CN115800958B - Relaxation oscillator circuit - Google Patents
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Abstract
A relaxation oscillator circuit, characterized by: the circuit comprises a resistor array, a capacitor array and an oscillating unit; the resistor array comprises a compensation current source and a voltage dividing resistor, wherein the compensation current source provides current with a temperature coefficient and is used for compensating negative temperature coefficient voltage generated by the voltage dividing resistor; the capacitor array is used for providing buffering for the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator in the relaxation oscillator based on charge sharing; and the oscillation unit is respectively connected with the resistor array and the capacitor array and is used for outputting clock signals with stable periods based on capacitance-resistance parameters in the circuit. The circuit is simple in implementation mode, a large number of elements are not increased, a large number of power consumption is not generated, the parameter setting is diversified, and the adjustment is easy according to actual conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of integrated circuits, and more particularly to a relaxation oscillator circuit.
Background
Currently, a relaxation oscillator circuit is widely used as a common clock generation circuit in various integrated circuits. Generally, the frequency of the clock signal output by the relaxation oscillator is closely related to the values of the resistor and the capacitor in the circuit and the intensity of the current flowing through the resistor and the capacitor. The more stable the frequency of the clock signal output by the relaxation oscillator, the higher the quality of the clock signal obtained by the relaxation oscillator, and the higher the precision of the relaxation oscillator.
However, due to the characteristics of high integrated circuit integration level, small volume and the like, a large amount of power consumption and continuous heat dissipation can be generated in the working process of the relaxation oscillator circuit, so that the temperature of the circuit or the chip where the relaxation oscillator is located is continuously increased. The temperature change has a serious influence on the performance of each element in the relaxation oscillator, so that the frequency of the output clock chip is changed and cannot be stabilized in an initial state.
In order to prevent temperature variations from having excessive impact on the precision of the relaxation oscillator, a new relaxation oscillator circuit is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel relaxation oscillator circuit, which provides a reference voltage based on temperature stabilization for an oscillating unit by adding a compensation current source, so that the oscillating unit outputs a clock signal based on temperature stabilization.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A relaxation oscillator circuit, wherein the circuit comprises a resistor array, a capacitor array and an oscillating unit; the resistor array comprises a compensation current source and a voltage dividing resistor, wherein the compensation current source provides current with a temperature coefficient and is used for compensating negative temperature coefficient voltage generated by the voltage dividing resistor; a capacitor array for providing buffering for a non-inverting input voltage of a comparator in the relaxation oscillator based on charge sharing; and the oscillation unit is respectively connected with the resistor array and the capacitor array and is used for outputting clock signals with stable periods based on capacitance-resistance parameters in the circuit.
Preferably, the resistor array comprises a first, a second and a third voltage dividing resistors, a first current source I 1 Compensation current source I c1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the first to third voltage dividing resistors are connected in series end to end, and one end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to the first current source I 1 One end of the third voltage dividing resistor is grounded; compensation current source I c1 The voltage division points are connected to the second voltage division resistor and the third voltage division resistor; the voltage dividing points of the first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor are used as output ends of the resistor array and are connected with negative phase input ends of comparators in the oscillator.
Preferably, the output terminals of the resistor array output a reference voltage V ref The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And the reference voltage has a value of V ref ＝I 1 ·(R 2 +R 3 )-I c1 ·R 3 。
Preferably, the first current source is a zero temperature coefficient current source, and the compensation current source I c1 Is a negative temperature coefficient current source.
Preferably, reference voltage V ref In, I 1 ·(R 2 +R 3 ) Decreasing with increasing chip temperature, -I c1 ·R 3 With chip temperatureIs increased by the rise of (a).
Preferably, reference voltage V ref middle-I c1 ·R 3 The positive temperature coefficient characteristic of (2) counteracts I 1 ·(R 2 +R 3 ) So that the reference voltage V ref The zero temperature coefficient voltage characteristic is satisfied.
Preferably, the capacitor array comprises a first capacitor, a second current source and a third current source; wherein the second current source I 2 The output end of the first capacitor is respectively connected with one end of the first capacitor and the voltage of the positive input end of the comparator in the oscillator through the control switch, and the other end of the first capacitor is grounded; third current source I 3 The output end of the second capacitor is respectively connected with one end of the second capacitor and the non-inverting input end of the comparator in the oscillator through the control switch, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded.
Compared with the prior art, the relaxation oscillator circuit has the beneficial effects that the compensation current source is added to provide a clock signal based on temperature stabilization for the oscillation unit. The circuit is simple in implementation mode, a large number of elements are not increased, a large number of power consumption is not generated, the parameter setting is diversified, and the adjustment is easy according to actual conditions.
The beneficial effects of the invention also include:
1. for common current mirrors, it is very easy to generate a ZTAT (zero temperature coefficient, zero to Absolute Temperature) current source or a CTAT (negative temperature coefficient, complementary to Absolute Temperature) current source. If the ZTAT and CTAT current mirrors are used in the whole chip system, the invention can effectively generate a reference voltage based on temperature stabilization;
2. when the CTAT current source and the temperature coefficient of the resistor are increased to compensate, the original resistor is only split into a plurality of parts, the CTAT current source is injected into the split resistor node, the modification to the original circuit is very small, and the modification mode is very simple;
3. on the premise that the primary term coefficient of the CTAT current source, the primary term coefficient of the ZTAT current source and the primary term coefficient of the CTAT resistor are all different, only the current value or the resistance value of the CTAT current source is required to be changed, and the primary term coefficient of the CTAT current source is not required to be adjusted to be consistent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a relaxation oscillator circuit in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a temperature profile of a ZTAT current source of a relaxation oscillator circuit according to the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a temperature curve of a negative temperature coefficient reference voltage generated by a CTAT resistor of a relaxation oscillator circuit according to the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a relaxation oscillator circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a temperature profile of a CTAT current source of a relaxation oscillator circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a flow-through resistor R in a relaxation oscillator circuit of the present invention 3 A schematic of a temperature profile of the PTAT current of (c);
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a temperature curve of a reference voltage in a relaxation oscillator circuit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.
In the prior art, the values of a resistor and a capacitor in a relaxation oscillator play a decisive role in the frequency of a clock signal output by the relaxation oscillator. In general, the single capacitor C, which acts as an oscillator, has a total charge of q=c·v ref . At the same time, the charge and discharge amount I of the clock signal of one period C T should be equal to the total charge, where t is the period of the clock signal output by the relaxation oscillator.
In addition, according to the reference voltage V ref ＝I R R calculation formula, the period of the clock signal is known as That is, the frequency of the clock signal is +.>It can be seen that if the frequency stability of the clock signal needs to be ensured, the stability of the values of each current source, resistor and capacitor in the clock signal needs to be ensured.
However, in general, when the current is in operation, the temperature rise causes the values of the current source, the capacitor and the resistor to change, thereby changing the clock frequency. In order to prevent the influence of temperature on the relaxation oscillator, the invention optimally upgrades the circuit structure of the relaxation oscillator besides adopting the element with specific temperature coefficient.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a relaxation oscillator circuit in the prior art. The circuit of fig. 1 has the main function of a prior art relaxation oscillator, which can be easily understood, by the action of the capacitance and the resistance and the comparator will be able to output an oscillating clock signal. It should be noted that, in fig. 1, the current source I 2 And I 3 The branches are respectively used for generating voltage V 1 And V 2 And voltage V 1 And V 2 Can be alternately input into the positive input terminal of the comparator as the input voltage V of the positive input terminal according to the control of the control switch mp . Since the manner of generating the control voltage of the oscillator is not mainly discussed in the present invention, the circuits and elements for controlling the switching section are omitted in the drawings in the present invention.
In particular, the components of the relaxation oscillator used in the present invention may be selected to have zero temperature coefficient to minimize the effect of temperature. Generally, the capacitor has better temperature stability and is closest to zero temperature coefficient. On the other hand, current sources capable of generating zero temperature coefficient, which are often used in the prior art, can also be employed as the first to third current sources in the present invention. Since the first, second and third current sources can be connected in mirror image mode in the invention, even if the current sources have a certain temperature coefficient, the current sources can also be according to the formulaThe proportional relation of the flowing current in the resistor and the capacitor counteracts the influence on the oscillation period of the oscillator.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a temperature curve of a ZTAT current source of a relaxation oscillator circuit according to the prior art. In the embodiment of a current source characterized in fig. 2, the temperature is used as an independent variable, and the current is used as a dependent variable to form a quadratic curve, that is, a parabola is fitted, the quadratic coefficient of the parabola, that is, the coefficient of square temperature is-0.066 ppm, and the first-order coefficient of the parabola, that is, the coefficient of temperature is 42ppm. In addition, the maximum error allowed in this curve fitting process was 3.9nA. As shown in fig. 2, the current source with approximately zero temperature coefficient has small change along with the temperature rise or the temperature drop when the chip is in the working temperature range.
However, for resistive elements in integrated circuits, the difference in doping implantation levels during the chip fabrication process can result in a difference in the resistance of the semiconductor resistor. For low-resistance semiconductor devices, due to their heavily doped nature, the lattice vibration is aggravated at high temperature conditions, so that the carrier scattering is aggravated, which results in a decrease in mobility of carriers and an increase in resistance, that is to say, the resistance in the heavily doped low-resistance semiconductor has a positive temperature coefficient (Proportional To Absolute Temperature, PTAT).
On the other hand, for the high-resistance semiconductor, due to the light doping property, the intrinsic carrier of the high-resistance semiconductor is excited under the high-temperature condition, and the increase of the carrier concentration can lead to the enhancement of the conduction performance of the semiconductor device, so that the resistance is reduced, that is, the resistance in the light-doped high-resistance semiconductor has a negative temperature coefficient. That is, the relaxation oscillator in the prior art is mainly affected by the resistance, and the oscillation period of the output signal of the relaxation oscillator changes obviously along with the temperature change.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a temperature curve of a negative temperature coefficient reference voltage generated by a CTAT resistor of a relaxation oscillator circuit according to the prior art. As shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, the negative temperature coefficient of resistance gradually decreases with increasing temperature, and is in an approximately linear state. When the temperature is 27 ℃, the voltage at two ends of the resistor takes 899.8mV, and when the temperature is raised to about 40 ℃, the voltage division of the resistor is obviously reduced to about 895 mV. It can be seen that the actual resistance of the resistor in the circuit floats over a wide range as the temperature increases due to the negative temperature coefficient characteristic of the resistor.
In order to overcome the influence of positive/negative temperature coefficient caused by resistance in the circuit on the output clock signal of the oscillator, the invention provides a novel oscillator circuit.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a relaxation oscillator circuit according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, a relaxation oscillator circuit in the present invention, in which the circuit includes a resistor array, a capacitor array, an oscillation unit; the resistor array comprises a compensation current source and a voltage dividing resistor, wherein the compensation current source provides current with a temperature coefficient and is used for compensating negative temperature coefficient voltage generated by the voltage dividing resistor; a capacitor array for providing buffering for a non-inverting input voltage of a comparator in the relaxation oscillator based on charge sharing; and the oscillation unit is respectively connected with the resistor array and the capacitor array and is used for outputting clock signals with stable periods based on capacitance-resistance parameters in the circuit.
Fig. 4 is an embodiment of the present invention with the addition of only one CTAT current source. According to the idea of the invention, a plurality of current sources with different temperature coefficients can be added to compensate the temperature coefficient of the resistor.
In brief, the method of the present invention is to increase the complexity of the resistor array in the relaxation oscillator in the prior art. The method realizes more partial pressure points by adding resistors or splitting original resistors, and adds the access of compensation current sources with different current coefficients to the partial pressure pointsAnd the offset of the reference voltage generated by the divider resistor with the negative temperature coefficient in the circuit is realized. Preferably, the resistor array comprises a first, a second and a third voltage dividing resistors, a first current source I 1 Compensation current source I c1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the first to third voltage dividing resistors are connected in series end to end, and one end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to the first current source I 1 One end of the third voltage dividing resistor is grounded; compensation current source I c1 The voltage division points are connected to the second voltage division resistor and the third voltage division resistor; the voltage division points of the first voltage division resistor and the second voltage division resistor are used as output ends of the resistor array and are connected with negative phase input ends of comparators in the oscillating unit.
In particular, more voltage division points can be realized by increasing the number of resistors in the resistor array in the present invention. These voltage dividing points can be used to access multiple compensation current sources with CTAT.
In addition, the switching-in of the compensation current source can be realized in a switch mode, so that the value of the reference voltage can be more accurately modified at different temperatures through the control of the switch.
Preferably, the output terminals of the resistor array output a reference voltage V ref The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And the reference voltage has a value of V ref ＝I 1 ·(R 2 +R 3 )-I c1 ·R 3 。
According to the invention, the reference voltage output by the output end of the resistor array can be the sum of the partial voltages of the two ends of the second partial voltage resistor and the third partial voltage resistor. In view of the addition of the current source, the magnitude of the current flowing through the plurality of voltage dividing resistors in the present invention is not the same.
Specifically, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the reference voltage has a value of
V ref ＝I 1 ·R 2 +(I 1 -I c1 )·R 3
Simplifying the formula to obtain a calculation formula of the reference voltage as follows
V ref ＝I 1 ·(R 2 +R 3 )-I c1 ·R 3
PreferablyThe first current source is zero temperature coefficient current source, and the compensation current source I c1 Is a negative temperature coefficient current source.
Generally, in the present invention, in order to make the output of the oscillator more accurate, a zero temperature coefficient current source in which the current changes less with temperature is employed, although the current on the capacitor and the current on the voltage can cancel the influence on the oscillation period of the oscillator by means of a current mirror.
Preferably, in the reference voltage, I 1 ·(R 2 +R 3 ) Decreasing with increasing chip temperature, -I c1 ·R 3 Increasing with increasing chip temperature.
It will be appreciated that in the present invention, one or even more compensation current sources may be suitably arranged to have different temperature coefficients. For example, to have a negative temperature coefficient, or to have a temperature coefficient with a larger slope or a temperature coefficient with a smaller slope. In this way, the value of the reference voltage generated by the compensation current source can be more similar to the voltage with zero temperature coefficient. Similarly, the slope of the temperature coefficient can be fixed, and the value of the reference voltage generated by the compensation current source can be more similar to the zero temperature coefficient voltage by adjusting the values of the current and the resistor.
Preferably, reference voltage V ref middle-I c1 ·R 3 The positive temperature coefficient characteristic of (2) counteracts I 1 ·(R 2 +R 3 ) So that the reference voltage V ref The zero temperature coefficient voltage characteristic is satisfied.
It is understood that the positive temperature coefficient characteristic and the negative temperature coefficient characteristic in the reference voltage in the invention cancel each other, so that the reference voltage less affected by the temperature coefficient can be generated. This will be described in detail later.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a temperature profile of a CTAT current source of a relaxation oscillator circuit according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the first compensation current source in the present invention is a current source having CTAT characteristics, and thus, as the temperature increases, the current generated by the current source decreases. For example, when the temperature is raised from 0 degrees celsius to 27 degrees celsius, the current is reduced from approximately 220nA to below 200 nA.
FIG. 6 shows a flow-through resistor R in a relaxation oscillator circuit of the present invention 3 A schematic of a temperature profile of the PTAT current of (c). As shown in FIG. 6, the flow through R in the present invention 3 Since the current of (a) is a current source having PTAT characteristics, the current generated by the current source gradually increases with an increase in temperature. For example, when the temperature is raised from 0 degrees celsius to 27 degrees celsius, the current is raised from approximately 380nA to about 400 nA.
Substituting the curves of the resistance values of the plurality of resistors and the current generated by the compensation current source with the temperature change into the calculation formula of the reference voltage can obtain the curve of the reference voltage with the temperature change as shown in fig. 7. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a temperature curve of a reference voltage in a relaxation oscillator circuit according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, the curve of the reference voltage with temperature is approximately a parabola, and the end point of the parabola is located at about 60 ℃. When the circuit obtained by the method works at the temperature of between 0 and 27 ℃, the value of the reference voltage is reduced from about 900mV to 899.8mV, and compared with the value of the reference voltage with the negative temperature coefficient in the temperature range in the figure 3, the circuit has the advantages that the change range of the value is very small, and the output precision of the reference voltage is very high.
Preferably, the capacitor array comprises a first capacitor, a second current source and a third current source; wherein the second current source I 2 The output end of the first capacitor is connected with one end of the first capacitor and the voltage of the non-inverting input end of the comparator in the oscillator through the control switch, and the other end of the first capacitor is grounded; third current source I 3 The output end of the second capacitor is respectively connected with one end of the third capacitor and the non-inverting input end of the comparator in the oscillator through the control switch, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded.
The capacitor array in the invention can realize charge and discharge based on the control action of the switch, and realize voltage V in the charge and discharge process 1 And V 2 Is controlled by the control system. By controlling voltage V 1 And V 2 Alternately generating zero temperature coefficient voltage V at non-inverting input of comparator mp And zero temperature coefficient reference voltage V at negative phase input ref As V mn The oscillator of the invention can accurately generate a high-precision clock signal.
Compared with the prior art, the relaxation oscillator circuit has the beneficial effects that the compensation current source is added to provide a clock signal based on temperature stabilization for the oscillation unit. The circuit is simple in implementation mode, a large number of elements are not increased, a large number of power consumption is not generated, the parameter setting is diversified, and the adjustment is easy according to actual conditions.
While the applicant has described and illustrated the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description is only for the purpose of helping the reader to better understand the spirit of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, but any improvements or modifications based on the spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A relaxation oscillator circuit, characterized by:
the circuit comprises a resistor array, a capacitor array and an oscillating unit; wherein,
the resistor array comprises a compensation current source and a voltage dividing resistor, wherein the compensation current source provides current with a temperature coefficient and is used for compensating negative temperature coefficient voltage generated by the voltage dividing resistor;
the capacitor array is used for providing buffering for the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator in the relaxation oscillator based on charge sharing;
the oscillating unit is respectively connected with the resistor array and the capacitor array and is used for outputting clock signals with stable periods based on capacitance-resistance parameters in the circuit;
the resistor array comprises a first voltage dividing resistor, a second voltage dividing resistor and a third voltage dividing resistor, and a first current source I 1 Compensation current source I c1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein,
the first to third voltage dividing resistors are connected in series end to end, and one end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to a first current source I 1 One end of the third voltage dividing resistor is grounded;
the compensation current source I c1 One end is connected to the connection point between the second voltage dividing resistor and the third voltage dividing resistor, and the other end is grounded;
the connection point between the first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor is used as the output end of the resistor array and is connected with the negative phase input end of the comparator in the oscillating unit.
2. A relaxation oscillator circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the output end of the resistor array outputs a reference voltage V ref The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And, in addition, the processing unit,
the value of the reference voltage is V ref ＝I 1 ·(R 2 +R 3 )-I c1 ·R 3 ；
Wherein R is 2 Is the resistance value of the second voltage-dividing resistor, R 3 The resistance of the third voltage dividing resistor.
3. A relaxation oscillator circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the first current source is a zero temperature coefficient current source, and the compensation current source I c1 Is a negative temperature coefficient current source.
4. A relaxation oscillator circuit according to claim 3, wherein:
the reference voltage V ref In, I 1 ·(R 2 +R 3 ) Decreasing with increasing chip temperature, -I c1 ·R 3 Increasing with increasing chip temperature.
5. A relaxation oscillator circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
the reference voltage V ref middle-I c1 ·R 3 The positive temperature coefficient characteristic of (2) counteracts I 1 ·(R 2 +R 3 ) Such that the reference voltage V ref The zero temperature coefficient voltage characteristic is satisfied.
6. A relaxation oscillator circuit as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
the capacitor array comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a second current source I 2 Third current source I 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein,
the second current source I 2 The output end of the first capacitor is respectively connected with one end of the first capacitor and the voltage of the non-inverting input end of the comparator in the oscillator through the control switch, and the other end of the first capacitor is grounded;
the third current source I 3 The output end of the second capacitor is respectively connected with one end of the second capacitor and the non-inverting input end of the comparator in the oscillator through the control switch, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded.
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| CN112583355A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-30 | 思瑞浦微电子科技（苏州）股份有限公司 | High-precision relaxation oscillator |
| CN113285670A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-08-20 | 思瑞浦微电子科技（苏州）股份有限公司 | Low frequency offset RC oscillator |
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| A temperature compensated relaxation oscillator for SoC implementations;Iman Taha;2014 IEEE 12th International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS);20141023;参见正文第1-4页 * |
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| CN115800958A (en) | 2023-03-14 |
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