CN1333622C - Cold atomic beam generating method and device - Google Patents
Cold atomic beam generating method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1333622C CN1333622C CNB2004100966032A CN200410096603A CN1333622C CN 1333622 C CN1333622 C CN 1333622C CN B2004100966032 A CNB2004100966032 A CN B2004100966032A CN 200410096603 A CN200410096603 A CN 200410096603A CN 1333622 C CN1333622 C CN 1333622C
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cold atom beam generating method and a device, the method comprises the steps of heating a thermal atom source in a vacuum chamber which is vacuumized, and forming a corresponding atom saturated vapor pressure atmosphere in the vacuum chamber; cooling the hot atoms by adopting a three-dimensional MOT (metal oxide semiconductor), cooling to below 200 mu k, and capturing to form a cold atom cloud; laser radiation pressure in the direction is unbalanced through a quarter-wave plate reflector with a small hole in the three-dimensional MOT, and cold atoms are emitted along the direction; in the outgoing direction of the cold atom beam, four straight wires which are opposite to each other in current direction and are arranged in a conical shape are arranged, so that the atoms are not expanded along the transverse direction and are emitted forwards under the action of a magnetic field when being emitted; continuous cold atomic beams with low emergent speed, high flux and very low transverse speed are obtained; meanwhile, laser beams perpendicular to the atomic beams are arranged in the emitting direction of the cold atomic beams and used for preparing the atomic beams in a state, and the cold atomic beams are emitted in a consistent state.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cold atomic beam generator, especially can provide good cold atomic beam producing method of monochromaticjty and generating means for atomic interferometer.
Technical background
The atomic beam that is used for atomic interferometer mainly contains two kinds of forms: hot atomic beam and cold atomic beam.The longitudinal velocity of the atomic beam that the hot atomic beam atomic interferometer adopts is big, and (longitudinal velocity is the movement velocity on the atomic beam direction of advance, usually＞200m/s), but at the requirement of atomic interferometer to good signal-to noise ratio and accuracy of detection, according to the Sagnac effect, (speed＜30m/s) can significantly improve the performance of atomic interferometer, therefore is necessary very much to develop continuous cold atomic beam to utilize cold atomic beam.Since the later stage seventies, people utilize the radiation pressure effect of light field to neutral atom, adopt laser that atom is cooled off (underspeeding), atom is reduced to per second number centimetre to tens of meters speed from the hundreds of rice of per second even the speed that goes up km, and and then atom caught.A lot of far-reaching reality and theoretical the application have been obtained through cooling off and catching the cold atom cloud cluster that obtains, as atomic frequency standard, atomic clock, intervening atom, Bose-Einstein condensation etc.
At present, the cold atom form that adopts in atomic interferometer mainly contains three kinds of methods:
(1) the optics viscose glue forms the cold atomic beam of atom fountain, as document 1:M.Kasevich, and S.Chu, Phys.Rev.Lett., 1991, put down in writing in 67:181-184).
(2) rightabout laser action hot atomic beam and cold atomic beam of slowing down and obtaining in Zeeman (Zeeman) coil, as document 2:W.D.Phillips, J.V.Prodan, H.J.Metcalf, J.Opt.Soc.Am.B, 1985,2 (11): 1751-1767; W.DeGraffenreid, J.Ramirez-Serran, Y.-M.Liu, J.Weiner, Rev.Sci.Instrum., 2000,71 (10): put down in writing 3668-3676).
(3) adopted two-dimentional magneto-optic trap (the magneto-optic trap is hereinafter to be referred as MOT) to cool off and the form of catching atom, thereby then with the direction of two-dimentional MOT quadrature on form a pair of unbalanced laser the cold atom cloud cluster of catching formed a cold atomic beam along propelling away on the uneven beam direction, as document 3:K.Dieckmann, R.J.C.Spreeuw, M.Weidemuller et al., Phys.Rev.A, 1998
58 (5): put down in writing 3891-3895).
For first kind of method that obtains cold atomic beam, the cold atomic beam longitudinal velocity that obtains (longitudinal velocity is the speed on the atomic beam direction of advance) is very low, and longitudinal velocity distributes also very narrow, has the good optical characteristic.But its optical system complexity of device correspondingly, operation skill requires high, and only is suitable for the intervening atom of (being on the vertical direction) on the gravity direction, and atom flux is also low; Owing to will use the Zeeman coil, it is bulky in the second method, and coil current is bigger, needs to adopt cooling water.Though the cold atomic beam flux that obtains is bigger, but the cold atomic beam lateral velocity that obtains is bigger, and intervening atom is brought bigger background noise.Adopted the quadripolar magnetic field of four current carrying conductor formation that atom is compressed among the two-dimentional MOT of the third method, but after atom goes out to penetrate two-dimentional MOT formation atomic beam, owing to lost the constraint of horizontal potential field, atomic beam transversely is easy to heating awing and expands, bring difficulty and greatly introduced background noise for the atom partial wave and the interference of follow-up intervening atom, effectively atom flux is also on the low side simultaneously.
Certainly, the existing cold atomic beam that adopts these three kinds of methods acquisitions also can be used for following field except can be used for atomic interferometer: load atom to MOT, research atomic collision, atom spectrum or the like.
Therefore, build atomic interferometer functional, compact conformation, need be from the optical characteristics of cold atomic beam, be longitudinal velocity and distribution and lateral velocity (lateral velocity promptly with the speed of longitudinal velocity direction quadrature) and distribute, the atomic beam flux, consider on the atomic beam source system configuration, and for effective partial wave of atomic beam with improve signal to noise ratio, the atom that need overcome in the atomic beam is in the not difficulty of homomorphism.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: overcome the following deficiency that existing method that obtains cold atomic beam and related device exist for the application of intervening atom:
(1) lateral velocity is bigger, and atom flux is on the low side;
(2) cold atomic beam of Huo Deing can not possess simultaneously that the atom longitudinal velocity is low, longitudinal velocity is divided the requirement narrow, that flux is bigger, is restricted so be applied to atomic interferometer;
(3) apparatus structure that produces cold atomic beam is handed over complexity, and volume is bigger;
(4) the residing inner energy state of atom is inconsistent in the cold atomic beam, is necessary to carry out attitude preparation and makes and be in same attitude;
Thereby provide a kind of and build that the optical characteristics that the high accuracy atomic interferometer uses is good, flux is big, attitude is consistent, the cold atomic beam generating means and the method for compact conformation, stable performance.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this;
The invention provides cold atomic beam producing method, may further comprise the steps:
1. at first vacuum chamber is evacuated to vacuum degree and is not less than 10
-7Pa;
2. heating is connected pyrogen component on the vacuum chamber by flange, forms atom vapor atmosphere in vacuum chamber, and Atomic Vapor is full of vacuum chamber 16, forms corresponding atom saturated vapor pressure atmosphere in vacuum chamber;
3. in the atom vapor atmosphere that step 2 forms, adopt three-dimensional MOT that hot atom is cooled off, be cooled to below the 200 μ k, and the formation cold atom cloud cluster that is hunted down;
4. utilize in the asymmetric three-dimensional magneto-optic trap provided by the invention and be mounted with out the quarter-wave plate speculum of aperture on the beam direction, and make and make cold atom along this direction outgoing by laser emission pressure imbalance on this direction; On the cold atomic beam exit direction, also be equipped with the straight lead of four tapered arrangements that are loaded with current opposite in direction, thereby will under the effect in magnetic field, can not penetrate forward during the atom outgoing along lateral expansion; Like this, just, obtained the continuous cold atomic beam that outgoing speed is low, that flux is bigger, lateral velocity is very little:
5. simultaneously, on the exit direction of cold atomic beam, be provided with the laser beam vertical, be used for the attitude preparation of atomic beam, realize the outgoing cold atomic beam of attitude unanimity with atomic beam.Here related laser beam is exported by same laser, obtains through beam split and after the acousto-optic modulator modulation then.
Cold atomic beam generation device provided by the invention comprises: vacuum chamber and be arranged on the outer and inner light path system of vacuum chamber; Wherein vacuum chamber 16 is provided with quartz window 14,17,18,19,21,22,23,26,27,30, quartz window 17 is relative with quartz window 22, quartz window 26 is relative with quartz window 30, and these two pairs of quartz windows are mutually orthogonal; Quartz window 19 is relative with quartz window 27, and with quartz window 18 quadratures; Quartz window 14,17,22,26,30 is used to form three-dimensional MOT, and quartz window 18 is used for the attitude preparation of atomic beam, comprises that also quartz window 21,23,19,27 is as observation window or function expansion window; Have 2 grooves on vacuum chamber 16 inwalls, be provided with fixing hoop 29 and 31 in the groove, the straight lead 12 of magnetic guidance is installed on vacuum chamber 16 inwalls by fixing hoop 29 and 31, and forms countersunk arrangement; One end of the straight lead 12 of taper magnetic guidance then links to each other with the power supply of outside by binding post 15 in vacuum chamber 16; In addition, quarter wave plate speculum 9 places on the quarter wave plate speculum fixing hoop 28 in the vacuum chamber 16.Anti-Hai Muhuoci coil 6 is enclosed within outside the vacuum chamber, and the center of this anti-Hai Muhuoci coil 6 is in vacuum chamber quartz window 17 with relative 22, on quartz window 26 and position that relative 30 quadrature centers that form overlap.
Described light path system comprises: the place ahead light path of first laser, 32 output light is provided with acousto-optic modulator 37, quarter wave plate 36 and beam-expanding collimation device 35 and a spectroscope 4, forms three beams of laser after beam split, and this three beams of laser is mutually orthogonal in the space; This three beams of laser bundle goes into to inject vacuum chamber 16 by quartz window 14, quartz window 17 and quartz window 26 respectively then, after wherein two bundle laser pass through quartz window 22 and 30 outgoing, after a vertical with it speculum 38, speculum 40 reflections, form two pairs of light beams respectively again; And other beam of laser, it is that a branch of non-equilibrium MOT laser beam 10 on the horizontal direction, go into to inject vacuum chamber 16 through quartz window 14 along the vacuum chamber axis, and on direction of advance, had quarter wave plate speculum 9 reflections of φ 1-2mm aperture by vertical with it center.Like this, formed six bundle orthogonal laser, its quadrature center overlaps with the quadrature center that quartz window 17,22,26,30 forms.In addition,, integrate with by a speculum among arbitrary Shu Jiguang of laser 32 generations, be used for the pumping laser again of MOT cooling of atoms by the bundle of pumping laser again 34 that second laser 33 sends.So, add the anti-Hai Muhuoci coil 6 that places vacuum chamber outer, formed a three-dimensional MOT jointly.In addition, be used for the laser beam 13 that sends from first laser of attitude preparation through quartz window incident.The light path system and the attitude that form three-dimensional MOT of the present invention prepare laser beam, and except laser beam 34, all light beams provide by laser 32.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, also be included on the vacuum chamber wall by the quartz window 21,23,19,27 of flange setting as observation window or function expansion window, wherein quartz window 17 is relative with 22, and quartz window 26 is relative with 30, and this two couple is mutually orthogonal.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, in order to improve beam frequencies, polarization properties and optical quality, be provided with acousto-optic modulator 37, quarter wave plate 36 and beam-expanding collimation device 35 before also being included in spectroscope 4, and in order to change the direction of propagation of light behind spectroscope 4, propagate be provided with as required on the light path speculum 3,3 at 45 with laser beam ', 3 '.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, opened on the described quarter-wave plate speculum small aperture be: φ 1-2mm.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described clip 29,31 and 28 is made by pottery, clip 29 and 31 diameter are adjustable, one of the straight lead 12 of magnetic guidance is installed in clip 29, the other end is installed on the clip 31, and the countersunk arrangement of the straight lead 12 of small one and large one formation magnetic guidance of the diameter of clip 29 and clip 31.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, the straight lead 12 of described magnetic guidance is at least 4.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, the equal selection standard flange of described flange.
In the atom vapor chamber of the generating means of cold atomic beam provided by the invention, by an asymmetric three-dimensional MOT, atom is cooled off and the formation cold atom cloud cluster that is hunted down, the atom cloud cluster is placed the quarter-wave plate speculum that has aperture (φ 1-2mm) on certain a pair of beam direction of this three-dimensional MOT, because the existence of aperture makes the laser emission pressure imbalance to atom on this direction, thereby the atom cloud cluster of catching is propelled out the formation cold atomic beam.Cold atomic beam is in the outgoing process, with the direction of aperture coaxial line on be equipped with four tapered arrangements straight lead the outgoing atomic beam is carried out the transverse compression guiding, and final cold atomic beam of outgoing being come with the laser with particular frequencies carries out the attitude preparation, thereby can obtain the good continuous cold atomic beam of optical characteristics.The key technical indexes that cold atom electron gun of the present invention can reach is as follows: atom longitudinal velocity＜30m/s, longitudinal velocity distribution＜5m/s, lateral velocity＜10cm/s, atomic beam flux＞10
8/ s the order of magnitude, the vacuum degree of whole cold atomic beam origin system is not less than 10
-7Pa.This cold atomic beam optical characteristics is good, has very strong coherence, can be advantageously applied to numerous areas such as atomic interferometer, atomic clock and atomic frequency standard.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, use that device of the present invention can obtain that speed is low, optical characteristics is good, flux is big, the uniformly continuous cold atomic beam of attitude, this atomic beam can not only well be applied to atomic interferometer, also can obtain practical application in atom optics research.This cold atomic beam generating means is rational in infrastructure, compact, stable and reliable for performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of cold atomic beam generating means of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of cold atomic beam generating means of the present invention
Fig. 3 (a) is the front view of the vacuum chamber of cold atomic beam generating means of the present invention
Fig. 3 (b) is the vertical view of the vacuum chamber of cold atomic beam generating means of the present invention
The drawing explanation:
1, pyrogen component; 2, Atomic Vapor; 3,3,3 ', 3 ' ', speculum;
4, spectroscope; 5, MOT laser beam; 6, anti-Hai Muhuoci coil;
7, aperture; 8, cold atomic beam; 9, quarter wave plate is opposed mirror;
10, non-equilibrium MOT laser beam; 11, cold atom cloud cluster; 12, the straight lead of magnetic guidance;
13, attitude prepares laser beam; 14, quartz window; 15, binding post;
16, vacuum chamber; 17, quartz window; 18, quartz window;
19, quartz window; 20, vacuum ionic pump interface; 21, quartz window;
22, quartz window; 23, quartz window; 24, hot Rb atomic source interface;
25, vacuum molecule pump interface; 26, quartz window; 27, quartz window;
28, quarter wave plate speculum fixing hoop; 29, the straight lead fixed clip of taper magnetic guidance;
30, quartz window; 31, the straight lead fixed clip of taper magnetic guidance;
32, first laser; 33, second laser; 34, laser beam;
35, beam-expanding collimation device; 36, quarter wave plate; 37, acousto-optic modulator 37;
38, speculum; 40, speculum;
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Further describe cold atomic beam generating means of the present invention and method below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
With reference to figure 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b), make a cold atomic beam generation device, comprising: vacuum chamber and light path system.
Be welded with the flange that has encapsulated quartz window 14,17,18,19,21,22,23,26,27,30 on the vacuum chamber 16 that adopts stainless steel material to make, wherein quartz window 17 is relative with 22, quartz window 26 is relative with 30, and these two pairs of quartz windows are orthogonally set on vacuum chamber 16 walls; Quartz window 19 is relative with 27, and with quartz window 18 quadratures.In vacuum chamber 16, have groove from left side 70mm, 305mm and 320mm position, the clip 29,31 and 28 that one pottery is made is installed in each groove, clip 29 and 31 diameter are adjustable, one of the straight lead 12 of magnetic guidance is installed in clip 29, the other end is installed on the clip 31, and the countersunk arrangement of the straight lead 12 of small one and large one formation magnetic guidance of the diameter of clip 29 and clip 31; The quarter wave plate speculum 9 that has the aperture and be a φ 1-2mm aperture is placed on the clip 28 that pottery makes.The straight lead 12 of magnetic guidance adopts common vacuum electric conducting material to make.One end of the straight lead 12 of magnetic guidance then links to each other with the power supply of outside by binding post 15 in vacuum chamber.Adopt the anti-Hai Muhuoci coil 6 of a routine to be enclosed within outside the vacuum chamber, the center of this anti-Hai Muhuoci coil 6, overlaps with quartz window 26 and relative 30 quadrature centers that form with relative 22 with quartz window 17.All flanges in the device are all selected CF25 or CF35 standard flange for use.The quartz window 19,21,23 and 27 that is welded on the vacuum chamber is watch window or function expansion window.
With reference to Fig. 1 and 2, and in conjunction with Fig. 3 (a), 3 (b), the light path system of cold atomic beam generation device is achieved as follows: the light path system and the attitude that form three-dimensional MOT of the present invention prepare laser beam, except laser beam 34, all light beams provide by first laser 32, and it is the semiconductor laser of 400mW that this first laser 32 adopts power.The light path of three-dimensional MOT system is as follows: on the place ahead light path of laser 32 output light a spectroscope 4 is set, forms three beams of laser after beam split, this three beams of laser is mutually orthogonal in the space.Every Shu Jiguang the place ahead be provided with as required with the speculum 3,3 of laser beam angled (as 30 °, 45 °, 60 ° or the like, to change the laser beam direction of propagation) ', 3 ' to change the direction of propagation.Then will be before 4 beam split of this three beams of laser Shu Zaijing spectroscope at first by behind acousto-optic modulator 37, quarter wave plate 36 and beam-expanding collimation device 35, going into to inject vacuum chamber by quartz window 14,17 and 26, wherein two bundles are by after quartz window 22 and 30 outgoing, reflect along exit direction through vertical with it speculum 38,40 again; And a branch of in addition, promptly a branch of non-equilibrium MOT laser beam 10 of that on the horizontal direction goes into to inject vacuum chamber through quartz window 14 along the vacuum chamber axis, and is reflected by vertical with it quarter wave plate speculum 9 on direction of advance.Like this, formed six bundle orthogonal laser, its quadrature center overlaps with the quadrature center that quartz window 17,22,26,30 forms.In addition, integrate with in the beam of laser of laser 32 generations, be used for the pumping laser again of MOT cooling of atoms by the bundle of pumping laser again 34 that second small-power semiconductor laser 33 (power is 100mW) sends.So, add the anti-Hai Muhuoci coil 6 that places vacuum chamber outer, form a three-dimensional MOT jointly.In addition, the laser beam that is used for the attitude preparation is sent by first laser equally, and the laser beam of being exported 13 is through quartz window 18 incidents.
Embodiment 2:
Be rubidium (Rb) atom on the device of embodiment 1 with the pyrogen component below, further describe the method that cold atomic beam of the present invention produces.
With reference to figure 1, the hot Rb atom vapor 2 that is produced by hot Rb atomic source 1 at first is full of vacuum chamber 16, forms the saturated vapor pressure atmosphere of Rb atom in vacuum chamber.Carry out on the device of an embodiment 1 then, the atom under the effect of the three-dimensional MOT of embodiment 1 in the hot Rb atom atmosphere is cooled and is hunted down and forms cold atom cloud cluster 11.This three-dimensional MOT adopts following manner to form: the laser beam that is sent by laser forms the laser beam three beams quadrature, that watt level equates respectively after spectroscope 4 beam split; Wherein beam of laser converts circularly polarized laser bundle 5 to through quarter wave plate, if this laser beam is σ
+, then at a pair of laser that forms three-dimensional MOT on the direction of advance again behind quarter wave plate and speculum with laser beam 5, another is to identical therewith; In the three pairs of three-dimensional MOT laser beams on the horizontal direction is non-equilibrium laser beam 10, thereby this laser beam obtains by have aperture 7 on the quarter wave plate speculum.Like this, the mutually orthogonal laser beam of this three couple forms a three-dimensional MOT of the present invention with the bundle of pumping laser again of integrating with certain bundle laser beam and anti-Hai Muhuoci coil 6.Because the effect of non-equilibrium laser beam 10 makes cold atom cloud cluster 11 be subjected to the effect of uneven light field radiation pressure, and the part of atoms along continuous straight runs of cold atom cloud cluster is propelled away from aperture 7, forms a cold atomic beam 8.
Further specify the enforcement principle of cold atomic beam producing method below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.As Fig. 2, in the cold atomic beam of formation this segment distance in the process of advancing, the quadripolar magnetic field that adopts the straight lead 12 of taper magnetic guidance to form carries out transverse compression and guiding to atomic beam.After the magnetic compression guiding,, prepare the attitude preparation of finishing cold atomic beam after laser beam 13 acts on through the attitude vertical again with cold atomic beam from the cold atomic beam of aperture 7 outgoing.So, just obtained low longitudinal velocity (here for along continuous straight runs) and longitudinal velocity distribution, very little lateral velocity, flux greatly, continuous cold atomic beam that attitude is consistent.With the Rb atom is example, and the cold atomic beam index that certain experiment obtains is as follows: longitudinal velocity is 24.5m/s, and longitudinal velocity is distributed as 5.5m/s, and lateral velocity is 8cm/s, and the atomic beam flux is 1.01 * 10
9/ s is in 5 in the atomic beam
2S
1/2(F=1) atom of attitude accounts for 93%.
Claims (8)
1. cold atomic beam generation device comprises: vacuum chamber and be arranged in the vacuum chamber and outer, by laser, spectroscope, the light path system that speculum and quarter wave plate speculum are formed; Wherein vacuum chamber (16) is provided with quartz window (14), (17), (18), (19), (21), (22), (23), (26), (27), (30), quartz window (17) is relative with quartz window (22), quartz window (26) is relative with quartz window (30), and these two pairs of quartz windows are mutually orthogonal; Quartz window (19) is relative with quartz window (27), and with quartz window (18) quadrature; It is characterized in that: have 2 grooves on vacuum chamber (16) inwall, be provided with fixing hoop (29) and fixing hoop (31) in the groove, the straight lead of magnetic guidance (12) is installed on vacuum chamber (16) inwall by fixing hoop (29) and fixing hoop (31), and forms countersunk arrangement; Wherein an end of the straight lead of magnetic guidance (12) is by the binding post on the vacuum-chamber wall (15), passes with the power supply of outside from vacuum chamber (16) to link to each other; In addition, quarter wave plate speculum (9) places on the interior fixing hoop (28) of vacuum chamber (16); Anti-Hai Muhuoci coil (6) is enclosed within outside the vacuum chamber, the center of this anti-Hai Muhuoci coil (6) is in vacuum chamber quartz window (17) and relative quartz window (22), on position that quadrature center that quartz window (26) and relative quartz window (30) form overlaps;
Described light path system comprises: on the place ahead light path of first laser (32) output light an acousto-optic modulator (37), quarter wave plate (36) and beam-expanding collimation device (35) and spectroscope (4) are set, after beam split, form three beams of laser, this three beams of laser is mutually orthogonal in the space, on the light path of the every Shu Jiguang after the beam split, be provided with as required speculum (3), speculum (3 ') and speculum (3 "); This three beams of laser bundle goes into to inject vacuum chamber (16) by quartz window (14), quartz window (17) and quartz window (26) respectively after mirror reflects then, after wherein two bundle laser pass through quartz window (22) and (30) outgoing, again through a vertical with it speculum (38), speculum (40) reflection; Non-equilibrium MOT laser beam (10) on another bundle horizontal direction, go into to inject vacuum chamber (16) through quartz window (14) along the vacuum chamber axis, and the center that quilt is vertical with it on direction of advance has quarter wave plate speculum (9) reflection of φ 1-2mm aperture, so just, formed six bundle orthogonal laser, its quadrature center overlaps with the quadrature center that quartz window (17), quartz window (22), quartz window (26), quartz window (30) form; In addition, the bundle of pumping laser again (34) that second laser (33) sends is integrated with by a speculum among arbitrary Shu Jiguang of laser (32) generation, is used for the pumping laser again of MOT cooling of atoms; Simultaneously, also to draw attitude by first laser and prepare laser beam (13).
2. by the described cold atomic beam generation device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: also be included on the vacuum chamber wall by quartz window (21), quartz window (23), quartz window (19), the quartz window (27) of flange setting as observation window or function expansion window.
3. by the described cold atomic beam generation device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: (3 ") become 30 °, 45 ° or 60 ° with laser beam for the speculum that is provided with on the light path of described every Shu Jiguang after beam split (3), speculum (3 ') and speculum.
4. by the described cold atomic beam generation device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: opened on the described quarter wave plate speculum small aperture be: φ 1-2mm.
5. by the described cold atomic beam generation device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fixing hoop (29), fixing hoop (31) and fixing hoop (28) are made by pottery, the diameter of fixing hoop (29) and fixing hoop (31) is adjustable, one of the straight lead of magnetic guidance (12) is installed in fixing hoop (29), the other end is installed on the fixing hoop (31), and the countersunk arrangement of small one and large one formation straight lead of magnetic guidance (12) of the diameter of fixing hoop (29) and fixing hoop (31).
6. by the described cold atomic beam generation device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the straight lead of described magnetic guidance (12) is at least 4.
7. by the described cold atomic beam generation device of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the equal selection standard flange of described flange.
8. an application rights requires 1 described cold atomic beam generation device to carry out the method that cold atomic beam produces, and may further comprise the steps:
1) at first vacuum chamber is evacuated to vacuum degree and is not less than 10
-7Pa;
2) the indoor pyrogen component of heating, vacuum forms atom vapor atmosphere in vacuum chamber, form corresponding atom saturated vapor pressure atmosphere;
3) in step 2) in the atom vapor atmosphere that forms, adopt three-dimensional MOT that hot atom is cooled off, be cooled to below the 200 μ k, and be hunted down and form the cold atom cloud cluster;
4) utilize and be equipped with the quarter-wave plate speculum that has aperture among the three-dimensional MOT on the beam direction, and make that the laser emission pressure imbalance makes cold atom along this direction outgoing on this direction; On the cold atomic beam exit direction, also be equipped with the straight lead of magnetic guidance that is loaded with the reciprocal four tapered arrangements of the sense of current, will can not penetrate forward in the effect in magnetic field during the atom outgoing along lateral expansion; Just obtained the continuous cold atomic beam that outgoing speed is low, that flux is bigger, lateral velocity is very little;
5) simultaneously, on the exit direction of cold atomic beam, be provided with the laser beam of another the laser output vertical, be used for the attitude preparation of atomic beam, realize the outgoing cold atomic beam of attitude unanimity with atomic beam.
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| CNB2004100966032A CN1333622C (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2004-12-02 | Cold atomic beam generating method and device |
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| CNB2004100966032A CN1333622C (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2004-12-02 | Cold atomic beam generating method and device |
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| CN1333622C true CN1333622C (en) | 2007-08-22 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US8373112B2 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2013-02-12 | Cnrs | Cold atom interferometry sensor |
| US9134450B2 (en) | 2013-01-07 | 2015-09-15 | Muquans | Cold atom gravity gradiometer |
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