CN115725661A - 评价化学品致突变性的工具和方法 - Google Patents
评价化学品致突变性的工具和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请提供了重组哺乳动物细胞,其经过工程改造而表达包含CD59和荧光蛋白的融合蛋白。本申请还提供了利用所述重组哺乳动物细胞评价化学品致突变性的方法以及所述重组哺乳动物细胞在评价化学品致突变性中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本申请大体涉及分子生物学和化工技术的交叉技术领域,具体而言,本申请提供了利用重组构建细胞评价化学品致突变性的工具和方法。
背景技术
致突变效应评估是评价化学品毒性的重要指标,也是化学品健康危害鉴别的重要组成部分。现有的体外哺乳动物细胞致突变试验的特异度普遍偏低,而体内遗传毒性和致癌性试验的结果亦存在一致性难以准确判定的问题,并且时间、人力和资金成本均比较高,难以实现高通量评价。基于此,亟待寻找一种相对快速、准确的测试方法对化学品的致突变性进行评估和分析。
发明内容
第一方面,本申请提供了重组哺乳动物细胞,其经过工程改造而表达包含CD59和荧光蛋白的融合蛋白。
在一些实施方案中,重组哺乳动物细胞为人源性细胞。
在一些实施方案中,重组哺乳动物细胞是对选自以下的细胞工程改造获得的:293AD细胞、HEK细胞、CHO细胞、293T细胞、JY细胞、BM92细胞、WIN细胞、MOC细胞、MG细胞、NSO细胞、SP2细胞、BHK细胞、COS细胞、Hep G2细胞、A549细胞、HELA细胞、CVI细胞、COS细胞、R1610细胞、BALBC/3T3细胞、HAK细胞、SP2/O细胞、P3x63-Ag3.653细胞、BFA-1c1BPT细胞、RAJI细胞、HEK293细胞、CHO-K1细胞、CHO-S细胞、CHO/dhfr-细胞或BHK-21细胞。
在一些实施方案中,荧光蛋白为绿色荧光蛋白或橙/红色荧光蛋白。在一些实施方案中,荧光蛋白为EGFP、GFP、mGFP5、D2EGFP、多色GFP变体、DsRed、DsRed2、DsRed-express、mRFP1、mCherry或Kaede。
在一些实施方案中,在所述融合蛋白的结构中,CD59和荧光蛋白之间还包含柔性连接子。在一些实施方案中,柔性连接子为GS型连接子。在一些实施方案中,柔性连接子为SGSSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(SEQ ID NO:3)、GSGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(SEQ ID NO:4)、GSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGG(SEQ ID NO:5)S、GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(SEQ ID NO:6)、GSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(SEQ ID NO:7)或GGGSGGGSGGGSGGGSGGGS(SEQID NO:8)。
在一些实施方案中,编码融合蛋白的基因被整合到所述重组哺乳动物细胞的基因组中。
第二方面,本申请提供了评价化学品致突变性的方法,包括以下步骤:
使第一方面所述的重组哺乳动物细胞与待评价化学品接触;以及
用所述荧光蛋白的激发波长进行激发,在所述荧光蛋白的发射波长下采集所述重组哺乳动物细胞的图像或读取荧光值,其中相比于未与所述待评价化学品接触的所述重组哺乳动物细胞,所述图像中荧光强度的下降或所述荧光值的降低指示所述评价化学品具有致突变性。
第三方面,本申请提供了第一方面所述的重组哺乳动物细胞在评价化学品致突变性中的用途。
第四方面,本申请提供了融合蛋白,其包含CD59和荧光蛋白,并且在所述CD59和所述荧光蛋白之间任选地包含柔性连接子。
第五方面,本申请提供了编码第四方面所述的融合蛋白的核酸分子。
第六方面,本申请提供了包含第五方面所述的核酸分子的载体。在一些实施方案中,所述载体为病毒载体。在一些具体实施方案中,病毒载体为慢病毒、逆转录病毒、腺病毒、腺相关病毒、疱疹病毒、痘病毒、杆状病毒、乳头瘤病毒或乳多泡病毒。
附图简要说明
图1显示了本申请实施例的重组哺乳动物细胞的荧光图像,其中荧光集中出现在细胞膜部分,证实细胞模型构建成功。
图2至图4显示了用不同浓度的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理本申请实施例的重组哺乳动物细胞24h、48h、72h后的CCK8细胞增殖测试结果。
具体实施方式
应理解,在本申请的特定方面、实施方案或实施例中描述的特征、特性、组分或步骤,可适用于本文所描述的任何其他的方面、实施方案或实施例,除非与之矛盾。
致突变效应评估是评价化学品毒性的重要指标,也是化学品健康危害鉴别的重要组成部分。
本申请的发明构思在一定程度上基于磷脂酰肌醇聚糖A类(Pig-a)基因突变分析,这是一种基于体内血液细胞的基因突变检测方法。磷脂酰肌醇聚糖A类(Pig-a)基因位于X染色体,编码N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶复合物,主要参与糖基磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)连接蛋白的合成。当Pig-a基因突变时,GPI不能正常合成,多种细胞膜表面蛋白不能锚定在细胞表面,膜蛋白表达量显著降低。Pig-a基因在哺乳动物和人体细胞中具有高度的保守型,用少量动物试验即可得出相对准确的结果,与传统方法相比更加高效准确,已被国际遗传毒性工作组(IWGT)及美国健康与环境科学研究所(HESI)列为传统实验组合的后续拓展方向,具有良好的应用前景。常规的Pig-a基因突变检测需要将化学品灌胃处理大鼠28天,之后取血并采用流式细胞仪检测。因此,该检测中存在通量小、时间长、操作繁琐等技术瓶颈。
针对Pig-a致突变试验的局限性,本申请的发明人研发体外细胞评价模型,其中从Pig-a致突变试验中受影响的膜蛋白中筛选得到CD59蛋白,将其与荧光蛋白构建为融合蛋白,通过转基因技术对哺乳动物细胞进行工程改造,从而得到Pig-a致突变试验的体外评价模型,从而基于荧光强度的评价,能快速、便捷、高通量地评价化学品诱导的致突变效应。
第一方面,第一方面,本申请提供了重组哺乳动物细胞,其经过工程改造而表达包含CD59和荧光蛋白的融合蛋白。
术语“哺乳动物”是指分类学分类上的哺乳纲的任何动物。哺乳动物可以指人或者非人灵长类动物。在评价化学品对于人类的毒性效应时,选择人源性细胞是更合理的。
在一些实施方案中,重组哺乳动物细胞是对选自以下的细胞工程改造获得的:293AD细胞、HEK细胞、CHO细胞、293T细胞、JY细胞、BM92细胞、WIN细胞、MOC细胞、MG细胞、NSO细胞、SP2细胞、BHK细胞、COS细胞、Hep G2细胞、A549细胞、HELA细胞、CVI细胞、COS细胞、R1610细胞、BALBC/3T3细胞、HAK细胞、SP2/O细胞、P3x63-Ag3.653细胞、BFA-1c1BPT细胞、RAJI细胞、HEK293细胞、CHO-K1细胞、CHO-S细胞、CHO/dhfr-细胞或BHK-21细胞。
一般而言,遗传背景清晰,常用于基因工程改造的哺乳动物细胞系均可以用于本申请,并且有多种途径可以商购获得。
CD59是一种分子量18-20kDa的膜性调节蛋白。由Sugita等首先报道,曾有不同的名称,如同种限制因子20(homologous restriction factor-20)、保护素(protectin)及膜反应性溶破抑制物(membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis,MIRL)等。CD59由103个氨基酸残基组成,含有单一的N端糖基化位点,其C端借GPI锚固定于细胞表面。CD59分布广泛,已证明皮肤、肝、肾、胰、肺、唾腺、神经系统、胎盘以及各种血细胞(红细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞及血小板)和精子上均有表达。C59的主要生理功能是,防止MAC对同种或自身细胞的溶解破坏,即同种限制作用(homologous species restriction,HSR)。CD59的cDNA已经克隆,并确定CD59的基因定位于人的第11号染色体短臂,其核苷酸序列与氨基酸序列相对应,并与小鼠的CD59有同源性。CD59的序列结构信息在GenBank中已有记录,例如参见NCBIBC001506。
荧光蛋白最早在水生生物中发现,并且已被开发为分子生物学的常用工具。常见的荧光蛋白为绿色荧光蛋白或橙/红色荧光蛋白。在一些具体实施方案中,本申请可用的荧光蛋白为EGFP、GFP、mGFP5、D2EGFP、多色GFP变体、DsRed、DsRed2、DsRed-express、mRFP1、mCherry或Kaede。
在融合蛋白构建体中,不同蛋白组成部分之间常用柔性连接子进行连接,增加空间延展性,使得蛋白组成部分的空间折叠、构象尽量不受互相影响。常用的柔性连接子包括GS型连接子,例如(GS)n、(GGS)n、(GGGS)n、(GGGGS)n结构的连接子。GS型连接子的具体实例包括但不限于,SGSSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(SEQ ID NO:3)、GSGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(SEQ ID NO:4)、GSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGG(SEQ ID NO:5)S、GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(SEQ ID NO:6)、GSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(SEQ ID NO:7)或GGGSGGGSGGGSGGGSGGGS(SEQID NO:8)。
在一些实施方案中,编码融合蛋白的基因被整合到所述重组哺乳动物细胞的基因组中。
第二方面,本申请提供了评价化学品致突变性的方法,包括以下步骤:
使第一方面所述的重组哺乳动物细胞与待评价化学品接触;以及
用所述荧光蛋白的激发波长进行激发,在所述荧光蛋白的发射波长下采集所述重组哺乳动物细胞的图像或读取荧光值,其中相比于未与所述待评价化学品接触的所述重组哺乳动物细胞,所述图像中荧光强度的下降或所述荧光值的降低指示所述评价化学品具有致突变性。
在本申请中,由于CD59与荧光蛋白是融合表达,因而共同被定位到细胞膜上,因此,荧光强度的变化也反映出CD59的表达量变化,由于CD59的C端借GPI锚固定于细胞表面,因此与Pig-a测试机制关联起来。
本申请的评价方法中对于荧光量的比较可以采取定性、半定量或定量分析。例如,可以将用待评价化学品处理以及未处理的重组哺乳动物细胞的荧光显微镜下的图像进行肉眼观察,进行定性评估,或者可以借助图像分析软件对捕获的图像进行半定量分析。此外,也可以用荧光分析仪测量荧光读数,进行精确定量分析。
在一些实施方案中,将所述重组哺乳动物细胞与待评价化学品在具有能够监测所述荧光蛋白的荧光读值变化的装置中进行接触。例如,所述装置可以是多孔板,例如96孔或384孔,从而可以同时分别监测多种化学品对重组细胞的荧光蛋白表达的影响,从而提高了筛选通量,节约成本。
可以通过半数有效浓度(EC50)评价化合物的致突变性。在本申请中,EC50可以指能够引起50%的荧光强度下降的化学品浓度。EC50的值越小,化学品的致突变性越强。
第三方面,本申请提供了第一方面所述的重组哺乳动物细胞在评价化学品致突变性中的用途。
第四方面,本申请提供了融合蛋白,其包含CD59和荧光蛋白,并且在所述CD59和所述荧光蛋白之间任选地包含柔性连接子。
第五方面,本申请提供了编码第四方面所述的融合蛋白的核酸分子。术语“编码”用于特定核酸的上下文时,是指该核酸包含指导该核苷酸序列翻译成特定蛋白的必需信息。
第六方面,本申请提供了包含第五方面所述的核酸分子的载体。在一些实施方案中,所述载体为病毒载体。在一些具体实施方案中,病毒载体为慢病毒、逆转录病毒、腺病毒、腺相关病毒、疱疹病毒、痘病毒、杆状病毒、乳头瘤病毒或乳多泡病毒。
上述第四至第六方面的技术方案主要涉及本申请的重组哺乳动物细胞的构建方法和工具。本申请的重组哺乳动物细胞的构建可以通过将编码所述融合蛋白的核酸分子转染至母体哺乳动物细胞,以及后续的稳定表达转化体的筛选等步骤。术语“转染”涉及将核酸引入细胞的过程。本申请的重组哺乳动物细胞可以通过病毒载体介导的转基因技术。其他合适的方法包括直接注射法、磷酸钙共沉淀法、电穿孔法、脂质体转染法、受体介导的基因转移、微粒子轰击法和显微注射法等。如果需要转染的核酸实际上保留在细胞及其子细胞的基因组中,则需要发生稳定的转染。
贯穿申请文件,将词语“包括”或“包含”或“含有”理解成提示包含所称元素、整数或步骤,或者元素、整数或步骤的组,而非排除任何其它元素、整数或步骤,或者元素、整数或步骤的组。
应当理解,以上详细描述仅为了使本领域技术人员更清楚地了解本申请的内容,而并非意图在任何方面加以限制。本领域技术人员能够对所述实施方案进行各种改动和变化。
实施例
提供以下实施例仅仅是对本申请的一些实施方案进行举例说明,没有任何限制的目的或性质。
实验材料和来源
除非另有说明,本申请中所使用的试剂、装置等均可商购获得。
293AD细胞购自Cell Biolabs公司,293ft细胞购自Thermo Fisher公司,DMEM细胞培养液、胎牛血清、0.25%胰酶消化液、青霉素-链霉素双抗购自Gibco公司。CCK8购自日本东仁公司。
高内涵成像系统购自美国MD公司,二氧化碳培养箱购自美国Thermo Fisher公司,倒置荧光显微镜购自日本奥林巴斯公司。
方法
1.建立CD59-EGFP过表达质粒
根据NCBI BC001506给出的序列信息合成CD59全长序列。利用PCR方法扩增CD59全长,在引物两端加入重组序列。引物序列如下:GS-F(5’-3’),tcaggtagctccggaggc(SEQ IDNO:9);lvxC7 R(5’-3’),aattcgaagcttgagctcg(SEQ ID NO:10)。用PCR的方法将pLVX-GS连接子-EGFP质粒线性化。CD59-GS infF(5’-3’),tctcgagctcaagcttcgaattaccatgggaatccaaggagggtct(SEQ ID NO:11);CD59-GS infR(5’-3’),ctccgcctccggagctacctgagggatgaaggctccag(SEQ ID NO:12)。利用同源重组方法将CD59全长序列插入线性化的pLVX-GS连接子-EGFP质粒,构建pLVX-CD59-EGFP重组质粒,并测序验证。
融合蛋白CD59-GS连接子-EGFP的氨基酸序列和核酸序列分别如SEQ ID NO:1和2所示,其中无下划线部分为CD59,单下划线部分为GS连接子,双下划线部分为EGFP。
2.构建稳定表达CD59-EGFP的稳定表达细胞系。
在293ft细胞中包装过表达CD59-EGFP慢病毒颗粒。pLP1、pLP2、pVSVG和pLVX-CD59-EGFP质粒在293ft细胞中共转染。三天后收集细胞细胞上清液,3000rpm低速离心15min,收集上清后用0.45μm滤膜过滤,获得粗病毒颗粒,将粗病毒颗粒在4℃下20000rpm超速离心2h,获得纯化后的pLVX-CD59-EGFP慢病毒颗粒。
将293AD细胞培养在六孔板中,在细胞培养液中加入2μL病毒,感染12h,在感染48h后加入嘌呤霉素筛选阳性细胞。利用无限稀释法筛选稳定表达CD59-EGFP的单细胞克隆。
3.利用CCK8方法评价甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)的细胞毒性
EMS是诱导细胞致突变的阳性化合物,在本实施例中作为阳性测试无。在96孔板中培养293AD-CD59-EGFP细胞,在细胞培养液中加入9种不同浓度的EMS,浓度分别为1μg/mL、10μg/mL、30μg/mL、100μg/mL、300μg/mL、1000μg/mL、3000μg/mL、10000μg/mL、30000μg/mL。培养24h、48h、72h,利用CCK8法检测细胞活性。
4.利用高内涵成像系统检测细胞荧光表达。
在黑色底透的96孔板中培养293AD-CD59-EGFP细胞,依据EMS对293AD-CD59-EGFP细胞的细胞毒性CCK8分析结构,选择30μg/mL、100μg/mL、300μg/mL、1000μg/mL四个剂量处理细胞,并利用高内涵成像系统检测293AD-CD59-EGFP细胞荧光强度。
结果
图1展示了获得的稳定表达CD59-EGFP融合蛋白的293AD-CD59-EGFP细胞的荧光图像,其中荧光集中出现在细胞膜部分,证实细胞模型构建成功。
图2至图4显示了用不同浓度的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理本申请实施例的重组哺乳动物细胞24h、48h、72h后的CCK8细胞增殖测试结果。如图所示,EMS对于细胞增殖的毒性具有剂量效应,300μg/mL及更大剂量都能显著诱导细胞毒性。随着处理时间延长,300μg/mL和1000μg/mL EMS的细胞毒性显著增加。
依据EMS的CCK8细胞增殖测试结果,发明人选择两个细胞毒性不明显的浓度(30μg/mL和100μg/mL)以及两个产生较明显细胞毒性的浓度(300μg/mL和1000μg/mL)处理细胞,结果发现,在将测得的细胞荧光强度针对CCK8细胞增殖测试结果进行标准化后,处理组的荧光强度低于未处理组,并表现出一定的剂量依赖效应,证实本申请构建的评价模型是成功的。
可以理解,尽管本申请以上述具体形式描述了所涉及的发明,但这些发明并不局限于这些具体形式描述的特定内容。对本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不偏离本申请所描述的发明精神的前提下,还可对其中所涉及的发明包含的技术特征进行各种等同变化,这些变化都应该属于所述发明的范围之内。
序列表
<110> 北京市疾病预防控制中心
<120> 评价化学品致突变性的工具和方法
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caggagcgca ccatcttctt caaggacgac ggcaactaca agacccgcgc cgaggtgaag 780
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ggcaacatcc tggggcacaa gctggagtac aactacaaca gccacaacgt ctatatcatg 900
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Claims (10)
1.重组哺乳动物细胞,其经过工程改造而表达包含CD59和荧光蛋白的融合蛋白。
2.如权利要求1所述的重组细胞,其中所述重组哺乳动物细胞是对选自以下的细胞工程改造获得的:293AD细胞、HEK细胞、CHO细胞、293T细胞、JY细胞、BM92细胞、WIN细胞、MOC细胞、MG细胞、NSO细胞、SP2细胞、BHK细胞、COS细胞、Hep G2细胞、A549细胞、HELA细胞、CVI细胞、COS细胞、R1610细胞、BALBC/3T3细胞、HAK细胞、SP2/O细胞、P3x63-Ag3.653细胞、BFA-1c1BPT细胞、RAJI细胞、HEK293细胞、CHO-K1细胞、CHO-S细胞、CHO/dhfr-细胞或BHK-21细胞。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的重组细胞,其中所述荧光蛋白为绿色荧光蛋白或橙/红色荧光蛋白,例如EGFP、GFP、mGFP5、D2EGFP、多色GFP变体、DsRed、DsRed2、DsRed-express、mRFP1、mCherry或Kaede。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的重组细胞,其中所述CD59和荧光蛋白之间还包含柔性连接子,例如GS型连接子,例如SGSSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(SEQ ID NO:3)、GSGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(SEQ ID NO:4)、GSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGG(SEQ ID NO:5)S、GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(SEQ ID NO:6)、GSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(SEQ ID NO:7)或GGGSGGGSGGGSGGGSGGGS(SEQ ID NO:8)。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的重组细胞,其中编码所述融合蛋白的基因被整合到所述重组哺乳动物细胞的基因组中。
6.评价化学品致突变性的方法,包括以下步骤:
使权利要求1-5中任一项所述的重组哺乳动物细胞与待评价化学品接触;以及
用所述荧光蛋白的激发波长进行激发,在所述荧光蛋白的发射波长下采集所述重组哺乳动物细胞的图像或读取荧光值,其中相比于未与所述待评价化学品接触的所述重组哺乳动物细胞,所述图像中荧光强度的下降或所述荧光值的降低指示所述评价化学品具有致突变性。
7.权利要求1-5中任一项所述的重组哺乳动物细胞在评价化学品致突变性中的用途。
8.融合蛋白,其包含CD59和荧光蛋白,并且在所述CD59和所述荧光蛋白之间任选地包含柔性连接子。
9.编码权利要求8所述的融合蛋白的核酸分子。
10.包含权利要求9所述的核酸分子的载体,例如病毒载体,例如慢病毒、逆转录病毒、腺病毒、腺相关病毒、疱疹病毒、痘病毒、杆状病毒、乳头瘤病毒或乳多泡病毒。
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