CN112885496A - Compact two-dimensional magneto-optical trap device - Google Patents
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- CN112885496A CN112885496A CN202110287463.0A CN202110287463A CN112885496A CN 112885496 A CN112885496 A CN 112885496A CN 202110287463 A CN202110287463 A CN 202110287463A CN 112885496 A CN112885496 A CN 112885496A
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- DCRGHMJXEBSRQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[1-(cyclooctylmethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-4-yl]-3-ethyl-2-benzimidazolone Chemical compound O=C1N(CC)C2=CC=CC=C2N1C(CC1)=C(CO)CN1CC1CCCCCCC1 DCRGHMJXEBSRQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000960 laser cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
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- WBWJXRJARNTNBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Cr].[Co] Chemical compound [Fe].[Cr].[Co] WBWJXRJARNTNBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/006—Manipulation of neutral particles by using radiation pressure, e.g. optical levitation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/08—Deviation, concentration or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means
- G21K1/093—Deviation, concentration or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means by magnetic means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compact two-dimensional magneto-optical trap device, which comprises a main glass cavity, wherein the main glass cavity is a cylinder with a pentagonal cross section, five side surfaces of the main glass cavity are a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface, a fourth side surface and a fifth side surface in sequence, a transmission window sheet is arranged on the first side surface, a second reflection window sheet is arranged on the second side surface, a first reflection window sheet is arranged on the fourth side surface, and a third reflection window sheet is arranged on the fifth side surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atom sensing, in particular to a compact two-dimensional magneto-optical trap device.
Background
The atomic laser cooling technology is widely applied to the atomic sensing fields of atomic interferometers, atomic clocks, atomic magnetometers and the like. Shot noise in atomic sensors is limited primarily by the number of atoms. To reduce shot noise, atomic sensors need to increase the number of atoms in the measurement. To increase the number of atoms in laser cooling, a low-speed, high-flux atomic beam needs to be prepared to increase the trapping efficiency of the magneto-optical trap. The preparation of low-speed high-flux atoms is generally realized by adopting a Zeeman cooling technology or a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap technology. Loftus et al invented an integrated Zeeman cooling device (Permanent magnet axial field Zeeman slow, US 8,710,428B 1, 2014) using Permanent magnet technology. The zeeman cooling technology has the advantages of compact volume, large atom flux and the like, but the technology can only cool the atom speed in the longitudinal direction, and the later loading efficiency into the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap can be influenced. Compared with the Zeeman cooling technology, the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap can simultaneously cool the atomic speed in the transverse direction, and is more suitable for providing a low-speed high-flux atomic beam for the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap. The two-dimensional magneto-optical trap technology is widely applied to the technical field of atom sensing. To increase the atomic flux, j.r. kellogg et al uses an inclined cooling laser beam (a compact high-efficiency cooled beam source, vol 109, vol 61, 2012), which can save the push-loading light in the ordinary two-dimensional magneto-optical trap and realize a miniaturized two-dimensional magneto-optical trap. Nevertheless, there is room for improvement in two-dimensional magneto-optical traps in response to the need for compact devices in practical applications.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a miniaturized two-dimensional magneto-optical trap device aiming at the requirement of a compact two-dimensional magneto-optical trap in the prior art. The invention utilizes the pentahedral glass cavity, can simplify the structure of the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap, reduce the size and power consumption of the device and improve the stability. Compared with the prior two-dimensional magneto-optical trap scheme, the invention can realize the function of the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap by utilizing a single beam of light, greatly simplifies the system and can be applied to the fields of atom sensing technology, atomic clock and the like.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a compact two-dimensional magneto-optical trap device comprises a main glass cavity, wherein the main glass cavity is a cylinder with a pentagonal cross section, five side surfaces of the main glass cavity are a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface, a fourth side surface and a fifth side surface in sequence, a transmission window sheet is arranged on the first side surface, a second reflection window sheet is arranged on the second side surface, a first reflection window sheet is arranged on the fourth side surface, a third reflection window sheet is arranged on the fifth side surface,
the transverse cooling laser enters the main glass cavity through the transmission window sheet and is reflected by the first reflection window sheet to form a first reflection cooling laser, the first reflection cooling laser is incident into the second reflection window sheet and is reflected by the second reflection window sheet to form a second reflection cooling laser, the second reflection cooling laser is perpendicular to the transverse cooling laser, the second reflection cooling laser is incident into the third reflection window sheet through the quarter-wave plate and is reflected by the third reflection window sheet to form a third reflection cooling laser through the quarter-wave plate, the third reflection cooling laser is perpendicular to the transverse cooling laser, and the second reflection cooling laser and the third reflection cooling laser both pass through the two-dimensional magnetic light trap positioned in the main glass cavity.
As described above, the included angle between the first side surface and the second side surface is 90 °, the included angle between the second side surface and the third side surface is 112.5 °, the included angle between the third side surface and the fourth side surface is 112.5 °, the included angle between the fourth side surface and the fifth side surface is 112.5 °, the included angle between the fifth side surface and the first side surface is 112.5 °, and the transverse cooling laser is perpendicular to the first side surface.
The main glass chamber is arranged inside the magnetic shield as described above,
a first permanent magnet, a second permanent magnet, a third permanent magnet and a fourth permanent magnet are also arranged in the magnetic shield,
the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet, the third permanent magnet and the fourth permanent magnet are positioned at four top corners of a square,
the magnetization directions of the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet, the third permanent magnet and the fourth permanent magnet point to the center of the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap.
A compact two-dimensional magneto-optical trap device comprises a first beam splitter prism, a second beam splitter prism, a third beam splitter prism, a fourth beam splitter prism and a fifth beam splitter prism,
the main laser light source is divided into first reflection light and first transmission light through a first light splitting prism, the first transmission light is push-loading laser, the first reflection light is source cooling laser, the push-loading laser is axially transmitted along a main glass cavity after being reflected by a second light splitting prism, the light beam axis of the push-loading laser is overlapped with the axis of a two-dimensional magnetic light trap after being reflected by the second light splitting prism, the source cooling laser is divided into second reflection light and second transmission light after being incident on a third light splitting prism, the second reflection light is used as a first beam of transverse cooling laser, the second transmission light is divided into third reflection light and third transmission light after being incident on the fourth light splitting prism, the third reflection light is used as a second beam of transverse cooling laser, and the third transmission light is reflected by a fifth light splitting prism to form a third beam of transverse cooling laser.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a compact two-dimensional magneto-optical trap device, which can realize the two-dimensional laser cooling of atoms by using a single laser beam, and the laser is transmitted and reflected in a vacuum system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a glass chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field system of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the light splitting system of the present invention.
In the figure: 100: main glass chamber, 101: two-dimensional magneto-optical trap, 102: transverse cooling laser, 103: transmissive window, 104: first reflective window piece, 105: second reflective window, 106: third reflective window, 107: quarter wave plate, 100 a: first side, 100 b: second side, 100 c: third side, 100 d: fourth side, 100 e: a fourth side;
200: first permanent magnet, 201: second permanent magnet, 202: third permanent magnet, 203: fourth permanent magnet, 204: magnetic shielding;
300: first beam splitter prism, 301: second beam splitter prism, 302: third light splitting prism, 303: fourth light-splitting prism, 304: fifth beam splitter prism, 305: main laser light source, 306: push-on laser, 307: the source cools the laser.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practicing the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, it being understood that the examples described herein are for the purpose of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to be limiting.
A, a whole
A beam of laser is used for cooling laser and pushing laser respectively after light splitting, the cooling laser is reflected three times in a pentahedron glass cavity, two pairs of mutually perpendicular cooling lasers can be achieved, two pairs of permanent magnets are fixed on the outer side of the glass cavity to provide magnetic field gradients required by two-dimensional cooling, the whole system is fixed in a magnetic shield, and a compact and low-power-consumption two-dimensional magneto-optical trap device can be achieved.
The invention comprises a magnetic field system, a light splitting system and a glass cavity.
As shown in FIG. 1, the glass cavity includes a main glass cavity 100, a transverse cooling laser 102, a transmissive window 103, a first reflective window 104, a second reflective window 105, a third reflective window 106, and a quarter-wave plate 107.
As in fig. 2, the magnetic field system comprises a first permanent magnet 200; a second permanent magnet 201; a third permanent magnet 202; a fourth permanent magnet 203; a magnetic shield 204, a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap 101.
As shown in fig. 3, the spectroscopic system includes a first spectroscopic prism 300; a second beam splitter prism 301; a third beam splitter prism 302; a fourth light splitting prism 303; a fifth beam splitter prism 304; the total light source 305; a push-on laser 306; the transverse source cools the laser 307.
The position and connection relation is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the main glass cavity 100 is a cylinder with a pentagonal cross section, five side surfaces of the main glass cavity 100 are a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface, a fourth side surface and a fifth side surface in sequence, an included angle between the first side surface and the second side surface is 90 °, an included angle between the second side surface and the third side surface is 112.5 °, an included angle between the third side surface and the fourth side surface is 112.5 °, an included angle between the fourth side surface and the fifth side surface is 112.5 °, an included angle between the fifth side surface and the first side surface is 112.5 °, and the transverse cooling laser 102 is perpendicular to the first side surface.
A transmissive pane 103 is provided on a first side, a second reflective pane 105 is provided on a second side, a first reflective pane 104 is provided on a fourth side, a third reflective pane 106 is provided on a fifth side, the main glass chamber 100 is sealed by vacuum techniques, the interior of which is maintained in a vacuum environment, and a source of alkali metal is stored in the main glass chamber 100.
As shown in fig. 2, the magnetic shield 204 is a cylinder with a square cross section, or an octagon or a circle (without loss of generality, a square is selected in the embodiment), and the central axis of the magnetic shield 204 coincides with the axis of the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap 101. Four permanent magnets are fixed at four corners of the magnetic shield 204, wherein the magnetization direction of the first permanent magnet 200 points to the center of the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap, the magnetization direction of the second permanent magnet 201 points to the center of the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap, the magnetization direction of the third permanent magnet 202 points to the center of the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap, and the magnetization direction of the fourth permanent magnet 200 points to the center of the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap.
As shown in fig. 3, the main laser light source 305 is divided into first reflected light and first transmitted light by the first beam splitter 300, the first transmitted light is push laser light 306, and the first reflected light is source cooling laser light 307. The push-loading laser 306 is reflected by the second beam splitter prism 301 and then axially propagates along the main glass cavity 100, and the beam axis of the push-loading laser 306 reflected by the second beam splitter prism 301 coincides with the axis of the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap 101. The source cooling laser 307 is incident on the third beam splitter prism 302 and then divided into a second reflected beam and a second transmitted beam, the second reflected beam is used as the first beam of transversal cooling laser 102, the second transmitted beam is incident on the fourth beam splitter prism 303 and then divided into a third reflected beam and a third transmitted beam, the third reflected beam is used as the second beam of transversal cooling laser 102, and the third transmitted beam is reflected by the fifth beam splitter prism 304 to form the third beam of transversal cooling laser 102. Each transverse cooling laser 102 enters the main glass cavity 100 through the transmissive window 103, and two pairs of perpendicular transverse cooling lasers are formed under the action of the first reflective window 104, the second reflective window 105, and the third reflective window 106.
Two, functional unit
The functional components described below are standard components in general.
1. Main glass chamber 100
The main glass chamber 100 is a frame made of a material that can transmit laser light, such as fused silica, K9 glass, zero-expansion glass, glass ceramics, etc.
2. Alkali metal source
Atoms that can be used for laser cooling, such as rubidium, sodium, cesium, and the like.
3. First 104, second 105 and third 106 reflective louvers
The first reflective window piece 104, the second reflective window piece 105 and the third reflective window piece 106 are made of the same material as the main glass cavity 100, and the surfaces of the first reflective window piece, the second reflective window piece and the third reflective window piece are coated with high-reflection films.
3. Transmissive window sheet 103
The transmission window plate 103 is made of the same material as the main glass cavity 100, and the surface of the transmission window plate is coated with an antireflection film.
4. Quarter wave plate 107
The quarter-wave plate 107 is a glass device made of a birefringent crystal, and can realize adjustment of the polarization of laser light.
5. A first permanent magnet 200, a second permanent magnet 201, a third permanent magnet 202 and a fourth permanent magnet 203
The first permanent magnet 200, the second permanent magnet 201, the third permanent magnet 202 and the fourth permanent magnet 203 are permanent magnets made of permanent magnet materials such as alnico, iron-chromium-cobalt or permanent magnetic ferrite.
6. Magnetic shield 204
The magnetic shield 204 is a cover made of a high permeability material such as iron-aluminum alloy and permalloy.
7. A first beam splitter prism 300, a second beam splitter prism 301, a third beam splitter prism 302, a fourth beam splitter prism 303 and a fifth beam splitter prism 304
The first beam splitter 300, the second beam splitter 301, the third beam splitter 302, the fourth beam splitter 303, and the fifth beam splitter 304 are beam splitters made of materials such as K9 or fused silica, and may be beam splitters or combined devices of a wave plate and a polarization beam splitter.
Third, the working principle
The working principle of the present invention is explained in detail below.
The working principle of the invention is that the laser pair which can vertically propagate can be realized based on the pentahedron reflecting window sheet, so that the single-beam two-dimensional laser cooling can be realized in the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap.
As shown in fig. 1, the main glass cavity 100 is a cylinder with a pentagonal cross section, when transverse cooling laser 102 enters the main glass cavity 100 through the transmission window 103, the transverse cooling laser is reflected by the first reflection window 104 to form a first reflection cooling laser, the first reflection cooling laser is incident on the second reflection window 105, the first reflection cooling laser is reflected by the second reflection window 105 to form a second reflection cooling laser, the second reflection cooling laser is perpendicular to the transverse cooling laser 102, the second reflection cooling laser is incident on the third reflection window 106 through the quarter-wave plate 107, the second reflection cooling laser is reflected by the third reflection window 106 and then passes through the quarter-wave plate 107 to form a third reflection cooling laser, the third reflection cooling laser is perpendicular to the transverse cooling laser 102, and the second reflection cooling laser and the third reflection cooling laser both pass through the two-dimensional magnetic light trap 101 located in the main glass cavity 100.
As shown in fig. 2, the cross-sectional center position of the magnetic shield 204 coincides with the cross-sectional center of the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap 101, and four permanent magnets are fixed to four corners of the magnetic shield 204. The magnetization directions of the first permanent magnet 200, the second permanent magnet 201, the third permanent magnet 202, and the fourth permanent magnet 203 are along the diagonal direction of the magnetic shield 204 and match the polarization of the transversal cooling laser. The whole system is surrounded by a magnetic shield 204, which shields the influence of an external magnetic field on the two-dimensional cooling.
As shown in figure 3 of the drawings,
the main laser light source 305 is divided into first reflected light and first transmitted light by the first beam splitter prism 300, the first transmitted light is push laser light 306, and the first reflected light is source cooling laser light 307. The push-loading laser 306 is reflected by the second beam splitter prism 301 and then axially propagates along the main glass cavity 100, and the beam axis of the push-loading laser 306 reflected by the second beam splitter prism 301 coincides with the axis of the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap 101. The source cooling laser 307 is incident on the third beam splitter prism 302 and then divided into a second reflected beam and a second transmitted beam, the second reflected beam is used as the first beam of transversal cooling laser 102, the second transmitted beam is incident on the fourth beam splitter prism 303 and then divided into a third reflected beam and a third transmitted beam, the third reflected beam is used as the second beam of transversal cooling laser 102, and the third transmitted beam is reflected by the fifth beam splitter prism 304 to form the third beam of transversal cooling laser 102. To increase the probability of atom capture. Each transverse cooling laser 102 enters the main glass cavity 100 through the transmissive window 103, and two pairs of perpendicular transverse cooling lasers are formed under the action of the first reflective window 104, the second reflective window 105, and the third reflective window 106. The thrust laser 306 and the transverse cooling laser 102 are combined with the gradient magnetic fields provided by the first permanent magnet 200, the second permanent magnet 201, the third permanent magnet 202 and the third permanent magnet 203 to cool the atoms two-dimensionally to form low-speed high-flux atom beam current.
Laser cooling of atoms in an atom interferometer, the vacuum technique, is a common technique that is not discussed in detail in this patent.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A compact two-dimensional magneto-optical trap device comprises a main glass cavity (100), and is characterized in that the main glass cavity (100) is a cylinder with a pentagonal cross section, five side surfaces of the main glass cavity (100) are a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface, a fourth side surface and a fifth side surface in sequence, a transmission window sheet (103) is arranged on the first side surface, a second reflection window sheet (105) is arranged on the second side surface, a first reflection window sheet (104) is arranged on the fourth side surface, a third reflection window sheet (106) is arranged on the fifth side surface,
transverse cooling laser (102) enters a main glass cavity (100) through a transmission window sheet (103), and is reflected by a first reflection window sheet (104) to form first reflection cooling laser, the first reflection cooling laser enters a second reflection window sheet (105), and is reflected by the second reflection window sheet (105) to form second reflection cooling laser, the second reflection cooling laser is perpendicular to the transverse cooling laser (102), the second reflection cooling laser enters a third reflection window sheet (106) through a quarter-wave plate (107), and is reflected by the third reflection window sheet (106) and then passes through the quarter-wave plate (107) to form third reflection cooling laser, the third reflection cooling laser is perpendicular to the transverse cooling laser (102), and the second reflection cooling laser and the third reflection cooling laser both pass through a two-dimensional magnetic light trap (101) located in the main glass cavity (100).
2. A compact two-dimensional magneto-optical trap device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the angle between the first and second sides is 90 °, the angle between the second and third sides is 112.5 °, the angle between the third and fourth sides is 112.5 °, the angle between the fourth and fifth sides is 112.5 °, the angle between the fifth and first sides is 112.5 °, and the transverse cooling laser (102) is perpendicular to the first side.
3. A compact two-dimensional magneto-optical trap device according to claim 1 wherein the main glass chamber (100) is arranged within a magnetic shield (204),
a first permanent magnet (200), a second permanent magnet (201), a third permanent magnet (202) and a fourth permanent magnet (203) are also arranged in the magnetic shield (204),
the first permanent magnet (200), the second permanent magnet (201), the third permanent magnet (202) and the fourth permanent magnet (203) are positioned at four top corners of a square,
the magnetization directions of the first permanent magnet (200), the second permanent magnet (201), the third permanent magnet (202) and the fourth permanent magnet (203) point to the center of the two-dimensional magneto-optical trap.
4. A compact two-dimensional magneto-optical trap device as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a first splitting prism (300), a second splitting prism (301), a third splitting prism (302), a fourth splitting prism (303) and a fifth splitting prism (304),
the main laser light source (305) is divided into first reflection light and first transmission light through a first light splitting prism (300), the first transmission light is push-loading laser (306), the first reflection light is source cooling laser (307), the push-loading laser (306) is reflected by a second light splitting prism (301) and then axially propagates along the main glass cavity (100), the beam axis of the push-loading laser (306) after being reflected by the second light splitting prism (301) is overlapped with the axis of a two-dimensional magnetic light trap (101), the source cooling laser (307) is divided into second reflection light and second transmission light after being incident on a third light splitting prism (302), the second reflection light is used as a first beam of transverse cooling laser (102), the second transmission light is divided into third reflection light and third transmission light after being incident on a fourth light splitting prism (303), the third reflection light is used as a second beam of transverse cooling laser (102), and the third transmission light is reflected by a fifth light splitting prism (304) to form a third beam of transverse cooling laser (102).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114005571A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-02-01 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Quasi-one-dimensional cold atom source preparation device and method |
| CN114864127A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-05 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Glass vacuum cavity device for integrated two-dimensional laser cooling atoms |
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| CN108279441A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-07-13 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of vacuum structure being suitable for minimizing atomic interferometer |
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| CN214541601U (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-10-29 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Compact two-dimensional magneto-optical trap device |
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| CN114864127A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-05 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Glass vacuum cavity device for integrated two-dimensional laser cooling atoms |
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