CN115710139A - Granular biological organic fertilizer and production process thereof - Google Patents
Granular biological organic fertilizer and production process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A granular bio-organic fertilizer and a production process thereof relate to the technical field of commercial organic fertilizers. In the invention, the production process of the granular bio-organic fertilizer mainly comprises the following steps: crushing the coal cinder into coal cinder particles with proper granularity, and respectively crushing bamboo cinder and straw, and ball-milling bamboo cinder short fibers and straw short fibers with proper length and thickness; mixing appropriate amount of coal slag particles, bamboo slag short fibers, straw short fibers and pig manure, and fermenting and decomposing the mixed materials under a closed condition; soaking aggregate with a porous structure by using a functional microbial inoculum; preparing a proper amount of aggregate and the decomposed material into fertilizer granules with proper granularity by a disc granulator or a roller granulator; and drying the fertilizer particles at a proper temperature to finally obtain a finished product of the granular bio-organic fertilizer. The production process adopted by the invention has the advantage of short fermentation period, and the prepared bio-organic fertilizer particles have strong fertility, good compressive resistance and very convenient storage and transportation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of commercial organic fertilizers, in particular to a granular biological organic fertilizer and a production process thereof.
Background
The high-quality organic fertilizer should meet the following conditions: 1. the fertility is high. 2. No secondary fermentation (i.e. no heat generation in soil) 3, and low content of harmful components. The fermentation process is one of the key factors influencing the quality of the organic fertilizer. To granule fertilizer, the compressive strength of product can produce showing the influence to storing and transportation convenience, therefore also is the index of enterprise's key concern, and under the general condition, the compressive strength of granule fertilizer is guaranteed through drying process, and high temperature stoving is favorable to improving the compressive strength of fertilizer granule.
Chinese patent document CN102010237A discloses a process for producing bio-organic fertilizer by using waste, wherein the production process mainly comprises two-stage fermentation, granulation and drying processes. The two-stage fermentation comprises anaerobic primary fermentation and aerobic secondary fermentation (a biological agent is added in the aerobic fermentation process), the anaerobic fermentation enables a large amount of organic matters and beneficial microbial flora to be reserved in the materials, the biological agent added in the aerobic fermentation process enables the materials to be fully fermented and decomposed, the production period is shortened, and the compression resistance value of finished particles is lower due to the adoption of a low-temperature drying process (below 60 ℃) after granulation.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to improve the production process of the granular bio-organic fertilizer so as to improve the fertilizer efficiency of the product and the compressive strength of fertilizer granules.
In order to realize the purpose, the production process of the granular bio-organic fertilizer mainly comprises the following steps:
1. crushing the coal cinder into coal cinder particles with proper granularity, and respectively crushing bamboo cinder and straw, and ball-milling bamboo cinder short fibers and straw short fibers with proper length and thickness;
2. mixing appropriate amount of coal slag particles, short bamboo slag fibers, short straw fibers and pig manure, and fermenting and decomposing the mixed materials under a closed condition;
3. smashing the waste tortoise shell blocks after the glue boiling into tortoise shell granules with proper granularity, and infiltrating the tortoise shell granules with a functional microbial inoculum to be used as aggregate;
4. preparing a proper amount of aggregate and decomposed materials into fertilizer granules with proper granularity by a disc granulator or a roller granulator;
5. and drying the fertilizer particles at a proper temperature to obtain a finished product of the granular bio-organic fertilizer.
Wherein, in the step one, the granularity of the coal slag particles is 70-150 meshes.
Wherein, in the step one, the lengths of the short bamboo residue fiber and the short straw fiber are 1-1.5 mm.
Wherein, in the third step, the granularity of the tortoise shell particles is 20-30 meshes.
Wherein, in the fourth step, the granularity of the fertilizer particles is 4-5 meshes.
Preferably, in the second step, the water content of the pig manure is 35-45%, and the volume ratio of the coal cinder particles, the short bamboo dreg fibers, the short straw fibers and the pig manure is (1-1.5): (0.5-1): (1.5-2): (14 to 16).
Preferably, in the fourth step, the volume ratio of the aggregate to the decomposed material is 1 (25-30).
In addition, the invention also provides a granular bio-organic fertilizer, and the bio-organic fertilizer granules mainly comprise aggregate, coal slag granules, short bamboo fibers, short straw fibers, decomposed pig manure and functional flora;
the aggregate is formed by smashing waste tortoise shell blocks after glue boiling, has a porous structure, and functional flora is distributed in pores of the aggregate;
the coal slag particles have a porous structure;
the aggregate, the cinder granules, the short bamboo fibers and the short straw fibers form a three-dimensional cross-linked structure, at least part of the short bamboo fibers and the short straw fibers enter pores of the aggregate and the cinder granules, the pores of the aggregate and the cinder granules are not completely filled with decomposed pig manure, and a plurality of micro-chambers with smaller volumes are formed in the pores.
Further, after the bio-organic fertilizer particles are applied to soil, heat preservation and moisture preservation effects can be formed through the capillary action of the short bamboo fibers and the short straw fibers and the micro-chamber, so that favorable conditions are provided for the propagation of functional floras in the bio-organic fertilizer particles.
Wherein the granularity of the aggregate is 20-30 meshes, the granularity of the cinder granules is 70-150 meshes, and the lengths of the short bamboo fibers and the short straw fibers are 1-1.5 mm.
Specifically, the biological organic fertilizer particles are prepared by adopting the production process.
Compared with the traditional organic fertilizer production process, the invention has the advantages that:
firstly, the coal slag particles, the bamboo slag short fibers, the straw short fibers and the pig manure are fermented and decomposed under a closed condition, the coal slag particles have a porous structure and air is stored in micropores of the coal slag particles, and the bamboo slag short fibers and the straw short fibers are added into the pig manure and mixed, so that the structure of a mixed material becomes loose, and the air content in the mixed material is increased. By means of the air stored in the coal cinder granules and the air contained in the loose mixed material, a semi-aerobic fermentation environment (an aerobic microenvironment inside the material and an external anaerobic large environment) can be formed under a closed condition, so that two fermentation forms of aerobic fermentation (aerobic fermentation) and anaerobic fermentation (anaerobic fermentation) are realized in a primary fermentation process, the material rotting period is favorably shortened, the coal cinder granules can be more easily decomposed in the later period through fermentation, the soil cannot be excessively loosened after the organic fertilizer is applied for a long time, and the water retention of the soil is not influenced. Under the formed semi-aerobic fermentation environment, the early-stage aerobic fermentation can quickly raise the temperature of the materials, promote the mineralization and decomposition of organic matters, kill pathogenic bacteria and parasites in the organic matters and form a large amount of humus; in the anaerobic fermentation process of the later stage, the materials are subjected to the aerobic fermentation of the earlier stage, the generation amount of volatile odor substances such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide (the generation of the volatile substances also causes fertilizer efficiency loss) is greatly reduced, the fermentation product takes organic acid as the main component, the organic acid and the short bamboo residue fibers and the short straw fibers (biochar is formed on the surface due to fermentation) act together, arsenic and heavy metal ions in the materials can be fixed in an adsorption and chelation mode, and therefore the content of free harmful elements in the finally obtained organic fertilizer finished product is reduced.
Secondly, tortoise shells (wastes of tortoise-shell glue production enterprises) after glue boiling are smashed into granules, and then soaked by functional microbial inoculum to serve as aggregates (since the glue in the tortoise shells is boiled out to form a porous structure and the tortoise shells are fully cured, secondary fermentation cannot be caused, reproduction of subsequent functional flora is not influenced, and the tortoise shells are easy to decompose), after the fertilizer granules obtained by granulating the tortoise-shell granules serving as the aggregates are dried, the tortoise-shell granules with the larger and smaller particle sizes, aggregate of the tortoise-shell granules and coal cinder granules (with the size smaller than that of the aggregate), bamboo residue short fibers and straw short fibers form a spatial three-dimensional cross-linked structure, part of fibers enter pores of the aggregates and the coal residue granules, due to the existence of the short fibers, the pores of the aggregates and the coal cinder granules are not easy to be completely filled with decomposed pig manure, the decomposed pig manure in the pores is dried and shrunk in the drying process, a plurality of micro-cavities with smaller volumes are formed in the pores by virtue of the self-supporting function of the pore structures and the interweaving function of the short fibers, and after the fertilizer granules are applied to soil, the capillary action of the short fibers and the micro-cavities and the heat-preservation and moisture-retention effects provided by the micro-preservation and the micro-preservation bacteria can provide beneficial conditions for promoting the subsequent fertility and breeding of the subsequent beneficial growth of the fertilizer. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional cross-linked structure formed by the coal slag particles, the aggregate and the short fibers can also improve the compressive strength of the fertilizer particles, so that the particles are not easy to scatter even if cracks are generated by pressing, and are more convenient to store and transport.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the production of the bio-organic fertilizer in the example.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of the compressive strength of organic fertilizer granules prepared in each example and comparative example, wherein A-I are the detection results of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-5 in sequence.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a comparison of lead contents in samples prepared in examples and comparative examples, wherein A to C are the results of measurements in examples 1 to 3, respectively, and E to I are the results of measurements in comparative examples 1 to 5, respectively.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the contents of Cr in samples prepared in examples and comparative examples, wherein A-C are the results of tests in examples 1-3, respectively, and E-I are the results of tests in comparative examples 1-5, respectively.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of the arsenic contents in the samples prepared in examples and comparative examples, wherein A to C are the results of measurements in examples 1 to 3, respectively, and E to I are the results of measurements in comparative examples 1 to 5, respectively.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows the production process flow of the bio-organic fertilizer in each embodiment, and in general, the process for preparing the granular bio-organic fertilizer mainly comprises the following steps:
1. crushing the coal cinder into coal cinder particles with proper granularity, and respectively crushing bamboo cinder and straws, and ball-milling bamboo cinder short fibers and straw short fibers with proper length and thickness;
2. mixing appropriate amount of coal slag particles, bamboo slag short fibers, straw short fibers and pig manure, and fermenting and decomposing the mixed materials under a closed condition;
3. smashing the waste tortoise shell blocks after the glue boiling into tortoise shell granules with proper granularity, and infiltrating the tortoise shell granules with a functional microbial inoculum to be used as aggregate;
4. preparing a proper amount of aggregate and decomposed materials into fertilizer granules with proper granularity by a disc granulator or a roller granulator;
5. and drying the fertilizer particles at a proper temperature to obtain a finished product of the granular bio-organic fertilizer.
To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the following description will further describe the improvement of the present invention over the prior art by combining several embodiments with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
1. Preparing raw materials:
coal slag (purchased in the market, the original source: a power plant from Leishui mountain county in Hunan province), bamboo slag (purchased from a bamboo product factory in Henan Heshan county to be production waste), straw (purchased from an agricultural cooperative society in Henan Heshan county to be mainly rice and corn straw), tortoise shell (purchased from a traditional Chinese medicine production enterprise in Henan Hedong county to be production waste of decocted/discharged glue), and pig manure (purchased from a pig farm in Henan Heshan county).
2. Pretreatment of fermentation materials:
1. the coal slag is crushed into 70 to 150 meshes (about 0.2 to 0.3 mm) of particle size.
2. The bamboo residue and the straws are respectively smashed and then ball-milled into bamboo residue short fibers and straw short fibers with the length of 1-1.5 mm and the proper thickness. Because the physical properties of the bamboo residues and the straws are different, the bamboo residues and the straws should be treated separately. If the materials are directly crushed by a crusher, the obtained materials are too coarse to meet the use requirements, the short bamboo fibers and the short straw fibers processed by a ball milling method (adding a proper amount of ethanol in the ball milling process can shorten the ball milling time and improve the fiber fineness, namely the ball milling time is shorter and the fibers are finer) are finer, and after the fermentation is finished, the thickness of the short fibers can be adapted to or matched with the sizes of coal slag particles and aggregate pores, so that the use requirements are met.
3. And (3) treating the pig manure until the water content is about 35%.
3. Fermentation:
taking 2 barrels of coal slag particles, 1 barrel of bamboo slag short fibers, 3 barrels of straw short fibers and 32 barrels of pig manure by using an ash barrel, stirring and mixing uniformly, transferring and filling the mixed material into a 1# closed fermentation test tank, using the rest material for other purposes, starting to calculate the time consumed in the fermentation process after checking that an exhaust valve of the tank body works normally, observing the color and the form change of the material in the tank through an observation window and recording the temperature change in the tank in the fermentation process, and when the temperature of the material is reduced to below 35 ℃ from the highest point and is continuously kept for more than 72 hours (the material is considered to be fermented and thoroughly decomposed at the moment), measuring the environmental temperature of 27-35 ℃ in the fermentation period, and measuring the total time consumed in the fermentation to be about 28 days.
4. Aggregate pretreatment:
the tortoise shell blocks are smashed into the granularity of 20-30 meshes (about 0.6-0.8 mm), the obtained tortoise shell granules are soaked for more than half a day by using a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum (a commercial product is diluted by adding a proper amount of water, and other types of functional microbial inoculants can be inoculated according to needs), and the tortoise shell granules are used as granulation aggregate after inoculation.
5. And (3) granulation:
taking 1 barrel of aggregate and 30 barrels of decomposed materials by an ash barrel, making the aggregate and the decomposed materials into fertilizer granules by a disc granulator (or granulating by a roller granulator, and an extrusion granulator is most likely to cause crushed aggregates and coal cinder particles, and cannot be granulated by the extrusion granulator), and screening organic fertilizer granules with the granularity of 4-5 meshes (about 5-7 mm) as qualified semi-finished products to enter the next procedure.
6. And (3) drying:
and drying the screened fertilizer particles at 40-50 ℃ until the water content is lower than 12% to obtain the finished product of the granular biological organic fertilizer.
7. And (3) detecting the compressive strength and harmful substances:
1. and (3) testing the compressive strength: the compressive strength of 30 fertilizer granules was measured by an expansion-compression tester, and the results are shown in FIG. 2, which is an average value.
2. Grinding organic fertilizer particles to be detected into powder, soaking the powder in deionized water with equal mass for 24h, eluting filter residues with deionized water for 3 times, collecting filtrate, and determining the content of lead, chromium and arsenic in the filtrate, wherein the detection result is shown in figures 3-5.
Example 2
1. Preparing raw materials:
the starting materials used in this example were the same as in example 1.
2. Pretreatment of fermentation materials:
this example was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 for the pretreatment of the fermentation material.
3. Fermentation:
taking 3 barrels of coal slag particles, 2 barrels of bamboo slag short fibers, 4 barrels of straw short fibers and 28 barrels of pig manure by using an ash bucket, stirring and mixing uniformly, transferring and filling a 2# closed fermentation test tank with the mixed material, and taking the residual material for other use. And (3) after checking that the exhaust valve of the tank body works normally, starting to calculate the time consumption of the fermentation process, observing the color and form change of the materials in the tank through an observation window and recording the temperature change in the tank in the fermentation process, and when the temperature of the materials is reduced to below 35 ℃ from the highest point and is continuously kept for more than 72 hours (at the moment, the materials are considered to be fermented and decomposed completely), measuring the environmental temperature of 27-35 ℃ during the fermentation process, and measuring the total time consumption of the fermentation to be about 29.5 days. Aggregate pretreatment:
4. the aggregate pretreatment method is the same as in example 1, and is not repeated.
5. And (3) granulation:
taking 1 barrel of aggregate and 28 barrels of decomposed materials by an ash barrel, preparing the aggregate and the decomposed materials into fertilizer granules by a disc granulator, screening organic fertilizer granules with the granularity of 4-5 meshes (about 5-7 mm) as qualified semi-finished products, and entering the next procedure.
6. And (3) drying:
and (3) ventilating and drying the screened fertilizer particles at 40-50 ℃ until the water content is lower than 12%, thus obtaining the finished product of the granular biological organic fertilizer.
7. And (3) detecting the compressive strength and harmful substances:
the compression strength and the harmful material were measured in the same manner as in example 1, and the results of the compression strength test are shown in FIG. 2, and the harmful material test is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
Example 3
1. Preparing raw materials:
the starting materials used in this example were the same as in example 1.
2. Pretreatment of fermentation materials:
this example was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 for the pretreatment of the fermentation material.
3. Fermentation:
taking 2 barrels of half coal slag particles, 1 barrel of half bamboo slag short fibers, 3 barrels of half straw short fibers and 30 barrels of pig manure by using an ash bucket, stirring and mixing uniformly, transferring and filling the mixed materials into a 3# closed fermentation test tank, and taking the rest materials for other use. And after checking that the exhaust valve of the tank body works normally, calculating the time consumption of the fermentation process, observing the color and form change of the material in the tank through an observation window and recording the temperature change in the tank in the fermentation process, and when the temperature of the material is reduced to below 35 ℃ from the highest point and is continuously kept for more than 72 hours (at the moment, the material is considered to be fermented and decomposed completely), measuring the environmental temperature of 27-35 ℃ in the fermentation period, and measuring the total time consumption of the fermentation to be about 27 days.
4. Aggregate pretreatment:
the aggregate pretreatment method is the same as in example 1, and is not repeated.
5. And (3) granulation:
taking 1 barrel of aggregate and 25 barrels of decomposed materials by an ash barrel, preparing the aggregate and the decomposed materials into fertilizer granules by a disc granulator, screening organic fertilizer granules with the granularity of 4-5 meshes (about 5-7 mm) as qualified semi-finished products, and entering the next procedure.
6. And (3) drying:
and (3) ventilating and drying the screened fertilizer particles at 40-50 ℃ until the water content is lower than 12%, thus obtaining the finished product of the granular biological organic fertilizer.
7. And (3) detecting the compressive strength and harmful substances:
the compression strength and the harmful material were measured in the same manner as in example 1, and the results of the compression strength test are shown in FIG. 2, and the harmful material test is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
Example 4
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is mainly that the volume ratio of the aggregate to the decomposed material is 1. This example was tested for compressive strength only and the results are shown in figure 2.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is different from example 1 mainly in that when the fermented material is pretreated, bamboo residues and straws are smashed into strips with the length of 1-1.5 mm by a smashing machine (the smashed strips are not one piece of superfine short fiber, but one piece of short strip, and the short strips can be regarded as fiber bundles consisting of a plurality of fibers), the rest of operation steps are completely consistent with example 1, and about 31 days is recorded when the fermentation is completed.
The compression strength and the harmful material were measured in the same manner as in example 1, and the results of the compression strength test are shown in FIG. 2, and the harmful material test is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example differs from example 1 mainly in that the fermented material does not contain coal slag particles, the other conditions are the same as example 1, and the total time taken for fermentation completion is recorded to be about 34d. The results of the compression strength test of the fertilizer granules prepared in this comparative example are shown in FIG. 2, and the detection of harmful substances is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is different from example 1 mainly in that the fermented material does not contain bamboo residue short fiber and straw short fiber, the other conditions are the same as example 1, and the total time consumed for completing the fermentation is recorded to be about 30.5 days. The results of the compression strength test of the fertilizer granules prepared in this comparative example are shown in FIG. 2, and the detection of harmful substances is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example is different from example 1 mainly in that 70-150 mesh cinder granules obtained by crushing cinder are used for replacing tortoise shell granules to inoculate bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus bud and bud strains as granulation aggregates during granulation, and the rest conditions are the same as example 1. The results of the compression strength test of the fertilizer granules prepared in this comparative example are shown in FIG. 2, and the detection of harmful substances is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
Comparative example 5
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the bacillus subtilis and the jelly-like bud bacillus strain (diluted by water) are directly inoculated on the fermentation material in a spraying mode, and the fermentation material is directly granulated without aggregate during granulation. The results of the compression strength test of the fertilizer granules prepared in this comparative example are shown in FIG. 2, and the detection of harmful substances is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
From the results of the compressive strength tests of examples 1 to 3 and example 4, it can be seen that although the content of the aggregate is higher in example 4, the compressive strength is lower because the content of the decomposed material is too low so that the amount of the short fiber forming a spatial three-dimensional cross-linked structure with the aggregate is less, thereby causing the connection strength between the aggregates and the decomposed material to be low, and the fertilizer particles are cracked under the test pressure.
As can be seen from the time consumption of the fermentation processes of example 1 and comparative example 1, the fermentation process of comparative example 1 is significantly longer than that of example 1, presumably because the loose structure formed by the crushed short crumbs is poor, the increase of the oxygen content in the fermentation material is limited, and a semi-aerobic fermentation environment satisfying the conditions cannot be formed. Meanwhile, on the premise that a leavening agent is not added (fermentation bacteria are not added in all the above examples and comparative examples), the bamboo sawdust is difficult to be decomposed, which also results in prolonging the fermentation period to a certain extent. As can be seen from the results of the compression strength tests of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1, the compression strength of comparative example 1 is significantly lower than that of examples 1-3, which may be caused by that the pulverized short crumbs in comparative example 1 are too coarse to form a spatial three-dimensional cross-linked structure with aggregates and cinder granules, resulting in a lower compression strength of fertilizer granules.
It can be seen from the time consumption of the fermentation processes of example 1 and comparative example 2 that the influence of the addition of the porous coal cinder particles in the fermentation material on the fermentation period is obvious, and it is presumed that the reason for the longer fermentation period of comparative example 2 is that the increase of the oxygen content in the fermentation material due to the loose structure formed by the short fibers alone is limited (a semi-aerobic fermentation environment satisfying the conditions cannot be formed), and the earlier aerobic fermentation time is too short in the fermentation process, so that the material rotting time is longer. As can be seen from the results of the compressive strength tests of examples 1-3 and comparative example 2, the compressive strength of the fertilizer granules is obviously reduced without the coal slag particles, and the reason for the difference is probably that the crosslinked structure is formed only between the short fibers and the aggregate in the granules due to the lack of participation of the coal slag particles, and the formed crosslinked structure has limited improvement on the compressive strength due to the limited content of the aggregate, so that the results of the compressive strength tests are obviously reduced.
As can be seen from the time-consuming fermentation processes of the example 1 and the comparative example 3, although the fermentation material in the comparative example 3 does not contain short fibers (bamboo residue short fibers and straw short fibers), the fermentation time is rather long, and presumably because the fermentation material fails to form a loose structure, the oxygen content of the material is low (only air is stored in coal residue particles), a semi-aerobic fermentation environment meeting the conditions cannot be formed, and the material rotting period is long due to too short early aerobic fermentation time. As can be seen from the results of the compressive strength tests of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 3, comparative example 3 has significantly lower compressive strength than examples 1 to 3 because of the absence of the crosslinked structure formed by the short fibers. From the results of detecting harmful substances in examples 1-3 and comparative example 3, it can be seen that in comparative example 3, because the fermentation material lacks short fibers, the content of free lead and chromium therein is significantly higher than that in examples 1-3, probably because in examples 1-3, in a semi-aerobic fermentation environment, the early aerobic fermentation can rapidly raise the temperature of the material to form a large amount of humus, and in the later anaerobic fermentation process, the fermentation product mainly contains organic acid, and the organic acid, the short fibers of bamboo residue and the short fibers of straw (biochar formed by fermentation on the surface) act together, and can fix arsenic and heavy metal ions in the material in an adsorption and chelation manner, thereby reducing the content of free harmful elements in the final organic fertilizer product.
As can be seen from the results of the tests of the compressive strength of example 1 and comparative examples 4 to 5, the compressive strength of example 1 is significantly better than that of comparative examples 4 to 5, and the reasons for the above differences are explained in the comparative analysis of the test results of other comparative examples and will not be described in detail.
According to the test results and analysis, the coal slag particles, the bamboo slag short fibers, the straw short fibers and the pig manure are fermented and decomposed under a closed condition, the coal slag particles have a porous structure and air is stored in micropores of the coal slag particles, and the bamboo slag short fibers and the straw short fibers are added into the pig manure and mixed, so that the structure of the mixed material becomes loose, and the air content in the mixed material is increased. By means of the air stored in the coal slag particles and the air contained in the loose mixed material, a semi-aerobic fermentation environment with an aerobic microenvironment inside the material and an anaerobic large environment outside the material can be formed under a closed condition, so that two fermentation forms of aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation are realized in the process of one-time fermentation, the material maturity period is shortened, the coal slag particles used as industrial production waste are easier to decompose after fermentation, and the organic fertilizer cannot cause the soil to be too loose after long-term application, and cannot influence the water retention of the soil. In addition, in the fermentation process, organic acid generated by later-stage fermentation can act together with biochar formed by fermentation on the surfaces of the short bamboo residue fibers and the short straw fibers, and arsenic and heavy metal ions in the materials are fixed in an adsorption and chelation mode, so that the content of free harmful elements in the finally obtained organic fertilizer finished product is reduced. On the basis, tortoise shells (wastes of tortoise-shell glue production enterprises) which are boiled are smashed into particles, and then are soaked by functional microbial inoculum to be used as aggregate, because the colloid in the tortoise shells forms a porous structure after being boiled out and the tortoise shells are fully cured, the propagation of subsequent functional flora is not influenced and the tortoise shells are more easily decomposed after secondary fermentation in soil, after fertilizer particles obtained by granulating by taking tortoise-shell particles as the aggregate are dried, the tortoise-shell particle aggregate with a larger particle size and a smaller particle size, coal slag particles, bamboo slag short fibers and straw short fibers form a spatial three-dimensional cross-linked structure, part of fibers enter pores of the aggregate and the coal slag particles, and because of the existence of the short fibers, the pores of the aggregate and the coal slag particles are not completely filled with decomposed pig manure, so that the decomposed pig manure in the pores is dried and shrunk in the drying process, and a plurality of micro-cavities with smaller volumes can be formed in the original pores by virtue of the supporting function of the pore structure and the interweaving function of the short fibers. Although the application does not detect the change of the number of microbial flora after the fertilizer particles prepared in each example and comparative example are applied to the soil, theoretically, based on the structural form of the fertilizer particles prepared in the above examples, the capillary action of the short fibers and the heat preservation and moisture preservation effects provided by the micro cavities can provide favorable conditions (the bacillus subtilis likes heat and moisture) for the propagation of functional flora (such as the inoculated bacillus subtilis in the examples) after the fertilizer particles are applied to the soil, so that the exertion and the improvement of the fertility are promoted. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional cross-linked structure formed by the coal slag particles, the aggregate and the short fibers obviously improves the compressive strength of the fertilizer particles, the prepared organic fertilizer particles are not easy to scatter even if cracks are generated by compression, and the fertilizer is more convenient to store and transport.
The above embodiments are preferred implementations of the present invention, and besides, the present invention can be implemented in other ways, and any obvious substitutions without departing from the concept of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The production process of the granular bio-organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1. crushing the coal cinder into coal cinder particles with proper granularity, and respectively crushing bamboo cinder and straw, and ball-milling bamboo cinder short fibers and straw short fibers with proper length and thickness;
2. mixing appropriate amount of coal slag particles, bamboo slag short fibers, straw short fibers and pig manure, and fermenting and decomposing the mixed materials under a closed condition;
3. smashing the waste tortoise shell blocks after the glue boiling into tortoise shell granules with proper granularity, and infiltrating the tortoise shell granules with a functional microbial inoculum to be used as aggregate;
4. preparing a proper amount of aggregate and decomposed materials into fertilizer granules with proper granularity by a disc granulator or a roller granulator;
5. and drying the fertilizer particles at a proper temperature to obtain a finished product of the granular bio-organic fertilizer.
2. The production process of the granular bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the granularity of the coal slag particles is 70-150 meshes.
3. The production process of the granular bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the lengths of the bamboo residue short fibers and the straw short fibers are 1-1.5 mm.
4. The production process of the granular bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the granularity of the tortoise shell particles is 20-30 meshes.
5. The production process of the granular bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the granularity of the fertilizer particles is 4-5 meshes.
6. The production process of the granular bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the water content of the pig manure is 35-45%, and the volume ratio of the coal cinder particles, the bamboo dreg short fibers, the straw short fibers and the pig manure is (1-1.5): (0.5-1): (1.5-2): (14 to 16).
7. The production process of the granular bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the volume ratio of the aggregate to the decomposed material is 1 (25-30).
8. A granular bio-organic fertilizer is characterized in that: the biological organic fertilizer particles mainly comprise aggregate, coal slag particles, short bamboo fibers, short straw fibers, decomposed pig manure and functional flora;
the aggregate is formed by smashing waste tortoise shell blocks after glue boiling, has a porous structure, and functional flora is distributed in pores of the aggregate;
the coal slag particles have a porous structure;
the aggregate, the cinder granules, the short bamboo fibers and the short straw fibers form a three-dimensional cross-linked structure, at least part of the short bamboo fibers and the short straw fibers enter pores of the aggregate and the cinder granules, the pores of the aggregate and the cinder granules are not completely filled with decomposed pig manure, and a plurality of micro-chambers with smaller volumes are formed in the pores.
9. The granular bio-organic fertilizer of claim 8, wherein: after the bio-organic fertilizer particles are applied to soil, heat preservation and moisture preservation effects are formed through the capillary action of the short bamboo fibers and the short straw fibers and the micro-chamber, and favorable conditions are provided for the propagation of functional floras in the bio-organic fertilizer particles.
10. The granular bio-organic fertilizer of claim 8, wherein: the granularity of the aggregate is 20-30 meshes, the granularity of the coal slag particles is 70-150 meshes, and the lengths of the short bamboo fibers and the short straw fibers are 1-1.5 mm; preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer particles are prepared by the production process of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN105237069A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2016-01-13 | 何小宁 | Method for preparing ecological organic fertilizer by using coal residue fermentation |
| CN108821897A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-11-16 | 无锡国联环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of sludge aerobic fermented manure technique and system |
| CN109553500A (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2019-04-02 | 广西红鹰肥业有限公司 | A kind of universal organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof adjusting acid soil |
| CN109748605A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-05-14 | 自贡佳禾新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of bamboo residue organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN109851441A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-06-07 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of environment-friendly fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105237069A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2016-01-13 | 何小宁 | Method for preparing ecological organic fertilizer by using coal residue fermentation |
| CN109748605A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-05-14 | 自贡佳禾新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of bamboo residue organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108821897A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-11-16 | 无锡国联环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of sludge aerobic fermented manure technique and system |
| CN109553500A (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2019-04-02 | 广西红鹰肥业有限公司 | A kind of universal organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof adjusting acid soil |
| CN109851441A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-06-07 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of environment-friendly fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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