CN115768614A - 无胶无尘复合地板材料系统 - Google Patents
无胶无尘复合地板材料系统 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115768614A CN115768614A CN201980093157.4A CN201980093157A CN115768614A CN 115768614 A CN115768614 A CN 115768614A CN 201980093157 A CN201980093157 A CN 201980093157A CN 115768614 A CN115768614 A CN 115768614A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- flooring
- layer
- free
- floor
- polyvinyl chloride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Abstract
本公开提供一种提供聚氯乙烯类地板的无胶无尘复合地板材料系统,聚氯乙烯类地板具有衬料层提供不同品质的硬度、耐磨性、隔音以及装饰性图案的防水层,从而避免使用易受水分影响的压缩纤维素类填料,其中各层熔合在一起,从而避免使用胶或粘合剂的制造复杂性和分层风险,其中快速固化、紫外线固化的顶部涂层提供持久的高性能且缩短和简化可以片形式、基本上连续运行的方式来进行的制造,且能够快速和简单地改变所产生的可选设计印刷和纹理,且聚氯乙烯类地板具有可选的衬料层。
Description
相关申请案的交叉参考
本申请案主张2019年2月27日申请的标题为“无胶无尘复合地板材料系统(Glueless Dustless Composite Flooring Material System)”的申请案第16/287,840号的优先权,所述申请案的全部公开内容特此以引用的方式并入且特此主张所述申请案的优先权。
背景技术
本发明提供一种高效地制造且得到持久高性能地板的PVC类无胶无尘复合地板材料系统。使用压缩锯屑或粉尘作为芯材料的现有地板材料产品易因水或其它液体而损坏且过早失效,尤其是在潮湿环境中和在需要频繁清洁的使用时。然而,压缩粉尘芯提供具有某些期望特征(例如,隔音)的地板材料。地板组合物中的压缩粉尘的去除需要一种新颖方式以通过使用不同材料或不同制造工艺来重新获得那些特性。
使用胶或粘合剂来将各层结合的现有层压地板材料产品易于分层和过早失效,尤其是在潮湿环境中。粘合剂的处理、应用以及设置或固化增加制造地板的工艺的复杂性,从而使这一步骤具有妨碍高效连续运行或长时间运行的制造的潜在瓶颈。
将精整涂层施加到地板材料是改善地板材料的外观和耐磨性的良好方式。但在地板材料含有PVC的情况下,存在在制造工艺中实现精整涂层的恰当粘合性的难题和问题,和在安装之后过早分层的额外潜在问题。为了在制造时获得良好粘合性,目前使用需要较长固化时间或复杂处理的涂层。聚氨基甲酸酯经历可能花费八到十个小时的氧化固化。两部分环氧树脂(two-part epoxy)可能花费至少三十分钟来固化,这仍是较长时间且是妨碍连续运行的制造的另一潜在瓶颈。此外,两部分环氧树脂需要在制造工艺中额外混合和处理。
通常将表面设计和纹理印刷在地板材料上且按压到地板材料中,从而频繁模仿木材、石材或地砖。施加这些装饰性图案和纹理的当前方法主要受限于通过有限大小的辊或板压印的短的频繁重复的图案。在施加超过一种颜色、色彩、色调或阴影的情况下,会频繁出现配准(registration)问题。这类限制不利于将生产从一种装饰性图案切换到另一种装饰性图案的任何能力。一旦特定装饰性图案的生产得到校准和配准,便不情愿作出改变。
在地板材料的制造商必须解决这些问题的情况下,价格将会升高或利润将会下降是有可能的。如果没有解决所述问题,那么地板材料将可能过早失效。因此需要不含任何水基产品(例如,墨水或染料)、不含粘合剂且不含压缩纤维素材料(例如,锯屑或粉尘)但仍具有所期望品质的地板材料。目前也需要更高效、更经济、装饰性图案更多样化、更快和生产更持久以及高性能的地板材料的制造方法。
由戴维C.刘(David C.Liu)在2011年2月10日针对“具有垫料的地板和瓷砖(Floorand Tile with Padding)”所发布的美国公开案第2011/0030300号公开了具有贴合到地板板材(floor board)底侧的衬垫的柔性地板板材。衬垫局部地覆盖地板板材的底侧且延伸超出地板板材。衬垫的底侧覆盖有可再粘胶层(restickable glue layer),且地板板材的一端上具有阳锁定件(male lock)且另一端上具有阴锁定件(female lock)。地板板材通过将第一地板板材的阴锁定件下压到第二地板板材的阳锁定件上而与邻近地板板材啮合。未由衬垫覆盖的第一地板板材的底侧放置为与第二地板板材的延伸超出第二地板板材的衬垫接触。由于对硬木地板的需要,开发出刘氏地板(Liu flooring)而不存在胶粘(glue-down)安装和浮动安装两方面的问题。硬木地板意味着易于安装而无需脏乱的胶、不会分层、不存在中空区域且不会被水快速破环。
由郝A.陈(Hao A.Chen)等人在2009年9月10日针对“表面覆盖层的连接系统(Connecting System for Surface Coverings)”所发布的美国公开案第2009/0223162号公开了具有以下的条板:沿着所述条板的宽度延伸的相对的第一端和第二端、沿着所述条板的长度延伸的相对的第一纵向侧和第二纵向侧以及相对的顶表面和底表面。条板可在第一端处具有榫舌边缘(tongue edge)且在第二端处具有凹槽边缘(groove edge)。榫舌边缘可以可拆卸地锁定到邻近的相同条板的凹槽边缘中。还提供具有连接在一起的多个条板的表面覆盖系统。具体地说,地板条板的优选实施例包括:(1)顶表面;(2)底表面;(3)第一纵向侧;(4)第二纵向侧,与第一纵向侧相对;(5)第一端,沿着地板条板的宽度延伸且包括榫舌边缘;以及(6)第二端,与第一端相对,沿着地板条板的宽度延伸且包括凹槽边缘。榫舌边缘包含:垂直远端表面,大体上垂直于顶表面和底表面;顶部平面倾斜表面,远离垂直远端表面朝向顶表面延伸;垂直唇缘(lip),从顶表面向下延伸;沟道,大体上安置在顶部平面倾斜表面与顶表面之间,沟道包括沟道底部和沟道背部,沟道背部远离沟道底部朝向垂直唇缘延伸;尖峰轨道(pinnacle rail),连接顶部平面倾斜表面与沟道,其中沟道底部在尖峰轨道下方竖直延伸,且沟道背部比垂直唇缘更远离垂直远端表面横向延伸;底部平面倾斜表面,远离垂直远端表面朝向底表面延伸;以及竖直肩部,从底部平面倾斜表面延伸到底表面。
由凯思E.奥尔森(Keith E.Olson)等人在2003年5月6日针对“可剥离涂布系统(Strippable Coating System)”所发行的美国专利第6,558,795号提供含有对经固化涂层赋予较大可剥离性的试剂的辐射可固化涂层。试剂可包含在涂层中或一或多个随后施加的维护涂层中。可固化涂层可为水性的,由无机颗粒组成,且赋予较大可剥离性的试剂可增强辐射可固化维护涂层对经固化涂层的粘合性。试剂可进一步包括减少经固化涂层的分子量的链转移剂,且在一优选实施例中,可含有醇、酯、醛或其混合物。
在一个实施例中,由理查德C.麦克奎恩(Richard C.MacQueen)等人在2004年5月4日针对“具有宏观纹理的涂层及其制作工艺(Coating Having Macroscopic TextureandProcess for Making Same)”所发行的美国专利第6,730,388号提供经涂布衬底,所述经涂布衬底包括衬底、在衬底的至少一部分上的经辐射固化的涂层或经热固化的涂层,其中涂层包括固有的宏观纹理。在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种包括辐射可固化树脂和起始剂或热可固化树脂和热起始剂的预固化涂层混合物,其中辐射可固化树脂或热可固化树脂和相应起始剂形成能够在将所述混合物施加在衬底上时形成宏观纹理的预固化涂层混合物。在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种包括辐射可固化树脂或热可固化树脂、起始剂以及纹理产生颗粒的预固化涂层混合物,所述纹理产生颗粒具有有效大小以在将所述混合物施加在衬底上时提供宏观纹理。在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种包括衬底和在衬底的至少一部分上的经辐射固化的涂层或经热固化的涂层的经涂布衬底,其中涂层包括固有的宏观纹理。另外,本发明提供一种在衬底上制作涂层的工艺,包括以下步骤:在衬底的至少一部分上方分布包括辐射可固化树脂和起始剂或热可固化树脂和热起始剂的预固化涂层混合物以形成具有宏观纹理的预固化涂层,且分别对预固化涂层进行辐射固化或热固化以形成具有宏观纹理的经辐射固化的涂层或经热固化的涂层。
由杨P.(Yang P.)在2015年12月30日针对“瓷质木料板砖(Porcelain TimberApron Brick)”所发布的中国公开案第204920130号公开包含瓷砖层、木板层以及防水层的瓷质木料板砖。木板层和防水层分别固定在瓷砖层的两侧上,其中木板层位于瓷砖层的上表面上。在杨氏地砖(Yang tile)中,木板层和防水层组合起来的厚度小于瓷砖层的厚度。配备有木板层会防止砖表面温度过低,且在使用期间提高舒适度。防水层有效地防止地面上的积水进入瓷砖层和木板层,从而实现地砖的防水性能。
由梁Y.(Liang Y.)在2011年9月14日针对“木材和陶瓷复合地板砖(Wood andCeramic Composite Floor Tile)”所发布的中国公开案第201972361号公开包括芯材料、面板以及底板的木材和陶瓷复合地板砖,其中芯材料布置在面板与底板之间。芯材料通过粘合层分别与面板和底板连接,且是一种或多种瓷砖。还提供框架条,且框架条布置在芯材料的外围处。地砖尝试解决瓷砖的以下问题:现有木材和陶瓷复合地板砖易于损坏且以制造成本高为特征。所公开的地砖提供一种难以损坏、易于加工、便于安装且具有高的不可变形性特征的复合地板砖,藉此有效地降低地砖的成本。
由戴维C.刘(David C.Liu)在2012年5月1日针对“水平工程设计的硬木地板和安装方法(Horizontally Engineered Hardwood Floor and Method of Installation)”所发行的美国专利第8,166,718号提供包含放置多个条的顶部装饰层的地板板材。多个条布置成一些为X轴取向且一些为Y轴取向。多个条还具有使木地板板材能够如地砖那样安装的特性。具体地说,刘的专利包含具有长度的高性能工程设计的木地板板材,所述木地板板材包括:(1)顶部木材层,具有沿着地板板材的长度排开的木材纹理,顶部木材层具有顶表面和底表面;(2)多个支撑条,贴合在顶部木材层下方,多个支撑条中的第一子组在第一方向上取向,且多个支撑条中的第二子组在第二方向上取向,多个支撑条中的第一子组与多个支撑条中的第二子组实体分离且不与其接触,其中顶部木材层大体上覆盖支撑条的第一子组和第二子组;以及(3)粘合层,放置在顶部木材层与多个支撑条之间。粘合层覆盖顶部木材层的底表面。另外,多个支撑条中的第一支撑条具有锁定唇缘,且多个支撑条中的第二支撑条具有凹陷槽,且高性能工程设计的木地板板材中第一支撑条的锁定唇缘能够耦合到所述地板板材中第二支撑条的凹陷槽。
由德朗涛(Delong Tao)在2005年12月8日针对“陶瓷木材层压地板(ACeramicWood Laminated Floor)”所发布的国际公开案第WO2005/116362号公开由基层和表面层组成的地板,所述基层由瓷砖制成,所述表面层由木材或竹子制成。在表面层与基层之间,设置有结合涂层。基层的下表面配备有弹性衬垫。
发明内容
本发明提供PVC类地板的无胶无尘复合地板材料系统,所述PVC类地板具有衬料层提供不同品质的硬度、耐磨性、隔音以及装饰性图案的防水层,其中各层在不使用胶或粘合剂的情况下熔合在一起,具有可选的UV固化的顶部涂层、可变的设计印刷以及纹理,且所述PVC类地板视情况具有衬料层,所述衬料层可以片形式、基本上连续运行的方式来制造,且能够快速和简单地改变所产生的可选设计印刷和纹理,从而得到持久的高性能地板产品。
本发明避免使用易受水损害(例如,泡胀和失效)影响的透水性压缩纤维素材料,例如锯屑填料。本发明避免使用胶或粘合剂,所述胶或粘合剂易于过早分层失效且增加制造的成本和复杂性。地板材料提供不含水基材料(例如水基墨水或染料)的地板覆盖材料。以新颖方式提供压缩粉尘填料和胶或粘合剂的期望品质。
附图说明
现将参考图式,其中相似部分由相似编号标示,且其中:
图1为本发明的无胶无尘复合地板材料系统的一实施例的示意性剖视图;
图2为本发明的无胶无尘复合地板材料系统的一实施例的示意图分解图;
图3为本发明的无胶无尘复合地板材料系统的实施例的示意性分解图;
图4为模仿水磨石的本发明的无胶无尘复合地板材料系统的另一实施例的示意性剖视图;
图5为模仿大理石的本发明的无胶无尘复合地板材料系统的另一实施例的示意性剖视图;
图6为具有单一挤出基层的本发明的无胶无尘复合地板材料系统的一实施例的示意性剖视图;
图7为具有双重挤出基层的本发明的无胶无尘复合地板材料系统的一实施例的示意性剖视图;
图8为生产本发明的无胶无尘复合地板材料系统的方法的流程图图示。
具体实施方式
大体参考所有图式,示出无胶无尘复合地板系统100和生产方法200的实施例。
参考图1和图2,无胶无尘复合地板系统100包括不同材料的三个防水层20、防水层30、防水层40以及可选的衬料层10,所述三个防水层20、防水层30、防水层40在不使用单独的胶或粘合剂的情况下彼此强有力地结合。可选衬料层10可为天然材料(例如,软木或橡胶)或合成材料(例如,开孔塑料泡沫或闭孔塑料泡沫)。乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(ethylene vinylacetate,EVA)为合适的材料。无胶无尘复合地板系统100为所使用的任何类型的可选衬料层10提供防水覆盖,从而允许对衬料层使用水敏材料(water sensitive material)。可选衬料层10可被省略,可在制造期间贴附到已完成的地板,或可制作成可用作单独封装的物件。视任何特定衬料材料承受下文所公开的热熔叠加工艺的能力而定,衬料可在制造工艺之前或之后贴附到无胶无尘复合地板系统100的其余部分。
无胶无尘复合地板系统100提供防水地板基层20,所述防水地板基层20是根据图8中所示出和下文更详细地公开的无胶无尘复合地板系统方法200通过对PVC树脂和其它材料的掺合混合物进行熔合、挤出以及模制成型来形成。可选地,PVC树脂和其它熔合相容材料的两种或多于两种的不同混合物可被共挤出到同一模具中,所述模具将产生具有不同的子层或阶层(strata)(例如,示出的第一基底挤出物21和第二基底挤出物22)的熔合地板基层20。PVC树脂掺合物可通过使用不同材料和填料或不同比例的材料和填料来调整以在熔合和挤出时具有不同性质。如果一种PVC树脂掺合物产生期望硬度和稳定性,但缺乏隔音或其它海绵质品质,那么可将不同的PVC树脂掺合物或不同的挤出技术应用为共挤出,以便提供否则缺失的品质。在优选的共挤出实施例中,针对强度形成较坚硬的较硬阶层,且针对缓冲和声音吸收形成致密泡沫式的较松软阶层。
通过调整一种或多种PVC树脂掺合物和一种或多种挤出方法来调整防水地板基层20的特性且因此调整总体已完成的地板的特性的能力不再需要使用压缩粉尘,所述压缩粉尘易受水分侵害且另外在一些气候条件下和对于一些使用来说存在问题。举例来说,取决于对硬度的同时需要,在地板基层20中(或在整个层中或在层内的阶层中)一致地形成受控量的致密泡沫可复制压缩粉尘芯的期望品质,但不会复制粉尘的缺点。
在优选实施例中的一个中,合适的地板基层20中所包含的熔合相容材料的混合物为:(a)50千克PVC;(b)100千克到175千克的800目到1000目碳酸钙(CaCO3);(c)3.8千克到5.0千克钙/锌热稳定剂;(d)2.5千克到5.0千克氯化聚乙烯弹性体;(e)1.0千克到4.0千克丙烯酸聚合物改性剂;(f)0.4千克到0.6千克内部润滑剂;以及(g)0.5千克到1.5千克高熔点聚合物;以及可选地(h)0.2千克到0.3千克高密度聚乙烯氧化物。
在优选实施例中,按重量计,PVC混合物包括20%与35%之间的聚氯乙烯、63%与73%之间的碳酸钙、2%与2.5%之间的钙/锌热稳定剂、1.6%与2.5%之间的氯化聚乙烯弹性体、0.6%与1.7%之间的丙烯酸聚合物改性剂、0.2%与0.25%之间的内部润滑剂、0.32%与0.62%之间的高熔点聚合物,且可选地0.06%与1.22%之间和可选地0.1%与0.12%之间的高密度聚乙烯氧化物。这一混合物适用于单一挤出基层或共挤出层或多个共挤出层。
生产防水无胶无尘地板材料系统的方法提供在合适的大容器中将地板基层20的材料进行混合直到材料彻底混合。接着,在同一大容器或不同的大容器中,熔合步骤提供在继续将材料混合的同时对材料混合物加热。所述方法的优选实施例为在接近但不超过1600转/分的高速下搅拌的同时将混合物加热到115℃到130℃。在熔合完成之后,使熔合的PVC材料稍微冷却。PVC材料注定要在挤出工艺中再加热,因此如果立即将一批熔合混合物发送到挤出机,那么需要将熔合混合物冷却到足以安全且高效地从粉尘混合区域和熔合区域传送到挤出区域和模具区域的较干净环境。这种传送或递送可通过使用如本领域中已知的大导管来实现。水或另一冷却剂可在用于熔合的容器周围的护套中循环以便从熔合的PVC混合物带走热量,注意不能过快地冷却,这可能会影响地板基层20的塑料性质。
混合步骤、熔合步骤以及冷却步骤本质上是分批工艺。然而,通过仔细地调整和控制所述工艺,或通过设置多于一个生产线且使其操作错开,可产生基本上连续供应的熔合的PVC材料,且将其供应到后续操作。
将熔合的PVC混合物传送到螺杆挤出机以用于在高温和高压下挤出到挤出模具。优选实施例是在不超过40转/分的速度、20毫帕到35毫帕的挤出压力以及160℃到186℃的温度下使用80毫米直径的螺杆进行挤出。出于形成不同阶层的目的,可将多于一种混合物共挤出到同一挤出模具,如上文所公开。这种挤出和模制成型工艺得到一片地板基层20。所述片可以是超长或基本上连续的。如果适当协调工艺的混合-熔合-冷却-递送步骤以便将连续供应的熔合的PVC材料提供到螺杆挤出机,那么挤出机可供应基本上连续的一片地板基层20以用于基本上连续的一片地板面层30的热熔叠加。
地板面层30包括熔合到磨损面子层32的装饰性面子层31。装饰性面子层31可由PVC装饰膜形成,且通常将为不透明的且具有充当意图施加的任何装饰性图案33(例如,木材、石材或地砖的仿制品或其它装饰性图案)的底色或背景色的颜色。磨损面子层32可由通常为透明或大部分为透明的高分子耐磨性PVC聚合物膜形成,因而可以看见装饰性面子层31。在无胶无尘复合地板系统100的大部分实施例中,在装饰性面子层31与磨损面子层32熔合之前,将装饰性图案33施加到装饰性面子层31。装饰性图案33可能模仿传统地板材料,例如木材、石材或地砖。简要地参考图3,其示意性地示出地板面层30可能具有模仿大理石、水磨石或木材的装饰性图案,不同的装饰性图案33可与无胶无尘复合地板系统100一起使用。所述图案可使用印刷辊或使用数字图像印刷装置来施加。与辊印刷中固有的重复相比,数字印刷的优点在于可产生不具有精确重复或非常长的重复周期的图像。数字印刷的另一优点在于可适当地施加或甚至掺合几种不同的颜色、阴影或色调,这在地板制造环境中用辊印刷是非常繁琐或不可能的。
形成装饰性面子层31的PVC装饰膜可以大卷供应。这种PVC装饰膜的强度和磨损特性不会显著影响已完成的地板的强度和磨损特性,这是因为其它元件提供这种强度和磨损特性。根据实际情况,PVC装饰膜应足够坚韧以避免在地板制造工艺期间撕裂。
对磨损面子层32使用高分子耐磨性PVC聚合物膜为已完成的地板提供大部分的期望耐磨性,其中地板涂层40提供其余的耐磨性。这种膜也可以大卷供应。
基本上连续的一片地板面层30可通过使用大卷PVC膜或通过具有高效的再装载法来产生。
尽管在随后与地板基层20熔合之前,磨损面子层32可熔合到装饰性面子层31作为制造工艺中的单独步骤,但是无胶无尘复合地板系统方法200的优选实施例提供一次性将磨损面子层32、装饰性面子层31以及地板基层20同时熔合。这种熔合通过以下方式实现:热熔叠加、使子层与层以适当的次序彼此接触且同时加热且对堆叠施加压缩以在不使用胶或粘合剂的情况下将各层熔合在一起,且因此基本上消除已完成的地板的分层或其它失败的潜在问题。热熔叠加可通过将磨损面子层32、装饰性面子层31以及地板基层20馈送到一组加热辊中来实现。在磨损面子层32和装饰性面子层31以基本上相等宽度的大卷PVC聚合物膜形式供应且地板基层20形成为与膜的卷具有基本上相同宽度的片或形成为允许并排地同时加工多个片的宽度的分区的情况下,热熔叠加可以连续或接近连续运行的方式执行。
可选地,可将纹理化、压花的、同时压花的、凹陷的或同时凹陷的表面图案施加到熔合的基层和面层的地板面层30。这类纹理可为与印刷装饰性图案33互补或同步的模仿装饰性纹理,或可为意图改善已完成的地板的牵引力、光反射或其它品质的纹理。纹理化、压花的、同时压花的、凹陷的或同时凹陷的表面图案可与热熔叠加压缩阶段同时或紧接其后施加到熔合的基层和面层的地板面层30,同时地板面层30仍被部分地熔融且为柔韧的。与地板面层30接触的热熔辊可配置成压花纹理,但所述布置将需要较小的纹理重复周期或较大辊。压花可在紧接热熔叠加压缩之后由一或多个辊、板或其它装置(例如耙(rake))按压到现在熔合的基层和面层的地板面层30中来执行,同时部分组件仍是柔韧的。视纹理的量和属性而定,可使用硬质电线的圆柱作为用于凹陷的辊,可使用有孔圆柱作为用于压花的辊或可使用可能允许耙齿移动以便产生变化的耙布置。
热熔叠加在不使用胶或粘合剂的情况下将地板面层30和地板基层20熔合在一起。表面和基底子组件是在非常高的温度下进行热熔叠加和可选的纹理化而形成。接着调节表面和基底子组件。这一调节步骤使表面和基底子组件能够相当缓慢且均匀地冷却到周围环境温度,而无需淬火或其它突然冷却,以便防止在片中产生应力。因为表面和基底子组件是几乎整个表面区域的薄片,所以冷却不需要过量的时间,且可通过为传送带提供足够的额外长度以实现冷却而在连续运行的基础上进行调节。可选地,可执行额外的调节程序(例如,电晕放电或燃烧)以制备用于施加地板涂层40的PVC表面。可在这一点处或在已执行热熔叠加和可选的纹理化之后的后续点处将可选的衬料10添加到子组件。
如果存在连续供应的基层和面层片,那么基本上连续的表面和基底子组件片可通过热熔叠加步骤产生。
在表面和基底子组件已在调节步骤中冷却之后,接着将子组件涂布在具有塑料树脂的顶部或地板面层30侧上,所述塑料树脂可在紫外(ultraviolet,UV)光下固化,从而形成地板涂层40。适用于施加到PVC上的UV固化底漆和顶部涂层为本领域中已知的。一般来说,UV固化底漆和顶部涂层将是透亮的、无色的且透明的,使得装饰性图案33能够通过其展示。一般来说,与有色涂层相比,无色涂层可更快地且使用更少的曝光来固化。UV固化顶部涂层是可用的,其提供有光泽的饰面或无光泽的饰面且具有例如耐刮擦性的期望特性。可选地,砂质颗粒材料(例如,氧化铝或陶瓷粉末)或其它抗磨材料可添加到UV固化塑料树脂中且并入地板涂层40中,以提供额外的牵引力和额外的耐磨性。在一优选实施例中,UV底漆和UV顶部涂层使用一系列辊以长时间运行或连续运行的方式来施加。
应存在施加UV固化底漆和至少一次施加UV固化顶部涂层,但多于一次施加UV固化顶部涂层将可能改善已完成的地板的外观和耐久性。固化是通过曝光到来自例如汞(Hg)灯或镓(Ga)灯的UV光来实现。UV固化进行地非常快,仅在几秒内,且可在工件从一组UV光下方通过的传送带上行进的时间内完成。相反,聚氨基甲酸酯的氧化固化可能花费八到十小时,且两部分环氧树脂的固化可能花费至少三十分钟或大于三十分钟。
在无胶无尘复合地板系统方法200的地板涂层40中使用UV固化塑料树脂消除了制造工艺中的潜在瓶颈,从而能够产生基本上连续的完全组装的、熔合的、装饰的、涂布的以及固化的地板材料片。熔合的基底和表面子组件的涂布和UV固化产生复合地板材料的成品大片组件,所述成品大片组件将地板基层20、地板面层30以及地板涂层40与可选的衬料层10合并。这一成品大片组件意图被分成可在安装期间易于处理的期望大小和构型的片段,例如地砖或条板或大卷的片。
无胶无尘复合地板系统方法200中的最终步骤是轮廓加工,其中将已完成的地板材料大片切割成期望大小且具有所形成的适当卡槽、凹槽、突片或其它安装相关组件。可选地,可在成型地板材料的两侧或四侧上加工斜边,用颜料喷涂,有时用于模仿木材、地砖、织物或大理石的设计,例如斜边上的灰色用于模仿地砖之间的灌浆线且黑色或深色用于模仿木材上的法国油墨(French bleed)。从剖面图看,斜边可呈不同形状,比如形成角度的直线或正方形或圆弧。接着对已完成的地板材料进行检查和包装以用于运输和销售。
参考图8,无尘无胶复合地板系统生产方法200的流程图图示,由PVC和其它原材料通过混合、熔合、冷却、递送、挤出、模制成型以及调节-冷却形成地板基层20,从而得到可能为基本上连续的以片形式供应的地板基层20。通过提供PVC装饰膜、可选地在其上印刷装饰性图案33且接着添加PVC耐磨膜而单独地且可能同时地形成地板面层30,从而得到也可能为基本上连续的以片形式供应的地板面层30。接着使地板基层20和地板面层30的片以适当取向靠近且在不使用胶或粘合剂的情况下通过热熔叠加、可选地随后纹理化熔合在一起,从而得到也可能为基本上连续的以片形式供应的基底和表面子组件。接着调节步骤使热熔的基底和表面子组件冷却,且可选地提供其它调节程序。接着施加UV固化塑料树脂涂层作为底漆层和至少一个顶部涂层。在每次施加UV固化塑料树脂之后,通过曝光到UV光使经涂布的地板材料片经受UV固化,从而实现非常快的固化。可对基本上连续的以片形式供应的基底和表面子组件执行调节工艺、涂布工艺以及UV固化工艺,且得到也可能为基本上连续的以片形式供应的已完成的、熔合的、经涂布的以及经固化的地板材料。接着在轮廓处理步骤中将已完成的地板片切割成一定大小,且形成用于安装目的的任何卡槽、凹槽或突片。最终步骤是对成型的地板材料件进行检查和包装。
无胶无尘复合地板系统方法200提供在连续运行的组件线传送带的基础上制造地板的能力。其还提供有效地将产品从一种颜色或设计图案变为另一种颜色或设计图案的能力。其得到不含粉尘且不含胶,但拥有与粉尘和胶相关联的期望品质的地板材料产品,所述期望品质是通过其它新颖方式来实现。
设想数字印刷可应用到基底地板层20。在这种情况下,在应用之前,施加水性UV底漆以具有良好的粘合特性,且接着施加UV腻子以具有光滑基底。接着,UV密封剂施加到标准白色基底上以用于在PVC上印刷。尤其在数字印刷的情况下,设计选项几乎是无限的。在印刷之前,可通过使用不同的辊来实现纹理化以获得期望的纹理化外观(例如,光滑、手刮、对准压花、刻度标记、锯切标记、BP以及木材纹理)。在印刷之后,将施加抗磨密封剂、磨砂密封剂、结构涂层以及抗刮擦顶部涂层,从而提供抗刮擦和抗磨蚀层。在这种情况下,可能不需要具有PVC装饰膜和高分子耐磨性PVC聚合物膜的地板面层30。
可在不脱离本发明的精神的情况下在本发明中作出许多其它改变和修改。因此我们希望仅通过所附权利要求书的范围来限制我们对本发明的权利。
Claims (20)
1.一种无胶无尘复合地板材料的产品,具有标称顶部方向和底部方向,所述无胶无尘复合地板材料包括:
(i)防水的地板基层,包括聚氯乙烯树脂混合物,所述聚氯乙烯树脂混合物不含压缩纤维素材料和胶且具有适于在使用时在所述地板基层中提供所要品质的相容材料,所述混合物可通过混合、熔合、冷却、递送、挤出、共挤出以及模制成型来形成;
(ii)防水的地板面层,包括固定在所述地板基层顶上的装饰性面子层和固定在所述装饰性面层顶上的磨损面子层,所述装饰性面子层包括聚氯乙烯装饰性聚合物膜且所述磨损面子层包括聚氯乙烯耐磨性膜;
其中所述地板面层通过热熔叠加熔合到所述地板基层的顶面且形成一体式的基底和表面子组件;以及
(iii)防水的地板涂层,包括紫外线可固化塑料树脂且固定在所述磨损面层顶上,所述地板涂层可通过用至少一种紫外线可固化塑料树脂涂布所述基底和表面子组件的顶面而形成;
其中所述基底和表面组件以及所述地板涂层可熔合在一起且形成防水的成品大片组件;且
其中所述成品大片组件可按轮廓加工成所要尺寸和形状,从而得到不含水基材料的防水地板覆盖物的多个地板区段。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中所述地板基层包括第一挤出基子层和在所述第一基子层顶上熔合的第二共挤出基子层,所述第一基层和所述第二基层可模制成型。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,更包括(iv)衬料层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中所述聚氯乙烯装饰性聚合物膜更包括有色膜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中所述聚氯乙烯装饰性聚合物膜更包括施加的装饰性图案。
6.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,更包括在所述基底和表面组件上压花的纹理化表面。
7.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中所述聚氯乙烯耐磨性聚合物膜是透明的。
8.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中所述地板涂层是透明的。
9.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中所述地板涂层更包括砂质颗粒材料。
10.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中所述地板涂层更包括氧化铝。
11.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中所述聚氯乙烯树脂混合物包括:
(a)50千克聚氯乙烯(PVC);
(b)100千克到175千克的800目到1000目碳酸钙;
(c)3.8千克到5.0千克钙/锌热稳定剂;
(d)2.5千克到5.0千克氯化聚乙烯弹性体;
(e)1.0千克到4.0千克丙烯酸聚合物改性剂;
(f)0.4千克到0.6千克内部润滑剂;以及
(g)0.5千克到1.5千克高熔点聚合物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中所述聚氯乙烯树脂混合物更包括(h)0.2千克到0.3千克高密度聚乙烯氧化物。
13.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中所述地板涂层更包括紫外线可固化底漆和至少一种紫外线可固化顶部涂层。
14.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中所述紫外线可固化塑料树脂可通过曝光到汞(Hg)灯而固化。
15.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中所述紫外线可固化塑料树脂可通过曝光到镓(Ga)灯而固化。
16.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中所述地板基层可通过在接近但不超过1600转/分的高速下搅拌的同时将所述混合物加热到115℃到130℃而形成。
17.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中所述地板面层和所述地板基层的热熔叠加可通过使所述地板基层和所述地板面层通过至少一组加热的辊而熔合。
18.根据权利要求1所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中挤出所述地板基层更包括在未超过40转/分的速度、20毫帕到35毫帕的挤出压力以及160℃到186℃的温度下使用80毫米直径的螺杆进行挤出。
19.一种无胶无尘复合地板材料的产品,具有标称顶部方向和底部方向,所述无胶无尘复合地板材料包括:
(i)防水的地板基层,包括不含压缩纤维素材料和粘合剂的聚氯乙烯树脂混合物,所述聚氯乙烯树脂混合物具有适于在使用时在所述地板基层中提供所要品质的相容材料,所述混合物可通过混合、熔合、冷却、递送、共挤出以及模制成型而形成,按重量计,所述聚氯乙烯树脂混合物包括20%与35%之间的聚氯乙烯、63%与73%之间的碳酸钙、2%与2.5%之间的钙/锌热稳定剂、1.6%与2.5%之间的氯化聚乙烯弹性体、0.6%与1.7%之间的丙烯酸聚合物改性剂、0.2%与0.25%之间的内部润滑剂以及0.32%与0.62%之间的高熔点聚合物;
(ii)防水的地板面层,包括固定在所述地板基层顶上的装饰性面子层和固定在所述装饰性面层顶上的磨损面子层,所述装饰性面子层包括具有施加的装饰性图案的聚氯乙烯装饰性膜,且所述磨损面子层包括聚氯乙烯耐磨性膜;
其中所述地板面层通过热熔叠加熔合到所述地板基层的顶面且形成一体式的基底和表面子组件;以及
(iii)防水的地板涂层,包括紫外线可固化塑料树脂且固定在所述磨损面层顶上,所述地板涂层可通过用至少一种紫外线可固化塑料树脂涂布所述基底和表面子组件的顶面而形成;
其中所述基底和表面组件以及所述地板涂层的层可熔合在一起且形成防水的成品大片组件;且
其中所述成品大片组件可按轮廓加工成所要尺寸和形状,从而产生不含水基材料的防水地板覆盖物的多个地板区段。
20.根据权利要求19所述的无胶无尘复合地板材料,其中按重量计,所述聚氯乙烯树脂混合物更包括0.1%与1.2%之间的高密度聚乙烯氧化物。
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CN101294439B (zh) * | 2008-06-16 | 2011-12-21 | 吴绍元 | 一种多功能节能保温装饰板 |
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