CN115812044A - 具有不透明的掩蔽区域和部分透明的反射涂层的复合玻璃板 - Google Patents

具有不透明的掩蔽区域和部分透明的反射涂层的复合玻璃板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115812044A
CN115812044A CN202280002716.8A CN202280002716A CN115812044A CN 115812044 A CN115812044 A CN 115812044A CN 202280002716 A CN202280002716 A CN 202280002716A CN 115812044 A CN115812044 A CN 115812044A
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China
Prior art keywords
glass pane
composite glass
region
functional element
see
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Pending
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CN202280002716.8A
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English (en)
Inventor
J·P·杰玛特
F·雅克
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Publication of CN115812044A publication Critical patent/CN115812044A/zh
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及复合玻璃板，其包括通过热塑性中间层(3)相互接合的外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(2)，其中复合玻璃板具有不透明的掩蔽区域(M)和透明的透视区域(D)，其中中间层(3)具有覆盖整个透视区域(D)的功能元件(4)，其中功能元件(4)的侧边缘的至少一个区域不延伸到复合玻璃板的侧边缘，而是布置在掩蔽区域(M)中，且其中外玻璃板(1)的背离中间层(3)的表面(I)在掩蔽区域(M)中具有涂覆区域(b)的图案，该涂覆区域配备有部分透明的反射涂层(11)。

Description

具有不透明的掩蔽区域和部分透明的反射涂层的复合玻璃板
本发明涉及具有透明的透视区域和不透明的掩蔽区域的复合玻璃板及其用途。
复合玻璃板在运载工具领域和建筑领域常规作为装配玻璃。它们由通过热塑性中间层相互接合的外玻璃板和内玻璃板组成。在此通常将各种类型的功能元件嵌入到中间层中，所述功能元件为复合玻璃板配备所需功能。这种功能元件的实例是IR反射和/或可加热涂层。另一实例是具有可电控光学性能的功能元件，例如SPD功能元件(悬浮颗粒装置)、PDLC功能元件(聚合物分散液晶)或电致变色功能元件。这种功能元件和配备其的复合玻璃板的光学性能，特别是它们的光透射或光散射可以通过所施加的电压来控制。
功能元件的侧边缘通常不延伸到复合玻璃板的侧边缘，从而使功能元件可靠地嵌入在复合玻璃板中且被保护免于腐蚀和损坏。如果功能元件的侧边缘位于复合玻璃板的透视区域中，则会对于观察者而言显得干扰性并降低复合玻璃板的美学价值。这尤其适用于必须电接触的功能元件，例如可加热层或具有可电控光学性能的功能元件。电接触通常通过对于观察者而言同样不应可见的汇流排和电缆实现。因此，通常为复合玻璃板配备不透明的掩蔽区域，该掩蔽区域通常以环绕形式位于外周边缘区域中，通过该掩蔽区域似乎遮盖所述功能元件的侧边缘以及可能的电触点。掩蔽区域通常由不透明的、通常黑色的覆盖印刷物在外玻璃板和内玻璃板上形成。实例参见WO2017157626A1。
WO2020094324A1和WO2014174308A1也公开了具有嵌入的功能元件和不透明的掩蔽区域的复合玻璃板。
用于挡风玻璃板、后玻璃板和顶玻璃板的这种不透明掩蔽区域长期以来在运载工具领域中常见，以保护用于安装的胶粘剂免受UV辐射。相反，对于其它玻璃板，例如对于运载工具侧玻璃板或建筑装配玻璃而言，掩蔽区域并不常见，因此对于观察者而言显得不寻常且在视觉上较不吸引人。因此，需要具有不透明的掩蔽区域的复合玻璃板，其在美学上吸引人且被观察者认为较不干扰。
从随后公布的国际专利申请WO2022117955A1和WO2022073894A1中已知经印刷的部分透明的反射涂层，其包含金属氧化物。
本发明的基本目的是提供改进的复合玻璃板，其具有功能元件、透明的透视区域和不透明的掩蔽区域，其中掩蔽区域被设计为在美学上吸引人。
该目的通过根据独立权利要求1的复合玻璃板来实现。优选的实施方式出现在从属权利要求中。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板包括至少一个外玻璃板和内玻璃板，它们通过热塑性中间层相互接合。复合玻璃板被设置用于在窗户开口(特别是运载工具的窗户开口，但替代地也可以是建筑物或房间的窗户开口)中将内部空间与外部环境隔开。在本发明的意义上，内玻璃板是指面向内部空间的玻璃板。外玻璃板是指面向外部环境的玻璃板。外玻璃板和内玻璃板各自具有外侧和内侧表面以及在它们之间延伸的环绕的侧边缘表面。在本发明的意义上，外侧表面是指被设置为在安装位置中面向外部环境的主表面。在本发明的意义上，内侧表面是指被设置为在安装位置中面向内部空间的主表面。外玻璃板的内侧表面和内玻璃板的外侧表面彼此面对并且通过热塑性中间层相互接合。
外玻璃板和内玻璃板优选是玻璃板，特别优选由钠钙玻璃制成，如对于窗户玻璃板而言常见。然而，玻璃板中的一个或两个也可以由其它类型的玻璃，例如石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃或铝硅酸盐玻璃，或由刚性清澈塑料，例如聚碳酸酯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯制成。玻璃板可以是清澈的或着色或有色的。外玻璃板和内玻璃板的厚度彼此独立地优选为0.5mm至5mm，特别优选1mm至3mm。
中间层优选由至少一个热塑性膜(接合膜)形成。所述至少一个膜(接合膜)优选基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)或聚氨酯(PU)，特别优选基于PVB。这意味着该膜主要包含所述材料(超过50重量%的比例)并且还可以包含任选其它成分，例如增塑剂、稳定剂、UV或IR吸收剂。每个热塑性膜的厚度优选为0.2mm至2mm，特别优选0.3mm至1mm。例如，可以使用具有0.38mm或0.76mm的标准厚度的膜，特别是PVB膜。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板具有不透明的掩蔽区域和透明的透视区域。在本发明的意义上，掩蔽区域是指复合玻璃板的不能透过其透视的区域。掩蔽区域的光透射率优选基本上为0％。在本发明的意义上，透视区域是指能够透过玻璃板透视并因此具有一定的透明度或至少半透明度的玻璃板区域。透视区域的光透射率优选为至少10％，特别优选至少20％。如果根据本发明的功能元件具有可电控的光学性能，则该说明基于功能元件的透明状态(最大光透射和/或最小光散射)。
在一个典型实施方式中，掩蔽区域以框架形式包围透视区域。掩蔽区域因此以环绕方式包围透视区域布置。掩蔽区域通常在此形成复合玻璃板的边缘区域的至少局部。这意味着掩蔽区域至少与复合玻璃板的侧边缘的区段相邻。
掩蔽区域由布置在相对于功能元件而言外侧的不透明元件形成。这意味着相比于功能元件而言，所述不透明元件与外部环境的距离较小。由此防止从外部看到功能元件的侧边缘。
在一个优选实施方式中，掩蔽区域由外玻璃板的面向中间层的内侧表面上的覆盖印刷物形成。换言之，内玻璃板的内侧表面配备有覆盖印刷物，由此防止透过复合玻璃板的透视并产生掩蔽区域。这种覆盖印刷物尤其在运载工具领域中普及，尤其是用于挡风玻璃板、后玻璃板和顶玻璃板。覆盖印刷物通常包含颜料和玻璃料。玻璃料可以熔化，覆盖印刷物由此持久地与玻璃表面接合(熔合)。颜料提供掩蔽区域的不透明度。覆盖印刷物优选地印刷到外玻璃板上，特别是通过丝网印刷法。颜料通常是黑色颜料，例如炭黑(炭黑)、苯胺黑、骨黑、氧化铁黑、尖晶石黑和/或石墨。覆盖印刷物优选具有5μm至50μm，特别优选8μm至25μm的厚度。任选地，内玻璃板也可以配备有覆盖印刷物，特别是其内侧表面。
然而替代地，掩蔽区域也可以通过中间层中的着色或有色膜形成。例如，功能元件和外玻璃板之间的至少一个热塑性接合膜可以在掩蔽区域中是着色的，或接合层可以由不同膜的多个区段组合而成，其中在掩蔽区域中使用着色膜并且在透视区域中使用清澈膜。替代地，也可以将不透明膜嵌入到功能元件和外玻璃板之间的中间层中。
任选地，也可以在相对于功能元件而言的内侧在掩蔽区域中布置另一个不透明元件。由此也防止从内部看到功能元件的侧边缘。例如，内玻璃板也可以配备有覆盖印刷物，特别是其内侧表面，或者在功能元件和内玻璃板之间可存在不透明膜。
除了接合膜之外，中间层还具有功能元件。换言之，中间层包括功能元件，中间层配备有功能元件，或功能元件嵌入到中间层中。功能元件因此布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间并且可以任选地与外玻璃板和/或内玻璃板的面向中间层的表面直接物理接触。特别地，功能元件以面形式布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间，基本上平行于所述玻璃板。
在本发明的意义上，功能元件被理解为是指为复合玻璃板的透视区域配备附加的功能或性能的平坦的、尤其层状或膜状的元件或部件。例如，这可以涉及颜色、对电磁辐射的影响、加热功能或可以电控制光学性能(特别是光透射或光散射的程度)的可能性。
功能元件覆盖复合玻璃板的整个透视区域。这意味着功能元件布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间，以使得整个透视区域配备有功能元件。穿过复合玻璃板的透视区域的光也必然总是也穿过功能元件。
根据本发明，功能元件的侧边缘的至少一个区域不延伸到复合玻璃板的侧边缘。因此，功能元件的侧边缘的至少一个区域不与复合玻璃板的侧边缘齐平布置，而该复合玻璃板的侧边缘又由内玻璃板、外玻璃板和中间层的(基本齐平的)侧边缘形成。取而代之的是，功能元件的侧边缘的所述区域相对于复合玻璃板的侧边缘而言回缩并布置在掩蔽区域中。因此，功能元件的面积大于透视区域的面积，但小于整个复合玻璃板的面积。
通常，功能元件的整个环绕侧边缘不延伸到复合玻璃板的侧边缘，而是布置在掩蔽区域中。因此，不存在与复合玻璃板的侧边缘齐平布置的功能元件的侧边缘区域。功能元件的环绕侧边缘因此似乎相对于复合玻璃板的侧边缘而言回缩。在一个有利的实施方式中，功能元件的侧边缘和复合玻璃板的侧边缘之间的距离为至少15mm，以确保边缘区域中外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间的稳定接合并防止水分渗入到功能元件中。
因为功能元件的侧边缘不延伸到复合玻璃板的侧边缘，所以可以防止功能元件与周围大气之间的直接接触。取而代之，功能元件完全嵌入在复合玻璃板中。当功能元件包含在与大气接触时会腐蚀的金属成分时，这是特别有利的。在一个特别有利的实施方式中，功能元件因此包含金属，特别是至少一个基于金属的薄层。
由于功能元件的侧边缘布置在掩蔽区域中，因此其对于观察者而言不可见。可见的侧边缘会显得干扰性并降低复合玻璃板的美学价值。
根据本发明，外玻璃板的背离中间层的外侧表面在掩蔽区域中具有涂覆区域的图案，该涂覆区域配备有部分透明的反射涂层。所述图案至少存在于掩蔽区域的区段中并且可以任选地延伸超出掩蔽区域到透视区域上。通过根据本发明的涂覆区域的图案，掩蔽区域被设计成对于外侧观察者而言在美学上更吸引人。这是本发明的一大优点。掩蔽区域此时显得较不干扰性。这对于通常不存在遮蔽条的这种玻璃板而言特别有利，所述掩蔽条对于观察者而言会显得特别干扰性(例如建筑领域中的复合玻璃板或运载工具侧玻璃板，特别是可升高和降低的侧玻璃板)。内玻璃板的背对中间层的内侧表面同样可以任选地配备有具有部分透明的反射涂层的涂覆区域的图案，由此使得掩蔽区域也被设计成对于外侧观察者而言更美观。
在本发明的意义上，部分透明的反射涂层被理解为是指使射到其上的在380nm至780nm的可见光谱范围内的电磁辐射的显著比例透射并且也反射所述辐射的显著比例的涂层。显著比例在此特别被理解为是指大于10%的比例。在一个有利的实施方式中，如果涂层施加到厚度为3.85mm的清澈钠钙玻璃板上，使用D65光源测量的综合光透射率和综合光反射率各自为至少10%，优选至少15%，特别优选至少20%。在此，光反射率在10°的入射角和观察角下测量，其中除了定向反射外还考虑漫反射。在所述条件下的综合光透射率特别优选为60％至90％，特别是70％至80％，并且综合光反射率为10％至40％，特别是20％至30％。
涂覆区域的图案意味着在掩蔽区域中除了涂覆区域之外还存在未涂覆区域，其未配备有部分透明的反射涂层。因此，掩蔽区域没有完全配备有部分透明的反射涂层。图案优选地以这样的方式设计，以使得涂覆区域不相互连续。取而代之，涂覆区域彼此隔离，以使得每个涂覆区域通过总体上连续的未涂覆区域而与其它涂覆区域隔开。涂覆区域似乎被设计为岛状。涂覆区域的图案优选以这样的方式设计，以使得涂覆区域的面积占据率(即涂覆区域在图案总面积中的比例)为5%至90%，特别优选10%至50％，非常特别优选20％至40％。
涂覆区域可以被设计成例如几何图形的形式或符号或标志的形式，例如玻璃制造商或运载工具制造商(在运载工具玻璃板的情况下)的公司标志。
每个涂覆区域的尺寸优选为至少0.2mm，特别优选至少0.4mm，非常特别优选0.4mm至15mm。相邻涂覆区域之间的距离优选为至少0.5mm，并且涂覆区域与复合玻璃板的侧边缘之间的距离优选为至少1.5mm。
可以以不同的方式设计功能元件。在一个实施方式中，功能元件对穿过透视区域的电磁辐射具有反射作用，特别是对红外(IR)或紫外辐射部分。由此可以通过避免由于太阳辐射引起的过度加热来改进内部空间的热舒适性。功能元件例如可以是涂层，该涂层施加到外玻璃板的内侧表面或内玻璃板的外侧表面上。该涂层特别优选是IR反射涂层，其由薄层的堆叠体组成，该堆叠体包括至少一个基于金属，特别是基于银的层。功能元件也可以是经涂覆的聚合物膜，其中载体膜配备有这种IR反射涂层。载体膜通常基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)形成并且厚度为20μm至200μm。经涂覆的聚合物膜优选地布置在中间层的两个接合膜之间。
在另一个实施方式中，功能元件具有加热功能，从而可以对复合玻璃板进行电加热。在此优选使用如上被描述为IR反射涂层的类型的薄层涂层，其沉积在外玻璃板或内玻璃板上或沉积在载体膜上。导电涂层以电接触的方式且与外部电压源连接，从而可以通过电流对其进行加热。电压源的两个极通常连接到涂层的彼此相对的侧边缘。
功能元件也可以是有色涂层或有色的经涂覆或印刷的膜，以改变透视区域的颜色。
在另一个实施方式中，功能元件具有可电控的光学性能。这种功能元件包括布置在第一和第二平面电极之间的活性层或层序列。活性层或层序列具有可变的光学性能，其可以通过施加到平面电极上的电压来控制。可变的光学性能尤其涉及光透射的程度和/或光散射的程度，其中在本发明的意义上的光被理解为尤其是指380nm至780nm的光谱范围内的可见光。在本发明的意义上，可电控的光学性能被理解为尤其是指可连续控制的这种性能。然而，原则上也可以设想，可电控光学性能只能在两个离散状态之间切换。还可以设想，可电控光学性能可以在多于两个离散状态之间切换。
可电控功能元件可以是PDLC功能元件(聚合物分散液晶)。PDLC功能元件包含平面电极之间的活性层。该活性层是PDLC层并包含嵌入到聚合物基质中的液晶。PDLC功能元件通常使用交流电压工作。如果不向平面电极施加电压，则液晶以无序的方式排列，这导致穿过活性层的光发生强烈散射。如果向平面电极施加电压，则液晶沿共同方向排列，并且透过活性层的光的透射率增加。这种功能元件例如从DE 102008026339 A1中已知。在本发明的意义上，表述PDLC应被广义地解释并且包括基于液晶排列的相关功能元件，例如PNLC功能元件(聚合物网络液晶)。
替代地，可电控功能元件可以是SPD功能元件(悬浮颗粒装置)。SPD功能元件包含平面电极之间的活性层。活性层包含悬浮颗粒，其优选嵌入到粘稠的基质中。SPD功能元件使用交流电压工作。活性层对光的吸收可以通过向平面电极施加电压来改变，这会导致悬浮颗粒的定位变化。这种功能元件例如从EP 0876608 B1和WO 2011033313 A1中已知。
替代地，可电控功能元件可以是电致发光功能元件。在此，活性层包含电致发光材料，其可以是无机或有机(OLED)的。通过向平面电极施加电压来激发活性层的发光。这种功能元件例如从US 2004227462 A1和WO 2010112789 A2中已知。
在一个特别优选的实施方式中，可电控功能元件是电致变色功能元件。电致变色功能元件包含平面电极之间的活性层序列(电致变色层序列)。该活性层序列包按如下顺序的以面形式彼此叠置的：
- 离子存储层，
- 电解质层和
- 电致变色层。
电致变色层是可电控光学性能的实际载体。它是电化学活性层，其光透射率取决于离子的嵌入程度。离子(例如H+ 、Li+ 、Na+或K+离子)存储在离子存储层中并由其提供。电解质层在空间上将电致变色层与电致变色层隔开并用于离子的迁移。如果将合适极性的直流电压施加到平面电极上，则离子从离子存储层通过电解质层迁移到电致变色层中，因此电致变色层的光学性能(颜色、光透射率)根据迁移离子的程度而改变。如果在平面电极上施加相反极性的直流电压，则离子从电致变色层通过电解质层迁移回离子存储层，并且电致变色层的光学性能发生相反类型的变化。如果不向平面电极施加电压，则瞬态保持稳定。合适的电致变色层包含电致变色材料，例如无机氧化物(例如氧化钨或氧化钒)、络合化合物(例如普鲁士蓝)或导电聚合物(例如3,4-聚乙烯二氧噻吩(PEDOT)或聚苯胺)。电致变色功能元件例如从WO 2012007334 A1、US 20120026573 A1、WO 2010147494 A1和EP 1862849A1已知。电解质层通常被设计为具有高离子电导率的有机或无机电绝缘材料膜，其例如基于锂磷氧氮。离子存储层是永久透明的(纯离子存储器)或具有与电致变色层相反的电致变色行为。纯离子存储器的实例是含有钛和铈的混合氧化物的层，阳极电致变色离子存储层的实例是含有氧化铱或氧化镍的层。
电致变色功能元件因此是特别优选的，因为它们与其它可控功能元件相比具有缓慢的切换行为。其结果是，在切换操作的情况下，用户不会感知到光学性能的同时且均匀的变化，即透视区域例如不会同时且均匀地变暗。取而代之，光学性能的变化从平面电极连接到电压源的位置开始，并明显传播到功能元件的其它区域。这种不均匀的局部延迟的光学性能变化对用户而言显得不寻常且干扰性。在这种情况下，根据本发明的具有部分透明的反射涂层的印刷区域的图案可用于似乎在视觉上伴随光学性能变化的传播。通过该图案，可以指示方向，该方向对应于光学性能变化的传播方向，以使得不均匀的延迟的切换行为被感知为较少干扰性，如果不是的话甚至是希望的。对此合适和优选的图案实施方式将在后面讨论。
具有可电控光学性能的功能元件的平面电极优选是透明的，这在本发明的意义上意味着它们在可见光谱范围内具有至少50%，优选至少70%，特别优选至少80%的光透射率。平面电极尤其是导电薄层或薄层堆叠体。平面电极优选包含至少一种金属、金属合金或透明导电氧化物(透明导电氧化物，TCO)。平面电极特别优选包含至少一种透明导电氧化物。平面电极可以例如基于银、金、铜、镍、铬、钨、氧化铟锡(氧化铟锡，ITO)、镓掺杂或铝掺杂的氧化锌和/或氟掺杂或锑掺杂的氧化锡，优选基于银或ITO，尤其是ITO形成。平面电极优选具有10nm至2μm ，特别优选20nm至1μm，非常特别优选30nm至500nm，特别是50nm至200nm的厚度。如果薄层基于一种材料形成，则这在本发明的意义上意味着该层主要由该材料组成(超过50重量%，优选超过90重量%，特别是超过99重量%)，其中该层可以包含少量的其它材料，例如掺杂剂。
具有可电控光学性能的功能元件可以直接形成在外玻璃板的内侧表面上或内玻璃板的外侧表面上。然而，在一个优选实施方式中，功能元件被设计为多层膜。多层膜为层堆叠体，其中该层堆叠体的层至少包括第一载体膜、第一平面电极、活性层或活性层序列、第二平面电极和第二载体膜，它们按该顺序以面形式彼此叠置。层堆叠体的层例如通过胶粘或层压而持久稳定地相互接合。这种类型的多层膜通常是可商购的并且可以例如由玻璃制造商购买，切割成所需的尺寸并嵌入到复合玻璃板中。
所述载体膜优选包含至少一种热塑性聚合物或基于其形成，特别优选聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、氟化乙烯-丙烯、聚氟乙烯或乙烯-四氟乙烯，非常特别优选PET。这对于多层膜的稳定性特别有利。每个载体膜的厚度优选为0.05mm至1mm，特别优选0.1mm至0.5mm，尤其是0.1mm至0.2mm。一方面，通过具有如此低厚度的载体膜有利地实现其中应使用多层膜的装配玻璃的低厚度。另一方面，确保对活性层和导电层的有效保护。在根据本发明的方法中，载体膜优选不被损坏，即绝缘线不延伸到载体膜。
多层膜的侧边缘可以密封，例如通过载体膜的熔融或通过(优选聚合物)带。以这种方式，可以保护活性层，特别是防止其中嵌入有多层膜的复合玻璃板的中间层的组分(特别是增塑剂)扩散到活性层中，这可能导致功能元件的劣化。
多层膜优选嵌入到复合玻璃板的中间层中。为此，每个载体膜优选地通过至少一个热塑性接合膜各自与玻璃板之一接合。根据本身已知的方法在热、真空和/或压力的作用下进行接合。优选地，所述两个接合膜在多层膜的两侧优选以环绕形式突出超过所述多层膜。多层膜的侧边缘特别优选以环绕形式被框架状的第三热塑性接合膜包围。该第三热塑性接合膜具有凹槽，多层膜插入到该凹槽中。
具有可电控光学性能的功能元件的平面电极优选通过所谓的汇流排(汇流导体，母线)电接触。这些优选被设计为导电膜的条，例如铜膜的条。汇流排的宽度优选为1mm至10mm，例如约5mm。汇流排的厚度优选为50μm至200μm，例如约90μm。这些汇流排优选布置在功能元件的边缘区域中且与平面电极直接物理接触。特别地，汇流排完全布置在复合玻璃板的掩蔽区域中，因此它们是不可见的。汇流排本身通过电缆连接到电压源。
功能元件通常具有基本上多边形的形状，这取决于复合玻璃板的形状，例如基本上矩形、三角形或梯形的形状。所述形状可以与严格的几何多边形有轻微的偏差，例如边可以稍微弯曲而不是笔直的。然而，功能元件的环绕侧边缘具有笔直或略微弯曲的多个区段(即具有恒定或连续变化的延伸方向)，其中相邻区段通过拐角彼此隔开，延伸方向在该拐角处突然改变。
平面电极优选地在功能元件的环绕边缘区域的至少一个区段中通过各自的汇流排电接触。特别优选地，在此第一平面电极的汇流排和第二平面电极的汇流排布置在环绕的边缘区域的相同区段中并且尤其是基本上齐平地布置。非常特别优选地，汇流排沿多边形形状的至少一个边的大部分(例如沿所述边的至少80％或至少90％)布置。
在这种情况下，至少其中布置有汇流排的掩蔽区域的所述区段配备有具有部分透明的反射涂层的涂覆区域的图案。在所述区段中，该图案优选地在掩蔽区域的宽度的至少80％，特别优选至少90％，尤其是基本上整个宽度上延伸。如果功能元件(以及复合玻璃板)被设计为基本上多边形并且汇流排布置在该多边形的一个边上，特别是沿该边的大部分，则至少对于功能元件完全嵌入在中间层内且无处延伸到复合玻璃板的侧边缘的常见情况下，将存在框架状掩蔽区域，以隐藏功能元件的环绕侧边缘。对应于复合玻璃板的形状，该框架状掩蔽区域也将基本上具有多边形形状。此时，涂覆区域的图案至少存在于也布置有汇流排的区域中，特别是多边形掩蔽区域的布置有汇流排的整个面配备有图案。这特别是在具有相对慢的切换行为的功能元件的情况下，即特别是在电致变色功能元件的情况下是有利的，因为光学性能的变化从汇流排开始经由复合玻璃板的透视区域传播。通过分配给汇流排的印刷区域的图案，可以指示传播方向，以使得不均匀的切换行为对于用户而言看起来较不干扰或甚至是希望的。
在一个特别优选的实施方式中，汇流排(完整或中断)以环绕方式安置在平面电极上。因此，汇流排不仅安置在功能元件的一侧，而且沿整个环绕边缘区域。这特别是在具有相对慢的切换行为的功能元件的情况下，即特别是在电致变色功能元件的情况下是有利的，因为环绕的电接触导致切换操作之后光学性能的更快速变化。此时，光学性能的变化从透视区域的环绕边缘开始并传播到透视区域的中心，这也被称为“虹膜效应”。汇流排可以由导电膜的单个环绕条形成(完整地环绕，其中在环绕条的端部之间可能存在间隙)。然而替代地，汇流排也可以具有间隙(中断地环绕)。它们可以由多个导电膜的条组成，并且在这些条之间可以有间隙，特别是在多边形功能元件的拐角处。然而，平面电极的环绕边缘区域的至少80%应配备有汇流排，优选至少90%，特别是至少95%。掩蔽区域以框架形式包围透视区域并且覆盖该功能元件的环绕侧边缘以及环绕汇流排。在这种情况下，掩蔽区域完全环绕地配备有涂覆区域的图案。通过分配给环绕汇流排的印刷区域的图案，可以指示朝着透视区域中心方向的传播方向，以使得虹膜效应对于用户而言看起来较不干扰或甚至是希望的。
如果环绕的汇流排由多个导电膜的条组成，则各个条可以任选地彼此独立地电接触。这样，可以在透视区域中实现独立的切换区域。各个条例如通过细丝连接到控制单元，例如层压到复合玻璃板中的柔性印刷电路板。该丝优选地具有90μm至110μm的直径。出于实际和电气方面的原因，该丝应具有彼此至少5mm的距离和距复合玻璃板的侧边缘至少6mm。该丝也应完全在掩蔽区域中延伸。
所述部分透明的反射涂层优选包含金属氧化物。在此，金属特别优选选自铝、锡、钛、铜、铬、钴、铁、锰、锆、铈、钇、银、金、铂和钯。涂层还可以包含所提及的氧化物的混合物或所提及的金属的混合氧化物。用这种金属氧化物可以获得视觉上吸引人的部分透明的反射性能。反射涂层中的金属氧化物的含量优选为至少70％，特别优选至少80％，非常特别优选至少90％。
所述部分透明的反射涂层的厚度优选为5μm至50μm，特别优选8μm至16μm。以这种方式实现特别好的结果。
优选使用印刷法将部分透明的反射涂层施加到，即印刷到涂覆区域上。在此将涂层作为印刷膏施加到涂覆区域上并在那里干燥或烧制。
特别优选丝网印刷法。在此，印刷膏透过细网眼的织物印刷。例如，使用橡胶刮刀将印刷油墨压过织物。通常在织物上布置例如由金属或塑料制成的模板，该模板具有可透过印刷膏的区域以及不可透过印刷膏的区域，从而规定印刷物的几何形状，在本情况下为印刷区域的图案。不使用模板，织物本身可以被设计为具有可透过和不可透过的区域，从而本身充当模板。
然而替代地，也可以使用其它印刷法，例如移印或压印。不使用印刷，替代地也可以手动施加涂层，例如用刷子。
除了反射材料(特别是金属氧化物)外，印刷膏通常还含有溶剂。优选醇、二醇(例如聚丙二醇)或其衍生物作为溶剂。印刷膏还优选包含增稠剂，例如纤维素衍生物或聚丙烯酸。
这种用于制造反射层的膏是可商购的，例如来自Ferro GmbH公司。此外，这种涂层从专利文献，例如从WO2005063645中得知。
可以在制造复合玻璃板之前或之后将部分透明的反射涂层印刷到外玻璃板上。在印刷了印刷膏之后，外玻璃板(或复合玻璃板)经受温度处理，其中溶剂通过蒸发排出并且涂层固定在外玻璃板的表面上。温度处理也可以在多个步骤中进行，例如在50℃至180℃下的干燥步骤和在200℃至1000℃，特别是在400℃至700℃下的烧制步骤(煅烧)。
部分透明的反射涂层特别优选是溶胶-凝胶涂层，即通过溶胶-凝胶法在涂覆区域上产生。由此可获得具有良好的部分透明性能的机械和化学稳定涂层。首先，在此提供含有涂层前体的溶胶并使其熟化。所述熟化可包括前体的水解和/或前体之间的(部分)反应(特别是通过缩聚的部分聚集)。在本发明的意义上，该溶胶被称为前体溶胶并且优选在溶剂中包含金属氧化物前体。金属氧化物前体可以例如作为有机金属化合物、作为金属醇盐或作为金属羧酸盐存在。在一个优选的实施方案中，金属(例如金属醇盐或金属羧酸盐)在此通过化学络合物形式的配体稳定，因此可以降低反应性并且可以改进溶胶对空气水分的耐受性。例如，2,4-二酮通常用作配体。
溶胶的溶剂优选为醇、醚或二醇。特别优选醇，如乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇或丁醇。还特别优选二醇例如乙二醇的二-、三-、四-、五-或六聚体、聚丙二醇(例如二丙二醇、三丙二醇或四丙二醇)及其衍生物。此外，特别优选醚，如二甲醚或二乙醚。也可以使用所提到的溶剂的混合物。
除了前体和溶剂之外，溶胶优选含有增稠剂，特别优选纤维素衍生物(例如甲基纤维素或乙基纤维素)或聚丙烯酸。通过增稠剂可以调整溶胶的粘度，特别是对于将溶胶(作为印刷膏)施加到玻璃板表面上的印刷过程而言。
当其被适当选择时，也可以使溶剂或增稠剂充当用于金属氧化物前体的络合剂。在这种情况下，不必专门添加额外的配体。
溶胶还可以包含如溶胶-凝胶技术领域中常用且为本领域技术人员已知的常见添加剂。
溶胶沉积在外玻璃板的外侧表面上，优选作为印刷膏印刷。随后可以进行干燥，其中溶剂蒸发。这种干燥可以在环境温度下或通过单独加热(例如在高达120℃的温度下)进行。在施加溶液之前，通常通过本身已知的方法清洁表面。
随后将溶胶缩合，由此形成本发明的涂层。所述缩合可以包括温度处理，例如在500℃至700℃的温度下。在此，交联过程通常发生在前体之间，其中前体最初结合形成聚集体(聚集，通常通过前体的水解和它们之间的缩聚反应引起)，随后它们交联形成凝胶(胶凝)。在将其施加到玻璃板表面上之前，该聚集也可以已部分在溶液中发生。
在一个特别有利的实施方式中，部分透明的反射涂层在颜色方面与功能元件匹配，以使得涂层和功能元件在变暗状态下具有相似的、理想地基本上相同的色调。这导致特别美观的结果。这特别是在以显著着色为特征的电致变色功能元件的情况下(例如与SPD或PDLC功能元件相比)是有利的。
在一个有利的实施方式中，涂覆区域的图案的占据密度朝着透视区域的方向减小。这意味着图案的未涂覆区域比例朝着透视区域的方向增加，而涂覆区域比例朝着透视区域的方向减小。这可以通过使每单位面积的涂覆区域的数量朝着透视区域的方向减小和/或通过使涂覆区域的尺寸朝着透视区域的方向减小来实现。面积占据率取决于与透视区域的距离，其中随着与透视区域的距离增加，面积占据率变得较高。这特别是在具有相对慢的切换行为的功能元件的情况下，即特别是在电致变色功能元件的情况下是有利的。在这样的功能元件的情况下，透视区域的光学性能的变化不会被用户感知为同时均匀的，而是显著地从透视区域的边缘(具有距汇流排的小距离)朝着玻璃板中心的方向传播。光学性能的这种在时间上延迟的变化的方向似乎在视觉上通过涂覆区域的不均匀图案来指示，该不均匀图案的面积占据率朝着透视区域的方向减小，由此使得用户将该延迟感知为较不干扰性，如果不是的话甚至是有意设计的。根据应用情况，替代地也可以使涂覆区域的图案的占据密度朝着透视区域的方向增加。
在另一个有利的实施方式中，涂覆区域的图案由指向透视区域的线或条形成。换言之，涂覆区域被设计为线形或条形，并且它们的延伸方向指向透视区域。这种实施方式在具有相对慢的切换行为的功能元件的情况下，即特别是在电致变色功能元件的情况下也是有利的。光学性能的在时间上延迟的变化的方向似乎在视觉上通过该线或条的定位来指示，由此使得用户将该延迟感知为较不干扰性的，如果不是的话甚至是有意设计的。
理想地，应保护功能元件免受太阳辐射的紫外(UV)和红外(IR)部分的影响，这些部分会导致其劣化。对UV辐射的保护优选通过使功能元件和外玻璃板之间的热塑性层包含UV阻隔剂来提供。对IR辐射的防护优选由IR反射涂层实现。IR反射涂层可以直接布置在外玻璃板上，特别是在其内侧表面上。如果覆盖印刷物和IR反射涂层都布置在内玻璃板的内侧表面上，则覆盖印刷物可以任选地具有针对IR反射涂层的分解性能，以使得该IR反射涂层在覆盖印刷物的区域中被自动去除。IR反射涂层可以布置在覆盖印刷物的上方或下方(相对于外玻璃板而言)。常见的IR反射涂层是具有至少一个基于银的层的薄层堆叠体。
然而，IR反射涂层也可以在载体膜上提供，并嵌入到功能元件和外玻璃板之间的中间层中。为此，经涂覆的载体膜优选布置在两个接合膜之间。该载体膜通常基于PET形成且其厚度为20 μm至200 μm。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板可以通过本身已知的方法制造。外玻璃板和内玻璃板与位于它们之间的中间层的层包括功能元件一起布置以形成层堆叠体并相互层压，例如通过高压釜法、真空袋法、真空环法、压延机方法、真空层压机或其组合。外玻璃板和内玻璃板通过中间层的接合在此通常在热、真空和/或压力的作用下进行。可以在复合玻璃板的层压之前或之后将部分透明的反射涂层施加到外玻璃板的外侧表面上。如已经描述，部分透明的反射涂层优选地通过印刷法施加并且通过溶胶-凝胶法形成。
复合玻璃板可以是平坦的或在一个或两个空间方向上弯曲的，如尤其对于载人机动车的运载工具玻璃板而言常见。通常，外玻璃板和内玻璃板在它们被层压以形成复合玻璃板之前弯曲。部分透明的反射涂层优选在玻璃板弯曲之前施加，因为涂覆更容易在平坦玻璃板上进行。
本发明还包括根据本发明的复合玻璃板作为运载工具玻璃板，特别优选作为运载工具侧玻璃板，特别是要打开、可升高和降低的侧玻璃板的用途。由于掩蔽区域在这种玻璃板中不常见，因此使得其在视觉上较不显眼的根据本发明的部分透明的反射涂层在此具有特别有利的效果。然而，复合玻璃板也可以用作其它类型的运载工具玻璃板，例如用作挡风玻璃板、顶玻璃板或后玻璃板。该复合玻璃板也可以用于建筑领域中，例如用作建筑物的窗户玻璃板或建筑物内部的房间的窗户玻璃板或用作玻璃外立面。
参考附图和实施例更详细地解释本发明。该图是示意图并且不是按比例的。附图不以任何方式限制本发明。其中示出了：
图1根据本发明的复合玻璃板的一个实施方式的俯视图，
图2沿X-X'穿过根据图1的复合玻璃板的截面，
图3根据图1的复合玻璃板的功能元件的俯视图，
图4沿Y-Y'穿过根据图3的功能元件的截面，
图5功能元件的另一个实施方式的俯视图，
图6功能元件的另一个实施方式的俯视图，
图7具有根据图6的功能元件的复合玻璃板的俯视图，
图8本发明的一个实施方式中的图1的细节Z的放大图，
图9在另一个实施方式中的局部Z的放大图，
图10在另一个实施方式中的局部Z的放大图，和
图11在另一个实施方式中的局部Z的放大图。
图1和图2各自示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板的细节。复合玻璃板例如被设置为载人机动车的要打开的，即可升高和降低的侧玻璃板。复合玻璃板包括通过中间层3相互接合的外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2。外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2由厚度为2.1mm的清澈钠钙玻璃组成。在安装位置中，外玻璃板1面向外部环境，而内玻璃板2面向运载工具内部空间。外玻璃板板1具有外侧表面I和内侧表面II。同样，内玻璃板2具有外侧表面III和内侧表面IV。在安装位置中，外侧表面I、III面向外部环境，内侧表面II、IV面向运载工具内部空间。
复合玻璃板具有中央透明透视区域D和以框架形式包围它的不透明掩蔽区域M。不透明掩蔽区域M由外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2的内侧表面II、IV上的覆盖印刷物10实现。该覆盖印刷物10由黑色搪瓷形成，该黑色搪瓷包含黑色颜料和玻璃料并且被烧制到表面II、IV中。掩蔽区域M在环绕边缘区域中包围在关闭状态下可见的侧玻璃板区域。在掩蔽区域M和透视区域D的下方，复合玻璃板具有安装区域B，其始终布置在运载工具车身内并且用于将复合玻璃板安置到用于升高和降低其的机构上。为此，安装区域B可以具有未示出的孔和/或安装元件。
中间层3包括总共三个热塑性层3a、3b、3c，它们各自由热塑性PVB膜形成。第一热塑性层3a与外玻璃板1接合，具有例如0.76mm的厚度，并且包含UV阻隔剂。第二热塑性层3b与内玻璃板2接合并且具有例如0.38mm的厚度。位于其间的第三热塑性层3c具有例如0.38mm的厚度，并且被设计为具有切口，具有可电控光学性能的功能元件4基本上精确匹配地，即在所有侧面上大致齐平地插入到该切口中。第三热塑性层3c因此似乎形成一种用于约0.4mm厚的功能元件4的框或框架，该功能元件不延伸到复合玻璃板的侧边缘，而是全部封装在热塑性材料中并因此受到保护。功能元件4是电致变色多层膜，其可以从透明的未着色状态切换到具有降低的光透射率的有色状态。
功能元件4完全覆盖透视区域D并延伸到掩蔽区域M中，其侧边缘布置在该掩蔽区域中以使得其不可见。用户可以通过功能元件4电控制透视区域D的光透射率。
功能元件4被阻隔UV的第一热塑性层3a保护免受UV辐射。为了保护功能元件4免受太阳光的红外部分，在外玻璃板1的内侧表面II上布置防晒涂层13。防晒涂层13例如是具有一个或多个银层的经溅射的薄层堆叠体。外玻璃板1的环绕边缘区域没有防晒涂层13，因此其不与大气接触并被保护免受腐蚀。防晒涂层13的侧边缘也布置在掩蔽区域M中。
所示实施方式的修改是可以设想的。例如，掩蔽区域M也可以通过热塑性层3a、3b、3c中至少一个的不透明有色区域来实现，而不是通过覆盖印刷物10。IR保护也可以通过IR反射膜来实现，而不是通过外玻璃板1上的防晒涂层13。这种膜例如由具有IR反射涂层的PET载体膜组成。通常，IR反射膜嵌入在中间层3的两个层之间，特别是在第一热塑性层3a和布置在第一热塑性层3a和外玻璃板1之间的另一热塑性层之间。所述另一热塑性层例如可以被设计为厚度为0.38mm的PVB膜。
在掩蔽区域M中，外玻璃板1的外侧表面I配备有涂覆区域b的图案，所述涂覆区域具有部分透明的反射涂层11。涂层11是通过丝网印刷施加到表面I上的溶胶-凝胶涂层。它包含金属氧化物，例如氧化钛，并且具有优选50nm至200nm，例如70nm的厚度。涂覆区域b的图案用于使掩蔽区域在美学上更有吸引力。由于用于侧玻璃板的掩蔽区域不常见，因此观察者由于涂覆区域b而将掩蔽区域M感知为较不干扰性。
图3和图4各自示出了图1的功能元件4的细节。功能元件4是电致变色多层膜。多层膜由第一载体膜8和第二载体膜9界定。载体膜8、9由PET组成并且具有例如0.125mm的厚度。载体膜8、9各自配备有厚度为约100nm的ITO涂层，其形成第一平面电极6和第二平面电极7。活性层序列5布置在平面电极6、7之间。层序列5是电致变色层序列并且由离子存储层5a、电解质层5b和电致变色层5c组成。通过施加到平面电极6、7上的直流电压，可以激发离子从离子存储层5a通过电解质层5b迁移到电致变色层5c中，反之亦然。电致变色层5c中的离子比例决定了它们的光学性能，特别是光透射率和颜色。
两个平面电极6、7都以环绕方式与各自的汇流排12电接触。汇流排12用于将平面电极6、7连接到外部电压源，以提供控制光学性能所需的电压。汇流排12布置在掩蔽区域M中。每个汇流排12由完全围绕各自平面电极6、7的单个铜膜条形成，其中仅在条的端部之间存在间隙。
环绕的汇流排12对于电致变色功能元件4而言有利，因为它们具有相对慢的切换行为。通过环绕的电接触，实现透视区域D的光学性能的更快速变化。然而，观察者并不将光学性能的变化感知为均匀的，取而代之，它从透视区域D的边缘区域开始并明显地朝着中心继续。这种观察也被称为“虹膜效应”。根据本发明的印刷区域b的图案可用于指示光学性能的延迟变化的方向，并将这种虹膜效应呈现为有意产生的，这增加了复合玻璃板的美学价值。图案的可能实施方式在图8至11中示例性示出。
图5示出了具有环绕的汇流排12的功能元件4的另一个实施方式。汇流排12各自由多个铜膜条组成，其中在相邻的条之间可形成间隙。出于制造技术方面的原因，该实施方式可以优于图3的实施方式。此外，其开辟了独立地电控制汇流排12的各个条的可能性，从而实现独立的切换区域，其光学性能可以彼此独立地控制。
图6和图7各自示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板的另一个实施方式的细节，该复合玻璃板也是载人机动车的要打开的侧玻璃板。图6示出了具有汇流排12的功能元件4的俯视图，图7示出了配备其的复合玻璃板的俯视图。
该实施方式基本上以与图1至4中的实施方式相同的方式构成。不同之处在于，汇流排12不是以环绕形式，而是仅沿功能元件4的下边缘布置。电致变色功能元件4的光学性能的变化因此从下边缘开始并且朝着上边缘的方向继续。参考“虹膜效应”，在此可以说是“日出效应”。为了指示光学性能的延迟变化的方向，在这种情况下只有掩蔽区域M的布置有汇流排且与透视区域D的下边缘(光学性能变化的起点)相邻的区段配备有印刷区域b的图案。替代地，也可以此外对与透视区域D的上边缘相邻的掩蔽区域M的相反区段配备图案(光学性能变化的终点)。替代地，也可以在这种实施方式中对整个掩蔽区域M以环绕形式配备图案。
图8在根据本发明的涂覆区域b的图案的实施方式中放大示出了图1的局部Z。该图案是均匀的，即涂覆区域b被设计为均匀分布且相同。各个涂覆区域b示例性地显示为三角形，但也可以具有任意的其它形状。三角形表明具有指向透视区域的优选方向的形状(三角形的尖端指向上方)。尽管图案的均匀性，由此可以指示光学性能变化的方向。
图9在根据本发明的涂覆区域b的图案的另一实施方式中放大示出了图1的局部Z。该图案是不均匀的。取而代之，涂层11的面积占据率朝着透视区域D的方向减小。由此可以指示光学性能变化的方向。各个印刷区域b被设计为相同地具有相同形状和尺寸。面积占据率的变化是通过每单位面积的印刷区域b的数量朝着透视区域D的方向减小来实现的。各个涂覆区域b示例性地显示为圆形，但也可以具有任意的其它形状，例如运载工具制造商的公司标志。
图10在根据本发明的涂覆区域b的图案的另一实施方式中放大示出了图1的局部Z。图案在此也是不均匀的。取而代之，涂层11的面积占据率朝着透视区域D的方向减小。由此可以指示光学性能变化的方向。面积占据率的变化是通过使各个印刷区域的尺寸朝着透视区域D的方向变得更小来实现的。各个涂覆区域b示例性显示为圆形，但也可以具有任意的其它形状，例如运载工具制造商的公司标志。
图11在根据本发明的涂覆区域b的图案的另一个实施方式中放大示出了图1的局部Z。各个涂覆区域b被设计为线状形式的细条，它们指向透视区域D。由此可以指示光学性能变化的方向。
附图标记列表：
(1)外玻璃板
(2)内玻璃板
(3)热塑性中间层
(3a)中间层3的第一层
(3b)中间层3的第二层
(3c)中间层3的第三层
(4)功能元件
(5)功能元件4的活性层序列
(5a)电致变色层序列5的离子存储层
(5b)电致变色层序列5的电解质层
(5c)电致变色层序列5的电致变色层
(6)功能元件4的第一平面电极
(7)功能元件4的第二平面电极
(8)功能元件4的第一载体膜
(9)功能元件4的第二载体膜
(10)覆盖印刷物
(11)部分透明的反射涂层
(12)汇流排
(13)防晒涂层
(I)外玻璃板1的外侧表面
(II)外玻璃板1的内侧表面
(III)内玻璃板2的外侧表面
(IV)内玻璃板2的内侧表面
(M)复合玻璃板的不透明掩蔽区域
(D)复合玻璃板的透明透视区域
(B)复合玻璃板的安装区域
(b)外玻璃板1的外侧表面I的涂覆区域
X-X'切割线
Y-Y'切割线
Z放大区域。

Claims (15)

1.复合玻璃板，其包括通过热塑性中间层(3)相互接合的外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(2)，
其中复合玻璃板具有不透明的掩蔽区域(M)和透明的透视区域(D)，
其中中间层(3)具有覆盖整个透视区域(D)的功能元件(4)，
其中功能元件(4)的侧边缘的至少一个区域不延伸到复合玻璃板的侧边缘，而是布置在掩蔽区域(M)中，
且其中外玻璃板(1)的背离中间层(3)的表面(I)在掩蔽区域(M)中具有涂覆区域(b)的图案，该涂覆区域配备有部分透明的反射涂层(11)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃板，其中所述掩蔽区域(M)以框架的方式包围所述透视区域(D)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合玻璃板，其中通过外玻璃板(1)的面向中间层(3)的表面(II)上的覆盖印刷物(10)或通过中间层(3)中的着色或有色膜形成所述掩蔽区域(M)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的复合玻璃板，其中所述功能元件(4)是电致变色功能元件，其包括位于两个平面电极(6、7)之间的电致变色活性层序列(5)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的复合玻璃板，其中所述平面电极(6、7)在所述功能元件(4)的边缘区域的至少一个区段中通过各自的汇流排(12)电接触，其中所述汇流排(12)布置在掩蔽区域(M)中，并且其中布置有汇流排(12)的掩蔽区域(M)的至少所述区段配备有涂覆区域(b)的图案。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的复合玻璃板，其中
- 汇流排(12)以环绕形式安置在平面电极(6、7)上，
- 掩蔽区域(M)以框架形式包围透视区域(D)，并且
- 掩蔽区域(M)以环绕形式配备有涂覆区域(b)的图案。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的复合玻璃板，其中所述部分透明的反射涂层(11)印刷到所述涂覆区域(b)上，优选通过丝网印刷法。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的复合玻璃板，其中所述部分透明的反射涂层(11)是溶胶-凝胶涂层。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的复合玻璃板，其中所述部分透明的反射涂层(11)包含金属氧化物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的复合玻璃板，其中所述金属选自铝、锡、钛、铜、铬、钴、铁、锰、锆、铈、钇、银、金、铂和钯。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的复合玻璃板，其中所述部分透明的反射涂层(11)的厚度为5μm至50μm，优选8μm至16μm。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的复合玻璃板，其中涂覆区域(b)的图案的占据密度朝着透视区域(D)的方向减小。
13.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的复合玻璃板，其中所述涂覆区域(b)的图案由指向所述透视区域(D)的线或条形成。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的复合玻璃板，其中所述部分透明的反射涂层(11)在可见光谱范围内具有各自至少10％的透射率和反射率。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的复合玻璃板作为运载工具玻璃板，特别是作为运载工具侧玻璃板的用途。
CN202280002716.8A 2021-07-12 2022-06-10 具有不透明的掩蔽区域和部分透明的反射涂层的复合玻璃板 Pending CN115812044A (zh)

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