722360B - Hard seabed erosion system and method combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet - Google Patents
Hard seabed erosion system and method combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hard seabed washing and etching system and method combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet flow, and relates to the technical field of deep sea seabed hard seabed washing and etching. The device comprises an air source providing system, a transportation system, a walking device positioned in the deep sea, a relay device positioned on the walking device, a pressurized jet fluid preparation device, a cooling fluid preparation device and a nozzle jet device; after the saturated carbon dioxide solution and the dry ice abrasive are mixed, the mixture is sprayed out of a nozzle jet device, the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution is higher than the deep sea environment pressure, cavitation is generated by the sprayed liquid, the cavitation bubbles collapse under the condition that the submarine environment pressure is higher than the carbon dioxide saturated vapor pressure at the corresponding temperature, and cavitation effect is generated, so that the aim of efficiently washing and etching the hard seabed is fulfilled; and part of carbon dioxide can form stable hydrate and other forms on the sea floor, so that the carbon dioxide is sealed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deep-sea seabed hard seabed erosion, in particular to a hard seabed erosion system and method combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet flow.
Background
The submarine resources are abundant in mineral products, for the collection of the submarine resources, the deep water injection system of the submarine trencher is commonly utilized at present to decompose and absorb the soil of the submarine, but the submarine resources are only suitable for soft clay, but the hard seabed resources are required to be eroded, and as the existing erosion hard seabed technology is not mature enough, a high-efficiency and green erosion technology is required.
Cavitation is the explosive growth of microbubbles (or so-called gas nuclei) that are caused by the evaporation of a liquid by a local depression in the liquid flow system (below the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid at the corresponding temperature), i.e. cavitation; when the environmental pressure is higher than the saturated vapor pressure at the corresponding temperature, cavitation bubbles collapse, high-temperature high-pressure and micro-jet shock waves can be generated at the moment of collapse, the shock waves have strong destructive action, and the erosion efficiency can be greatly improved.
The current application of cavitation water jet mainly comprises:
CN114670982B discloses a hull belt cleaning device based on cavitation water jet, and it mainly utilizes the cavitation principle, through changing the rivers velocity of flow, produces a large amount of cavitation in the efflux, utilizes the shock wave that cavitation collapse formed to reach the purpose of clearance hull, and cavitation collapse simultaneously can alleviate the damage of efflux to the hull, and the clearance is effectual.
CN113857122a discloses a confining pressure cavitation water jet cleaning device, which comprises a cleaning unit; the cleaning unit comprises a cleaning arm and a plurality of nozzles; one side of the cleaning arm is provided with a water inlet end, and the other side of the cleaning arm is connected with a plurality of nozzles; the nozzles are distributed at an arc pitch; the cleaning arm is internally provided with a cavity, and the water inlet end is communicated with the nozzle through the cavity. By arranging a plurality of nozzles, the cleaning range is enlarged, and the cleaning efficiency is improved; the nozzles are distributed on the cleaning frame at an arc distance, so that the distance from each nozzle to the jacket is kept consistent, the cleaning dead angle is reduced, and the effective cleaning area of the jacket is increased.
The prior art utilizes cavitation water jet to carry out high-efficiency cleaning on the device, but the gas separated out by the cavitation water jet is less, the number of cavitation nuclei is less, and the erosion efficiency is affected.
Aiming at the aspect of hard seabed erosion, the prior art utilizes water jet for erosion, but the water jet has large impact range, and large disturbance to the seabed environment, which can cause the choking of organisms on the seabed and influence the balance of marine organisms. In addition, the viscosity of water is high, the energy dissipation is fast in the spraying process, the energy required by water jet is large, and the problems of high energy consumption and the like are caused.
It follows that the erosion technique for the hard seabed is still in need of further improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems of high water jet energy consumption and low cavitation water jet erosion efficiency, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a hard seabed erosion system which combines carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet, wherein a saturated carbon dioxide solution is utilized to separate out cavitation bubble collapse generated cavitation effect on a hard seabed erosion principle, abrasive particles are utilized to increase the number of cavitation nuclei and reduce cavitation primary difficulty, so that the cavitation jet intensity is enhanced, the high-efficiency erosion on the hard seabed is realized, and part of carbon dioxide can form stable forms such as hydrate on the seabed, and the sealing of the carbon dioxide is realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the hard seabed erosion system comprises an air source providing system, a conveying system, a walking device positioned in the deep sea, a relay device positioned on the walking device, a pressurized jet fluid preparation device, a cooling fluid preparation device and a nozzle jet device, wherein the hard seabed erosion system is formed by combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet;
the gas source providing system is connected with the relay device through the transportation system and is used for conveying the gaseous carbon dioxide to the relay device through the transportation system;
the relay device is used for temporarily storing the carbon dioxide provided by the transportation system and reducing the pressure of the carbon dioxide to 0.52-3.8 MPa;
the pressurized jet fluid preparation device and the cooling fluid preparation device are respectively connected with the relay device;
the pressurized jet fluid preparation device is used for sequentially cooling and pressurizing the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device to obtain a saturated carbon dioxide solution with the pressure of more than 6 MPa; the cooling fluid preparation device is used for cooling the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, mixing the cooled carbon dioxide with high-hardness sand, condensing the mixture to below-56.6 ℃ to prepare solid dry ice doped with the high-hardness sand, and crushing the solid dry ice into particles;
the jet nozzle device is used for mixing dry ice chips doped with high-hardness sand and obtained by the cooling fluid preparation device with the saturated carbon dioxide solution obtained by the pressurized jet fluid preparation device, spraying the saturated carbon dioxide solution, the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution is higher than the deep sea environmental pressure, the sprayed liquid is subjected to cavitation to generate cavitation bubbles, and the cavitation bubbles collapse under the action of the environmental pressure to generate cavitation effect and wash the hard seabed.
The technical scheme directly brings the following beneficial technical effects:
in the technical scheme, the cavitation erosion method for cavitation erosion of carbon dioxide gas by cavitation precipitation of the saturated carbon dioxide solution doped with the abrasive is provided, and the saturated carbon dioxide solution with high-hardness sand and dry ice chips is ejected through a nozzle jet device; the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution is higher than 6MPa, the deep sea environment pressure is 5MPa-6MPa (the saturated carbon dioxide solution pressure is higher than the environment pressure and is easier to be ejected) when the water depth is 500-600 m, the environment temperature is 5-10 ℃, and the saturated vapor pressure of the carbon dioxide at 5-10 ℃ is 3.96-4.51 MPa; according to Bernoulli's equation
The greater the liquid flow rate, the lower the pressure, and therefore the greater the degree of freedom from the nozzle>
The pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution is lower than the saturated vapor pressure of carbon dioxide at the sea bottom of about 500-600 meters, so that cavitation occurs, carbon dioxide gas is separated out, the environmental pressure in deep sea is higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the corresponding temperature of the liquid, cavitation bubbles collapse, so that shock waves are generated to erode the hard seabed, meanwhile, the high temperature and high pressure are caused by the ejection of the saturated carbon dioxide solution, heat exchange occurs to dry ice particles, carbon dioxide solids are quickly sublimated into gas, and the number of cavitation nuclei is increased, so that the cavitation jet intensity is further enhanced; and the surface fissures of the abrasive particles contain gas, so that additional cavitation nuclei are provided, the number of cavitation nuclei in the jet flow is increased, the pressure required for cavitation initiation is reduced, and the cavitation intensity of the jet flow is further improved.
The technical scheme utilizes the corrosiveness and water-soluble characteristics of carbon dioxide, wherein cavitation mainly utilizes shock waves generated by collapse of cavitation bubbles to erode the hard seabed, carbon dioxide solution can better separate out gas than water, and an abrasive is used as an auxiliary material, so that the surface of abrasive particles can separate out gas, the cavitation intensity can be increased, and the method is suitable for deep sea environment.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the relay device comprises a relay storage tank and a depressurization mechanism, wherein the depressurization mechanism is used for reducing the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide to 0.52-3.8 MPa and converting the liquid carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide; the cooling refers to cooling the gaseous carbon dioxide solution, and the cooling range is not lower than the temperature corresponding to the conversion of the liquid carbon dioxide into the gaseous carbon dioxide under the corresponding critical pressure.
As another preferred scheme of the invention, the pressurized jet fluid preparation device comprises a first conveying pipeline, a first one-way control valve, a refrigerator, a second one-way control valve, a gas-liquid mixing chamber, a third one-way control valve, a supercharging device and a sixth one-way control valve, wherein the first one-way control valve is positioned at one end close to the relay storage tank, the refrigerator is positioned between the first one-way control valve and the second one-way control valve, and the refrigerator reduces the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide to increase the solubility of the gaseous carbon dioxide in water; the gas-liquid mixing chamber is positioned between the second unidirectional control valve and the third unidirectional control valve, the gas-liquid mixing chamber is used for fully mixing gaseous carbon dioxide and water, and the pressurizing device is used for pressurizing saturated carbon dioxide solution formed in the gas-liquid mixing chamber to enable the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution to reach more than 6 MPa.
Further, the cooling fluid preparation device comprises a conveying pipeline II, a one-way control valve IV, a mixing chamber, a solidification chamber, a crushing chamber and a one-way control valve IV, one end of the conveying pipeline II is connected with the outlet II of the relay storage tank, the other end of the conveying pipeline II is connected with the nozzle jet device, the one-way control valve IV is close to one end of the relay storage tank, the mixing chamber, the solidification chamber and the crushing chamber are sequentially connected, the solidification chamber is used for manufacturing dry ice doped with high-hardness sand, and the crushing chamber is used for crushing the dry ice doped with the high-hardness sand into fine particles.
Furthermore, the walking device is a submarine mine car, and the relay device is arranged at the tail part of the submarine mine car.
Further, the nozzle jet device comprises a cavity, a mixing cavity and an orifice, the saturated carbon dioxide solution doped with dry ice chips entering the nozzle jet device is sprayed from the nozzle of the orifice after being uniformly mixed in sequence through the cavity and the mixing cavity, and the spraying speed v is calculated according to the formula (1):
in the formula (1), v is the injection speed, P is the liquid pressure, ρ is the liquid density, and C is a constant.
Further, the Mohs hardness of the high-hardness sand is more than 7, and the high-hardness sand is selected from silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or garnet with the granularity of 60-150 meshes.
Further, the cross-sectional area decreases in sequence from the inlet end of the chamber to the mixing chamber.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for erosion of a hard seabed by combining carbon dioxide and an abrasive cavitation jet, which adopts the above-mentioned hard seabed erosion system by combining carbon dioxide and an abrasive cavitation jet, the method for erosion comprising the steps of:
a. the gas source providing system provides carbon dioxide for the relay device through the transportation system, and when the gaseous carbon dioxide provided by the gas source providing system reaches the relay device positioned in the deep sea, the gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into liquid carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide is subjected to depressurization and then is temporarily stored;
b. the carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a pressurized jet fluid preparation device, and saturated carbon dioxide solution with the pressure of more than 6MPa is obtained after cooling and pressurizing in sequence;
c. carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters the cooling fluid preparation device, is uniformly mixed with high-hardness sand in the mixing chamber, then enters the solidification chamber to be condensed to below-56.6 ℃ to prepare solid dry ice doped with the high-hardness sand, and then is crushed into particles;
d. and c, enabling the saturated carbon dioxide solution obtained in the step b and the dry ice abrasive obtained in the step c to enter a nozzle jet device, fully mixing, quickly jetting out the mixture through a nozzle of the nozzle jet device, generating cavitation bubbles by cavitation of the jetted liquid, collapsing the cavitation bubbles by the environment pressure being higher than the saturated vapor pressure, generating high-pressure shock waves to achieve the effect of high-efficiency erosion, and completing erosion of a hard seabed.
In step d, the sprayed excess carbon dioxide is deposited near the sea floor and encapsulates the sea floor, which effectively captures the microparticles suspended in the water by interfacial tension with the water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) Compared with the traditional cavitation water jet flow, the saturated carbon dioxide solution doped with the dry ice abrasive can separate out more bubbles in the jet flow process under the seabed environment, cavitation phenomenon is easier to generate, the dry ice in the solution sublimates after being sprayed out, the bubbles in the jet flow are increased, the cavitation phenomenon with larger impact force is generated in the seabed high-pressure environment, and the high-efficiency erosion of the hard seabed is realized by matching with certain corrosiveness of carbon dioxide.
(2) The abrasive is used as crystal tuberculosis, and dry ice is prepared in advance, so that the freezing point of pure carbon dioxide is greatly reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
(3) The redundant carbon dioxide liquid generated by jet flow of the nozzle jet flow device can be deposited near the seabed to wrap the seabed, and the interfacial tension between the redundant carbon dioxide liquid and water can effectively catch microparticles suspended in the water, so that the plume diffusion of sediment generated by jet flow exploitation is prevented, and the submarine environment is protected; the submarine acidity can be slowly improved due to the fact that carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, an expelling effect is achieved on submarine organisms, along with the end of engineering, the submarine can automatically decompose and dilute the carbon dioxide, the influence on submarine environment can be reduced, and part of carbon dioxide forms stable forms such as hydrates on the submarine, so that the sealing and storing of the carbon dioxide are achieved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the hard seabed erosion process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the hard seabed erosion system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view mainly showing the structures of a pressurized jet fluid preparation device, a cooling fluid preparation device and a relay device located on the sea bottom of the deep sea;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a nozzle jet device;
in the figure: 1. the device comprises a transportation system, 11, an air source supply system, 12, transportation pipelines, 13, a relay device, 131, a depressurization mechanism, 132, a relay storage tank, 2, a pressurized jet fluid preparation device, 21, a first transportation pipeline, 22, a first unidirectional control valve, 23, a refrigerator, 24, a second unidirectional control valve, 25, a gas-liquid mixing chamber, 26, a third unidirectional control valve, 27, a supercharging device, 28, a sixth unidirectional control valve, 3, a cooling fluid preparation device, 31, a second transportation pipeline, 32, a fourth unidirectional control valve, 33, a mixing chamber, 34, a solidification chamber, 35, a crushing chamber, 36, a fifth unidirectional control valve, 4, a nozzle jet device, 41, a chamber, 42, a cavity opening, 411 and a mixing cavity.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a hard seabed erosion system and a method combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet flow, and in order to make the advantages and the technical scheme of the invention clearer and more definite, the invention is further described below by combining specific embodiments.
The invention mainly utilizes the shock wave generated by the collapse of cavitation bubbles to wash the hard seabed, and the saturated carbon dioxide solution can better separate out gas than water, and then the abrasive is assisted, so that the surface of abrasive particles can separate out gas, the cavitation strength can be increased, and the hard seabed can be better washed out, and the application scene of the technical scheme of the invention is in a deep sea environment.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the hard seabed erosion system combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet flow comprises an air source providing system 11, a conveying system 1, a walking device positioned in the deep sea, a relay device 13 positioned on the walking device, a pressurized jet fluid preparation device 2, a cooling fluid preparation device 3 and a nozzle jet device 4;
the air source providing system 1 is connected with the relay device through a transportation system, and the specific air source providing system 1 is air source providing equipment positioned on the sea surface, and the air source providing equipment provides a carbon dioxide air source in a form of releasing and storing or directly transporting from land, such as a sea surface supporting ship which is provided with a carbon dioxide storage device or a carbon dioxide device for transporting from land to the sea surface.
The gas source providing system is used for conveying the gaseous carbon dioxide to the relay device through the transportation system; the transport system 1 comprises a transport pipe 12 through which transport pipe 12 gaseous carbon dioxide is transported to a relay device located at the bottom of the deep sea.
The walking device is a movable submarine mine car, and the relay device, the pressurized jet fluid preparation device, the cooling fluid preparation device and the nozzle jet device are all arranged on the submarine mine car so as to realize exploitation of submarine minerals, and the structure of the submarine mine car can be realized by referencing the prior art.
The relay device is arranged at the tail part of the submarine mine car and connected with the transportation system, and the relay device is used for temporarily storing and depressurizing the carbon dioxide provided by the transportation system.
As shown in fig. 3, the relay device includes a relay storage tank 132 and a depressurization mechanism 131, when carbon dioxide reaches the deep sea, it has become liquid (temperature 5-10 ℃ and pressure 5-6 MPa) due to the deep sea pressure and temperature, a part of the liquid carbon dioxide is depressurized by the relay storage tank to be converted into a gas (the liquid carbon dioxide is less soluble in water than the carbon dioxide gas), and a part of the liquid carbon dioxide is temporarily stored in the relay storage tank. The liquid carbon dioxide is depressurized to 0.52MPa to 3.8MPa in the relay storage tank 13 by a depressurization mechanism to become carbon dioxide gas (if the depressurization is performed to 3.8MPa or more based on the carbon dioxide phase diagram, the carbon dioxide is still in a liquid state).
The relay storage tank 132 is provided with two outlets, namely a first outlet and a second outlet, the first outlet and the second outlet are respectively connected with a first conveying pipeline 21 and a second conveying pipeline 31 which are parallel to each other, one end of the first conveying pipeline 21 is connected with the first outlet of the relay storage tank, the other end of the first conveying pipeline 21 is connected with the nozzle jet device 4, the first conveying pipeline 21 is respectively provided with a first one-way control valve 22, a refrigerator 23, a second one-way control valve 24, a gas-liquid mixing chamber 25, a third one-way control valve 26, a supercharging device 27 and a sixth one-way control valve 28, the first one-way control valve 22 is positioned at one end close to the relay storage tank, the refrigerator 23 is positioned between the first one-way control valve 22 and the second one-way control valve 24, and the refrigerator reduces the temperature of gaseous carbon dioxide to increase the solubility in water; the gas-liquid mixing chamber is positioned between the second unidirectional control valve and the third unidirectional control valve, the gas-liquid mixing chamber is used for fully mixing gaseous carbon dioxide and water, and the pressurizing device is used for pressurizing saturated carbon dioxide solution formed in the gas-liquid mixing chamber to enable the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution to be more than 6 MPa.
The first delivery pipe 21, the first check valve 22, the refrigerator 23, the second check valve 24, the gas-liquid mixing chamber 25, the third check valve 26, the pressurizing device 27 and the sixth check valve 28 together form the pressurized jet fluid preparation device 2. The gaseous carbon dioxide entering the pressurized jet fluid preparation device 2 flows through the first one-way control valve 22 through the first conveying pipeline 21, then enters the refrigerator, and under the action of the refrigerator, the temperature of the carbon dioxide gas is reduced (the temperature corresponding to the condition that the carbon dioxide liquid state is converted into the gaseous state and is not lower than the corresponding critical pressure) so as to improve the solubility of the carbon dioxide gas in water, the flow rate of the carbon dioxide gas is controlled to be fully mixed with the water in the gas-liquid mixing chamber 25 through the second one-way control valve 24, the carbon dioxide solution is saturated, the flow rate of the saturated carbon dioxide solution is controlled to flow through the third one-way control valve 26, the flow rate of the saturated carbon dioxide solution is controlled to flow through the pressurizing device 27, the pressurizing is carried out, the saturated carbon dioxide solution is pressurized to reach more than 6Mpa, and then the saturated carbon dioxide solution flows through the sixth one-way control valve 28 to enter the mixing cavity 411 in the nozzle device 4.
The cooling fluid preparation device is connected with the relay device; the cooling fluid preparation device is used for cooling the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, then mixing the carbon dioxide with high-hardness sand, condensing the mixture to below-56.6 ℃ to prepare solid dry ice doped with the high-hardness sand, crushing the solid dry ice into particles, and finally fully mixing the saturated carbon dioxide solution obtained by the pressurized jet fluid preparation device and the dry ice abrasive obtained by the cooling fluid preparation device into the nozzle jet device and spraying the mixture from the nozzle.
The Mohs hardness of the high-hardness sand is more than 7, and the high-hardness sand is preferably silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or garnet with the granularity of 60-150 meshes.
As shown in fig. 3, the cooling fluid preparation device comprises a second conveying pipeline 31, a fourth one-way control valve 32, a mixing chamber 33, a solidification chamber 34, a crushing chamber 35 and a fifth one-way control valve 36, wherein one end of the second conveying pipeline is connected to the second outlet of the relay storage tank, the other end of the second conveying pipeline is connected to the nozzle jet device, the fourth one-way control valve is near one end of the relay storage tank, the mixing chamber, the solidification chamber and the crushing chamber are sequentially connected, the solidification chamber is used for manufacturing dry ice doped with high-hardness sand, and the crushing chamber is used for crushing the dry ice doped with high-hardness sand into fine particles.
The abrasive material doped with hard sand is obtained through the mixing chamber, the setting chamber and the crushing chamber and can be fed into the nozzle jet device through the one-way control valve 36.
The second outlet of the relay device flows through the fourth unidirectional control valve 32 through the second conveying pipeline 31, enters the mixing chamber 33, is mixed with high-hardness sand, then enters the cooling and solidifying chamber 34 to be solidified into solid dry ice, enters the crushing chamber 35, and enters the mixing chamber 411 in the nozzle device 4 after the crushing chamber is crushed into particles.
As shown in fig. 4, the nozzle jet device was used to jet a saturated carbon dioxide solution doped with high hardness sand and dry ice chips.
The nozzle jet device comprises a chamber 41, a mixing cavity 411 and a cavity opening 42, heating fluid and cooling fluid entering the nozzle jet device are sequentially sprayed from a nozzle of the cavity opening after passing through the chamber and the mixing cavity, and the spraying speed v is calculated according to the formula (1):
in the formula (1), v is the injection speed, P is the liquid pressure, ρ is the liquid density, and C is a constant.
Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the chamber decreases from the inlet end of the chamber to the mixing chamber, thus facilitating rapid ejection of hot and cold fluid.
The jet angle of the jet nozzle jet device can be adjusted between 30 degrees and 60 degrees so as to meet different sea conditions.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method of erosion will be described in detail in connection with an erosion system for a hard seabed.
Firstly, an air source providing system provides carbon dioxide for a relay device through the transportation system, and when the gaseous carbon dioxide provided by the air source providing system reaches the relay device positioned in the deep sea, the gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into liquid carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide is depressurized and temporarily stored;
step two, carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a pressurized jet fluid preparation device, and saturated carbon dioxide solution with the pressure higher than 6MPa is obtained through cooling and pressurizing;
step three, carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a cooling fluid preparation device, is uniformly mixed with high-hardness sand in a mixing chamber, then enters a solidification chamber to be solidified into solid dry ice, and then is crushed into particles;
and fourthly, the saturated carbon dioxide solution obtained in the second step and the dry ice abrasive obtained in the third step enter a nozzle jet device, after being fully mixed, the dry ice abrasive is quickly ejected through a nozzle of the nozzle jet device, cavitation bubbles are generated by cavitation of the ejected liquid, the cavitation bubbles collapse due to the fact that the environmental pressure is higher than the saturated vapor pressure, high-pressure shock waves are generated to achieve the effect of high-efficiency erosion, and erosion of a hard seabed is completed. As shown in fig. 4, the spray nozzle of the nozzle jet device sprays saturated carbon dioxide solution with high-hardness sand and dry ice chips; the pressure of saturated carbon dioxide solution doped with high-hardness sand and dry ice chips is more than 6MPa, the deep sea environment pressure is 5MPa-6MPa (ensuring that the saturated carbon dioxide solution pressure is more easily ejected than the environment pressure) when the water depth is 500-600 m, the environment temperature is 5-10 ℃, and the saturated vapor pressure of carbon dioxide at 5-10 ℃ is 3.96-4.51 MPa; according to Bernoulli's equation
The greater the liquid flow rate, the lower the pressure, and therefore the greater the pressure, the greater the pressure at the nozzleThe method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of injecting at a fixed speed, enabling the pressure of saturated carbon dioxide solution to be lower than the saturated carbon dioxide steam pressure at the sea bottom of about 500-600 m, so that cavitation is generated, carbon dioxide gas is separated out, and cavitation bubbles collapse when the environmental pressure in the deep sea is higher than the saturated steam pressure at the corresponding temperature of the liquid, so that shock waves are generated to erode the hard sea bed.
Meanwhile, the high temperature and high pressure are caused by the ejection of liquid carbon dioxide, the heat exchange of dry ice particles occurs, and carbon dioxide solids are quickly sublimated into gas, so that the number of cavitation nuclei is increased, and the cavitation jet intensity is further enhanced; and the surface fissures of the abrasive particles contain gas, so that additional cavitation nuclei are provided, the number of cavitation nuclei in the jet flow is increased, the pressure required for cavitation initiation is reduced, and the cavitation intensity of the jet flow is further improved.
The sprayed excess carbon dioxide deposits near the sea floor and encapsulates the sea floor, which effectively captures microparticles suspended in the water by interfacial tension with the water.
The specific structures and methods of use of the "pressurizing device", "relay device", "depressurization mechanism", "mixing chamber", "coagulation chamber", "crushing chamber" described herein may be implemented by those skilled in the art with reference to the prior art, and will not be described in detail herein.
The parts not described in the invention can be realized by referring to the prior art.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a stereoplasm seabed erosion system that carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet combine, its includes air supply system and transport system, its characterized in that:
the device also comprises a walking device positioned in the deep sea, a relay device positioned on the walking device, a pressurized jet fluid preparation device, a cooling fluid preparation device and a nozzle jet device;
the gas source providing system is connected with the relay device through the transportation system and is used for conveying the gaseous carbon dioxide to the relay device through the transportation system;
the relay device is used for temporarily storing the carbon dioxide provided by the transportation system and reducing the pressure of the carbon dioxide to 0.52-3.8 MPa;
the pressurized jet fluid preparation device and the cooling fluid preparation device are respectively connected with the relay device;
the pressurized jet fluid preparation device is used for sequentially cooling and pressurizing the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device to obtain a saturated carbon dioxide solution with the pressure of more than 6 MPa; the cooling fluid preparation device is used for cooling the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, mixing the cooled carbon dioxide with high-hardness sand, condensing the mixture to below-56.6 ℃ to prepare solid dry ice doped with the high-hardness sand, and crushing the solid dry ice into particles;
the jet nozzle device is used for mixing dry ice chips doped with high-hardness sand and obtained by the cooling fluid preparation device with the saturated carbon dioxide solution obtained by the pressurized jet fluid preparation device, spraying the saturated carbon dioxide solution, the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution is higher than the deep sea environmental pressure, the sprayed liquid is subjected to cavitation to generate cavitation bubbles, and the cavitation bubbles collapse under the action of the environmental pressure to generate cavitation effect and wash the hard seabed.
2. A hard seabed washout system combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jets as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the relay device comprises a relay storage tank and a depressurization mechanism, wherein the depressurization mechanism is used for reducing the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide to 0.52-3.8 MPa and converting the liquid carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide; the step of cooling the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device by the pressurized jet fluid preparation device is to cool the gaseous carbon dioxide solution, and the cooling range is not lower than the temperature corresponding to the conversion of the liquid carbon dioxide with the corresponding critical pressure into the gaseous carbon dioxide.
3. A hard seabed washout system combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jets as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the pressurized jet fluid preparation device comprises a conveying pipeline I, a one-way control valve I, a refrigerator, a one-way control valve II, a gas-liquid mixing chamber, a one-way control valve III, a supercharging device and a one-way control valve VI, wherein the one-way control valve I is arranged at one end close to the relay storage tank, the refrigerator is arranged between the one-way control valve I and the one-way control valve II, and the refrigerator reduces the temperature of gaseous carbon dioxide to increase the solubility of the gaseous carbon dioxide in water; the gas-liquid mixing chamber is positioned between the second unidirectional control valve and the third unidirectional control valve, the gas-liquid mixing chamber is used for fully mixing gaseous carbon dioxide and water, and the pressurizing device is used for pressurizing saturated carbon dioxide solution formed in the gas-liquid mixing chamber to enable the pressure of the saturated carbon dioxide solution to reach more than 6 MPa.
4. A hard seabed washout system combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jets as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the cooling fluid preparation device comprises a conveying pipeline II, a one-way control valve IV, a mixing chamber, a solidification chamber, a crushing chamber and a one-way control valve IV, wherein one end of the conveying pipeline II is connected with the outlet II of the relay storage tank, the other end of the conveying pipeline II is connected with the nozzle jet device, the one-way control valve IV is close to one end of the relay storage tank, the mixing chamber, the solidification chamber and the crushing chamber are sequentially connected, the solidification chamber is used for manufacturing dry ice doped with high-hardness sand, and the crushing chamber is used for crushing the dry ice doped with the high-hardness sand into fine particles.
5. A hard seabed washout system combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jets as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the walking device is a submarine mine car, and the relay device is arranged at the tail part of the submarine mine car.
6. A hard seabed washout system combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jets as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nozzle jet device comprises a cavity, a mixing cavity and a cavity opening, wherein saturated carbon dioxide solution doped with dry ice chips entering the nozzle jet device is sprayed from a nozzle of the cavity opening after being uniformly mixed in sequence through the cavity and the mixing cavity, and the spraying speed v is calculated according to the formula (1):
in the formula (1), v is the injection speed, P is the liquid pressure, ρ is the liquid density, and C is a constant.
7. A hard seabed washout system combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jets as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the Mohs hardness of the high-hardness sand is more than 7, and the high-hardness sand is selected from silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or garnet with the granularity of 60-150 meshes.
8. A hard seabed washout system in combination with carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jets as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the cross-sectional area decreases in sequence from the inlet end of the chamber to the mixing chamber.
9. A method for erosion of a hard seabed by combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet, which is characterized in that the method adopts a hard seabed erosion system by combining carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jet according to claim 4, and comprises the following steps:
a. the gas source providing system provides carbon dioxide for the relay device through the transportation system, and when the gaseous carbon dioxide provided by the gas source providing system reaches the relay device positioned in the deep sea, the gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into liquid carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide is subjected to depressurization and then is temporarily stored;
b. the carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters a pressurized jet fluid preparation device, and saturated carbon dioxide solution with the pressure of more than 6MPa is obtained after cooling and pressurizing in sequence;
c. carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters the cooling fluid preparation device, is uniformly mixed with high-hardness sand in the mixing chamber, then enters the solidification chamber to be condensed to below-56.6 ℃ to prepare solid dry ice doped with the high-hardness sand, and then is crushed into particles;
d. and c, enabling the saturated carbon dioxide solution obtained in the step b and the dry ice abrasive obtained in the step c to enter a nozzle jet device, fully mixing, quickly jetting out the mixture through the nozzle jet device, generating cavitation bubbles by cavitation of the jetted liquid, collapsing the cavitation bubbles due to the fact that the environmental pressure is higher than the saturated vapor pressure, generating high-pressure shock waves to achieve the effect of high-efficiency erosion, and completing erosion of a hard seabed.
10. A method of hard seabed washout with a combination of carbon dioxide and abrasive cavitation jets as claimed in claim 9, wherein: in step d, the sprayed excess carbon dioxide is deposited near the sea floor and encapsulates the sea floor, which effectively captures the microparticles suspended in the water by interfacial tension with the water.
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