CN115769859A - Portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115769859A
CN115769859A CN202211416938.2A CN202211416938A CN115769859A CN 115769859 A CN115769859 A CN 115769859A CN 202211416938 A CN202211416938 A CN 202211416938A CN 115769859 A CN115769859 A CN 115769859A
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feed
isoleucine
portunus trituberculatus
mass
raw materials
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谢适超
周歧存
金敏
焦乐飞
孙蓬
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Ningbo University
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Ningbo University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

Abstract

The invention discloses a portunus trituberculatus feed added with isoleucine, which contains 1.1-1.4% of isoleucine by weight percentage of the total weight of the portunus trituberculatus feed, and specifically comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage: 2.5-3.2% of krill meal, 2.5-3.2% of egg powder, 9.5-10.2% of soybean meal, 4.5-5.2% of corn protein powder, 27-28.5% of corn starch, 6.5-7% of an essential amino acid mixture, 21-22% of a nonessential amino acid mixture, 0.5-1% of isoleucine, 1.5-2.5% of a phagostimulant, 1-1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-1.5% of choline chloride, 0.3-0.7% of a vitamin premix, 0.5-1.2% of a mineral premix, 1.75-2% of fish oil, 1.5-1.8% of soybean oil, 1.5-2% of soybean lecithin, 1.5-2% of sodium alginate, 1-1.5% of carboxymethyl cellulose and the balance of fish meal.

Description

Portunus trituberculatus feed externally added with isoleucine and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding, and particularly relates to a portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Proteins are important macromolecular substances for the structural composition and metabolism of organisms, and the tissues of the organisms are continuously generated and decomposed, so that the proteins are deposited when the synthesis of the proteins exceeds the decomposition. The pursuit of an ideal protein model needs to consider the balanced proportion of each amino acid, and the situations of slow growth and dysfunction of aquatic animals caused by the waste or deficiency of the amino acid are prevented.
Portunus trituberculatus, an important economic cultured crab in coastal areas of the east of China, is deeply favored due to delicious taste. In 2021, the yield of the sea water culture of the portunid reaches 105283t, and the sea water culture is mainly concentrated in Fujian, jiangsu, zhejiang, shandong, guangdong and other provinces. At present, both fishes and shrimps have mature commercial feeds to meet the nutritional requirements of high-density culture. In comparison, the feeding of the seawater crabs is mainly performed on low-value fishes, shrimps and shellfish, the quantity and the quality are unstable, pathogens are easily brought in, the water quality is spoiled, and the immunity of cultured animals is reduced. The prawn feed is directly used for feeding, the effect is not high, and the price is high. Arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine are ten essential amino acids in the feed for the crustacean, and an essential amino acid database for the growth of 5 blue crabs is still vacant, so that an economic commercial feed with better effect is urgently needed to be found for meeting the blue crabs breeding industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a portunus trituberculatus feed added with isoleucine externally, and provides a feed which is balanced in nutrition and improved in protein utilization by improving the content of isoleucine in the portunus trituberculatus feed, so that an economic feed meeting the healthy and sustainable development of the portunus trituberculatus breeding industry is obtained.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the portunus trituberculatus feed added with isoleucine externally comprises 1.1 to 1.4 percent of isoleucine in percentage by weight of the portunus trituberculatus feed.
Preferably, the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 2.5-3.2% of krill powder, 2.5-3.2% of egg powder, 9.5-10.2% of soybean meal, 4.5-5.2% of corn protein powder, 27-28.5% of corn starch, 6.5-7% of essential amino acid mixture, 21-22% of non-essential amino acid mixture, 0.5-1% of isoleucine, 1.5-2.5% of phagostimulant, 1-1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-1.5% of choline chloride, 0.3-0.7% of vitamin premix, 0.5-1.2% of mineral premix, 1.75-2% of fish oil, 1.5-1.8% of soybean oil, 1.5-2% of soybean lecithin, 1.5-2% of sodium alginate, 1-1.5% of carboxymethyl cellulose and the balance of fish meal.
Further, the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3% of krill powder, 3% of egg powder, 10% of soybean meal, 5% of corn protein powder, 28% of corn starch, 6.89% of essential amino acid mixture, 21.16% of non-essential amino acid mixture, 0.8% of isoleucine, 2% of phagostimulant, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3% of choline chloride, 0.5% of vitamin premix, 1% of mineral premix, 1.73% of fish oil, 1.73% of soybean oil, 2% of soybean lecithin, 2% of sodium alginate, 1.39% of carboxymethyl cellulose, and the balance of fish meal.
Preferably, the essential amino acid mixture consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 26-26.8% of arginine, 5-5.5% of histidine, 4.2-4.5% of leucine, 20-21% of lysine, 9-10% of methionine, 10-10.5% of phenylalanine, 11-11.5% of threonine, 3.2-3.5% of tryptophan, 8-8.5% of valine and the balance of arginine
Further, the essential amino acid mixture consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 26.5% arginine, 5.4% histidine, 4.41% leucine, 20.49% lysine, 9.68% methionine, 10.25% phenylalanine, 11.49% threonine, 3.42% tryptophan, 8.36% valine, and the balance arginine.
Further, the non-essential amino acid mixture is obtained by mixing aspartic acid and glycine 1 by mass percentage.
Preferably, the vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1-0.2% of retinyl acetate, 0.1-0.2% of cholecalciferol, 1-3% of all-rac-alpha-tocopherol, 0.5-1% of menadione, 1-2% of thiamine, 0.7-0.8% of riboflavin, 2-4% of ascorbic acid, 1-1.5% of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.1-0.3% of cyanocobalamin, 3-5% of folic acid, 1.2-1.3% of biotin, 3.5-4.5% of nicotinic acid, 1.5-1.8% of D-calcium pantothenate, 20-21% of inositol and the balance of carboxymethyl cellulose.
Further, the vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.12% retinyl acetate, 0.12% cholecalciferol, 2% all-rac-alpha-tocopherol, 0.9% menadione, 1.1% thiamine, 0.75% riboflavin, 3% ascorbic acid, 1.2% pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.2% cyanocobalamin, 4% folic acid, 1.25% biotin, 4.04% nicotinic acid, 1.6% D-calcium pantothenate, 20.4% inositol, the balance carboxymethylcellulose.
Preferably, the mineral premix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.4-0.5% of ferric citrate, 0.9-1.0% of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.4-0.5% of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.6-0.7% of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 23-24% of manganese sulfate heptahydrate, 23-24% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 12-14% of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 3-4% of calcium lactate pentahydrate, 0.1-0.2% of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and the balance of zeolite powder.
Further, the mineral premix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.457 percent of ferric citrate, 0.943 percent of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.414 percent of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.661 percent of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 23.9 percent of manganese sulfate heptahydrate, 23.3 percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 13.7 percent of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.4 percent of calcium lactate pentahydrate, 0.136 percent of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and the balance of zeolite powder.
Preferably, the nutritional ingredients in the portunus trituberculatus feed comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45-45.5% of crude protein, 8-9% of crude fat, 27-28% of carbohydrate, 5-6% of crude fiber, 5-6% of ash and 8-9% of water.
Further, the nutritional ingredients in the portunus trituberculatus feed comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45.30% crude protein, 8.02% crude fat, 27.52% carbohydrate, 5.03% crude fiber, 5.40% ash, 8.73% moisture.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving the soybean lecithin in the fish oil and the soybean oil in a formula ratio in advance, and uniformly mixing;
s2, crushing other raw materials except the soybean lecithin, the fish oil and the soybean oil in advance, sieving the crushed raw materials by a 60-mesh sieve, accurately weighing the raw materials according to a formula, uniformly mixing various feed components in a step-by-step manner from small to large according to the specific gravity, adding a mixture of the soybean lecithin, the soybean oil and the fish oil, fully mixing the mixture, adding water with the mass being 30% of the mass of the raw materials, and fully mixing the mixture;
and S3, putting the uniformly mixed feed raw materials obtained in the step S2 into an automatic granulator to prepare feed particles with the particle sizes of 2mm and 4mm, and naturally drying to obtain the portunus trituberculatus feed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
first, isoleucine belongs to branched chain amino acid, can be released into the circulation for liver absorption and catabolism after deamination, and finally enters tricarboxylic acid circulation to generate propionyl coenzyme A and acetyl coenzyme A through a series of complex reactions after oxidative decarboxylation under the action of branched chain alpha-ketonic acid dehydrogenase complex. The TOR pathway is a major nutrient sensitive pathway that receives and integrates amino acids, growth factors, energy states and stress signals in cells, and regulates cell growth and metabolism. Numerous studies have been carried out in fish and crustaceans to confirm that the TOR pathway is closely related to protein anabolism. Isoleucine stimulates skeletal extrabody protein synthesis, partially regulating protein function in mRNA translation by activating the mTOR signaling pathway, including phosphorylation s6k1, 4E binding protein 1 (4 ebp 1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eif 4E) assembly. Isoleucine transamination products have also been shown to reduce protein expression of mTORC2 in cardiomyocytes;
the muscle of the portunid is a main edible part, and researches show that the textural features of the muscle of the portunid are related to the muscle fiber structure, and the research reports that isoleucine influences the proliferation and the expansion of muscle cells of the fish, and the invention further improves the frequency of the muscle fiber with higher diameter and increases the edibility by increasing the content of isoleucine through an external source;
thirdly, the raw materials used by the isoleucine additive feed provided by the invention are sufficient in source, and the feed can be produced in a large scale;
fourthly, the feed formula of the invention has balanced nutrition, a plurality of protein raw materials are mixed, the using amount of fish meal is saved, and the egg powder rich in cholesterol is added to replace the cholesterol with high price, so that the feed cost is reduced;
fifthly, the invention provides a method for improving protein anabolism and muscle protein deposition for the growth period of portunus trituberculatus.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of feeds with different isoleucine contents on the hepatopancreas protein anabolism and the expression of genes related to amino acid transamination of Portunus trituberculatus;
FIG. 2 is a section of a blue crab muscle fiber transection after being fed with feeds with different isoleucine contents;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of feeds with different isoleucine contents on the density of the muscle fibers of Portunus trituberculatus;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of feeds with different isoleucine contents on the frequency of the muscle fiber diameter of Portunus trituberculatus.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Example 1
The portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: peruvian fish meal 8%, krill meal 3%, egg powder 3%, soybean meal 10%, corn gluten meal 5%, corn starch 28%, essential amino acid mixture 6.89%, non-essential amino acid mixture 21.75%, phagostimulant 2%, monocalcium phosphate 1.5%, choline chloride 0.3%, vitamin premix 0.5%, mineral premix 1%, fish oil 1.73%, soybean lecithin 2%, sodium alginate 2%, and carboxymethyl cellulose 1.60%; the vitamin premix comprises the following components: 0.12% retinyl acetate, 0.12% cholecalciferol, 2% all-rac-alpha-tocopherol, 0.9% menadione, 1.1% thiamine, 0.75% riboflavin, 3% ascorbic acid, 1.2% pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.2% cyanocobalamin, 4% folic acid, 1.25% biotin, 4.04% nicotinic acid, 1.6% d-calcium pantothenate, 20.4% inositol, the balance carboxymethyl cellulose; the mineral premix comprises the following components: 0.457 percent of ferric citrate, 0.943 percent of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.414 percent of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.661 percent of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 23.9 percent of manganese sulfate heptahydrate, 23.3 percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 13.7 percent of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.4 percent of calcium lactate pentahydrate, 0.136 percent of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and the balance of zeolite powder; the essential amino acid mixture consists of the following components: 26.5% arginine, 5.4% histidine, 4.41% leucine, 20.49% lysine, 9.68% methionine, 10.25% phenylalanine, 11.49% threonine, 3.42% tryptophan, 8.36% valine, and the balance arginine; the non-essential amino acid mixture is obtained by mixing aspartic acid and glycine 1;
in the embodiment, the nutritional ingredients in the feed for the portunus trituberculatus comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 44.94% crude protein, 8.06% crude fat, 27.92% carbohydrate, 5.18% crude fiber, 5.18% ash, 10% moisture.
In this example, isoleucine was contained in an amount of 0.69% by weight based on the total weight of the feed for blue crabs.
The preparation method of the portunus trituberculatus feed comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving the soybean lecithin in the fish oil and the soybean oil in a formula ratio in advance, and uniformly mixing;
s2, crushing other raw materials except the soybean lecithin, the fish oil and the soybean oil in advance, sieving the crushed raw materials by a 60-mesh sieve, accurately weighing the raw materials according to a formula, uniformly mixing various feed components in a step-by-step manner from small to large according to the specific gravity, adding a mixture of the soybean lecithin, the soybean oil and the fish oil, fully mixing the mixture, adding water with the mass being 30% of the mass of the raw materials, and fully mixing the mixture;
and S3, putting the uniformly mixed feed raw materials obtained in the step S2 into an automatic granulator to prepare feed particles with the particle sizes of 2mm and 4mm, and naturally drying the feed particles to obtain the portunus trituberculatus feed.
Example 2
The portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: peru fish meal 8%, krill meal 3%, egg powder 3%, soybean meal 10%, corn gluten meal 5%, corn starch 28%, essential amino acid mixture (except isoleucine) 6.89%, non-essential amino acid mixture (aspartic acid and glycine 1 mixed) 21.45%, isoleucine 0.4%, phagostimulant 2%, monocalcium phosphate 1.5%, choline chloride 0.3%, vitamin premix 0.5%, mineral premix 1%, fish oil 1.73%, soybean lecithin 2%, sodium alginate 2%, carboxymethyl cellulose 1.49%; the vitamin premix comprises the following components: 0.12% retinyl acetate, 0.12% cholecalciferol, 2% all-rac-alpha-tocopherol, 0.9% menadione, 1.1% thiamine, 0.75% riboflavin, 3% ascorbic acid, 1.2% pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.2% cyanocobalamin, 4% folic acid, 1.25% biotin, 4.04% nicotinic acid, 1.6% d-calcium pantothenate, 20.4% inositol, the balance carboxymethyl cellulose; the mineral premix comprises the following components: 0.457 percent of ferric citrate, 0.943 percent of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.414 percent of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.661 percent of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 23.9 percent of manganese sulfate heptahydrate, 23.3 percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 13.7 percent of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.4 percent of calcium lactate pentahydrate, 0.136 percent of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and the balance of zeolite powder; the essential amino acid mixture consists of the following components: 26.5% arginine, 5.4% histidine, 4.41% leucine, 20.49% lysine, 9.68% methionine, 10.25% phenylalanine, 11.49% threonine, 3.42% tryptophan, 8.36% valine, and the balance arginine; the non-essential amino acid mixture is obtained by mixing aspartic acid and glycine 1;
in the embodiment, the nutritional ingredients in the feed for the portunus trituberculatus comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45.84% crude protein, 7.92% crude fat, 27% carbohydrate, 5.94% crude fiber, 5.10% ash, 8.20% moisture.
In this example, 1.06% isoleucine was present, based on the weight percentage of the feed for blue crabs, based on the total weight of the feed.
The preparation method of the portunus trituberculatus feed comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving the soybean lecithin in the fish oil and the soybean oil in a formula ratio in advance, and uniformly mixing;
s2, crushing other raw materials except the soybean lecithin, the fish oil and the soybean oil in advance, sieving the crushed raw materials by a 60-mesh sieve, accurately weighing the raw materials according to a formula, uniformly mixing various feed components in a step-by-step manner from small to large according to the specific gravity, adding a mixture of the soybean lecithin, the soybean oil and the fish oil, fully mixing the mixture, adding water with the mass being 30% of the mass of the raw materials, and fully mixing the mixture;
and S3, putting the uniformly mixed feed raw materials obtained in the step S2 into an automatic granulator to prepare feed particles with the particle sizes of 2mm and 4mm, and naturally drying to obtain the portunus trituberculatus feed.
Example 3
The portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: peru fish meal 8%, krill meal 3%, egg powder 3%, soybean meal 10%, corn gluten meal 5%, corn starch 28%, essential amino acid mixture (except isoleucine) 6.89%, non-essential amino acid mixture (aspartic acid and glycine 1 mixed) 21.16%, isoleucine 0.8%, phagostimulant 2%, monocalcium phosphate 1.5%, choline chloride 0.3%, vitamin premix 0.5%, mineral premix 1%, fish oil 1.73%, soybean lecithin 2%, sodium alginate 2%, carboxymethyl cellulose 1.39%; the vitamin premix comprises the following components: 0.12% retinyl acetate, 0.12% cholecalciferol, 2% all-rac-alpha-tocopherol, 0.9% menadione, 1.1% thiamine, 0.75% riboflavin, 3% ascorbic acid, 1.2% pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.2% cyanocobalamin, 4% folic acid, 1.25% biotin, 4.04% nicotinic acid, 1.6% d-calcium pantothenate, 20.4% inositol, the balance carboxymethylcellulose; the mineral premix comprises the following components: 0.457% ferric citrate, 0.943% zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.414% manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.661% copper sulfate pentahydrate, 23.9% manganese sulfate heptahydrate, 23.3% monopotassium phosphate, 13.7% sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.4% calcium lactate pentahydrate, 0.136% cobalt chloride hexahydrate and the balance zeolite powder; the essential amino acid mixture consists of the following components: 26.5% arginine, 5.4% histidine, 4.41% leucine, 20.49% lysine, 9.68% methionine, 10.25% phenylalanine, 11.49% threonine, 3.42% tryptophan, 8.36% valine, and the balance arginine; the non-essential amino acid mixture is obtained by mixing aspartic acid and glycine 1;
in the embodiment, the nutritional ingredients in the feed for the blue crabs comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45.30% crude protein, 8.02% crude fat, 27.52% carbohydrate, 5.03% crude fiber, 5.40% ash, 8.73% moisture.
In this example, isoleucine was contained in an amount of 1.32% by weight based on the total weight of the feed for blue crabs.
The preparation method of the portunus trituberculatus feed comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving the soybean lecithin in the fish oil and the soybean oil in a formula ratio in advance, and uniformly mixing;
s2, crushing other raw materials except the soybean lecithin, the fish oil and the soybean oil in advance, sieving the crushed raw materials with a 60-mesh sieve, accurately weighing the raw materials according to a formula, uniformly mixing various feed components in a step-by-step manner from small to large according to the specific gravity, adding a mixture of the soybean lecithin, the soybean oil and the fish oil, fully mixing the mixture, adding water with the mass being 30% of the mass of the raw materials, and fully mixing the mixture;
and S3, putting the uniformly mixed feed raw materials obtained in the step S2 into an automatic granulator to prepare feed particles with the particle sizes of 2mm and 4mm, and naturally drying to obtain the portunus trituberculatus feed.
Example 4
The portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: peru fish meal 8%, krill meal 3%, egg powder 3%, soybean meal 10%, corn gluten meal 5%, corn starch 28%, essential amino acid mixture (except isoleucine) 6.89%, non-essential amino acid mixture (aspartic acid and glycine 1 mixed) 20.87%, isoleucine 1.2%, phagostimulant 2%, monocalcium phosphate 1.5%, choline chloride 0.3%, vitamin premix 0.5%, mineral premix 1%, fish oil 1.73%, soybean lecithin 2%, sodium alginate 2%, carboxymethyl cellulose 1.28%; the vitamin premix comprises the following components: 0.12% retinyl acetate, 0.12% cholecalciferol, 2% all-rac-alpha-tocopherol, 0.9% menadione, 1.1% thiamine, 0.75% riboflavin, 3% ascorbic acid, 1.2% pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.2% cyanocobalamin, 4% folic acid, 1.25% biotin, 4.04% nicotinic acid, 1.6% d-calcium pantothenate, 20.4% inositol, the balance carboxymethylcellulose; the mineral premix comprises the following components: 0.457% ferric citrate, 0.943% zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.414% manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.661% copper sulfate pentahydrate, 23.9% manganese sulfate heptahydrate, 23.3% monopotassium phosphate, 13.7% sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.4% calcium lactate pentahydrate, 0.136% cobalt chloride hexahydrate and the balance zeolite powder; the essential amino acid mixture consists of the following components: 26.5% arginine, 5.4% histidine, 4.41% leucine, 20.49% lysine, 9.68% methionine, 10.25% phenylalanine, 11.49% threonine, 3.42% tryptophan, 8.36% valine, and the balance arginine; the non-essential amino acid mixture is obtained by mixing aspartic acid and glycine 1;
in the embodiment, the nutritional ingredients in the feed for the portunus trituberculatus comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45.73% crude protein, 7.95% crude fat, 27.08% carbohydrate, 4.97% crude fiber, 5.15% ash, 9.12% moisture.
In this example, isoleucine was contained in an amount of 1.78% by weight based on the total weight of the feed for blue crabs.
The preparation method of the portunus trituberculatus feed comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving the soybean lecithin in the fish oil and the soybean oil in a formula ratio in advance, and uniformly mixing;
s2, crushing other raw materials except the soybean lecithin, the fish oil and the soybean oil in advance, sieving the crushed raw materials by a 60-mesh sieve, accurately weighing the raw materials according to a formula, uniformly mixing various feed components in a step-by-step manner from small to large according to the specific gravity, adding a mixture of the soybean lecithin, the soybean oil and the fish oil, fully mixing the mixture, adding water with the mass being 30% of the mass of the raw materials, and fully mixing the mixture;
and S3, putting the uniformly mixed feed raw materials obtained in the step S2 into an automatic granulator to prepare feed particles with the particle sizes of 2mm and 4mm, and naturally drying to obtain the portunus trituberculatus feed.
Example 5
The portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: peru fish meal 8%, krill meal 3%, egg powder 3%, soybean meal 10%, corn gluten meal 5%, corn starch 28%, essential amino acid mixture (except isoleucine) 6.89%, non-essential amino acid mixture (aspartic acid and glycine 1 mixed) 20.58%, isoleucine 1.6%, phagostimulant 2%, monocalcium phosphate 1.5%, choline chloride 0.3%, vitamin premix 0.5%, mineral premix 1%, fish oil 1.73%, soybean lecithin 2%, sodium alginate 2%, and carboxymethyl cellulose 1.17%; the vitamin premix comprises the following components: 0.12% retinyl acetate, 0.12% cholecalciferol, 2% all-rac-alpha-tocopherol, 0.9% menadione, 1.1% thiamine, 0.75% riboflavin, 3% ascorbic acid, 1.2% pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.2% cyanocobalamin, 4% folic acid, 1.25% biotin, 4.04% nicotinic acid, 1.6% d-calcium pantothenate, 20.4% inositol, the balance carboxymethylcellulose; the mineral premix comprises the following components: 0.457 percent of ferric citrate, 0.943 percent of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.414 percent of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.661 percent of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 23.9 percent of manganese sulfate heptahydrate, 23.3 percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 13.7 percent of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.4 percent of calcium lactate pentahydrate, 0.136 percent of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and the balance of zeolite powder; the essential amino acid mixture consists of the following components: 26.5% arginine, 5.4% histidine, 4.41% leucine, 20.49% lysine, 9.68% methionine, 10.25% phenylalanine, 11.49% threonine, 3.42% tryptophan, 8.36% valine, and the balance arginine; the non-essential amino acid mixture is obtained by mixing aspartic acid and glycine 1;
in the embodiment, the nutritional ingredients in the feed for the portunus trituberculatus comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45.57% crude protein, 7.84% crude fat, 27.56% carbohydrate, 6.29% crude fiber, 5.05% ash, 7.69% moisture.
In this example, isoleucine was contained in an amount of 2.03% by weight based on the total weight of the feed for blue crabs.
The preparation method of the portunus trituberculatus feed comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving the soybean lecithin in the fish oil and the soybean oil in a formula ratio in advance, and uniformly mixing;
s2, crushing other raw materials except the soybean lecithin, the fish oil and the soybean oil in advance, sieving the crushed raw materials by a 60-mesh sieve, accurately weighing the raw materials according to a formula, uniformly mixing various feed components in a step-by-step manner from small to large according to the specific gravity, adding a mixture of the soybean lecithin, the soybean oil and the fish oil, fully mixing the mixture, adding water with the mass being 30% of the mass of the raw materials, and fully mixing the mixture;
and S3, putting the uniformly mixed feed raw materials obtained in the step S2 into an automatic granulator to prepare feed particles with the particle sizes of 2mm and 4mm, and naturally drying to obtain the portunus trituberculatus feed.
Example 6
The portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: peru fish meal 8%, krill meal 3%, egg powder 3%, soybean meal 10%, corn gluten meal 5%, corn starch 28%, essential amino acid mixture (except isoleucine) 6.89%, non-essential amino acid mixture (aspartic acid and glycine 1 mixed) 20.28%, isoleucine 1.6%, phagostimulant 2%, monocalcium phosphate 1.5%, choline chloride 0.3%, vitamin premix 0.5%, mineral premix 1%, fish oil 1.73%, soybean lecithin 2%, sodium alginate 2%, carboxymethyl cellulose 1.06%; the vitamin premix comprises the following components: 0.12% retinyl acetate, 0.12% cholecalciferol, 2% all-rac-alpha-tocopherol, 0.9% menadione, 1.1% thiamine, 0.75% riboflavin, 3% ascorbic acid, 1.2% pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.2% cyanocobalamin, 4% folic acid, 1.25% biotin, 4.04% nicotinic acid, 1.6% d-calcium pantothenate, 20.4% inositol, the balance carboxymethyl cellulose; the mineral premix comprises the following components: 0.457% ferric citrate, 0.943% zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.414% manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.661% copper sulfate pentahydrate, 23.9% manganese sulfate heptahydrate, 23.3% monopotassium phosphate, 13.7% sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.4% calcium lactate pentahydrate, 0.136% cobalt chloride hexahydrate and the balance zeolite powder; the essential amino acid mixture consists of the following components: 26.5% arginine, 5.4% histidine, 4.41% leucine, 20.49% lysine, 9.68% methionine, 10.25% phenylalanine, 11.49% threonine, 3.42% tryptophan, 8.36% valine, and the balance arginine; the non-essential amino acid mixture is obtained by mixing aspartic acid and glycine 1;
in the embodiment, the nutritional ingredients in the feed for the portunus trituberculatus comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45.93% crude protein, 7.62% crude fat, 27.57% carbohydrate, 5.43% crude fiber, 5.16% ash, 8.29% moisture.
In this example, isoleucine was contained at 2.38% by weight based on the total weight of the feed for blue crabs.
The preparation method of the portunus trituberculatus feed comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving soya lecithin in the formula proportion in fish oil and soybean oil in advance, and mixing uniformly;
s2, crushing other raw materials except the soybean lecithin, the fish oil and the soybean oil in advance, sieving the crushed raw materials with a 60-mesh sieve, accurately weighing the raw materials according to a formula, uniformly mixing various feed components in a step-by-step manner from small to large according to the specific gravity, adding a mixture of the soybean lecithin, the soybean oil and the fish oil, fully mixing the mixture, adding water with the mass being 30% of the mass of the raw materials, and fully mixing the mixture;
and S3, putting the uniformly mixed feed raw materials obtained in the step S2 into an automatic granulator to prepare feed particles with the particle sizes of 2mm and 4mm, and naturally drying the feed particles to obtain the portunus trituberculatus feed.
Test part:
1. procedure of the test
The portunus trituberculatus feed prepared in the embodiment 1-6 is used for feeding portunus trituberculatus, and the feeding comprises the following specific steps: selecting 180 blue crabs with the initial weight of 16.30 +/-0.01 g, randomly distributing the blue crabs into 180 plastic baskets (35 cm multiplied by 30cm multiplied by 35 cm) in a cement pond (6.8 m multiplied by 3.8m multiplied by 1.7 m), feeding blue crabs in the examples 1 to 6, wherein 1 feed component is 3 parallel groups, 10 crabs exist in each parallel group, the breeding experiment lasts for 6 weeks, and the blue crabs are fed once every day at 08 00 and 18: feeding portunus trituberculatus feed with the grain size of 4mm 3 weeks after the culture experiment, cleaning and counting the number of residual baits, the number of molting shells and the weight of dead portunus trituberculatus every day, counting the survival rate after the experiment is finished, measuring the weight of each crab, calculating the weight gain rate, the specific growth rate and the molting rate, measuring the conventional components of muscles, the hepatopancreatin anabolism and the amino acid transamination key gene expression, observing the structural characters of muscle fibers under an optical microscope and measuring the density (N/mm) of isoleucine level to the muscle fibers of the portunus trituberculatus 2 ) And the frequency (%) of the muscle fiber diameter.
2. Test results
The test results of the above tests are shown in table 1-table 3 and fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, wherein table 1 is a table of the effect of different isoleucine content portunus trituberculatus feed on the survival rate, end weight and weight gain rate of portunus trituberculatus; table 2 is a table of the results of the effects of different isoleucine content of portunus trituberculatus feed on the specific growth rate and molting rate of portunus trituberculatus; table 3 is the effect of different isoleucine content portunus trituberculatus feeds on regular muscle components; FIG. 1 shows the effect of feeds with different isoleucine contents on the hepatopancreas protein anabolism and the expression of genes related to amino acid transamination of Portunus trituberculatus; FIG. 2 is a section of a blue crab muscle fiber transection after being fed with feeds with different isoleucine contents; FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of feeds with different isoleucine contents on the density of the muscle fibers of Portunus trituberculatus; FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of feeds with different isoleucine contents on the frequency of the muscle fiber diameters of Portunus trituberculatus.
Table 1: results table of the effects of different isoleucine content of portunus trituberculatus feed on the survival rate, the final weight and the weight gain rate of portunus trituberculatus
Figure BDA0003940462510000121
Figure BDA0003940462510000131
Table 2: the results of the effect of different isoleucine content of the portunus trituberculatus feed on the specific growth rate and molting rate of portunus trituberculatus
Group of Specific growth Rate (%) Molt rate (%)
Example 1 0.93±0.08 a 0.97±0.05 ab
Example 2 1.18±0.03 bc 1.03±0.02 b
Example 3 1.14±0.02 bc 1.09±0.02 b
Example 4 1.22±0.01 c 1.03±0.02 b
Example 5 1.03±0.00 ab 1.26±0.00 c
Example 6 1.04±0.04 abc 0.88±0.03 a
Table 3: results table of effects of different isoleucine content portunus trituberculatus feeds on conventional muscle components
Group of Dry matter (%) Crude protein (%) Crude fat (%) Coarse ash (%)
Example 1 20.06±0.47 82.24±0.19 a 2.97±0.38 2.08±0.08
Example 2 19.08±0.44 84.43±0.96 ab 2.51±0.40 2.12±0.22
Example 3 18.83±0.37 87.41±1.57 bc 2.84±0.43 2.08±0.09
Example 4 18.53±0.87 92.54±1.36 d 2.26±0.14 2.09±0.09
Example 5 19.46±0.23 92.44±0.24 d 2.15±0.38 2.04±0.04
Example 6 19.88±0.61 90.78±1.09 cd 2.04±0.33 2.06±0.09
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the survival rate, terminal weight gain rate, specific growth rate and molting rate of blue crabs in the treatment groups of examples 1 to 6 showed that the terminal weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the treatment groups of examples 2 to 4 were significantly higher than those in the treatment group of example 1 (P < 0.05). The molting rate of the example 2-example 5 treated groups was significantly higher than that of the example 6 treated group (P < 0.05). But the survival rate of the blue crabs in the treatment groups of the examples 1 to 6 is not obviously different (P > 0.05).
As can be seen from table 3, the muscle crude protein content of the treatment groups of examples 3 to 6 was significantly higher than that of the treatment group of example 1 (P < 0.05).
FIG. 1 shows the effect of feeds with different isoleucine contents on the hepatopancreas protein anabolism and the expression of genes related to amino acid transamination of Portunus trituberculatus. The results showed that the hepatopancreatic akt gene expression levels of examples 3 to 5 were significantly higher than those of examples 1, 2 and 6. The gene expression levels of the hepatopancreata pi3k, s6k1, bcat, alt and ast of example 3 were significantly higher than those of the other treatment groups; FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show the effect of different isoleucine content on the density of muscle fibers (N/mm) of Portunus trituberculatus 2 ) And the muscle fiber diameter frequency (%) that is clearly the greatest in the crab of example 1, while the minimum in the crab of example 4,the percentage of muscle fiber diameter less than 80 microns decreased significantly as the level of isoleucine in the feed increased from 0.69% to 2.38%, whereas the percentage of muscle fiber diameter greater than or equal to 80 and less than 200 microns was higher for crabs fed the feed of examples 2-6 compared to crabs fed the feed of example 1, however, there was no significant difference in the percentage of muscle fiber diameter greater than or equal to 200 microns in the different treatment groups.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The portunus trituberculatus feed added with isoleucine is characterized by comprising 1.1-1.4% of isoleucine in percentage by weight of the total weight of the portunus trituberculatus feed.
2. The portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine addition according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 2.5-3.2% of krill powder, 2.5-3.2% of egg powder, 9.5-10.2% of soybean meal, 4.5-5.2% of corn protein powder, 27-28.5% of corn starch, 6.5-7% of essential amino acid mixture, 21-22% of nonessential amino acid mixture, 0.5-1% of isoleucine, 1.5-2.5% of phagostimulant, 1-1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-1.5% of choline chloride, 0.3-0.7% of vitamin premix, 0.5-1.2% of mineral premix, 1.75-2% of fish oil, 1.5-1.8% of soybean oil, 1.5-2% of soybean lecithin, 1.5-2% of sodium alginate, 1-1.5% of carboxymethyl cellulose and the balance of fish meal.
3. The portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine added according to claim 2, which is composed of the following raw materials by mass percent: 3% of krill powder, 3% of egg powder, 10% of soybean meal, 5% of corn protein powder, 28% of corn starch, 6.89% of essential amino acid mixture, 21.16% of non-essential amino acid mixture, 0.8% of isoleucine, 2% of phagostimulant, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3% of choline chloride, 0.5% of vitamin premix, 1% of mineral premix, 1.73% of fish oil, 1.73% of soybean oil, 2% of soybean lecithin, 2% of sodium alginate, 1.39% of carboxymethyl cellulose, and the balance of fish meal.
4. The Portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine addition according to claim 2, wherein the essential amino acid mixture consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 26-26.8% of arginine, 5-5.5% of histidine, 4.2-4.5% of leucine, 20-21% of lysine, 9-10% of methionine, 10-10.5% of phenylalanine, 11-11.5% of threonine, 3.2-3.5% of tryptophan, 8-8.5% of valine and the balance of arginine.
5. The portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine additions of claim 4, wherein the essential amino acid mixture consists of, in mass percent: 26.5% arginine, 5.4% histidine, 4.41% leucine, 20.49% lysine, 9.68% methionine, 10.25% phenylalanine, 11.49% threonine, 3.42% tryptophan, 8.36% valine, and the balance arginine.
6. The Portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine addition according to claim 2, wherein the vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1-0.2% of retinyl acetate, 0.1-0.2% of cholecalciferol, 1-3% of all-rac-alpha-tocopherol, 0.5-1% of menadione, 1-2% of thiamine, 0.7-0.8% of riboflavin, 2-4% of ascorbic acid, 1-1.5% of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.1-0.3% of cyanocobalamin, 3-5% of folic acid, 1.2-1.3% of biotin, 3.5-4.5% of nicotinic acid, 1.5-1.8% of D-calcium pantothenate, 20-21% of inositol, and the balance carboxymethyl cellulose.
7. The portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine addition according to claim 2, wherein the mineral premix consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.4-0.5% of ferric citrate, 0.9-1.0% of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.4-0.5% of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.6-0.7% of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 23-24% of manganese sulfate heptahydrate, 23-24% of monopotassium phosphate, 12-14% of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 3-4% of calcium lactate pentahydrate, 0.1-0.2% of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and the balance of zeolite powder.
8. The portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine added according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the nutritional ingredients in the portunus trituberculatus feed comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45-45.5% of crude protein, 8-9% of crude fat, 27-28% of carbohydrate, 5-6% of crude fiber, 5-6% of ash and 8-9% of water.
9. The Portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine added according to claim 8, wherein the nutritional ingredients in the Portunus trituberculatus feed comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45.30% crude protein, 8.02% crude fat, 27.52% carbohydrate, 5.03% crude fiber, 5.40% ash, 8.73% moisture.
10. The preparation method of the portunus trituberculatus feed externally added with isoleucine according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving the soybean lecithin in the fish oil and the soybean oil in a formula ratio in advance, and uniformly mixing;
s2, crushing other raw materials except the soybean lecithin, the fish oil and the soybean oil in advance, sieving the crushed raw materials by a 60-mesh sieve, accurately weighing the raw materials according to a formula, uniformly mixing various feed components in a step-by-step manner from small to large according to the specific gravity, adding a mixture of the soybean lecithin, the soybean oil and the fish oil, fully mixing the mixture, adding water with the mass being 30% of the mass of the raw materials, and fully mixing the mixture;
and S3, putting the uniformly mixed feed raw materials obtained in the step S2 into an automatic granulator to prepare feed particles with the particle sizes of 2mm and 4mm, and naturally drying the feed particles to obtain the portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine.
CN202211416938.2A 2022-11-14 2022-11-14 Portunus trituberculatus feed with exogenous isoleucine and preparation method thereof Pending CN115769859A (en)

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