CN115767870A - Preparation device for three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam preparation device, which comprises: the device comprises a first vacuum shell, a second vacuum shell, an atom source, two pairs of correlation two-dimensional cooling light sources, two optical glues, a pair of correlation deflection light sources and a glass window sheet. The three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam preparation device uses the two optical adhesives with adjustable frequency to generate the opposite light in the direction of the incident atomic beam, and simultaneously connects the glass window sheet penetrating through the spray holes in the first direction to the joint of the two vacuum shells, so that the atomic beam has a small beam waist after entering the second vacuum cavity, the opposite light of the two optical adhesives in the two vacuum cavities is kept, and the outgoing atomic beam formed by the deflection of the incident atomic beam is emitted from the exit port by arranging the pair of opposite deflection light sources to generate the opposite deflection light in the second vacuum cavity, thereby achieving the effects of low fluorescence leakage, small volume, compact structure and simple light path.

Description

Preparation device for three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of quantum precision measurement based on cold atoms, in particular to a preparation device for three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beams.

Background

In the application field of atomic physics, the preparation of high-flux cold atomic beams is a large premise for developing basic research and application. The method has wide application, and relates to the fields of atomic clocks, atomic interferometers, ultra-precise atomic molecular spectroscopy, atomic lithography, bose-Einstein condensation state (BEC) experiments and the like.

At present, the preparation methods of the continuous cold atom beam mainly comprise two methods: one is based on a thermal atomic beam source, and then longitudinal deceleration and transverse cooling are carried out on the thermal atomic beam by laser in a mode of a Zeeman decelerator (Zeeman Slower) and the like; another method is based on the Magneto-Optical Trapping (MOT) technique, where atoms are cooled and trapped directly from a hot atom vapor and then pushed out continuously using an imbalance of Optical pressure. The method is further classified into a 3D-MOT type or a Low-Velocity intensity Source (LVIS), a 2D + -MOT type and a 2D-MOT type according to the applied magnetic field.

The realization of the cold atomic beams with three-dimensional cooling temperature close to or lower than the Doppler cooling limit is of great value for improving the subsequent detection sensitivity, for example, in an atomic interferometer, the interference fringe contrast can be effectively improved. In addition, the cold atom beam source based on MOT generally has the function of the ejection light in the exit direction of the atom beam, and the ejection light and the atom fluorescence entering the subsequent vacuum chamber can have adverse effects on the subsequent measurement. In an atomic clock, for example, the push-to-radiate light and the atomic fluorescence enter the microwave action region of the atomic clock to generate optical frequency shift, which deteriorates the performance of the atomic clock. As in atomic interferometers, the sensitivity and stability of the interferometric measurement can likewise be adversely affected by optical frequency shift effects.

In the prior art, the cold atom beam source based on MOT can only realize cooling when the atom beam transversely reaches or is lower than the Doppler cooling limit, and the velocity distribution is wider in the longitudinal direction of the atom beam and is far higher than the Doppler cooling limit, so that the preparation of the three-dimensional cold atom beam is difficult to realize. For this purpose, US20210243877A1 realizes a three-dimensionally cooled continuous cold atom beam using a double-cavity structure of 2D + -MOT and Moving optical viscose (MM). However, the device in the technical scheme has a complex system light path and a large volume.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on this, it is necessary to provide a device for preparing a three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam, aiming at the problems of a double-cavity structure of the continuous cold atomic beam which realizes three-dimensionally cooled by using 2D + -MOT and Moving optical viscose (MM), complex optical path of the system, and large volume.

A three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam preparation device comprises:

a first vacuum housing defining a first vacuum chamber having an axial direction along a first direction;

the second vacuum shell is connected with the first vacuum shell, the second vacuum shell limits a second vacuum cavity, one end of the first vacuum cavity along the first direction is communicated with the second vacuum cavity, and an emergent port is formed in the second vacuum shell;

the atom source is arranged on the side face of one end of the first vacuum housing far away from the second vacuum housing along the first direction, and the atom source is communicated with the first vacuum cavity;

two pairs of correlation two-dimensional cooling light sources, wherein light rays emitted by the two pairs of correlation two-dimensional cooling light sources are emitted to the center of the first vacuum cavity along a second direction and a third direction respectively, and the second direction, the third direction and the first direction are vertical to each other in pairs;

the two optical adhesives are respectively arranged at one ends, far away from each other, of the first vacuum shell and the second vacuum shell so as to enable light beams generated by the two optical adhesives to be oppositely emitted along the first direction, and the two optical adhesives respectively have a plurality of frequencies;

the light emitted by the correlation deflection light source emits to the center of the second vacuum cavity, and the included angle between the direction of the light emitted by the correlation deflection light source and the first direction is 90-theta, so that the incident atomic beam is deflected to form an emergent atomic beam and then emitted from the emergent port, and the angle is more than 90 degrees and more than theta is more than 0 degree;

the glass window sheet is connected to the joint of the first vacuum shell and the second vacuum shell, and the glass window sheet is provided with a spray hole which penetrates through the glass window sheet along the first direction.

In an embodiment, the apparatus for preparing the three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam further comprises a first magnetic field generating unit configured to generate a magnetic field extending in a first direction in the first vacuum chamber to control a beam waist of the incident atomic beam.

In one embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generating portion is a gradient magnetic field.

In an embodiment, the apparatus for preparing the three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam further includes a second magnetic field generating portion, and the magnetic field generating portion is configured to generate a magnetic field extending along an exit direction of the exit atomic beam in the second vacuum chamber to control a beam waist of the exit atomic beam.

In one embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generating portion is a gradient magnetic field.

In one embodiment, θ is 10-30.

In an embodiment, the vacuum pump is further included, and the vacuum pump is connected to the first vacuum housing and/or the second vacuum housing.

In one embodiment, the surface of the glass window sheet is coated with an antireflection film, and the antireflection film is used for enhancing the transmittance of light emitted by the optical adhesive.

In one embodiment, the first vacuum casing is provided with a first light-transmitting glass corresponding to the two pairs of opposite two-dimensional cooling light sources, the two pairs of opposite two-dimensional cooling light sources are positioned outside the first light-transmitting glass, and two pairs of opposite two-dimensional cooling light can be generated in the first vacuum cavity through the corresponding first light-transmitting glass along the second direction and the third direction respectively; the second vacuum shell is provided with second light-transmitting glass corresponding to the correlation deflection light source and a correlation deflection light source positioned outside the second light-transmitting glass, and correlation deflection light can be generated in the second vacuum cavity through the corresponding first light-transmitting glass along the direction with the included angle of 90 degrees-theta with the first direction.

In one embodiment, the ends of the first vacuum casing and the second vacuum casing far away from each other are respectively provided with a third light-transmitting glass, wherein one of the optical adhesives is arranged on the outer side of the third light-transmitting glass at the end of the first vacuum casing far away from the second vacuum casing, and the other optical adhesive is arranged on the outer side of the third light-transmitting glass at the end of the second vacuum casing far away from the first vacuum casing.

According to the three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam preparation device, the two optical glues capable of adjusting frequency are used for generating the opposite light in the direction of the incident atomic beam, the orifice glass window piece communicated in the first direction is connected to the joint of the first vacuum shell and the second vacuum shell, so that the atomic beam is ensured to have a small beam waist after entering the second vacuum cavity, the opposite light of the two optical glues in the first vacuum cavity and the second vacuum cavity is kept, and the outgoing atomic beam formed by the deflection of the incident atomic beam is emitted from the exit port by arranging the opposite deflection light source to generate the opposite deflection light in the second vacuum cavity, so that the effects of low fluorescence leakage, small volume, compact structure and simple light path are achieved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam manufacturing apparatus along a first direction and a second direction according to an embodiment.

Reference numerals:

110-a first vacuum enclosure; 111-a first vacuum chamber; 112-a first light-transmitting glass;

120-a second vacuum enclosure; 121-a second vacuum container; 122-exit port; 123-an exit flange; 124-second light-transmitting glass;

130-atom source;

140-a correlation two-dimensional cooling light source;

150-optical adhesive; 151-first optical glue; 152-a second optical adhesive; 153-third light-transmitting glass;

160-correlation deflection light source;

170-incident atomic beam; 171-emitting an atomic beam;

180-glazing panes; 181-spraying holes;

190-a first magnetic field generating portion; 191-a second magnetic field generating section;

210-a vacuum pump;

XX' -a first direction; YY' -second direction; ZZ' -third orientation.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, as those skilled in the art will recognize without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the second feature or the first and second features may be indirectly contacting each other through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional cooled atomic beam fabrication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention along a first direction XX 'and a second direction YY', the apparatus including: a first vacuum enclosure 110, a second vacuum enclosure 120, an atom source 130, two pairs of opposed two-dimensional cooling light sources 140, two optical glues 150, a pair of opposed deflection light sources 160, and a glazing pane 180.

The first vacuum casing 110 defines a first vacuum chamber 111 whose axial direction is along the first direction XX'. The second vacuum housing 120 is connected to the first vacuum housing 110, the second vacuum housing 120 defines a second vacuum chamber 121, one end of the first vacuum chamber 111 along the first direction XX' communicates with the second vacuum chamber 121, and the second vacuum housing 120 is provided with an exit port 122.

The atom source 130 is disposed at a side of an end of the first vacuum housing 110 away from the second vacuum housing 120 in the first direction XX', and the atom source 130 communicates with the first vacuum chamber 111.

The light emitted from the two pairs of opposed two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 is emitted to the center of the first vacuum chamber 111 along the second direction YY ', the third direction ZZ ', and the first direction XX ' respectively, which are perpendicular to each other. Two optical adhesives 150 respectively disposed at ends of the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120 far away from each other, so that light beams generated by the two optical adhesives 150 are oppositely emitted along a first direction XX', and the two optical adhesives 150 respectively have a plurality of frequencies. The light emitted from the coherent deflection light source 160 is emitted to the center of the second vacuum chamber 121, and the included angle between the direction of the light emitted from the coherent deflection light source 160 and the first direction XX' is 90 ° - θ, so that the incident atomic beam 170 is deflected to form an emergent atomic beam 171 and then emitted from the exit port 122, where 90 ° > θ > 0 °. The glass window 180 is connected to a connection portion of the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120, and the glass window 180 is provided with a nozzle hole 181 penetrating in the first direction XX'.

In use of the above-described apparatus for three-dimensionally cooling a continuous atomic beam, the first vacuum enclosure 110 defines a first vacuum chamber 111 having an axial direction along the first direction XX'. The second vacuum housing 120 is connected to the first vacuum housing 110, the second vacuum housing 120 defines a second vacuum chamber 121, and one end of the first vacuum chamber 111 in the first direction XX' communicates with the second vacuum chamber 112, ensuring that the atoms and the beam are in a vacuum environment, thereby ensuring controllability of the atoms and the beam in the vacuum chamber. The atom source 130 is disposed at a side of an end of the first vacuum housing 110 away from the second vacuum housing 120 along the first direction XX', and the atom source 130 communicates with the first vacuum chamber 111 to discharge atoms into the first vacuum chamber 111.

The two optical adhesives 150 are respectively disposed at one end of the first vacuum housing 110 and one end of the second vacuum housing 120, which are far away from each other, so that the light beams generated by the two optical adhesives 150 are oppositely emitted along the first direction XX', wherein the optical adhesive disposed on the first vacuum housing 110 is a first optical adhesive 151, and the optical adhesive disposed on the second vacuum housing 120 is a second optical adhesive 152. The light beam emitted by the first optical adhesive 151 along the first direction XX 'provides an urging force for the atoms to move along the first direction XX' toward the second vacuum enclosure 120, forming an initial atom beam.

The light emitted from the two pairs of oppositely aligned two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 is emitted to the center of the first vacuum chamber 111 along the second direction YY ' and the third direction ZZ ', and the second direction YY ', the third direction ZZ ', and the first direction XX ' are perpendicular to each other, so that the light emitted from the two pairs of oppositely aligned two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 is cooled along the second direction YY ' and the third direction ZZ ' of the initial atom beam to form a two-dimensional cooled atom beam. The glass window 180 is connected to the connection position of the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120, the glass window 180 is provided with a spray hole 181 penetrating along the first direction XX', and the two-dimensional cooling atom beam enters the second vacuum chamber 121 through the spray hole 181. Meanwhile, since the glazing unit 180 transmits light, the light beams emitted by the two optical adhesives 150 can be kept opposite. And because the two optical glues 150 respectively have a plurality of frequencies, during the process that the two-dimensional cooling atom beam moves along the first direction XX ' like the second vacuum enclosure 120, the two-dimensional cooling atom beam is continuously cooled along the first direction XX ' by the opposite light emitted by the two optical glues 150, so as to form a three-dimensional cooling atom beam, i.e. the incident atom beam 170, and meanwhile, the frequencies of the two optical glues 150 can be adjusted to control the cooling effect of the incident atom beam 170 along the first direction XX '.

The light emitted from the light source 160 is emitted to the center of the second vacuum chamber 121, and the included angle between the direction of the light emitted from the light source 160 and the first direction XX' is 90 ° - θ, so that the included angle between the direction of the outgoing atomic beam 171 formed by deflecting the incident atomic beam 170 and the axial direction of the first vacuum chamber 111 is θ, and the light is emitted from the exit port 122, thereby forming a three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam, and the exit angle is not light beam, therefore, the outgoing atomic beam 171 is prevented from being mixed with photons, thereby reducing fluorescence leakage and reducing the influence of fluorescence on the next stage action region.

In the three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam preparation device, because the two optical adhesives 150 with adjustable frequency are used for generating the opposite light in the direction of the incident atomic beam 170, and the glass window piece 180 penetrating through the spray hole 181 along the first direction XX 'is connected to the joint of the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120, the atomic beam is ensured to have a smaller beam waist after entering the second vacuum chamber 121, the opposite light of the two optical adhesives 150 in the first vacuum chamber 111 and the second vacuum chamber 121 is maintained, and the opposite deflection light source 160 is arranged for generating the opposite deflection light in the second vacuum chamber 121, so that the emergent atomic beam 171 formed by deflecting the incident atomic beam 170 is emitted from the emission port 122, and the effects of low fluorescence leakage, small volume, compact structure, adjustable first direction XX' of atomic beam cooling and simple optical path are achieved.

Preferably, the axis of the orifice 181 is the axis of the first vacuum chamber to allow the two-dimensional cooling atom beam to enter the second vacuum chamber 121 along the axis of the first vacuum chamber 111, while facilitating the calculation of the deflection direction of the emission deflection light source 160 and the selection of the position of the emission port 122.

Alternatively, the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120 may be machined from an aluminum alloy, stainless steel, titanium alloy, or glass material.

Preferably, the inner diameter of the nozzle hole 181 is between 0.5 and 2 mm.

Alternatively, the nozzle hole 181 is formed by ultrasonic or drilling by a drill.

Alternatively, atom source 130 is a rubidium or cesium source of an alkali metal, and atom source 130 forms a vapor of atoms by heating the atoms into first vacuum chamber 111.

In one embodiment, the two vacuum housings are connected by a vacuum flange, thereby ensuring the vacuum degree of the two vacuum chambers.

In one embodiment, the orifice 181 is formed in the vacuum flange 180.

In one embodiment, the apparatus for preparing the three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam further comprises an atomic beam emitting flange 123, and the atomic beam emitting flange 123 is connected with the emitting port 122 so as to enable the emitted atomic beam 171 to enter the next-stage vacuum system.

In an embodiment, the apparatus for preparing a three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam further comprises a first magnetic field generating unit 190, which is configured to generate a magnetic field extending along the first direction XX' in the first vacuum chamber 111 to control the beam waist of the incident atomic beam 170 to trap the atomic beam.

In one embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generating unit 190 is a gradient magnetic field to gradually control the beam waist of the incident atom beam 170 to trap the atom beam.

In another embodiment, the magnetic induction of the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generating unit 190 is constant to control the beam waist of the incident atom beam 170 to trap the atom beam.

Alternatively, the first magnetic field generating part 190 may be generated by a permanent magnet or by an electrified coil.

Alternatively, the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generating unit 190 may be a three-dimensional gradient magnetic field, such as a 3D-MOT magnetic field formed by anti-helmholtz coils, or a two-dimensional gradient magnetic field, such as a 2D + -MOT magnetic field formed by four rectangular electrified coils or a four-pole permanent magnet.

Alternatively, the first magnetic field generating part 190 may be placed inside the first vacuum chamber 111 or outside the first vacuum chamber 111.

In one embodiment, the apparatus for preparing a three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam further includes a second magnetic field generator 191 configured to generate a magnetic field extending along the emission direction of the emitted atomic beam 171 in the first vacuum chamber 111 to control the beam waist of the emitted atomic beam 171 and trap the atomic beam.

In one embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generator 191 is a gradient magnetic field.

In another embodiment, the magnetic induction of the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generating portion 191 is constant.

Alternatively, the second magnetic field generating portion 191 may be generated by a permanent magnet or by an electrified coil.

Alternatively, the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generating portion 191 may be a three-dimensional gradient magnetic field, such as a 3D-MOT magnetic field formed by anti-Helmholtz coils, or a two-dimensional gradient magnetic field, such as a 2D + -MOT magnetic field formed by four rectangular electrified coils or a permanent magnet of a quadrupole type _。

Alternatively, the second magnetic field generating part 191 may be placed inside the second vacuum chamber 121 or outside the second vacuum chamber 121.

Preferably, θ is 10-30 °, so as to avoid the atom beam emitted from the aperture having an excessively large beam waist after deflection, while simplifying processing and optical path layout.

In this embodiment, the apparatus for preparing a three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam further includes a vacuum pump 210, and the vacuum pump 210 is connected to the second vacuum enclosure 120.

In another embodiment, a vacuum pump 210 is connected to the first vacuum housing 110 to maintain a certain vacuum degree in the first vacuum chamber 111 and the second vacuum chamber 121.

In yet another embodiment, the first vacuum enclosure 110 is coupled to a vacuum pump 210 and the second vacuum enclosure 120 is coupled to the vacuum pump 210 to maintain a small pressure differential between the two vacuum chambers, thereby reducing the thickness of the glazing pane 180 to increase the transmission of light while ensuring proper use of the glazing pane 180.

In one embodiment, the glass window 180 is coated with an anti-reflective coating to enhance the transmittance of the light emitted from the two optical adhesives 150, so as to ensure more precise cooling adjustment of the atomic beam along the first direction XX'.

The first vacuum shell is provided with at least one piece of first light-transmitting glass corresponding to the two pairs of opposite two-dimensional cooling light sources, so that the two pairs of opposite two-dimensional cooling light sources positioned on the outer sides of the first light-transmitting glass can respectively emit two-dimensional cooling light into the first vacuum cavity through the corresponding first light-transmitting glass; the second vacuum shell is provided with second transparent glass corresponding to the correlation deflection light sources, so that the correlation deflection light sources positioned on the outer side of the second transparent glass can respectively emit deflection light into the second vacuum cavity through the corresponding first transparent glass.

In one embodiment, the first vacuum housing 110 has a first transparent glass 112 corresponding to the two pairs of two-dimensional cooling light sources 140, such that the two pairs of two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 located outside the first transparent glass 112 emit two pairs of two-dimensional cooling light into the first vacuum chamber 111 through the corresponding first transparent glass 112 along the second direction YY 'and the third direction ZZ', respectively. The second vacuum envelope 120 has a second transparent glass 124 corresponding to a pair of the collimated light sources 160, such that the pair of the collimated light sources 160 located outside the second transparent glass 124 generate a pair of collimated light beams in the second vacuum chamber 121 through the corresponding second transparent glass 124 along a direction having an angle of 90 ° - θ to the first direction. Therefore, the two-dimensional opposed cooling light source 140 and the two-dimensional opposed deflection light source 160 can be respectively arranged outside the first vacuum casing 110 and the second vacuum casing 120, the two-dimensional opposed cooling light can enter the first vacuum cavity 111 through the first transparent glass 112, and the two-dimensional opposed deflection light can enter the second vacuum cavity 121 through the second transparent glass 124, so that the volume of the preparation device for three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beams is further reduced, and the two-dimensional opposed cooling light source 140 and the two-dimensional opposed deflection light source 160 can be conveniently replaced.

In one embodiment, the first transparent glass 112 may be a cylindrical glass, and the two pairs of two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 are disposed outside the first transparent glass 112, so that the light beams generated by the two pairs of two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 are emitted into the first vacuum chamber 111 through the first transparent glass 112 to form two pairs of two-dimensional cooling light. That is, in the present embodiment, two pairs of the corresponding two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 correspond to the same two pairs of the corresponding two-dimensional cooling light sources 140.

In another embodiment, the first transparent glass 112 is four pieces, corresponding to two pairs of two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 (i.e. four two-dimensional cooling light sources 140) one by one. Two of the first light-transmitting glasses 112 are disposed opposite to each other along the second direction YY 'and both face the inside of the first vacuum chamber 111, and the other two first light-transmitting glasses 112 are disposed opposite to each other along the third direction ZZ' and both face the inside of the first vacuum chamber 111. Two light sources 140 of the pair of two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 are respectively located on sides of the two pieces of first light-transmitting glass 112 that are oppositely disposed along the second direction YY' and that face away from each other. Two light sources 140 of the other pair of two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 are respectively located on the sides facing away from each other of the two first light-transmitting glasses 112 oppositely disposed along the third direction ZZ'. So that two pairs of opposed two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 located outside the first vacuum casing 110 generate two pairs of opposed two-dimensional cooling light in the first vacuum chamber 111 through the respective corresponding first transparent glass 112.

In one embodiment, the ends of the first vacuum enclosure 110 and the second vacuum enclosure 120 away from each other are respectively provided with a third transparent glass 153, wherein one optical adhesive, i.e. a first optical adhesive 151, is disposed on the outer side of the transparent glass at the end of the first vacuum enclosure 110 away from the second vacuum enclosure 120, and the other optical adhesive, i.e. a second optical adhesive 152, is disposed on the outer side of the third transparent glass 153 at the end of the second vacuum enclosure 120 away from the first vacuum enclosure 110. Therefore, the opposite light generated by the two optical adhesives 150 can enter the first vacuum chamber 111 and the second vacuum chamber 121 through the third transparent glass 153, the volume of the preparation device for three-dimensionally cooling the continuous atomic beam is further reduced, and the two optical adhesives 150 can be conveniently replaced.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam production apparatus, comprising:

a first vacuum housing defining a first vacuum chamber having an axial direction along a first direction;

the second vacuum shell is connected with the first vacuum shell, the second vacuum shell limits a second vacuum cavity, one end of the first vacuum cavity along the first direction is communicated with the second vacuum cavity, and an exit port is formed in the second vacuum shell;

the atom source is arranged on the side surface of one end of the first vacuum shell far away from the second vacuum shell along the first direction, and is communicated with the first vacuum cavity;

two pairs of correlation two-dimensional cooling light sources, wherein light rays emitted by the two pairs of correlation two-dimensional cooling light sources are emitted to the center of the first vacuum cavity along a second direction and a third direction respectively, and the second direction, the third direction and the first direction are vertical to each other in pairs;

the two optical adhesives are respectively arranged at one ends, far away from each other, of the first vacuum shell and the second vacuum shell so as to enable light beams generated by the two optical adhesives to be oppositely emitted along the first direction, and the two optical adhesives respectively have a plurality of frequencies;

the light emitted by the correlation deflection light source is emitted to the center of the second vacuum cavity, and the included angle between the direction of the light emitted by the correlation deflection light source and the first direction is 90-theta, so that the incident atomic beam is deflected to form an emergent atomic beam and then is emitted from the emergent port, and the angle is more than 90 degrees and more than 0 degree;

the glass window sheet is connected to the joint of the first vacuum shell and the second vacuum shell, and the glass window sheet is provided with a spray hole which penetrates through the glass window sheet along the first direction.

2. The apparatus for producing a three-dimensional cooled continuous atom beam according to claim 1, further comprising a first magnetic field generating unit configured to generate a magnetic field extending in a first direction in the first vacuum chamber to control a beam waist of the incident atom beam.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generator is a gradient magnetic field.

4. The apparatus for producing a three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam according to claim 1, further comprising a second magnetic field generating unit configured to generate a magnetic field extending in an exit direction of the exiting atomic beam in the second vacuum chamber so as to control a beam waist of the exiting atomic beam.

5. The apparatus for producing a three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam as defined in claim 4, wherein the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generating unit is a gradient magnetic field.

6. The apparatus for producing a three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam according to claim 1, wherein θ is 10 to 30 °.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a vacuum pump connected to the first vacuum enclosure and/or the second vacuum enclosure.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an anti-reflection film is coated on the surface of the glass window piece, and the anti-reflection film is used for enhancing the transmittance of light emitted by the optical adhesive.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first vacuum enclosure has at least one first transparent glass corresponding to the two pairs of opposed two-dimensional cooling light sources, so that the two pairs of opposed two-dimensional cooling light sources located outside the first transparent glass can respectively emit two-dimensional cooling light into the first vacuum chamber through the corresponding first transparent glass; the second vacuum shell is provided with second transparent glass corresponding to the correlation deflection light sources, so that the correlation deflection light sources positioned on the outer side of the second transparent glass can respectively emit deflection light into the second vacuum cavity through the corresponding first transparent glass.

10. The apparatus for preparing the three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first vacuum enclosure and the second vacuum enclosure are provided with a third transparent glass at ends far away from each other, and one of the optical adhesives is disposed on the outer side of the third transparent glass at the end of the first vacuum enclosure far away from the second vacuum enclosure, and the other optical adhesive is disposed on the outer side of the third transparent glass at the end of the second vacuum enclosure far away from the first vacuum enclosure.

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