CN115767870A - Preparation device for three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam - Google Patents

Preparation device for three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam Download PDF

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CN115767870A
CN115767870A CN202211373544.3A CN202211373544A CN115767870A CN 115767870 A CN115767870 A CN 115767870A CN 202211373544 A CN202211373544 A CN 202211373544A CN 115767870 A CN115767870 A CN 115767870A
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vacuum
atomic beam
light
magnetic field
dimensional cooling
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冯焱颖
曹明达
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam preparation device, which comprises: the device comprises a first vacuum shell, a second vacuum shell, an atom source, two pairs of correlation two-dimensional cooling light sources, two optical glues, a pair of correlation deflection light sources and a glass window sheet. The three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam preparation device uses the two optical adhesives with adjustable frequency to generate the opposite light in the direction of the incident atomic beam, and simultaneously connects the glass window sheet penetrating through the spray holes in the first direction to the joint of the two vacuum shells, so that the atomic beam has a small beam waist after entering the second vacuum cavity, the opposite light of the two optical adhesives in the two vacuum cavities is kept, and the outgoing atomic beam formed by the deflection of the incident atomic beam is emitted from the exit port by arranging the pair of opposite deflection light sources to generate the opposite deflection light in the second vacuum cavity, thereby achieving the effects of low fluorescence leakage, small volume, compact structure and simple light path.

Description

三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置Preparation device for three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及基于冷原子的量子精密测量领域,特别是涉及三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置。The invention relates to the field of quantum precision measurement based on cold atoms, in particular to a preparation device for three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beams.

背景技术Background technique

在原子物理的应用领域,制备出高通量的冷原子束是开展基础研究和应用的一大前提。其应用十分广泛,涉及原子钟、原子干涉仪、超精密原子分子光谱、原子光刻、玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态(BEC)实验等诸多领域。In the application field of atomic physics, the preparation of high-throughput cold atomic beams is a prerequisite for basic research and applications. Its applications are very extensive, involving atomic clocks, atomic interferometers, ultra-precise atomic and molecular spectroscopy, atomic lithography, Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) experiments and many other fields.

目前连续冷原子束的制备方法主要有两种:一种是基于热原子束源,后续通过赛曼减速器(Zeeman Slower)等方式利用激光对热原子束进行纵向的减速和横向的冷却;另一种方法基于磁光阱(Magneto-Optical Trapping,MOT)技术,直接从热原子蒸汽中冷却和陷俘原子,然后利用光压的不平衡将原子连续推出。根据所采用的磁场的不同,该方法又分为3D-MOT型或者低速浓密源(Low Velocity Intense Source,LVIS)、2D+-MOT型和2D-MOT型。At present, there are two main methods for preparing continuous cold atomic beams: one is based on a hot atomic beam source, and then uses a laser to decelerate the hot atomic beam longitudinally and laterally cool it through a Zeeman Slower; the other One method is based on Magneto-Optical Trapping (MOT) technology, which cools and traps atoms directly from hot atom vapor, and then uses the imbalance of light pressure to push the atoms out continuously. According to the different magnetic fields used, the method is divided into 3D-MOT type or low velocity dense source (Low Velocity Intense Source, LVIS), 2D+-MOT type and 2D-MOT type.

实现三维冷却温度都接近或者低于多普勒冷却极限的冷原子束对于提高后续检测灵敏度具有重要价值,例如在原子干涉仪中则可以有效提高干涉条纹对比度。此外,基于MOT的冷原子束源一般会在原子束出射方向存在推射光的作用,推射光以及原子荧光进入后续真空腔会对后续测量产生不利影响。如在原子钟中,推射光和原子荧光进入原子钟的微波作用区域会产生光频移而对使原子钟性能恶化。如在原子干涉仪中,同样会由于光频移影响而对干涉测量的灵敏度和稳定性产生不利影响。Achieving a cold atom beam whose three-dimensional cooling temperature is close to or lower than the Doppler cooling limit is of great value for improving the sensitivity of subsequent detection. For example, in an atom interferometer, the contrast of interference fringes can be effectively improved. In addition, the MOT-based cold atomic beam source generally has the effect of pushing light in the direction of the atomic beam, and the pushing light and atomic fluorescence entering the subsequent vacuum cavity will have an adverse effect on subsequent measurements. For example, in an atomic clock, when the propulsion light and atomic fluorescence enter the microwave action area of the atomic clock, the light frequency will shift and the performance of the atomic clock will be deteriorated. As in the atom interferometer, the sensitivity and stability of the interferometry will also be adversely affected due to the effect of optical frequency shift.

现有技术中,基于MOT的冷原子束源通常只能实现在原子束横向地达到或低于多普勒冷却极限的冷却,在原子束纵向则速度分布较宽,远高于多普勒冷却极限,因此难以实现三维冷原子束的制备。为此,在专利文献US20210243877A1采用2D+-MOT和移动光学粘胶(Moving Molasses,MM)的双腔结构实现了三维冷却的连续冷原子束。然而,该技术方案中的装置,系统光路复杂,体积较大。In the prior art, MOT-based cold atomic beam sources usually can only achieve cooling at or below the Doppler cooling limit in the transverse direction of the atomic beam, and the velocity distribution in the longitudinal direction of the atomic beam is wider, much higher than that of Doppler cooling. Therefore, it is difficult to realize the preparation of three-dimensional cold atom beams. For this reason, in the patent document US20210243877A1, a dual-cavity structure of 2D+-MOT and moving optical glue (Moving Molasses, MM) is used to realize a three-dimensionally cooled continuous cold atomic beam. However, in the device in this technical solution, the optical path of the system is complicated and the volume is relatively large.

发明内容Contents of the invention

基于此,有必要针对采用2D+-MOT和移动光学粘胶(Moving Molasses,MM)实现三维冷却的连续冷原子束的双腔结构,系统光路复杂,体积较大的问题,提供一种三维冷却的连续原子束的制备装置。Based on this, it is necessary to provide a three-dimensional cooling system for the dual-cavity structure of the continuous cold atomic beam that uses 2D+-MOT and Moving Molasses (MM) to achieve three-dimensional cooling, the system has a complex optical path and a large volume. A device for the preparation of continuous atomic beams.

一种三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置包括:A preparation device for a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam includes:

第一真空外壳,限定轴线方向沿第一方向的第一真空腔;a first vacuum housing defining a first vacuum chamber whose axis direction is along a first direction;

与所述第一真空外壳连接的第二真空外壳,所述第二真空外壳限定第二真空腔,所述第一真空腔沿第一方向的一端与所述第二真空腔连通,所述第二真空外壳上设有出射口;a second vacuum housing connected to the first vacuum housing, the second vacuum housing defines a second vacuum chamber, one end of the first vacuum chamber along the first direction communicates with the second vacuum chamber, and the first vacuum chamber communicates with the second vacuum chamber. 2. There is an exit port on the vacuum shell;

原子源,设置于所述第一真空外壳沿所述第一方向远离所述第二真空外壳的一端的侧面,所述原子源与所述第一真空腔连通;an atom source, disposed on the side of the first vacuum enclosure along the first direction away from one end of the second vacuum enclosure, the atom source is in communication with the first vacuum chamber;

两对对射二维冷却光源,两对所述对射二维冷却光源发射的光线分别沿第二方向和第三方向射向所述第一真空腔的中心,所述第二方向、所述第三方向、所述第一方向两两垂直;Two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources, the light emitted by the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources is directed toward the center of the first vacuum chamber along the second direction and the third direction respectively, the second direction, the The third direction and the first direction are perpendicular to each other;

两个光学黏胶,分别设置在所述第一真空外壳和所述第二真空外壳彼此远离的一端,以使两个所述光学黏胶产生的光束沿所述第一方向对射,两个所述光学黏胶分别具有多个频率;Two optical adhesives are respectively arranged at the ends of the first vacuum housing and the second vacuum housing away from each other, so that the light beams generated by the two optical adhesives face each other along the first direction, and the two optical adhesives The optical glue has multiple frequencies respectively;

一对对射偏转光源,所述对射偏转光源发射的光线射向所述第二真空腔的中心,且所述对射偏转光源发射的光线的方向与所述第一方向夹角为90°-θ,以使入射原子束偏转形成出射原子束后从所述出射口射出,90°>θ>0°;A pair of opposing deflecting light sources, the light emitted by the opposing deflecting light sources is directed towards the center of the second vacuum cavity, and the angle between the direction of the light emitted by the opposing deflecting light sources and the first direction is 90° -θ, so that the incident atomic beam is deflected to form an outgoing atomic beam and then emitted from the exit port, 90°>θ>0°;

玻璃窗片,所述玻璃窗片连接于所述第一真空外壳与所述第二真空外壳的连接处,所述玻璃窗片设有沿所述第一方向贯通的喷孔。A glass window, the glass window is connected to the junction of the first vacuum enclosure and the second vacuum enclosure, and the glass window is provided with a spray hole penetrating along the first direction.

在一实施例中,所述三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置还包括第一磁场发生部,所述磁场发生装部用于使所述第一真空腔内产生沿第一方向延伸的磁场,以控制所述入射原子束的束腰。In one embodiment, the device for preparing a three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam further includes a first magnetic field generating unit, and the magnetic field generating unit is used to generate a magnetic field extending along a first direction in the first vacuum cavity, so as to Controlling the beam waist of the incident atomic beam.

在一实施例中,所述第一磁场发生部产生的磁场为梯度磁场。In one embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generator is a gradient magnetic field.

在一实施例中,所述三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置还包括第二磁场发生部,所述磁场发生部用于使所述第二真空腔内产生沿所述出射原子束的出射方向延伸的磁场,以控制所述出射原子束的束腰。In one embodiment, the device for preparing a three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam further includes a second magnetic field generating part, the magnetic field generating part is used to generate a magnetic field in the second vacuum chamber that extends along the outgoing direction of the outgoing atomic beam The magnetic field to control the beam waist of the outgoing atomic beam.

在一实施例中,第二磁场发生部产生的磁场为梯度磁场。In one embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generator is a gradient magnetic field.

在一实施例中,θ为10-30°。In one embodiment, θ is 10-30°.

在一实施例中,还包括真空泵,所述第一真空外壳和/或所述第二真空外壳连接有所述真空泵。In an embodiment, a vacuum pump is further included, and the vacuum pump is connected to the first vacuum housing and/or the second vacuum housing.

在一实施例中,所述玻璃窗片表面镀增透膜,所述增透膜用于增强光学黏胶发出的光的透过率。In one embodiment, the surface of the glass window is coated with an anti-reflection film, and the anti-reflection film is used to enhance the transmittance of light emitted by the optical adhesive.

在一实施例中,所述第一真空外壳具有与所述两对对射二维冷却光源对应的第一透光玻璃,位于第一透光玻璃外侧的两对对射二维冷却光源,可通过对应的第一透光玻璃分别沿第二方向和第三方向,在第一真空腔内产生两对对射的二维冷却光;所述第二真空外壳具有与所述一对对射偏转光源对应的第二透光玻璃,位于第二透光玻璃外侧的一对对射偏转光源,可通过对应的第一透光玻璃沿与所述第一方向夹角为90°-θ的方向,在第二真空腔内产生一对对射的偏转光。In an embodiment, the first vacuum enclosure has a first light-transmitting glass corresponding to the two pairs of through-beam two-dimensional cooling light sources, and the two pairs of through-beam two-dimensional cooling light sources located outside the first light-transmitting glass can be Two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling lights are generated in the first vacuum chamber along the second direction and the third direction respectively through the corresponding first light-transmitting glass; The second light-transmitting glass corresponding to the light source, a pair of opposing deflecting light sources located outside the second light-transmitting glass, can pass through the corresponding first light-transmitting glass along a direction with an angle of 90°-θ with the first direction, A pair of opposing deflected lights are generated in the second vacuum cavity.

在一实施例中,第一真空外壳和第二真空外壳彼此远离的一端分别具有第三透光玻璃,其中一个所述光学黏胶设置在第一真空外壳远离第二真空外壳一端的第三透光玻璃的外侧,另一所述光学黏胶设置在第二真空外壳远离第一真空外壳一端的第三透光玻璃的外侧。In one embodiment, the ends of the first vacuum enclosure and the second vacuum enclosure away from each other have third light-transmitting glass respectively, and one of the optical adhesives is arranged on the third transparent glass at the end of the first vacuum enclosure away from the second vacuum enclosure. The outer side of the optical glass, and the other optical adhesive is arranged on the outer side of the third light-transmitting glass at the end of the second vacuum housing away from the first vacuum housing.

上述的三维连续冷却原子束制备装置,由于使用可调频两个光学黏胶在入射原子束方向产生对射光,同时将沿第一方向贯通的喷孔玻璃窗片,连接于第一真空外壳与第二真空外壳的连接处,既保证了原子束进入第二真空腔后具有较小束腰,同时保持了两个光学黏胶在第一真空腔与第二真空腔内的对射光,并且通过设置一对对射偏转光源在第二真空腔产生对射的偏转光,使得入射原子束偏转形成的出射原子束从出射口射出,从而达到了低荧漏,小体积、结构紧凑以及光路简单的效果。The above-mentioned three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam preparation device uses two frequency-tunable optical adhesives to generate opposing light in the direction of the incident atomic beam, and at the same time connects the nozzle glass window penetrating through the first direction to the first vacuum housing and the second vacuum shell. The junction of the two vacuum shells not only ensures that the atomic beam has a smaller beam waist after entering the second vacuum chamber, but also maintains the opposite light of the two optical adhesives in the first vacuum chamber and the second vacuum chamber, and by setting A pair of opposite deflection light sources generate opposite deflected light in the second vacuum chamber, so that the outgoing atomic beam formed by the deflection of the incident atomic beam is emitted from the exit port, thereby achieving the effects of low fluorescence leakage, small volume, compact structure and simple optical path .

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为一实施例三维连续冷却原子束制备装置沿第一方向与第二方向的剖面图。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam preparation device along a first direction and a second direction.

附图标号:Figure number:

110-第一真空外壳;111-第一真空腔;112-第一透光玻璃;110-the first vacuum shell; 111-the first vacuum cavity; 112-the first light-transmitting glass;

120-第二真空外壳;121-第二真空腔;122-出射口;123-出射法兰;124-第二透光玻璃;120-the second vacuum shell; 121-the second vacuum cavity; 122-the exit port; 123-the exit flange; 124-the second light-transmitting glass;

130-原子源;130 - atomic source;

140-对射二维冷却光源;140-cross-radiation two-dimensional cooling light source;

150-光学黏胶;151-第一光学黏胶;152-第二光学黏胶;153-第三透光玻璃;150-optical adhesive; 151-the first optical adhesive; 152-the second optical adhesive; 153-the third transparent glass;

160-对射偏转光源;160-opposite deflection light source;

170-入射原子束; 171-出射原子束;170-incident atomic beam; 171-exit atomic beam;

180-玻璃窗片; 181-喷孔;180-glass window; 181-nozzle;

190-第一磁场发生部; 191-第二磁场发生部;190-the first magnetic field generating part; 191-the second magnetic field generating part;

210-真空泵;210-vacuum pump;

XX’-第一方向;YY’-第二方向;ZZ’-第三方向。XX'-first direction; YY'-second direction; ZZ'-third direction.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, specific implementations of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described here, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " Back", "Left", "Right", "Vertical", "Horizontal", "Top", "Bottom", "Inner", "Outer", "Clockwise", "Counterclockwise", "Axial" , "radial", "circumferential" and other indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the referred device or Elements must have certain orientations, be constructed and operate in certain orientations, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中,“多个”的含义是至少两个,例如两个,三个等,除非另有明确具体的限定。In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系,除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise specified limit. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触,或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且,第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方,或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方,或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature may be in direct contact with the first feature or the first and second feature may be in direct contact with the second feature through an intermediary. touch. Moreover, "above", "above" and "above" the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. "Below", "beneath" and "beneath" the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.

需要说明的是,当元件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的,并不表示是唯一的实施方式。It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed on” or “disposed on” another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. As used herein, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions are for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to represent the only embodiment.

参阅图1,图1示出了本发明一实施例中的三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置沿第一方向XX’与第二方向YY’的剖面图,本发明一实施例提供了的一种三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置包括:第一真空外壳110、第二真空外壳120、原子源130、两对对射二维冷却光源140、两个光学黏胶150、一对对射偏转光源160以及玻璃窗片180。Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam preparation device along the first direction XX' and the second direction YY' in an embodiment of the present invention. An embodiment of the present invention provides a The preparation device for three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beams includes: a first vacuum enclosure 110, a second vacuum enclosure 120, an atom source 130, two pairs of opposite-beam two-dimensional cooling light sources 140, two optical adhesives 150, and a pair of opposite-beam deflection light sources 160 And the glass pane 180.

第一真空外壳110限定轴线方向沿第一方向XX’的第一真空腔111。第二真空外壳120与第一真空外壳110连接,第二真空外壳120限定第二真空腔121,第一真空腔111沿第一方向XX’的一端与第二真空腔121连通,第二真空外壳120上设有出射口122。The first vacuum housing 110 defines a first vacuum chamber 111 whose axis direction is along a first direction XX'. The second vacuum housing 120 is connected with the first vacuum housing 110, the second vacuum housing 120 defines a second vacuum chamber 121, one end of the first vacuum chamber 111 communicates with the second vacuum chamber 121 along the first direction XX', and the second vacuum housing 120 is provided with an exit port 122 .

原子源130设置于第一真空外壳110沿第一方向XX’远离第二真空外壳120的一端的侧面,且原子源130与第一真空腔111连通。The atom source 130 is disposed on the side of the first vacuum enclosure 110 away from the end of the second vacuum enclosure 120 along the first direction XX', and the atom source 130 communicates with the first vacuum chamber 111.

两对对射二维冷却光源140发射的光线分别沿第二方向YY’和第三方向ZZ’射向第一真空腔111的中心,第二方向YY’、第三方向ZZ’、第一方向XX’两两垂直。两个光学黏胶150,分别设置在第一真空外壳110和第二真空外壳120彼此远离的一端,以使两个光学黏胶150产生的光束沿第一方向XX’对射,两个光学黏胶150分别具有多个频率。对射偏转光源160发射的光线射向第二真空腔121的中心,且对射偏转光源160发射的光线的方向与第一方向XX’夹角为90°-θ,以使入射原子束170偏转形成出射原子束171后从出射口122射出,90°>θ>0°。玻璃窗片180连接于第一真空外壳110与第二真空外壳120的连接处,玻璃窗片180设有沿第一方向XX’贯通的喷孔181。The light rays emitted by the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 are directed toward the center of the first vacuum chamber 111 along the second direction YY' and the third direction ZZ' respectively, the second direction YY', the third direction ZZ', the first direction XX' two by two vertical. Two optical adhesives 150 are respectively arranged at the ends of the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120 away from each other, so that the light beams generated by the two optical adhesives 150 face each other along the first direction XX′, and the two optical adhesives The glues 150 each have a plurality of frequencies. The light emitted by the deflection light source 160 is directed towards the center of the second vacuum chamber 121, and the direction of the light emitted by the deflection light source 160 is at an angle of 90°-θ with the first direction XX', so that the incident atomic beam 170 is deflected After the outgoing atomic beam 171 is formed, it is emitted from the exit port 122, and 90°>θ>0°. The glass window 180 is connected to the junction of the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120, and the glass window 180 is provided with a nozzle hole 181 penetrating along the first direction XX'.

上述的三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置在使用过程中,第一真空外壳110限定轴线方向沿第一方向XX’的第一真空腔111。第二真空外壳120与第一真空外壳110连接,第二真空外壳120限定第二真空腔121,第一真空腔111沿第一方向XX’的一端与第二真空腔112连通,保证了原子与光束在真空环境下,从而保证了真空腔内原子与光束的可控性。原子源130设置于第一真空外壳110沿第一方向XX’远离第二真空外壳120的一端的侧面,且原子源130与第一真空腔111连通,向第一真空腔111内释放原子。During the use of the above-mentioned three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam preparation device, the first vacuum housing 110 defines a first vacuum chamber 111 whose axis direction is along the first direction XX'. The second vacuum housing 120 is connected with the first vacuum housing 110, and the second vacuum housing 120 defines a second vacuum chamber 121, and one end of the first vacuum chamber 111 along the first direction XX' communicates with the second vacuum chamber 112, ensuring that atoms and The beam is in a vacuum environment, thus ensuring the controllability of the atoms and the beam in the vacuum cavity. The atom source 130 is arranged on the side of the first vacuum housing 110 away from the end of the second vacuum housing 120 along the first direction XX', and the atom source 130 communicates with the first vacuum chamber 111 to release atoms into the first vacuum chamber 111.

两个光学黏胶150分别设置在第一真空外壳110和第二真空外壳120彼此远离的一端,以使两个光学黏胶150产生的光束沿第一方向XX’对射,其中设置在第一真空外壳110的光学黏胶为第一光学黏胶151,设置在第二真空外壳120的光学黏胶为第二光学黏胶152。因此第一光学黏胶151沿第一方向XX’发射的光束,为原子提供了一个沿第一方向XX’向第二真空外壳120移动的推力,形成初始原子束。The two optical adhesives 150 are respectively arranged at the ends of the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120 away from each other, so that the light beams generated by the two optical adhesives 150 face each other along the first direction XX′, wherein the first The optical adhesive of the vacuum housing 110 is the first optical adhesive 151 , and the optical adhesive disposed on the second vacuum housing 120 is the second optical adhesive 152 . Therefore, the light beam emitted by the first optical glue 151 along the first direction XX' provides a thrust for the atoms to move toward the second vacuum envelope 120 along the first direction XX', forming an initial atomic beam.

两对对射二维冷却光源140发射的光线分别沿第二方向YY’和第三方向ZZ’射向第一真空腔111的中心,第二方向YY’、第三方向ZZ’、第一方向XX’两两垂直,因此两对对射二维冷却光源140发射的光线,使得初始原子束的第二方向YY’与第三方向ZZ’被冷却,形成二维冷却原子束。玻璃窗片180连接于第一真空外壳110与第二真空外壳120的连接处,玻璃窗片180设有沿第一方向XX’贯通的喷孔181,二维冷却原子束通过喷孔181进入第二真空腔121。同时由于玻璃窗片180透光,因此可以使得两个光学黏胶150发射的光束仍保持对射。又因为两个光学黏胶150分别具有多个频率,因此在二维冷却原子束沿第一方向XX’像第二真空外壳120移动的过程中,两个光学黏胶150发射的对射光使得二维冷却原子束沿第一方向XX’不断冷却,从而形成三维冷却原子束,即入射原子束170,同时还可以调整两个光学黏胶150的频率,以控制入射原子束170的第一方向XX’冷却效果。The light rays emitted by the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 are directed toward the center of the first vacuum chamber 111 along the second direction YY' and the third direction ZZ' respectively, the second direction YY', the third direction ZZ', the first direction Two pairs of XX' are perpendicular to each other, so the light emitted by two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 cools the initial atomic beam in the second direction YY' and the third direction ZZ' to form a two-dimensional cooling atomic beam. The glass window 180 is connected to the junction of the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120. The glass window 180 is provided with a spray hole 181 penetrating along the first direction XX', and the two-dimensional cooling atomic beam enters the second vacuum through the spray hole 181. Two vacuum chambers 121 . At the same time, because the glass window 180 is transparent, the light beams emitted by the two optical adhesives 150 can still be kept facing each other. And because the two optical adhesives 150 respectively have multiple frequencies, when the two-dimensional cooling atomic beam moves along the first direction XX' like the second vacuum envelope 120, the opposing light emitted by the two optical adhesives 150 makes the two The three-dimensional cooling atomic beam is continuously cooled along the first direction XX' to form a three-dimensional cooling atomic beam, that is, the incident atomic beam 170. At the same time, the frequency of the two optical adhesives 150 can be adjusted to control the first direction XX of the incident atomic beam 170 'cooling effect.

对射偏转光源160发射的光线射向第二真空腔121的中心,且对射偏转光源160发射的光线的方向与第一方向XX’夹角为90°-θ,以使入射原子束170偏转形成的出射原子束171的方向与第一真空腔111的轴线方向的夹角为θ,并从出射口122射出,从而形成三维连续冷却原子束,同时出射角度无光束,因此避免了出射原子束171夹杂光子,从而降低了荧漏,减少荧光对于下一级作用区域的影响。The light emitted by the deflection light source 160 is directed towards the center of the second vacuum chamber 121, and the direction of the light emitted by the deflection light source 160 is at an angle of 90°-θ with the first direction XX', so that the incident atomic beam 170 is deflected The formed outgoing atomic beam 171 has an included angle of θ with the axial direction of the first vacuum chamber 111, and exits from the exit port 122, thereby forming a three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam. 171 contains photons, thereby reducing fluorescence leakage and reducing the impact of fluorescence on the next-level action area.

上述的三维连续冷却原子束制备装置,由于使用可调频的两个光学黏胶150在入射原子束170方向产生对射光,同时将沿第一方向XX’贯通喷孔181的玻璃窗片180,连接于第一真空外壳110与第二真空外壳120的连接处,既保证了原子束进入第二真空腔121后具有较小束腰,同时保持了两个光学黏胶150在第一真空腔111与第二真空腔121内的对射光,并且通过设置一对对射偏转光源160在第二真空腔121产生对射的偏转光,使得入射原子束170偏转形成的出射原子束171从出射口122射出,从而达到了低荧漏、小体积、结构紧凑、原子束冷却第一方向XX’可调以及光路简单的效果。The above-mentioned three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam preparation device uses two frequency-tunable optical adhesives 150 to generate opposing light in the direction of the incident atomic beam 170, and at the same time connects the glass window 180 that passes through the nozzle hole 181 along the first direction XX' to At the connection between the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120, it is ensured that the atomic beam has a smaller beam waist after entering the second vacuum chamber 121, and at the same time, two optical adhesives 150 are kept in the first vacuum chamber 111 and the second vacuum chamber 111. The incident light in the second vacuum chamber 121, and a pair of incident deflection light sources 160 are arranged to generate the incident deflected light in the second vacuum chamber 121, so that the outgoing atomic beam 171 deflected by the incident atomic beam 170 is emitted from the exit port 122 , thereby achieving the effects of low fluorescence leakage, small volume, compact structure, adjustable first direction XX' of atomic beam cooling, and simple optical path.

优选地,喷孔181的轴线为第一真空腔的轴线,以使二维冷却原子束沿第一真空腔111的轴线进入第二真空腔121,同时便于进行对射偏转光源160偏转方向的计算和出射口122位置的选定。Preferably, the axis of the nozzle hole 181 is the axis of the first vacuum chamber, so that the two-dimensional cooling atomic beam enters the second vacuum chamber 121 along the axis of the first vacuum chamber 111, and at the same time facilitates the calculation of the deflection direction of the deflecting light source 160 And the selection of exit port 122 position.

可选地,第一真空外壳110和第二真空外壳120可以由铝合金、不锈钢、钛合金或玻璃材料加工而成。Optionally, the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120 may be made of aluminum alloy, stainless steel, titanium alloy or glass material.

优选地,喷孔181内径在0.5~2mm之间。Preferably, the inner diameter of the nozzle hole 181 is between 0.5mm and 2mm.

可选地,喷孔181通过超声或者通过钻头打孔形成。Optionally, the nozzle holes 181 are formed by ultrasonic or drilling.

可选地,原子源130为碱金属的铷源或者铯源,原子源130通过加热使得原子进入第一真空腔111形成原子蒸汽。Optionally, the atomic source 130 is an alkali metal rubidium source or a cesium source, and the atomic source 130 is heated so that atoms enter the first vacuum chamber 111 to form atomic vapor.

在一实施例中,两个真空外壳通过真空法兰连接,从而保证了两真空腔的真空度。In one embodiment, the two vacuum shells are connected by vacuum flanges, thereby ensuring the vacuum degree of the two vacuum chambers.

在一实施例中,喷孔181玻璃窗片180制作在真空法兰上。In one embodiment, the nozzle hole 181 and the glass window 180 are fabricated on the vacuum flange.

在一实施例中,三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置还包括原子束出射法兰123,原子束出射法兰123连接出射口122,以使出射原子束171进入下一级真空系统。In one embodiment, the device for preparing a three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam further includes an atomic beam exit flange 123, which is connected to the exit port 122, so that the exit atomic beam 171 enters the next-stage vacuum system.

在一实施例中,三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置还包括第一磁场发生部190,磁场发生装部用于使第一真空腔111内产生沿第一方向XX’延伸的磁场,以控制入射原子束170的束腰,陷俘原子束。In one embodiment, the preparation device for three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beams further includes a first magnetic field generator 190, which is used to generate a magnetic field extending along the first direction XX' in the first vacuum chamber 111 to control the incident The beam waist of the atomic beam 170 traps the atomic beam.

在一实施例中,第一磁场发生部190产生的磁场为梯度磁场,以逐步控制入射原子束170的束腰,陷俘原子束。In one embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generator 190 is a gradient magnetic field, so as to gradually control the beam waist of the incident atomic beam 170 and trap the atomic beam.

在另一实施例中,第一磁场发生部190产生的磁场的磁感应强度恒定,以控制入射原子束170的束腰,陷俘原子束。In another embodiment, the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generating unit 190 is constant, so as to control the beam waist of the incident atomic beam 170 and trap the atomic beam.

可选地,第一磁场发生部190可以由永磁体产生或由通电线圈产生。Optionally, the first magnetic field generating part 190 may be generated by a permanent magnet or by an energized coil.

可选地,第一磁场发生部190产生的磁场可以是三维梯度磁场,如反亥姆霍兹线圈形成的3D-MOT磁场,或二维梯度磁场,如采用四个矩形通电线圈或者四极型的永磁铁构成的2D+-MOT磁场。Optionally, the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generator 190 may be a three-dimensional gradient magnetic field, such as a 3D-MOT magnetic field formed by an inverse Helmholtz coil, or a two-dimensional gradient magnetic field, such as four rectangular energized coils or a quadrupole type 2D+-MOT magnetic field composed of permanent magnets.

可选地,第一磁场发生部190可以放置于第一真空腔111内或第一真空腔111外。Optionally, the first magnetic field generator 190 may be placed inside the first vacuum chamber 111 or outside the first vacuum chamber 111 .

在一实施例中,三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置还包括第二磁场发生部191,磁场发生部用于使第一真空腔111内产生沿出射原子束171的出射方向延伸的磁场,以控制出射原子束171的束腰,陷俘原子束。In one embodiment, the device for preparing a three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam further includes a second magnetic field generator 191, which is used to generate a magnetic field extending along the outgoing direction of the outgoing atomic beam 171 in the first vacuum cavity 111, so as to control The beam waist of the outgoing atomic beam 171 is trapped in the atomic beam.

在一实施例中,第二磁场发生部191产生的磁场为梯度磁场。In one embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generating unit 191 is a gradient magnetic field.

在另一实施例中,第二磁场发生部191产生的磁场的磁感应强度恒定。In another embodiment, the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generating part 191 is constant.

可选地,第二磁场发生部191可以由永磁体产生或由通电线圈产生。Optionally, the second magnetic field generating part 191 may be generated by a permanent magnet or by an energized coil.

可选地,第二磁场发生部191产生的磁场可以是三维梯度磁场,如反亥姆霍兹线圈形成的3D-MOT磁场,或二维梯度磁场,如采用四个矩形通电线圈或者四极型的永磁铁构成的2D+-MOT磁场 Optionally, the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generator 191 can be a three-dimensional gradient magnetic field, such as a 3D-MOT magnetic field formed by an inverse Helmholtz coil, or a two-dimensional gradient magnetic field, such as four rectangular energized coils or a quadrupole type 2D+-MOT magnetic field composed of permanent magnets .

可选地,第二磁场发生部191可以放置于第二真空腔121内或第二真空腔121外。Optionally, the second magnetic field generator 191 may be placed inside or outside the second vacuum chamber 121 .

优选地,θ为10-30°,从而避免从小孔中射出的原子束在偏转后束腰过大,同时简化了加工和光路布置。Preferably, θ is 10-30°, so as to prevent the beam waist of the atomic beam emitted from the small hole from being too large after deflection, and simplify the processing and optical path arrangement at the same time.

在本实施例中,三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置还包括真空泵210,第二真空外壳120连接有真空泵210。In this embodiment, the apparatus for preparing a three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam further includes a vacuum pump 210 , and the second vacuum housing 120 is connected to the vacuum pump 210 .

在另一实施例中,第一真空外壳110连接有真空泵210,以使第一真空腔111与第二真空腔121内保持一定的真空度。In another embodiment, the first vacuum housing 110 is connected with a vacuum pump 210 to maintain a certain degree of vacuum in the first vacuum chamber 111 and the second vacuum chamber 121 .

在又一实施例中,第一真空外壳110连接真空泵210,第二真空外壳120连接真空泵210,以保持两真空腔较小的压差,从而能够在保证玻璃窗片180正常使用的前提下降低玻璃窗片180的厚度,以提高透光度。In yet another embodiment, the first vacuum housing 110 is connected to the vacuum pump 210, and the second vacuum housing 120 is connected to the vacuum pump 210, so as to maintain a small pressure difference between the two vacuum chambers, thereby reducing the pressure while ensuring the normal use of the glass pane 180. The thickness of the glass window 180 is to improve light transmittance.

在一实施例中,玻璃窗片180表面镀增透膜,以增强两个光学黏胶150发出的光的透过率,保证原子束沿第一方向XX’的冷却调节更为精确。In one embodiment, the surface of the glass window 180 is coated with an anti-reflection film to enhance the transmittance of the light emitted by the two optical adhesives 150, so as to ensure more precise cooling adjustment of the atomic beam along the first direction XX'.

所述第一真空外壳具有与所述两对对射二维冷却光源对应的至少一块第一透光玻璃,以使位于所述第一透光玻璃外侧的两对所述对射二维冷却光源分别能通过对应的所述第一透光玻璃分别向所述第一真空腔内发射二维冷却光;所述第二真空外壳具有与所述一对对射偏转光源对应的第二透光玻璃,以使位于所述第二透光玻璃外侧的一对所述对射偏转光源分别能通过对应的所述第一透光玻璃分别向所述第二真空腔内发射偏转光。The first vacuum enclosure has at least one piece of first light-transmitting glass corresponding to the two pairs of the two-dimensional cooling light sources, so that the two pairs of the two-dimensional cooling light sources located outside the first light-transmitting glass The two-dimensional cooling light can be respectively emitted into the first vacuum chamber through the corresponding first light-transmitting glass; so that the pair of opposite deflection light sources located outside the second transparent glass can respectively emit deflected light into the second vacuum cavity through the corresponding first transparent glass.

在一实施例中,第一真空外壳110具有与两对对射二维冷却光源140对应的第一透光玻璃112,以使位于第一透光玻璃112外侧的两对对射二维冷却光源140,通过对应的第一透光玻璃112分别沿第二方向YY’和第三方向ZZ’,向第一真空腔111内发射两对对射的二维冷却光。第二真空外壳120具有与一对对射偏转光源160对应的第二透光玻璃124,以使位于第二透光玻璃124外侧的一对对射偏转光源160,通过对应的第二透光玻璃124沿与第一方向夹角为90°-θ的方向,在第二真空腔121内产生一对对射的偏转光。因此可以将两对对射二维冷却光源140以及一对对射偏转光源160分别放置在第一真空壳体110与第二真空壳体120外部,对射二维冷却光可以通过第一透光玻璃112进入第一真空腔111,对射偏转光可以通过第二透光玻璃124进入第二真空腔121,进一步减小了三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置的体积,同时方便更换两对对射二维冷却光源140和一对对射偏转光源160。In one embodiment, the first vacuum enclosure 110 has a first light-transmitting glass 112 corresponding to the two pairs of through-beam two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 , so that the two pairs of through-beam two-dimensional cooling light sources located outside the first light-transmitting glass 112 140 , emit two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling lights into the first vacuum cavity 111 along the second direction YY′ and the third direction ZZ′ respectively through the corresponding first light-transmitting glass 112 . The second vacuum enclosure 120 has a second light-transmitting glass 124 corresponding to a pair of opposite-ray deflecting light sources 160, so that a pair of opposite-ray deflecting light sources 160 positioned outside the second light-transmitting glass 124 pass through the corresponding second light-transmitting glass. 124 generates a pair of opposite deflected lights in the second vacuum cavity 121 along a direction with an angle of 90°-θ with the first direction. Therefore, two pairs of through-beam two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 and a pair of through-beam deflection light sources 160 can be placed outside the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120 respectively, and the through-beam two-dimensional cooling light can pass through the first light-transmitting The glass 112 enters the first vacuum chamber 111, and the deflected light can enter the second vacuum chamber 121 through the second light-transmitting glass 124, which further reduces the volume of the preparation device for three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beams, and facilitates the replacement of two pairs of opposite beams. A two-dimensional cooling light source 140 and a pair of opposite beam deflecting light sources 160 .

在其中一个实施例中,第一透光玻璃112可以为一块圆筒状的玻璃,两对对射二维冷却光源140均设置于第一透光玻璃112的外侧,则两对对射二维冷却光源140产生的光束透过第一透光玻璃112射入第一真空腔111内,形成两对对射的二维冷却光。即在本实施例中,两对对射二维冷却光源140对应同一两对对射二维冷却光源140。In one of the embodiments, the first light-transmitting glass 112 can be a piece of cylindrical glass, and two pairs of opposite-beam two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 are arranged on the outside of the first light-transmitting glass 112, then the two pairs of opposite-beam two-dimensional cooling The light beam generated by the cooling light source 140 passes through the first light-transmitting glass 112 and enters the first vacuum chamber 111 to form two pairs of two-dimensional cooling light beams facing each other. That is, in this embodiment, the two pairs of through-beam two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 correspond to the same two pairs of through-beam two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 .

在另一实施例中,第一透光玻璃112为四块,与两对对射二维冷却光源140(即与四个二维冷却光源140)一一对应。其中两块第一透光玻璃112沿第二方向YY’相对设置并且均面向第一真空腔111的内部,另外两块第一透光玻璃112沿第三方向ZZ’相对设置并且均面向第一真空腔111的内部。其中一对二维冷却光源140中的两个光源140分别位于沿第二方向YY’相对设置的两块第一透光玻璃112的彼此背离的一侧。另外一对二维冷却光源140中的两个光源140分别位于沿第三方向ZZ’相对设置的两块第一透光玻璃112的彼此背离的一侧。以使位于第一真空外壳110外部的两对对射二维冷却光源140,透过各自对应的第一透光玻璃112在第一真空腔111内产生两对对射的二维冷却光。In another embodiment, there are four pieces of first light-transmitting glass 112 , corresponding to two pairs of opposite-beam two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 (ie, four pieces of two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 ). Among them, two pieces of first light-transmitting glass 112 are arranged oppositely along the second direction YY' and both face the inside of the first vacuum chamber 111, and the other two pieces of first light-transmitting glass 112 are arranged oppositely along the third direction ZZ' and both face the first vacuum chamber 111. Inside the vacuum chamber 111. The two light sources 140 of the pair of two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 are respectively located on the sides of the two pieces of first transparent glass 112 facing away from each other along the second direction YY'. Two light sources 140 of another pair of two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 are respectively located on sides away from each other of two pieces of first light-transmitting glass 112 disposed opposite to each other along the third direction ZZ'. The two pairs of opposite-beam two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 located outside the first vacuum enclosure 110 can pass through the respective first transparent glass 112 to generate two pairs of opposite-beam two-dimensional cooling light in the first vacuum chamber 111 .

在一实施例中,第一真空外壳110和第二真空外壳120彼此远离的一端分别具有第三透光玻璃153,其中一个光学黏胶,即第一光学黏胶151设置在第一真空外壳110远离第二真空外壳120一端的透光玻璃的外侧,另一光学黏胶,即第二光学黏胶152设置在第二真空外壳120远离第一真空外壳110一端的第三透光玻璃153的外侧。因此两个光学黏胶150产生的对射光可以通过第三透光玻璃153进入第一真空腔111与第二真空腔121,进一步减小了三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置的体积,同时方便更换两个光学黏胶150。In one embodiment, the ends of the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120 are respectively provided with third light-transmitting glass 153 , and one of the optical adhesives, that is, the first optical adhesive 151 is disposed on the first vacuum housing 110 On the outside of the light-transmitting glass away from the end of the second vacuum housing 120, another optical glue, that is, the second optical glue 152 is arranged on the outside of the third light-transmitting glass 153 at the end of the second vacuum housing 120 away from the first vacuum housing 110 . Therefore, the incident light generated by the two optical adhesives 150 can enter the first vacuum chamber 111 and the second vacuum chamber 121 through the third light-transmitting glass 153, further reducing the volume of the preparation device for three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beams, and at the same time, it is convenient to replace Two optical glue 150.

以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, should be considered as within the scope of this specification.

以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention should be based on the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1.一种三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置,其特征在于,所述三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置包括:1. A preparation device for a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam, characterized in that, the preparation device for the three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam comprises: 第一真空外壳,限定轴线方向沿第一方向的第一真空腔;a first vacuum housing defining a first vacuum chamber whose axis direction is along a first direction; 与所述第一真空外壳连接的第二真空外壳,所述第二真空外壳限定第二真空腔,所述第一真空腔沿第一方向的一端与所述第二真空腔连通,所述第二真空外壳上设有出射口;a second vacuum housing connected to the first vacuum housing, the second vacuum housing defines a second vacuum chamber, one end of the first vacuum chamber along the first direction communicates with the second vacuum chamber, and the first vacuum chamber communicates with the second vacuum chamber. 2. There is an exit port on the vacuum shell; 原子源,设置于所述第一真空外壳沿所述第一方向远离所述第二真空外壳的一端的侧面,所述原子源与所述第一真空腔连通;an atom source, disposed on the side of the first vacuum enclosure along the first direction away from one end of the second vacuum enclosure, the atom source is in communication with the first vacuum chamber; 两对对射二维冷却光源,两对所述对射二维冷却光源发射的光线分别沿第二方向和第三方向射向所述第一真空腔的中心,所述第二方向、所述第三方向、所述第一方向两两垂直;Two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources, the light emitted by the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources is directed toward the center of the first vacuum chamber along the second direction and the third direction respectively, the second direction, the The third direction and the first direction are perpendicular to each other; 两个光学黏胶,分别设置在所述第一真空外壳和所述第二真空外壳彼此远离的一端,以使两个所述光学黏胶产生的光束沿所述第一方向对射,两个所述光学黏胶分别具有多个频率;Two optical adhesives are respectively arranged at the ends of the first vacuum housing and the second vacuum housing away from each other, so that the light beams generated by the two optical adhesives face each other along the first direction, and the two optical adhesives The optical glue has multiple frequencies respectively; 一对对射偏转光源,所述对射偏转光源发射的光线射向所述第二真空腔的中心,且所述对射偏转光源发射的光线的方向与所述第一方向夹角为90°-θ,以使入射原子束偏转形成出射原子束后从所述出射口射出,90°>θ>0°;A pair of opposing deflecting light sources, the light emitted by the opposing deflecting light sources is directed towards the center of the second vacuum cavity, and the angle between the direction of the light emitted by the opposing deflecting light sources and the first direction is 90° -θ, so that the incident atomic beam is deflected to form an outgoing atomic beam and then emitted from the exit port, 90°>θ>0°; 玻璃窗片,所述玻璃窗片连接于所述第一真空外壳与所述第二真空外壳的连接处,所述玻璃窗片设有沿所述第一方向贯通的喷孔。A glass window, the glass window is connected to the junction of the first vacuum enclosure and the second vacuum enclosure, and the glass window is provided with a spray hole penetrating along the first direction. 2.根据权利要求1所述的三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置,其特征在于,所述三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置还包括第一磁场发生部,所述磁场发生装部用于使所述第一真空腔内产生沿第一方向延伸的磁场,以控制所述入射原子束的束腰。2. The preparation device of three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 1, characterized in that, the preparation device of said three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam also comprises a first magnetic field generating part, and said magnetic field generating device is used to make said three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam A magnetic field extending along a first direction is generated in the first vacuum cavity to control the beam waist of the incident atomic beam. 3.根据权利要求2所述的三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置,其特征在于,所述第一磁场发生部产生的磁场为梯度磁场。3 . The device for preparing a three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam according to claim 2 , wherein the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generator is a gradient magnetic field. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置,其特征在于,所述三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置还包括第二磁场发生部,所述磁场发生部用于使所述第二真空腔内产生沿所述出射原子束的出射方向延伸的磁场,以控制所述出射原子束的束腰。4. The preparation device of three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 1, characterized in that, the preparation device of said three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam also comprises a second magnetic field generating part, and said magnetic field generating part is used to make said A magnetic field extending along the outgoing direction of the outgoing atomic beam is generated in the second vacuum cavity to control the beam waist of the outgoing atomic beam. 5.根据权利要求4所述的三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置,其特征在于,第二磁场发生部产生的磁场为梯度磁场。5 . The device for preparing a three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam according to claim 4 , wherein the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generator is a gradient magnetic field. 6.根据权利要求1所述的三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置,其特征在于,θ为10-30°。6 . The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 1 , wherein θ is 10-30°. 7.根据权利要求1所述的三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置,其特征在于,还包括真空泵,所述第一真空外壳和/或所述第二真空外壳连接有所述真空泵。7 . The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 1 , further comprising a vacuum pump connected to the first vacuum housing and/or the second vacuum housing. 8 . 8.根据权利要求1所述的三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置,其特征在于,所述玻璃窗片表面镀增透膜,所述增透膜用于增强光学黏胶发出的光的透过率。8. The preparation device for three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beams according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the glass window is coated with an anti-reflection film, and the anti-reflection film is used to enhance the transmission of light emitted by the optical adhesive Rate. 9.根据权利要求1所述的三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置,其特征在于,所述第一真空外壳具有与所述两对对射二维冷却光源对应的至少一块第一透光玻璃,以使位于所述第一透光玻璃外侧的两对所述对射二维冷却光源分别能通过对应的所述第一透光玻璃分别向所述第一真空腔内发射二维冷却光;所述第二真空外壳具有与所述一对对射偏转光源对应的第二透光玻璃,以使位于所述第二透光玻璃外侧的一对所述对射偏转光源分别能通过对应的所述第一透光玻璃分别向所述第二真空腔内发射偏转光。9. The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 1, wherein the first vacuum enclosure has at least one piece of first light-transmitting glass corresponding to the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources, so that the two pairs of the opposite two-dimensional cooling light sources located outside the first transparent glass can respectively emit two-dimensional cooling light into the first vacuum cavity through the corresponding first transparent glass; The second vacuum enclosure has a second light-transmitting glass corresponding to the pair of opposite-ray deflecting light sources, so that the pair of opposite-ray deflecting light sources located outside the second light-transmitting glass can respectively pass through the corresponding The first light-transmitting glass emits deflected light into the second vacuum cavity respectively. 10.根据权利要求1所述的三维冷却连续原子束的制备装置,其特征在于,第一真空外壳和第二真空外壳彼此远离的一端分别具有第三透光玻璃,其中一个所述光学黏胶设置在第一真空外壳远离第二真空外壳一端的第三透光玻璃的外侧,另一所述光学黏胶设置在第二真空外壳远离第一真空外壳一端的第三透光玻璃的外侧。10. The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 1, wherein the ends of the first vacuum housing and the second vacuum housing are respectively provided with a third light-transmitting glass, and one of the optical adhesives The other optical adhesive is arranged on the outside of the third light-transmitting glass at the end of the second vacuum enclosure away from the first vacuum enclosure.
CN202211373544.3A 2022-11-04 2022-11-04 Preparation device for three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam Pending CN115767870A (en)

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