CN115773103B - Ultrasonic real-time imaging acquisition control system for pressure-induced cracking - Google Patents

Ultrasonic real-time imaging acquisition control system for pressure-induced cracking Download PDF

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CN115773103B
CN115773103B CN202211425928.5A CN202211425928A CN115773103B CN 115773103 B CN115773103 B CN 115773103B CN 202211425928 A CN202211425928 A CN 202211425928A CN 115773103 B CN115773103 B CN 115773103B
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circuit
signal
ultrasonic
echo
time
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CN115773103A (en
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马卫卫
贺洪斌
邱萌
张重远
孙东生
陈浩
陈群策
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Institute of Acoustics CAS
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Institute of Acoustics CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a pressure-induced fracture ultrasonic real-time imaging acquisition control system, which comprises: the device comprises a signal transmitting module, a signal receiving module and a signal acquisition processing module; the signal transmitting module is used for transmitting ultrasonic signals to the fracturing section; the signal receiving module is used for receiving ultrasonic echo signals reflected by the cracks; the signal acquisition processing module is used for processing ultrasonic signals reflected by the cracks; the signal acquisition processing module comprises: a gain filtering unit and a signal processing unit; the gain filtering unit is used for amplifying and filtering the ultrasonic signals reflected by the cracks and transmitting the processed ultrasonic signals to the signal processing unit; the signal processing unit is used for obtaining the echo amplitude and the echo arrival time of ultrasonic waves reflected by the crack through the hardware circuit and transmitting the echo amplitude and the echo arrival time to the subsequent processing unit for ultrasonic imaging of the crack.

Description

Ultrasonic real-time imaging acquisition control system for pressure-induced cracking
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ground stress measurement, in particular to an ultrasonic real-time imaging acquisition control system for pressure-induced cracking.
Background
During the fracturing of the formation, the formation fracture distribution may change in real time. However, the prior art (the die orientation technology, the traditional ultrasonic imaging logging and the like) cannot monitor the stratum fracturing effect in real time, and as the depth increases, the defects of the prior art are more obvious, and the accuracy and the reliability of the measurement result are seriously affected.
Conventional imaging logging is to image the surface of a static hole wall, and induced cracks are difficult to detect due to the fact that the cracks tend to be closed after pressure is unloaded, the ultrasonic detection resolution is insufficient, and the like, so that the applicability is not strong.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to acquire dynamic images of the crack space orientation and the evolution process thereof in the cracking process in real time, and provides a crack ultrasonic real-time imaging system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention provides an ultrasonic real-time imaging acquisition control system for pressure-induced cracking, which comprises: the device comprises a signal transmitting module, a signal receiving module and a signal acquisition processing module; the signal transmitting module is used for transmitting ultrasonic signals to the fracturing section; the signal receiving module is used for receiving ultrasonic echo signals reflected by the cracks; the signal acquisition processing module is used for processing ultrasonic signals reflected by the cracks;
the signal acquisition processing module comprises: a gain filtering unit and a signal processing unit; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the gain filtering unit is used for amplifying and filtering the ultrasonic signals reflected by the cracks and transmitting the processed ultrasonic signals to the signal processing unit;
the signal processing unit is used for obtaining the echo amplitude and the echo arrival time of ultrasonic waves reflected by the crack through the hardware circuit and transmitting the echo amplitude and the echo arrival time to the subsequent processing unit for ultrasonic imaging of the crack.
As one of the improvements of the above technical solutions, the signal receiving module includes: at least two ultrasonic transducer probes and an analog switch;
the natural frequencies of the at least two ultrasonic transducer probes are different and are used for adapting to different well diameter requirements;
the analog switches are in one-to-one correspondence with the ultrasonic transducer probes and are used for selecting the adaptive probes according to the well diameter.
As one of the improvements of the above technical solutions, the signal receiving module further includes at least two pre-amplification matching units; each pre-amplification matching unit is respectively and electrically connected with one ultrasonic transducer probe and is used for amplifying and matching echo signals received by the ultrasonic transducer probe.
As one of the improvements of the above technical solutions, the signal receiving module further includes a pressure sensor, which is used for detecting the pressure, and starting or stopping the signal receiving module to receive the ultrasonic echo signal reflected by the crack when the pressure reaches the set threshold.
As one of the improvements of the technical scheme, the gain filtering unit comprises a first gain control circuit, a band-pass filtering circuit and a second gain control circuit which are electrically connected in sequence.
As one of the improvements of the above technical solutions, the signal processing unit includes: the full-wave acquisition circuit, the arrival time extraction circuit and the peak value detection circuit;
the full-wave acquisition circuit is used for completely acquiring the signals output by the gain filtering unit;
the time-arrival extraction circuit is used for processing the signals output by the gain filtering unit to obtain echo time-arrival time;
and the peak detection circuit is used for carrying out peak detection on the signal output by the gain filtering unit to obtain the echo amplitude.
As one of the improvement of the technical scheme, the time-out extraction circuit comprises the following components in sequence: the device comprises an amplifying and filtering sub-circuit, a precision rectifier sub-circuit, a detector sub-circuit, a differential comparison sub-circuit and an arrival time acquisition sub-circuit; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the amplifying and filtering sub-circuit, the precise rectifying sub-circuit and the wave detecting sub-circuit are used for sequentially filtering, rectifying and detecting echo signals to obtain echo envelope; in the processing process, the echo signal is processed as an amplitude modulation signal of a probe working frequency carrier wave;
the differential comparison sub-circuit is used for processing the echo envelope to obtain the time of the signal zero crossing point, namely the time of the echo signal peak value;
and the arrival time acquisition sub-circuit is used for extracting and obtaining echo arrival time.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the time-out acquisition sub-circuit includes a timer for testing the zero position time, i.e. the echo time-out time.
As one of the improvements of the above technical solutions, the peak detection circuit includes: the device comprises a program controlled amplifier, a precision rectifier sub-circuit, a charge discharge control sub-circuit, a radial buffer sub-circuit and an A/D acquisition sub-circuit; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the program-controlled amplifier is used for carrying out automatic gain processing on the echo signals, so that the peak value of the amplified echo signals is always within the required range of the AD acquisition sub-circuit;
the precise rectifier sub-circuit comprises a peak detector and a peak holding capacitor; the peak detector is used for detecting the peak value of the amplified signal; the peak holding capacitor is used for storing the charge of the detected signal peak value;
the charge discharging control sub-circuit is used for discharging the charge on the peak holding capacitor so as to carry out the next peak detection;
the A/D acquisition sub-circuit is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion on the peak value of the signal and acquiring the peak value.
As one of the improvements of the above technical scheme, the signal acquisition processing module further comprises an FPGA unit, which is used for processing the echo amplitude and the echo time obtained by the signal processing unit to obtain a crack ultrasonic image, and storing the crack ultrasonic image; and also for controlling the charge bleed control subcircuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) No cable transmission exists, the battery is used for supplying power, a downhole storage mode is adopted, and data are read when the system reaches the ground;
(2) The pressure triggering imaging scanning working mechanism is adopted, and the acquisition circuit recognizes that the pressure signal starts or ends the scanning work, so that the scanning can be started when the crack is pressed and opened and the crack width is maximum, the crack scanning effect is optimal, and the electric energy and the storage space of the imaging device can be saved;
(3) The traditional ultrasonic imaging directly uploads the full wave train data, the design stores the full wave train data for signal processing of an upper computer in the later stage, and the echo amplitude and the arrival time are extracted through the circuit design. The data volume is small, and the storage space is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a signal conditioning and acquisition module of a fracture dynamic evolution synchronous detection device;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an arrival time extraction circuit;
FIG. 3 is an echo time acquisition illustration;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a rectifying and detecting circuit;
FIG. 5 is a differential circuit;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing an echo envelope with a differentiated waveform;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an amplitude preserving hardware circuit implementation;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a peak hold circuit;
fig. 9 is a peak hold state diagram of the peak hold capacitance;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing a discharge state of the peak hold capacitor;
fig. 11 is a block diagram of an amplitude holding circuit.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme provided by the invention is further described below by combining with the embodiment.
The acquisition control circuit is the core of the whole circuit system. After the instrument reaches a certain depth, the acquisition control circuit starts the motor to rotate by processing the signals of the pressure sensor, then angle detection is carried out on tooth signals generated by the rotation of the motor, then the emission control module is started to excite the transducer, and meanwhile, the well wall reflected wave signals are acquired after being amplified, filtered and gained in a matching way.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the signal conditioning and collecting module structure diagram of the fracture dynamic evolution synchronous detection device is shown. In order to adapt to different measurement conditions, the gain amplification control adopts a program-controlled self-adaptive gain mode.
The echo amplitude and echo time can be realized in hardware circuits by a peak detection circuit and a head wave detection circuit.
(1) Echo arrival time extraction design circuit
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an implementation of an in-time extraction hardware circuit, an echo signal can be regarded as an amplitude modulation signal of a probe working frequency carrier wave to be processed, an echo envelope is obtained after detection, the time of a signal zero crossing point after passing through a differential circuit is the arrival time of an echo signal peak value, and the arrival time of the echo signal can be extracted by testing the zero position by using a high-precision timer.
The echo signal can be treated as an amplitude modulated signal of a carrier wave of a certain frequency, the echo envelope is obtained after detection, and the time of arrival of the peak can be obtained after passing through a differentiating circuit.
In most cases the echo signal is as shown in fig. 3, although there is sometimes some variation in both envelope amplitude and frequency, this will not affect the processing of it by subsequent circuits.
As shown in fig. 4, a rectification and detection circuit diagram is shown; as shown in fig. 5, a differential circuit diagram is shown.
As shown in fig. 6, a comparison of the echo envelope and the differentiated waveform is shown. In the contrast plot after echo detection and differentiation, it can be seen that the echo peak arrives at the same time as the signal zero crossing after differentiation.
(2) Echo amplitude extraction design circuit
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of an amplitude holding hardware circuit, in which an amplified signal is fed to a precision rectifying circuit, and a peak value of the signal is detected and stored in a peak holding capacitor. The program-controlled amplifier controls the program-controlled gain chip to realize automatic gain through the main control chip, so that the echo signal amplification is always in the AD acquisition range. The acquired peak value is not influenced by the sampling rate of the AD chip after the transmission and the A/D acquisition. The hardware circuit is used for obtaining the amplitude sum time, and the method has the characteristics of high speed and high precision. And the full-wave data is stored and then uploaded to an upper computer for processing by an algorithm. As shown in fig. 8, the signal passing through the analog switch is routed to a peak hold function module formed by an integrating circuit, where IC941 is used to implement the integral compensation.
If the threshold comparator results in a signal that meets the current threshold voltage requirement, the charge begins when the input signal is greater than zero capacitor C941, and the voltage level of C941 will remain when the signal is less than zero due to the action of diodes D941, D942. The voltage of the peak hold capacitor can be collected at this time as shown in fig. 9.
After the signal acquisition is finished, the holding capacitor is cleared, the analog switch is closed under the control of the FPGA, and the voltage of the holding capacitor is cleared, as shown in fig. 10.
The magnitude of the echo amplitude is influenced by the well wall structure, and the echo time reflects the distance from the probe to the well wall. The color depth of the echo amplitude imaging image can reflect the high-low reflection characteristic of the well wall, the crack belongs to a low reflection area, and the echo amplitude imaging image can identify the orientations of the rock stratum and the crack.
In order to ensure the effective working time of the instrument, the acquisition control circuit system adopts a low-power-consumption design, ensures that ultrasonic imaging starts to work when fracturing starts by pressure triggering, reduces invalid working time, and adjusts the number of battery packs according to the average power consumption of normal operation of the instrument and the time required by the design fracturing so as to ensure that the instrument has stable power supply in the required working period. The system can acquire the dynamic images of the crack space orientation and the evolution process in the ground stress measurement process, and can greatly improve the detection efficiency.
As shown in fig. 11, according to the practical requirement of the fracturing environment, the present embodiment develops a storage type ultrasonic real-time detection device for the hydraulic fracturing induced fracture based on the ultrasonic imaging test principle. The fracturing section is of an ultrasonic scanning acoustic structure, the acquisition control circuit framework is placed inside a lower packer without water, data of the whole testing process are acquired and stored, and real-time imaging of a fracturing crack in the fracturing process is achieved.
From the above detailed description of the present invention, it can be seen that when the system of the present application obtains the echo amplitude and the echo time, the system is realized by the peak detection circuit and the head wave detection circuit in the hardware circuit, which consumes a short time and has higher precision.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. An ultrasonic real-time imaging acquisition control system for pressure-induced cracking, the system comprising: the device comprises a signal transmitting module, a signal receiving module and a signal acquisition processing module; the signal transmitting module is used for transmitting ultrasonic signals to the fracturing section; the signal receiving module is used for receiving ultrasonic echo signals reflected by the cracks; the signal acquisition processing module is used for processing ultrasonic signals reflected by the cracks; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the signal acquisition processing module comprises: a gain filtering unit and a signal processing unit; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the gain filtering unit is used for amplifying and filtering the ultrasonic signals reflected by the cracks and transmitting the processed ultrasonic signals to the signal processing unit;
the signal processing unit is used for obtaining the echo amplitude and the echo arrival time of ultrasonic waves reflected by the crack through the hardware circuit and transmitting the echo amplitude and the echo arrival time to the subsequent processing unit for ultrasonic imaging of the crack;
the signal receiving module includes: at least two ultrasonic transducer probes, an analog switch and a pressure sensor;
the natural frequencies of the at least two ultrasonic transducer probes are different and are used for adapting to different well diameter requirements;
the analog switches are in one-to-one correspondence with the ultrasonic transducer probes and are used for selecting the adaptive probes according to the well diameter;
and the pressure sensor is used for detecting the pressure and starting or stopping the signal receiving module to receive ultrasonic echo signals reflected by the cracks when the pressure reaches a set threshold value.
2. The ultrasonic real-time imaging acquisition control system of a pressure-induced fracture according to claim 1, wherein the signal receiving module further comprises at least two pre-amplification matching units; each pre-amplification matching unit is respectively and electrically connected with one ultrasonic transducer probe and is used for amplifying and matching echo signals received by the ultrasonic transducer probe.
3. The ultrasonic real-time imaging acquisition control system of a pressure-induced fracture according to claim 1, wherein the gain filter unit comprises a first gain control circuit, a band-pass filter circuit and a second gain control circuit electrically connected in sequence.
4. The ultrasonic real-time imaging acquisition control system of a pressure-induced fracture according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing unit comprises: the full-wave acquisition circuit, the arrival time extraction circuit and the peak value detection circuit;
the full-wave acquisition circuit is used for completely acquiring the signals output by the gain filtering unit;
the time-arrival extraction circuit is used for processing the signals output by the gain filtering unit to obtain echo time-arrival time;
and the peak detection circuit is used for carrying out peak detection on the signal output by the gain filtering unit to obtain the echo amplitude.
5. The ultrasonic real-time imaging acquisition control system of a pressure-induced fracture according to claim 4, wherein the time-of-arrival extraction circuit comprises, in order, electrically coupled: the device comprises an amplifying and filtering sub-circuit, a precision rectifier sub-circuit, a detector sub-circuit, a differential comparison sub-circuit and an arrival time acquisition sub-circuit; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the amplifying and filtering sub-circuit, the precise rectifying sub-circuit and the wave detecting sub-circuit are used for sequentially filtering, rectifying and detecting echo signals to obtain echo envelope; in the processing process, the echo signal is processed as an amplitude modulation signal of a probe working frequency carrier wave;
the differential comparison sub-circuit is used for processing the echo envelope to obtain the time of the signal zero crossing point, namely the time of the echo signal peak value;
and the arrival time acquisition sub-circuit is used for extracting and obtaining echo arrival time.
6. The ultrasonic real-time imaging acquisition control system for pressure-induced fractures according to claim 5, wherein said time-of-arrival acquisition sub-circuit comprises a timer for testing zero position time, i.e. echo time-of-arrival.
7. The ultrasonic real-time imaging acquisition control system of a pressure-induced fracture according to claim 4, wherein the peak detection circuit comprises, in order, electrically coupled: the device comprises a program controlled amplifier, a precision rectifier sub-circuit, a charge discharge control sub-circuit, a radial buffer sub-circuit and an A/D acquisition sub-circuit; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the program-controlled amplifier is used for carrying out automatic gain processing on the echo signals, so that the peak value of the amplified echo signals is always within the required range of the AD acquisition sub-circuit;
the precise rectifier sub-circuit comprises a peak detector and a peak holding capacitor; the peak detector is used for detecting the peak value of the amplified signal; the peak holding capacitor is used for storing the charge of the detected signal peak value;
the charge discharging control sub-circuit is used for discharging the charge on the peak holding capacitor so as to carry out the next peak detection;
the A/D acquisition sub-circuit is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion on the peak value of the signal and acquiring the peak value.
8. The ultrasonic real-time imaging acquisition control system for the pressure-induced fracture according to claim 7, wherein the signal acquisition processing module further comprises an FPGA unit, and the FPGA unit is used for processing the echo amplitude and the echo time obtained by the signal processing unit to obtain ultrasonic imaging of the fracture and storing the ultrasonic imaging; and also for controlling the charge bleed control subcircuit.
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