CN115736137A - Multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive and application thereof - Google Patents
Multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115736137A CN115736137A CN202211467019.8A CN202211467019A CN115736137A CN 115736137 A CN115736137 A CN 115736137A CN 202211467019 A CN202211467019 A CN 202211467019A CN 115736137 A CN115736137 A CN 115736137A
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Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and relates to a multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive and application thereof, wherein the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-39 parts of rice hull ash, 30-45 parts of corn flour, 8-15 parts of microbial bacteria and Na 2 SiO 3 5-15 parts of medium trace elements and 5-15 parts of medium trace elements; the microorganism bacteria are Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilisBacillus and photosynthetic bacteria are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1 are mixed; the medium trace elements comprise the following substances in parts by mass: 0.1 part of boric acid, 0.1 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 part of EDTA-Fe and 0.1 part of sodium molybdate. The multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive disclosed by the invention can greatly improve the growth speed of diatom, reduce the consumption of feed, purify water and provide a good culture environment for the growth of sea cucumbers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and relates to a multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive and application thereof.
Background
The benthic diatoms play an extremely important role in sea cucumber culture, for the sea cucumber culture, the benthic diatoms play a role which is not only simple in providing proper nutrient components, but also more important, the characteristics of the benthic diatoms accord with the basic attributes of the sea cucumber culture industry, and as the sea cucumbers almost all move, forage and grow at the bottom of the culture environment, the quality of the bottom environment of the culture environment directly influences the quality of the growth of the sea cucumbers.
At present, benthic diatoms are directionally cultured in rich water to promote the mass propagation of diatoms and provide a good culture environment for the growth of sea cucumbers, and feed additives are added into the benthic diatoms during culture, but the following problems exist:
(1) In the existing culture environment, besides benthic diatom propagation, a large amount of filamentous algae such as moss, and harmful algae such as blue-green algae, euglena, dinoflagellate and the like influence the sea cucumber culture environment, and diatom growth is slow, so that sea cucumber growth is slowed down;
(2) In the bottom of the culture pond and in the water body, the stocking density of aquatic animals is high, the bait feeding amount is large, the feed consumption is high, and the cost is high;
(3) A large amount of corpses, residual baits, excrement and the like of animals and plants are easily accumulated in the culture water body, and the environment of the water body is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of low growth rate, high feed consumption and water pollution in the conventional sea cucumber culture, the invention provides the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive and the application thereof, so that the growth speed of diatom is greatly increased, the feed consumption is reduced, the water quality can be purified, and a good culture environment is provided for the growth of sea cucumbers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-39 parts of rice hull ash, 30-45 parts of corn flour, 8-15 parts of microbial bacteria and Na 2 SiO 3 5-15 parts of medium trace elements and 5-15 parts of medium trace elements.
Further, the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of rice hull ash, 32-40 parts of corn flour, 9-12 parts of microbial bacteria and Na 2 SiO 3 6-10 parts of medium trace elements and 7-10 parts of medium trace elements.
Further, the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of rice hull ash, 40 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of microbial bacteria and Na 2 SiO 3 8 parts of medium trace elements and 8 parts of medium trace elements.
Further, the microorganism bacteria are lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria according to a volume ratio of 1:1:1 by mixing.
Further, the medium trace elements comprise the following substances in parts by mass: 0.1 part of boric acid, 0.1 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 part of EDTA-Fe and 0.1 part of sodium molybdate.
An application of a multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive in improving the water environment of sea cucumber culture.
Further, the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive is added into the sea cucumber aquaculture water after being activated by adding water for 24 hours.
Furthermore, the adding amount of the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive is 1 kg/(1-2) mu of sea cucumber farm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the silicate released by the rice hull ash promotes the proliferation of diatoms, and the increase of diatoms can inhibit the propagation of filamentous algae such as moss, inhibit the growth of harmful algae such as blue algae, euglena, dinoflagellate and the like, and improve the growth speed of sea cucumbers.
2. The sea cucumber feed additive is mainly used for culturing benthic diatoms in a pond, is used as high-quality initial feed for breeding varieties such as sea cucumbers, crabs, shrimps and shellfish, can improve the feed conversion rate, promote the digestion and absorption of aquatic organisms on the feed, improve the feed utilization rate, and reduce the feeding amount of the feed; has good bactericidal effect, enhances the disease resistance of organisms, and improves the growth speed and the quality of the sea cucumbers.
3. According to the invention, the generation of diatoms can be accelerated, and the photosynthesis of a large amount of diatoms and microbial bacteria can increase dissolved oxygen in the pond, stabilize water quality, reduce the concentration of toxic substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and hydrogen sulfide, reduce the breeding of harmful bacteria and improve the culture environment.
4. The additive provided by the invention can thoroughly decompose organic matters such as residual baits, feces, animal and plant corpses and the like at the bottom of a water body and a pond, eliminate harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, methane and the like, reduce sediment deposition and purify water quality.
5. The additive provided by the invention can be activated only by adding water into the additive, does not need oxygenation, does not need to add a culture medium, and is convenient to use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the growth of sea cucumber before the sea cucumber feed additive of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows the growth of sea cucumber 20 days after the sea cucumber feed additive of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the moss formation in the sea cucumber rings after 20 days of the sea cucumber feed additive of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the harmful algae of Euglena, blue algae and dinoflagellate in the holothurian colony after 20 days;
FIG. 5 is a microscopic examination image of sacrificial diatom in water before the sea cucumber feed additive of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a microscopic examination image of sacrificial diatom in water after one week of the sea cucumber feed additive of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
A multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-39 parts of rice hull ash, 30-45 parts of corn flour, 8-15 parts of microbial bacteria and Na 2 SiO 3 5-15 parts of medium trace elements and 5-15 parts of medium trace elements.
Preferably, the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of rice hull ash, 32-40 parts of corn flour, 9-12 parts of microbial bacteria and Na 2 SiO 3 6-10 parts of medium trace elements and 7-10 parts of medium trace elements.
Preferably, the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weightComprises the following steps: 30 parts of rice hull ash, 40 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of microbial bacteria and Na 2 SiO 3 8 parts of medium trace elements and 8 parts of medium trace elements.
In the invention, the microorganism bacteria are lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria according to a volume ratio of 1:1:1 by mixing.
In the invention, the medium trace elements comprise the following substances in parts by mass: 0.1 part of boric acid, 0.1 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 part of EDTA-Fe and 0.1 part of sodium molybdate.
When the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive provided by the invention is used, the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive is activated by adding water for 24 hours, and then added into a sea cucumber aquaculture water body.
The mass ratio of the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive to water is 1:2, the adding amount of the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive is 1 kg/(1-2) mu of sea cucumber farm.
The multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive provided by the invention takes the rice hull ash as the main source of Si, meanwhile, silicate released by the rice hull ash promotes the increment of diatoms, and the increase of the abundance of diatoms further inhibits the growth of other harmful algae; the lactobacillus plantarum can degrade carbohydrates to generate lactic acid and other organic acids, so that the pH value in the intestinal tract of animals is reduced, the growth and the propagation of other microorganisms are inhibited, and meanwhile, various metabolites generated by the lactobacillus plantarum comprise acidic substances, carbon dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins and other substances, so that the lactobacillus plantarum has a certain bacteriostatic function, and the function of enhancing the disease resistance of organisms is achieved. In addition, B vitamins and short-chain fatty acid synthesized by the lactobacillus plantarum can neutralize the toxicity of toxic substances in animals, and the lactobacillus plantarum can improve the feed conversion rate; the antibacterial peptide generated by the bacillus has a very unique sterilization mechanism, pathogenic bacteria are not easy to generate drug resistance to the antibacterial peptide, so that the antibacterial peptide is used as a novel feed additive and can prevent various microbial pests; the photosynthetic bacteria are rich in nutrition and high in nutritive value, can be added into the feed as a feed additive, can promote the digestion and absorption of aquatic organisms on the feed, improve the utilization rate of the feed, reduce the bait coefficient, and can also obviously improve the growth speed of the aquatic organisms. The medium trace elements are the components of enzyme or coenzyme in plant body, have strong specificity, and are indispensable and irreplaceable for the growth and development of crops. Therefore, when a plant lacks any of the medium trace elements, growth and development are inhibited, resulting in reduced yield and quality. When the trace elements are sufficient, the physiological function of the plant can be vigorous, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of the macroelements by the crops and can also improve the colloid chemical property of the cell protoplasm, thereby increasing the concentration of the protoplasm and enhancing the stress resistance of the crops to adverse environment.
Based on the functions, the obtained additive has good moss control effect, and can inhibit growth of filamentous algae such as moss, and harmful algae such as blue algae, euglena, dinoflagellate and the like; culturing the growth of benthic diatoms in the pond; increasing dissolved oxygen in the pond, reducing breeding of harmful bacteria, stabilizing water quality, thoroughly decomposing organic matters at the bottom of the water body and the pond, eliminating harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, methane and the like, reducing sediment deposition, purifying water quality and improving the growth environment of the sea cucumbers.
The composition formula of the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive provided by the embodiment is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 composition ratio of multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive
| Rice hull ash | Corn flour | Microbial bacteria | Na 2 SiO 3 | Medium trace elements | |
| 1 | 22 | 45 | 8 | 15 | 5 |
| 2 | 25 | 42 | 8 | 12 | 6 |
| 3 | 28 | 40 | 9 | 10 | 7 |
| 4 | 30 | 40 | 10 | 8 | 8 |
| 5 | 35 | 35 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| 6 | 35 | 32 | 12 | 6 | 12 |
| 7 | 39 | 30 | 15 | 5 | 15 |
The performance advantages of the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive of the invention are illustrated by the application effects of several groups of multifunctional sea cucumber feed additives in different proportions in the sea cucumber aquaculture water.
Example 1
The multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive provided by the embodiment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of rice hull ash, 40 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of microbial bacteria and Na 2 SiO 3 8 parts of medium trace elements.
The microbial bacteria are lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 are mixed. The medium trace elements comprise the following substances in parts by mass: 0.1 part of boric acid, 0.1 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 part of EDTA-Fe and 0.1 part of sodium molybdate.
In the example, the test site is set in the sea cucumber ring at the mouth town of Dalian city, the sea cucumbers in the ring are mainly picked by hands, the density is not large, the total test area is 125 mu, the water area is 78 mu, and the sea cucumber ring with the water depth of 1.6 m is used for culturing benthic diatoms, and the growth condition of the sea cucumbers is observed, as shown in FIG. 1.
The feed additive of the embodiment is mixed and added with water for activation for 24 hours, the using amount of 1 kilogram and 1 mu (activated by clean water, 2 kilograms of water in 1 kilogram of product, normal temperature, no need of oxygenation and no need of adding culture medium) is 1 kilogram and 1 mu, the activated product is splashed in the whole pool, and places with poor water quality are covered in a key way.
After 20 days, the growth of the sea cucumber is observed, as shown in figure 2; the moss in the sea cucumber ring is shown in figure 3 (wherein (a) shows before use, (b) shows after use); harmful algae such as Euglena, blue algae, and dinoflagellate in Holothuria circle are shown in FIG. 4 (wherein (a) shows before use and (b) shows after use).
As is apparent from the comparison between FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the growth state of the sea cucumber is very good by using the feed additive provided by this embodiment.
From fig. 3 and 4, the additive has good moss controlling effect, and can inhibit growth of filamentous algae such as moss, and harmful algae such as blue algae, euglena, dinoflagellate, etc.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of rice hull ash, 35 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of microbial bacteria and Na 2 SiO 3 10 parts of medium trace elements.
The microbial bacteria are lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 are mixed. The medium trace elements comprise the following substances in parts by mass: 0.1 part of boric acid, 0.1 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 part of EDTA-Fe and 0.1 part of sodium molybdate.
The additive test of this example was the same as that of example 1.
The feed additive of the embodiment is added with water to be activated for 24 hours, the using amount of 1 kilogram of the feed additive is 1 mu (1 kilogram of product is activated by clean water, 2 kilograms of water is used, the aeration is not needed at normal temperature, and culture medium is not needed), the activated product is splashed in the whole pool, and the area where moss grows is covered.
Initially, the diatoms were observed as shown in fig. 5; after one week of use, the beach surface or aquatic weed attachments were subjected to microscopic examination, as shown in fig. 6.
As is apparent from comparison between FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the feed additive provided by the present embodiment increases the amount of benthic diatoms in the marine environment, and inhibits the growth of harmful algae such as lichen algae and blue algae.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of rice hull ash, 35 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of microbial bacteria and Na 2 SiO 3 10 parts of medium trace elements.
The microbial bacteria are lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 by mixing. The medium trace elements comprise the following substances in parts by mass: 0.1 part of boric acid, 0.1 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 part of EDTA-Fe and 0.1 part of sodium molybdate.
The experimental set-up of the additives of this example was the same as that of example 1.
The feed additive of the embodiment is added with water to be activated for 24 hours, (1 kg of product is 2 kg of water activated by clean water, normal temperature, oxygenation is not needed, culture medium is not needed), the using amount is 1 kg and 2 mu, the activated product is splashed in the whole pool, and the area where moss grows is covered in a key way.
After one week of use, a proper amount of the sea cucumber feed additive was taken to test the changes of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and dissolved oxygen in the water body after the sea cucumber feed additive was added, as shown in table 2. (1, 2,3 respectively show water samples taken from different points at the bottom)
TABLE 2 changes of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and dissolved oxygen in water after sea cucumber feed additive is added
As can be seen from table 2: by adopting the feed additive provided by the embodiment, the ammonia nitrogen and the nitrite in the water body are greatly reduced, the breeding of harmful bacteria is reduced, the water quality is purified, the dissolved oxygen is improved, the breeding of the harmful bacteria is reduced, the water quality is stabilized, the culture environment is improved, and the yield and the quality of the sea cucumber are improved.
Claims (8)
1. A multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive is characterized in that: the composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-39 parts of rice hull ash, 30-45 parts of corn flour, 8-15 parts of microbial bacteria and Na 2 SiO 3 5-15 parts of medium trace elements and 5-15 parts of medium trace elements.
2. The multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive according to claim 1, wherein: the composition is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of rice hull ash, 32-40 parts of corn flour, 9-12 parts of microbial bacteria and Na 2 SiO 3 6-10 parts of medium trace elements and 7-10 parts of medium trace elements.
3. The multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive according to claim 2, wherein: the composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of rice hull ash, 40 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of microbial bacteria and Na 2 SiO 3 8 parts of medium trace elements and 8 parts of medium trace elements.
4. The multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive according to claim 3, wherein: the microbial bacteria are lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria according to a volume ratio of 1:1:1 by mixing.
5. The multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive according to claim 4, wherein: the medium trace elements comprise the following substances in parts by mass: 0.1 part of boric acid, 0.1 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 part of EDTA-Fe and 0.1 part of sodium molybdate.
6. The application of the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive as claimed in claim 5 in improving the water environment of sea cucumber culture.
7. The application of claim 6, wherein the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive is added into the sea cucumber aquaculture water after being activated by adding water for 24 hours, and the mass ratio of the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive to the water is 1:2.
8. the use of claim 6, wherein the multifunctional sea cucumber feed additive is added in an amount of 1 kg/(1-2) mu of sea cucumber farm.
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| CN108911796A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-11-30 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | A kind of sea water silicate fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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