CN115778963A - CaSR激动剂及其在甲状旁腺功能亢进治疗中的应用 - Google Patents
CaSR激动剂及其在甲状旁腺功能亢进治疗中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115778963A CN115778963A CN202111055055.9A CN202111055055A CN115778963A CN 115778963 A CN115778963 A CN 115778963A CN 202111055055 A CN202111055055 A CN 202111055055A CN 115778963 A CN115778963 A CN 115778963A
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- diamino
- triazine
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- hyperparathyroidism
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Abstract
本发明涉及CaSR激动剂及其在甲状旁腺功能亢进治疗中的应用。具体而言,本发明涉及下式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备升高对象细胞内钙离子浓度、降低对象血液中的甲状旁腺激素水平和/或降低对象血液中的钙离子浓度的药物中的用途,式中R1‑R5如文中所述。本发明还提供含有式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及CaSR激动剂及其在甲状旁腺功能亢进治疗中的应用。
背景技术
甲状旁腺功能亢进是发病率仅次于糖尿病和甲状腺疾病的内分泌疾病。原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症通常由甲状旁腺腺瘤或癌引起。继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进是慢性肾病和终末期肾病的常见并发症,患者肾脏1,25-二羟维生素D3合成受损导致小肠和肾脏Ca2+吸收减少,出现低血钙,加上肾功能下降导致磷潴留,共同刺激甲状旁腺细胞合成和分泌甲状旁腺激素(Parathyroid hormone,PTH)、以及甲状旁腺增生。PTH升高使骨组织钙、磷释放增加,血钙升高,继而导致骨折、心血管钙化、异位软组织钙化等不良后果。其中心血管钙化是终末期肾病患者死亡的重要原因。
钙敏感受体(Calcium-Sensing Receptor,CaSR)属于G蛋白偶联受体,在体内主要表达于与钙转运和代谢相关的组织器官,如甲状旁腺、肾脏、小肠和骨组织。CaSR是调节甲状旁腺细胞功能的关键因子,细胞外Ca2+浓度升高通过作用于CaSR抑制甲状旁腺细胞增殖、抑制PTH合成和分泌。在肾脏,CaSR对浓度升高的Ca2+作出独立于PTH的反应,进一步降低Ca2 +的重吸收。CaSR是治疗甲状旁腺功能亢进的分子靶标。CaSR激动剂或变构调节剂能模拟细胞外高钙的信号激活CaSR,抑制甲状旁腺激素合成和分泌,降低血钙浓度。
CaSR与激动剂结合后通过与Gq/11蛋白偶联激活磷脂酶C(Phospholipase C,PLC),PLC水解二磷酸磷脂酰肌醇(Phosphatidylinositol diphosphat,PIP2)生成三磷酸肌醇(Inositol triphosphate,IP3)和二酰甘油(Diacylglycerol,DAG),IP3促进内质网Ca2+释放,导致细胞内Ca2+浓度升高。另外,CaSR可通过L型电压门控和瞬时受体电势离子通道中Ca2+的流入来增加细胞内Ca2+水平。因此检测细胞内Ca2+水平可作为筛选CaSR激动剂的指标。
发明内容
本发明第一方面提供下式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备升高对象细胞内钙离子浓度、降低对象血液中的甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平和/或降低对象血液中的钙离子浓度的药物中的应用:
式中:
R1和R2各自独立为H或C1-3烷基;
R3为H、卤素、NR’R”或C1-3烷基;
R4和R5各自独立为CH或N;
R’和R”各自独立为H、C1-3烷基或C3-6环烷基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述式I化合物具有下式II-IV所示的结构:
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述式I化合物具有下式II所示的结构式:
式中,R1和R2各自独立为H或C1-3烷基;R3为H或C1-3烷基。
在优选的实施方案中,R1和R2均为H。
在优选的实施方案中,R3为H或C1-3烷基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述式II中,R1和R2都为H;R3为H或C1-3烷基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述式I化合物选自:2,4-二氨基-6-氯嘧啶、2,4-二氨基-6-二甲基氨基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,6-二氨基吡啶、N-环丙基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三胺、2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪。
优选地,所述式I化合物为2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和/或2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述对象甲状旁腺功能亢进。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述对象患有因甲状旁腺功能亢进所致的骨痛、骨折、尿路结石、高钙血症、心血管钙化和/或异位软组织钙化。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述对象甲状旁腺过度增生、发生了瘤变或癌变。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述对象患有原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进、继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进或三发性甲状旁腺功能亢进。
本发明第二方面提供一种药物组合物,该药物组合物含有本发明式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的载体。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明的药物组合物含有式II所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的载体。
更优选地,本发明的药物组合物含有2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和/或2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪。
附图说明
图1:2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪促进hCaSR/293T细胞钙离子动员。A:实时定量PCR检测hCaSR/293T细胞与293T细胞相比CaSR mRNA的表达,n=3,***P<0.001。B和C:2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪促进hCaSR/293T细胞钙离子动员及其EC50;D和E:2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪促进hCaSR/293T细胞钙离子动员及其EC50。
图2:2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪与对照组相比降低大鼠血浆PTH水平。通过灌胃给予大鼠不同剂量的2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪(A)和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪(B),检测给药前及给药后不同时间血浆甲状旁腺激素(PTH)浓度。数据为平均值±标准误,n=6-8/组。*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。
图3:2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪与对照组相比降低大鼠血钙浓度。通过灌胃给予大鼠不同剂量的2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪(A)和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪(B),检测给药前及给药后不同时间血浆钙浓度。数据为平均值±标准误差,n=6-8/组。**P<0.01,***P<0.001。
具体实施方式
甲状旁腺最重要的功能是通过增加或减少甲状旁腺激素的分泌量来维持人体血钙水平的相对稳定。若甲状旁腺自身发生了病变,如过度增生、瘤性变甚至癌变,则会发生原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进;或者,由于身体存在其它病症,如长期维生素D缺乏、小肠功能吸收障碍或肾功能不全等,血钙低于正常值,需要甲状旁腺增加分泌甲状旁腺激素来提高血钙水平,由此导致继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进;或者,在长期继发性亢进的基础上甲状旁腺又发生了瘤性变,此时称为三发性甲状旁腺功能亢进。甲状旁腺功能亢进会导致骨痛、骨折、高钙血症、尿路结石、肾衰、尿毒症等。
本发明发现,母环为含氮的6元杂芳环的化合物,如三嗪的衍生物、吡啶的衍生物和嘧啶的衍生物可以作为CaSR的激动剂,用于激活CaSR升高细胞内钙离子浓度,降低血浆PTH和钙浓度,由此完成本发明。
具体而言,本文提供下式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备升高对象细胞内钙离子浓度、降低对象血液中的甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平和/或降低对象血液中的钙离子浓度的药物中的应用:
式中,R1和R2各自独立为H或C1-3烷基;R3为H、卤素、NR’R”或C1-3烷基;R4和R5各自独立为CH或N;R’和R”各自独立为H、C1-3烷基或C3-6环烷基。
优选地,式I中,R1和R2均为H。优选地,式I中,R3为H或C1-3烷基。优选地,式I中,R4和R5均为N。
在优选的实施方案中,所述式I化合物具有下式II-IV所示的结构:
在更优选的实施方案中,所述式I化合物具有下式II所示的结构式:
式中,R1和R2各自独立为H或C1-3烷基;R3为H或C1-3烷基。
优选地,所述式II中,R1和R2都为H;R3为H或C1-3烷基。
进一步优选地,所述式I化合物选自:2,4-二氨基-6-氯嘧啶、2,4-二氨基-6-二甲基氨基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,6-二氨基吡啶、N-环丙基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三胺、2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪。
更进一步优选地,所述式I化合物为2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和/或2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪。
本发明也包括上述化合物的药学上可接受的盐。药学上可接受的盐的例子包括无机和有机酸盐,例如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、扁桃酸盐和草酸盐;以及与碱例如钠羟基、三(羟基甲基)氨基甲烷(TRIS,氨丁三醇)和N-甲基葡糖胺形成的无机和有机碱盐。
本文中,对象可以是哺乳动物,尤其是人。
本文中,所述对象甲状旁腺功能亢进。在一个或多个实施方案中,所述对象患有因甲状旁腺功能亢进所致的骨痛、骨折、尿路结石、高钙血症、心血管钙化、肾衰、尿毒症和/或异位软组织钙化。
在一些实施方案中,所述对象甲状旁腺过度增生、发生了瘤变或癌变。在一些实施方案中,所述对象患有原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进、继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进或三发性甲状旁腺功能亢进。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供本发明式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗或预防对象甲状旁腺功能亢进的药物中的应用。在另外一些实施方案中,本发明提供本发明式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗或预防对象因甲状旁腺功能亢进所致的骨痛、骨折、尿路结石、高钙血症、心血管钙化、肾衰、尿毒症和/或异位软组织钙化的药物中的应用。优选地,所述式I化合物具有所述式II所示的结构;更优选地,所述式I化合物为2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和/或2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪。
本发明还提供一种药物组合物,该药物组合物含有本发明式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的载体。药学上可接受的载体可以是本领域常规用于人或兽给药的药学上可接受的载体,包括但不限于糖类如乳糖或蔗糖,甘露醇或山梨醇;纤维素制剂和/或钙磷酸盐,例如磷酸三钙或磷酸氢钙;以及粘结剂,例如淀粉糊,包括玉米淀粉,小麦淀粉,大米淀粉,马铃薯淀粉,明胶,黄芪胶,甲基纤维素,羟丙基甲基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素钠,和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等。可根据不同剂型和给药方式选择合适的药学上可接受的载体。
本发明还提供一种治疗或预防对象甲状旁腺功能亢进的方法,所述方法包括给予对象治疗有效量或预防有效量的本发明式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或其药物组合物。在一些实施方案中,本发明提供治疗或预防对象因甲状旁腺功能亢进所致的骨痛、骨折、尿路结石、高钙血症、心血管钙化、肾衰、尿毒症和/或异位软组织钙化的方法,所述方法包括给予对象治疗有效量或预防有效量的本发明式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或其药物组合物。
本文中,“预防”意指包括使病患减少疾病或病症的发生或恶化的可能性。“治疗”包括以下含义:(i)预防疾病或病症在哺乳动物中出现,特别是当这类哺乳动物易患有该疾病或病症,但尚未被诊断为已患有该疾病或病症时;(ii)抑制疾病或病症,即遏制其发展;(iii)缓解疾病或病症,即,使该疾病或病症的状态消退;或者(iv)减轻该疾病或病症所造成的症状。
本文中,“治疗有效量”或“预防有效量”是指服用后足以在某种程度上缓解所治疗的疾病或病症的一个或多个症状的至少一种药剂或化合物的量。其结果可以为迹象、症状或病因的消减和/或缓解,或生物系统的任何其它所需变化。例如,用于治疗的“有效量”是在临床上提供显著的病症缓解效果所需的包含本文公开化合物的组合物的量。可使用诸如剂量递增试验的技术测定适合于任意个体病例中的有效量。
本发明的化合物或其药物组合物可通过任何途径给药以达到其预期目的。例如,可以通过口服给药,作为替代或并行地,可以通过肠外,皮下,静脉,肌肉,腹腔内,透皮,口腔,鞘内,颅内,鼻腔或外用途径给药。药的剂量将根据病人的年龄,健康与体重,并行治疗的种类,治疗的频率,以及所需治疗效益来决定。
下文将以具体实施例的方式阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅仅是阐述性的,并不意图限制本发明的范围。实施例中所用到的方法、试剂和材料,除非另有说明,否则为本领域常规的方法、试剂和材料,可采用市售途径获得的试剂和材料来实施。
材料和方法
1.细胞系
HeLa细胞、293T细胞购自中国科学院典藏细胞库。
2.化合物
2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二氨基-6-二甲基氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,6-二氨基吡啶购自TCI(梯希爱(上海)化成工业发展有限公司)。2,4-二氨基-6-氯嘧啶和N-环丙基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三胺购自Aladdin(阿拉丁).
3.人CaSR稳转细胞系(hCaSR/293T)构建
人CaSR表达质粒构建:使用Invitrogen公司的TRIzol试剂抽提HeLa细胞的总RNA,用Takara公司的DNase I消化、去除DNA。取2μg RNA用M-MLV逆转录酶将mRNA逆转录得到cDNA。利用购自Vazyme诺维赞公司的One Step Cloning Kit将人CaSR cDN A克隆至慢病毒载体pCDH-3×flag SBP的NotI和NheI酶切位点之间,构建pCDH-hCaSR表达质粒。质粒中的CaSR cDNA片段经NotI/NheI双酶切和琼脂糖电泳确认片段大小正确,经核酸测序确认序列正确。
人CaSR稳转细胞系构建:293T细胞铺板于6孔板中,24小时后更换新的DMEM完全培养基,用Thermo Fisher公司的转染试剂Lipofectamine 3000将pCDH-hCaSR质粒与pMDL、VSVG、Rev质粒共转染293T细胞,24小时后收取培养上清(病毒液)用于感染新培养的293T细胞。用含2μg/ml puromycin的培养基筛选稳定表达hCaSR的稳转细胞系(hCaSR/293T)。图1(A)显示实时定量PCR检测hCaSR/293T细胞中CaSR mRNA的表达,n=3,***P<0.001。所构建的hCaSR/293T细胞中CaSR mRNA的表达显著高于293T细胞。
4.RNA抽提和实时定量PCR
用Trizol抽提hCaSR/293T细胞的总RNA,用DNaseⅠ消化、去除DNA。取2μg RNA用M-MLV逆转录酶将mRNA逆转录得到cDNA,通过美国Applied Biosystems公司的SYBR GreenPCR system进行hCaSR cDNA扩增,以GAPDH(mRNA)为内参进行mRNA丰度分析。
hCaSR实时荧光定量PCR引物序列为:
正向引物:5’-CACTTGCAACACCGTTTCTAAGGCCT-3’;
反向引物:5’-TGTACAGAGGGGTCGGAAGGCTGT-3’。
5.细胞内钙离子检测
用5μM的Fura-2AM(购自Bridgen公司)(稀释在含0.05%Pluronic F-127的生理盐水缓冲液中)与hCaSR/293T细胞在37℃避光孵育60min,用生理盐水缓冲液清洗细胞两次后再重悬细胞,将细胞避光置于冰上1h,随后加入生理盐水缓冲液调整细胞浓度为5×106个/mL,将细胞悬液加到透底96孔板中(50μL/孔)中,用不同浓度的待测化合物(如2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪或2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪)刺激细胞,并在激发光波长340和380nm,发射光波长510nm处动态检测荧光强度,将340nm处和380nm处荧光强度的比值作为相对荧光强度。生理盐水缓冲液配方为:125mM NaCl、4.0mM KCl、1.0mM MgCl2、10mM Hepes、5mMglucose、1%BSA,调整pH为7.4。
6.动物实验
SD雄性大鼠,体重180-200g,购自上海斯莱克实验动物有限公司。大鼠饲养于SPF级动物房,自由进食常规饲料和水,12小时光照昼夜循环。大鼠的饲养和实验操作均遵循中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所动物管理委员会有关动物饲养和实验操作规定。
大鼠分为7组:对照组(0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠),2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪不同剂量组(0.1、1、3mg/kg体重),2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪不同剂量组(0.3、3、30mg/kg体重),每组6-8只动物。2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪溶解在0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠中。大鼠禁食过夜(期间自由饮水)后按上述分组进行灌胃(1ml/只),分别在灌胃前和灌胃后2、4、8h剪尾尖采血,放置于涂肝素钠的Eppendorf管中,离心取血浆,置于-20℃保存(用于后续检测PTH和钙离子浓度)。
7.血浆iPTH浓度的检测
使用上海哈灵生物公司的大鼠全段甲状旁腺素(iPTH)ELISA试剂盒检测大鼠血浆PTH浓度。根据标准曲线计算大鼠血浆样品中PTH的浓度。
8.血浆Ca2+浓度检测
使用碧云天公司的钙含量显色检测试剂盒按照说明书检测大鼠血浆中钙离子的浓度。根据标准曲线计算血浆样品中的Ca2+浓度。
9.统计学分析
实验结果均以均值±标准误的形式呈现,两组之间的差别用One-way ANOVA检验进行统计分析,当P值小于0.05时认为有统计学差异。
结果
1.本发明检测了6个化合物对人CaSR表达细胞(hCaSR/293T)细胞内钙离子浓度的影响(EC50,平均值±SD,n=3),证实这些化合物能不同程度地升高细胞内钙离子水平(表1)。
表1
2.2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪促进hCaSR/293T细胞钙离子动员
根据CaSR激活使细胞内Ca2+水平升高,发明人利用293T细胞及表达人CaSR的hCaSR/293T细胞分别检测了2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪对细胞内钙离子浓度的影响。
结果如图1(B-E)所示。这两种化合物对293T细胞内钙离子水平无显著影响,但均能浓度依赖性地提高hCaSR/293T细胞内钙离子水平。2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪的EC50为(2.22±0.09)×10-6M,2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪的EC50为(7.63±2.07)×10-6M(n=3)。这些结果提示这两种化合物通过激活CaSR促进细胞内钙动员,是CaSR的激动剂。
3.2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪降低大鼠血液PTH水平
为观察2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪对PTH分泌的影响,将这两种化合物以不同剂量给大鼠灌胃给药,检测给药前及给药后不同时间血浆PTH浓度。
结果如图2所示。结果显示,2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪在剂量≥0.1mg/kg体重时能显著降低血浆PTH水平,剂量在0.1mg/kg体重时给药后2h显著降低血浆PTH;剂量在1mg/kg体重时,给药后2-4h显著降低血浆PTH;剂量在10mg/kg体重时,给药后2-8h显著降低血浆PTH(图2,A)。2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪在剂量≥0.3mg/kg体重时能显著降低血浆PTH水平,剂量在0.3、3mg/kg体重时,给药后2h显著降低血浆PTH;剂量在30mg/kg体重时,给药后2-4h显著降低血浆PTH(图2,B)。
上述结果表明2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪降低血浆PTH的幅度和持续时间具有剂量依赖性,2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪对血浆PTH的抑制作用强于2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪。这两种化合物降低大鼠血浆PTH浓度的作用强度差别与它们诱导hCaSR/293T细胞钙动员的活性(EC50)差别一致。
4.2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪降低大鼠血钙浓度
发明人检测了灌胃给予不同剂量2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪对大鼠血浆钙浓度的影响。
结果如图3所示。结果显示,2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪剂量在≥0.1mg/kg体重时,给药后2、4、8h后能显著降低血浆钙浓度(图3,A);2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪在剂量≥0.3mg/kg体重时,给药后2、4h能显著降低血浆钙水平(图3,B)。2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪降低血钙浓度的持续时间比2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪长。
综上所述,2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪在体外培养细胞能激活CaSR升高细胞内钙离子浓度,在大鼠口服后能剂量依赖性地降低血浆PTH和钙浓度,2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪的作用比2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪强。这两种化合物是治疗甲状旁腺功能亢进的候选药物。
序列表
<110> 中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所
<120> CaSR激动剂及其在甲状旁腺功能亢进治疗中的应用
<130> 216459
<160> 2
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 26
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
cacttgcaac accgtttcta aggcct 26
<210> 2
<211> 24
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 2
tgtacagagg ggtcggaagg ctgt 24
Claims (10)
3.如权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,R1和R2均为H;R3为H或C1-3烷基。
5.如权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述式I化合物选自:2,4-二氨基-6-氯嘧啶、2,4-二氨基-6-二甲基氨基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,6-二氨基吡啶、N-环丙基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三胺、2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪;优选地,所述式I化合物为2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和/或2,4-二氨基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述对象患有甲状旁腺功能亢进;优选地,所述甲状旁腺功能亢进是原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进、继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进或三发性甲状旁腺功能亢进。
7.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述对象患有因甲状旁腺功能亢进所致的骨痛、骨折、尿路结石、高钙血症、心血管钙化和/或异位软组织钙化。
8.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述对象甲状旁腺过度增生、发生了瘤变或癌变。
10.如权利要求9所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐如权利要求2-5中任一项所述。
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