CN103700417A - Two-dimensional magnetic-optical trap system - Google Patents
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- CN103700417A CN103700417A CN201310714311.XA CN201310714311A CN103700417A CN 103700417 A CN103700417 A CN 103700417A CN 201310714311 A CN201310714311 A CN 201310714311A CN 103700417 A CN103700417 A CN 103700417A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a two-dimensional magnetic-optical trap system, which belongs to the field of neutral cold atom generation technology, and is characterized in that saddle-type reversed Helmholtz coils are adopted for forming the magnetic-optical trap system. The device is compact in integral mechanical structure and easy for miniatured and engineering application; by utilizing the inherent characteristics, such as compact structure, low installing precision requirement and better radial magnetic field gradient uniformity, of the saddle-type reversed Helmholtz coils, electricity power consumption required for forming a magnetic-optical trap is reduced; through controlling atom steam pressure intensity by electrified current, continuous cold atom sources with low speed, high throughput and small divergence angle are obtained, and a better engineering application platform is provided for an atomic frequency standard, an atom interference gyroscope or other cold atom physical experiments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of two-dimentional magnetic light trap system, belong to cold neutral atom generating technique field, feature is to have adopted the anti-Helmholtz coils of saddle-shape to form magnetic light trap system.
Background technology
1975, T.W.Hansch and A.L.Schawlow proposed the concept of laser cooling and trapping atoms first, and after 4 years, V.I.Balykin and V.S.Letokhov First Observation, to laser deceleration atomic effects, pull open the prelude of the cooling neutral atom of laser thus.From 1987, realize first after Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT), with Magneto-Optical Trap, obtain cold atom source technology and more and more get more and more people's extensive concerning.The appearance of Magneto-Optical Trap makes the preparation of cold atom sample more simple and effective.
Because the cold atom sample obtaining from Magneto-Optical Trap has, speed is low, velocity distribution scope is extremely narrow, the more high plurality of advantages of atomic density, thereby becomes the brand-new means in the fields such as research atom optics, laser absorption spectrum, intervening atom and quantum optics.In addition, the atom temperature obtaining from Magneto-Optical Trap has reached crack magnitude, and at so low temperature, the Broglie of atom (de Broglie) wavelength can be compared with interatomic spacing, between atom, will have very strong interaction, people are referred to as cold collision or supercool collision by it.
Along with laser technology with laser is cooling, fall into the development of prisoner's technology, low velocity, high-throughout continuous atomic source technology obtain and develop rapidly, and are widely used in each basic and applied research field relevant to atom optics.In atomic frequency standard and the gyrostatic application of intervening atom, experimental data proves, continuous type atomic source has lower shot noise and DICK effects than fountain or pulsed atomic source under same flux, in measuring accuracy and stability, has more advantage.Thereby fountain type atomic source cannot be operated under microgravity environment, make continuous type cold atom source advantage in the application of space more obvious.
Along with the development of atom optics, Magneto-Optical Trap technology is applied to the preparation of atomic source and has produced the preparation method in multiple cold atom source.Utilize laser will to fall into the rapid-result bundle of the atom adding of prisoner in ligh trap or Magneto-Optical Trap region to the acting force of atom, the difference that is fallen into prisoner's well structure according to atom has two types of two and three dimensions, two dimension Magneto-Optical Trap structure is also sometimes referred to as " atom funnel ", and its design feature is comprised of laser beam and two pairs of field coils of two pairs of quadratures.In traditional two-dimentional Magneto-Optical Trap structure, field coil is generally comprised of two pairs of anti-Helmholtz coilss of rectangle, and its installation accuracy is had relatively high expectations, and so just optical system has been proposed to very high requirement, has increased experimentally and has obtained the difficulty of stablizing cold atom source.Meanwhile, traditional highly purified alkaline metal of the normal employing of atomic air chamber, for example pure caesium or pure rubidium, generally control atom vapor air pressure by the pure alkali-metal method of heating, and this method installation difficulty is larger, and control accuracy is not high and utilization factor is not high yet.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to replace the anti-Helmholtz coils of traditional rectangle with the anti-Helmholtz coils of the shape of a saddle, a kind of two-dimentional magnetic light trap system is provided, when reducing Magneto-Optical Trap volume and power consumption, can also conveniently control the output of cold atomic beam, can meet atomic frequency standard, intervening atom gyroscope obtains low speed in the situation that of lower power consumption, the cold atom source requirement of high flux and continous-stable output.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of two-dimentional magnetic light trap system of the present invention, this system comprises ionic pump, ultrahigh vacuum cavity, four anti-Helmholtz coilss of the shape of a saddle and operation material source;
Ultrahigh vacuum cavity comprises ten logical vacuum chamber and the former subpools of quadrilateral glass;
Operation material source is alkali metal dispenser;
Ten logical vacuum chambers are a cavity right cylinder, are evenly distributed with eight vacuum flange mouths on cylindrical excircle, respectively have a vacuum flange mouth on the center of cylindrical upper surface center and lower surface; In eight vacuum flange mouths that distribute on excircle, have four optical window is installed, four optical windows are all non-conterminous;
The former subpool of quadrilateral glass is a cavity rectangular parallelepiped; On rear surface in rectangular parallelepiped, there is a vacuum flange mouth, vacuum flange mouth by the vacuum flange mouth on rear surface and ten logical vacuum chamber upper surfaces is fixedly connected with the former subpool of quadrilateral glass with ten logical vacuum chambers, on other five surfaces, an optical window is respectively installed; On the lower surface of rectangular parallelepiped, also has a vacuum flange mouth for being connected with operation material source; The center position of the former subpool of quadrilateral glass is placed with the quarter-wave plate that a slice one side plates the film that is all-trans, and this quarter-wave plate vertical level placement and center are with an aperture, and the diameter of aperture is 2mm; In the former subpool of quadrilateral glass, also have a difference pipe, one end of difference pipe is used for supporting this quarter-wave plate, and the other end of difference pipe is connected to ten logical vacuum chambers, for the vacuum space of the logical vacuum chamber of conducting ten and the former subpool of quadrilateral glass;
Four anti-Helmholtz coilss of the shape of a saddle are evenly fixed on the outside surface of the former subpool of quadrilateral glass;
Four bundle collimated laser beams impinge perpendicularly on respectively on four optical windows of ten logical vacuum chambers, enter the center of ten logical vacuum chambers through optical window, are used to form the light path system of two-dimensional laser alignment atomic beam;
Operation material source is full of atom vapor in the former subpool of quadrilateral glass inside after passing to certain electric current, imprison laser beam enters into the former subpool of quadrilateral glass inside by upper surface, lower surface, left surface and right surperficial four surperficial optical windows of the former subpool of quadrilateral glass, thereby forms the effect of laser trapping of atoms, on the front surface of the former subpool of quadrilateral glass, there is a branch of cooling laser of capturing to enter in the former subpool of quadrilateral glass by the optical window on this front surface, and together with the reflected light forming with the quarter-wave plate of the film that is all-trans via plating one side, the atomic beam at the former subpool inside center of quadrilateral glass place is formed to the effect of propelling, when there is pressure drop difference between ten logical vacuum chambers and the former subpool of quadrilateral glass, cooling, capture under laser and catoptrical acting in conjunction thereof, in the center pit and the logical vacuum chamber of difference pipe inspection to ten of the atomic beam of the former subpool of quadrilateral glass center via quarter-wave plate.
Specific works process is as follows:
1) forvacuum, use mechanical pump and molecular pump, vacuum flange mouths by ten logical vacuum chambers are to ultrahigh vacuum cavity forvacuum, when vacuum pressure value meets after playing a pump and requiring of ionic pump, start ionic pump, after ionic pump is working properly, close mechanical pump and molecular pump, and remove coupling arrangement, only stay ionic pump to maintain the vacuum pressure value of ultrahigh vacuum cavity.
2) build light path, according to the window's position of vacuum chamber, build respectively Trapping of Atoms light path, collimation laser light path and the cooling light light path of catching, for reducing the space of building of whole light path, to catoptrical acquisition in irradiating light beam, can adopt the quarter-wave plate that plates the film that is all-trans to replace the version that conventional total reflective mirror adds quarter-wave plate.
3) alkali metal dispenser is passed to certain electric current, can in the former subpool of quadrilateral glass, discharge vapour of an alkali metal, and according to the size of the number adjusting electrical current of required atomic beam amount, connect the electrical current of the anti-Helmholtz coils of the shape of a saddle, the synergy that utilizes magnetic well and ligh trap is the center at the former subpool of quadrilateral glass a part of Trapping of Atoms, with cooling, catch light and through the one side plating quarter-wave plate center that reflected light that the quarter-wave plate of film forms propels center drilling the atomic beam of imprison of being all-trans, atomic beam through this hole and difference pipe flow to ten logical vacuum chambers.
4) in the situation that two-dimentional magnetic light trap system is working properly, due to the pressure of the ten logical vacuum chambers pressure much smaller than the former subpool of quadrilateral glass, low speed, high-throughout atomic beam eject from the difference pipe mouth of pipe under cooling capturing optical promotion, under the effect of two-dimensional laser alignment light, the angle of divergence of atomic beam further diminishes, atomic beam quality further improves, and finally obtains the atomic source of low speed, high flux, the narrow angle of divergence.Utilize such atomic source, can carry out atomic frequency standard and the gyrostatic applied research of intervening atom.
The advantage of the present invention's two dimension magnetic light trap system has:
1) apparatus of the present invention adopt the anti-Helmholtz coils of the shape of a saddle, and this structure obtains magnetic field performance higher than the anti-Helmholtz coils of traditional rectangle, effectively reduces power consumption and the requirement to installation accuracy of Magneto-Optical Trap;
2) apparatus of the present invention utilize ten logical vacuum chambers to connect pumping equipment, as mechanical pump, turbomolecular pump, ionic pump, can complete the detecting function of two-dimensional laser alignment and cold atom group simultaneously, so function are many, and utilization factor is high.
3) integral mechanical structure of apparatus of the present invention is compact, is easy to miniaturization, through engineering approaches application.Utilize the inherent characteristic of the anti-Helmholtz coils of saddle-shape, as, compact conformation, installation accuracy is less demanding, radial magnetic field gradient homogeneity is better, has reduced and has formed the required electrical power consumed of Magneto-Optical Trap, utilizes electrical current to control atom vapor pressure simultaneously, thereby obtain low speed, high flux, the little and continuous cold atom source of the angle of divergence, for atomic frequency standard, intervening atom gyroscope and the experiment of other Physics of Cold Atoms provide better engineering application platform.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional block diagram of a kind of two-dimentional magnetic light trap system structure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional block diagram of ten logical vacuum chamber structures of subsidiary laser alignment light path and pumping equipment;
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional block diagram of the former subpool inner structure of quadrilateral glass;
Fig. 4 is shape of a saddle two dimension Magneto-Optical Trap and the magnetic field zero distribution comparison diagram of traditional rectangular two dimension Magneto-Optical Trap in atomic beam transmission direction.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional block diagram of a kind of two-dimentional magnetic light trap system structure of the present invention.Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are the local structural graphs of Fig. 1 two dimension magnetic light trap system structure, and wherein Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional block diagram of ten logical vacuum chamber structures of subsidiary laser alignment light path and pumping equipment, and Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional block diagram of the former subpool inner structure of quadrilateral glass.Fig. 4 is shape of a saddle two dimension Magneto-Optical Trap and the magnetic field zero distribution comparison diagram of traditional rectangular two dimension Magneto-Optical Trap in atomic beam transmission direction.A kind of two-dimentional magnetic light trap system of the present invention, this system comprises ionic pump 2, ultrahigh vacuum cavity, four anti-Helmholtz coilss 1 of the shape of a saddle and operation material source 5;
Ultrahigh vacuum cavity comprises ten logical vacuum chamber 3 and the former subpools 4 of quadrilateral glass;
Operation material source is alkali metal dispenser 5, for improving the serviceable life of two-dimentional Magneto-Optical Trap, can weld many alkali metal dispensers on vacuum flange simultaneously;
Ten logical vacuum chambers 3 are a cavity right cylinder, are evenly distributed with eight vacuum flange mouths on cylindrical excircle, as shown in Figure 2, respectively have a vacuum flange mouth on the center of cylindrical upper surface center and lower surface; In eight vacuum flange mouths that distribute on excircle, have four optical window is installed, four optical windows are all non-conterminous.
Four bundle collimated laser beams 31,32,33,34 impinge perpendicularly on respectively on four optical windows of ten logical vacuum chambers 3, as shown in Figure 2, and light beam 31(σ
-) and via one side, plate the reflected light 33(σ of quarter-wave plate (not shown on the figure) formation of the film that is all-trans
+) formation pair of alignment laser beam.Light beam 32(σ
-) and via one side, plate the reflected light 34(σ of quarter-wave plate (not shown on the figure) formation of the film that is all-trans
+) form another collimation laser beam.Two collimation laser beam enter the center of ten logical vacuum chambers 3 through optical window, the atomic beam ejecting via difference pipe 45 is completed to two-dimensional collimation, are used to form the light path system of two-dimensional laser alignment atomic beam.
The former subpool 4 of quadrilateral glass is a cavity rectangular parallelepiped; On rear surface in rectangular parallelepiped, there is a vacuum flange mouth 46, vacuum flange mouth 35 by the vacuum flange mouth 46 on rear surface and ten logical vacuum chamber upper surfaces is fixedly connected with the former subpool 4 of quadrilateral glass with ten logical vacuum chambers 3, on other five surfaces, an optical window is respectively installed; On the lower surface of rectangular parallelepiped, also has a vacuum flange mouth 47 for being connected with operation material source 5; The center position of the former subpool 4 of quadrilateral glass is placed with the quarter-wave plate 44 that a slice one side plates the film that is all-trans, and this quarter-wave plate vertical level placement and center are with an aperture, and the diameter of aperture is 2mm; In the former subpool of quadrilateral glass, also have a difference pipe 45, one end of difference pipe 45 is used for supporting this quarter-wave plate 44, and the other end of difference pipe is connected to ten logical vacuum chambers 3.The vacuum spaces of ten logical vacuum chambers 3 and the former subpool 4 of quadrilateral glass are connected by difference pipe, and in the situation that existing without atom vapor, difference pipe at least can maintain ten pressure drop difference of leading between vacuum chambers 3 and the former subpool 4 of quadrilateral glass higher than 10 times.
Four anti-Helmholtz coilss 1 of the shape of a saddle are evenly fixed on the outside surface of the former subpool 4 of quadrilateral glass.The right coil of the described anti-Helmholtz coils of the first couple and left coil are relatively arranged on the left and right outside surface of the former subpool 4 of quadrilateral glass, and the center of right coil and left coil is at the center position of the former subpool 4 of quadrilateral glass.The upper coil of the described anti-Helmholtz coils of the second couple and lower coil are relatively arranged on the outside surface up and down of the former subpool 4 of quadrilateral glass, and the center of upper coil and lower coil is at the center position of the former subpool 4 of quadrilateral glass.The size of these two pairs of anti-Helmholtz coilss of the shape of a saddle and the size of current of being passed through are identical, but their direction of current is different, for example, when the first anti-Helmholtz coils is clockwise direction to the electric current of right coil, the electric current of left coil is counterclockwise, on the second anti-Helmholtz coils, the electric current of coil is that counterclockwise the electric current of lower coil is clockwise direction.Two pairs of anti-Helmholtz coilss of the shape of a saddle are to the magnetic field with linear gradient is provided for Magneto-Optical Trap, and produce magnetic field zero in symcenter.Under identical coil turn and identical electrical current intensity, the Fig. 4 being drawn by theoretical modeling can find out, saddle-shaped two-dimentional Magneto-Optical Trap resulting magnetic field zero homogeneity in symcenter one segment distance is better than the resulting magnetic field zero homogeneity of the two-dimentional Magneto-Optical Trap of traditional rectangular.From the analysis of Fig. 4, learn, this structure obtain magnetic field performance will be higher than traditional rectangle anti-Helmholtz coils, effectively reduce power consumption and the installation accuracy of Magneto-Optical Trap;
Claims (3)
1. a two-dimentional magnetic light trap system, is characterized in that: this system comprises ionic pump, ultrahigh vacuum cavity, four anti-Helmholtz coilss of the shape of a saddle and operation material source;
Ultrahigh vacuum cavity comprises ten logical vacuum chamber and the former subpools of quadrilateral glass;
Operation material source is alkali metal dispenser;
Ten logical vacuum chambers are a cavity right cylinder, are evenly distributed with eight vacuum flange mouths on cylindrical excircle, respectively have a vacuum flange mouth on the center of cylindrical upper surface center and lower surface; In eight vacuum flange mouths that distribute on excircle, have four optical window is installed, four optical windows are all non-conterminous;
The former subpool of quadrilateral glass is a cavity rectangular parallelepiped; On rear surface in rectangular parallelepiped, there is a vacuum flange mouth, vacuum flange mouth by the vacuum flange mouth on rear surface and ten logical vacuum chamber upper surfaces is fixedly connected with the former subpool of quadrilateral glass with ten logical vacuum chambers, on other five surfaces, an optical window is respectively installed; On the lower surface of rectangular parallelepiped, also has a vacuum flange mouth for being connected with operation material source; The center position of the former subpool of quadrilateral glass is placed with the quarter-wave plate that a slice one side plates the film that is all-trans, and this quarter-wave plate vertical level placement and center are with an aperture; In the former subpool of quadrilateral glass, also have a difference pipe, one end of difference pipe is used for supporting this quarter-wave plate, and the other end of difference pipe is connected to ten logical vacuum chambers;
Four anti-Helmholtz coilss of the shape of a saddle are evenly fixed on the outside surface of the former subpool of quadrilateral glass;
Four bundle collimated laser beams impinge perpendicularly on respectively on four optical windows of ten logical vacuum chambers, enter the center of ten logical vacuum chambers through optical window, are used to form the light path system of two-dimensional laser alignment atomic beam;
Operation material source is full of atom vapor in the former subpool of quadrilateral glass inside after passing to electric current, imprison laser beam enters into the former subpool of quadrilateral glass inside by upper surface, lower surface, left surface and right surperficial four surperficial optical windows of the former subpool of quadrilateral glass, thereby forms the effect of laser trapping of atoms, on the front surface of the former subpool of quadrilateral glass, there is a branch of cooling laser of capturing to enter in the former subpool of quadrilateral glass by the optical window on this front surface, and together with the reflected light forming with the quarter-wave plate of the film that is all-trans via plating one side, the atomic beam at the former subpool inside center of quadrilateral glass place is formed to the effect of propelling, when there is pressure drop difference between ten logical vacuum chambers and the former subpool of quadrilateral glass, cooling, capture under laser and catoptrical acting in conjunction thereof, in the center pit and the logical vacuum chamber of difference pipe inspection to ten of the atomic beam of the former subpool of quadrilateral glass center by quarter-wave plate.
2. a kind of two-dimentional magnetic light trap system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the be all-trans diameter of aperture of quarter-wave plate of film of one side plating is 2mm, and places perpendicular to surface level.
3. a kind of two-dimentional magnetic light trap system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: ten logical vacuum chambers are connected by difference pipe with the vacuum space of the former subpool of quadrilateral glass, in the situation that existing without atom vapor, difference pipe at least can maintain between ten logical vacuum chambers and the former subpool of quadrilateral glass the pressure drop difference higher than 10 times.
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