CN108315354B - Method for preparing biochar by utilizing straw saccharification residues and application of biochar prepared by same - Google Patents
Method for preparing biochar by utilizing straw saccharification residues and application of biochar prepared by same Download PDFInfo
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- CN108315354B CN108315354B CN201810246024.3A CN201810246024A CN108315354B CN 108315354 B CN108315354 B CN 108315354B CN 201810246024 A CN201810246024 A CN 201810246024A CN 108315354 B CN108315354 B CN 108315354B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P3/00—Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/04—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/14—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase
Abstract
The invention discloses biochar prepared from straw saccharification residues and application of the biochar as a soil conditioner. Belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of crop waste straws and preparation of biochar. The method comprises the following steps: crushing the straws; treating the straw powder particles by using cellulase through a saccharification process; after the treatment is finished, collecting saccharification residues through centrifugation or sieving; the dried saccharified residue, whose main component is lignin, is used as a raw material for producing biochar; the method for preparing the biochar from the saccharification residues comprises the steps of placing the obtained saccharification residues in heating equipment, and treating for not less than 2 hours and more at 300-600 ℃ in an anaerobic environment to finally obtain the biochar. The biochar obtained by the method can be used as a soil conditioner, is superior to biochar directly prepared from straws, can improve the economic value of straw resource, and further reduces and even achieves the carbon dioxide zero emission of straw resource utilization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive utilization method of crop waste straws, in particular to a method for preparing biochar by using straws and application of the biochar prepared by the method, which are applied to the technical field of treatment methods for recycling the crop waste straws and reducing carbon dioxide emission.
Background
Lignocellulose is the most widely occurring biomass on earth, including trees, straw, and wood waste, among others. The lignocellulose is effectively converted into energy, materials and chemicals, so that the dependence of human beings on petroleum can be reduced, and the emission of carbon dioxide can be reduced. Currently, much research is being done to convert lignocellulose into bioenergy (e.g., ethanol) and biochar.
Crop straws are produced by 7 hundred million tons every year in China, but the straws are not fully utilized, and a lot of environmental problems are caused by the incineration of the straws, for example, the straw incineration is one of the causes of haze formation. The straw is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The straw can be converted into useful substances through a biorefinery process. However, due to the complex structure of the straw, the biotransformation requires multiple pretreatment processes and the synergistic effect of multiple enzymes, so that the biotransformation cost of the straw is high. Therefore, if high value-added products of the straws can be found and efficiently recovered from the straws, the economic value of the straws can be greatly improved, thereby solving the difficult problem of straw treatment. On the other hand, the major utilization in biorefinery is the cellulose and hemicellulose in the straw, such as the saccharification residue produced in the process of producing bioethanol from straw, whose main component is lignin. These saccharification residues are difficult to be further biodegraded and decomposed due to the stable nature of lignin. However, if the saccharification residue is made into biochar, the biochar can be used as a high value-added product, and the bioconversion cost of the straw is further reduced, which becomes a technical problem to be solved.
The biochar made of the straws can be applied to soil improvement, and the biochar also has the carbon sequestration effect. However, the effect of this biochar on the carbon sequestration capacity of the soil is uncertain, and on the one hand it enhances the carbon dioxide uptake by the soil. On the other hand, it releases some organic substances which also enhance soil respiration, so that the carbon dioxide released by the whole soil also rises. During the process of making biochar from straw, a portion of the carbon is lost and forms materials such as tar gas. Of the three main components of straw, lignin is the most stable in its pyrolytic properties, and below 900 ℃, its decomposition is not only difficult but also slow. Therefore, if biochar is produced from raw materials with high lignin content, the properties of the biochar should be more stable, e.g. less organic matter is released in the soil environment. And less carbon is lost during the preparation process. Therefore, the method for preparing the biochar by using the saccharification residues not only solves the treatment of the saccharification residues, but also converts the saccharification residues into products with high added values; moreover, the biochar prepared by the method is used for soil improvement, the effect of the biochar is possibly better than that of biochar prepared by directly preparing straws, and the current situations that the utilization of straw biological resources is insufficient and the effect is poor can be changed. The main problems of the existing straw bio-refining are that the cost of the cellulase is high, and the added value of the prepared product is not ideal enough.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for preparing biochar by utilizing straw saccharification residues and application of the biochar prepared by the method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing biochar by utilizing straw saccharification residues comprises the following steps:
a. crushing the straws to obtain straw particles with the particle size not larger than 1 mm; preferably, the straw is any one of straw of rice, wheat, barley and corn or a mixed raw material of straw of a plurality of crops;
b. treating the straw particles prepared in the step a through a saccharification process by using cellulase;
c. after the saccharification process treatment in the step b is finished, collecting saccharification residues through centrifugation or screening;
d. c, drying the saccharification residue obtained in the step c, wherein the main component of the dried saccharification residue is lignin, and the saccharification residue is used as a raw material for preparing biochar for later use;
e. and d, placing the dried saccharified residue obtained in the step d into heating equipment, and carrying out high-temperature treatment at the temperature of 300-600 ℃ for not less than 2 hours in an anaerobic environment to finally obtain the biochar, namely preparing the biochar from the saccharified residue. Preferably, the saccharification residue is subjected to high-temperature treatment at 500-600 ℃ for not less than 2 hours to prepare the biochar.
The invention relates to application of biochar prepared by a method for preparing biochar by utilizing straw saccharification residues, and the prepared biochar is used as a soil conditioner.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious and prominent substantive characteristics and remarkable advantages:
1. the method overcomes the main problem of high cost of cellulase used in straw biorefinery in the prior art, and prepares the saccharification residues into the biochar, thereby not only solving the problem of treatment of the saccharification residues and converting the saccharification residues into products with high added values;
2. the biochar prepared by the method is used for soil improvement, and the effect of the biochar is possibly better than that of biochar prepared by directly preparing straws;
3. the invention can improve the economic value of straw resource, and further reduce and even achieve the carbon dioxide zero emission of straw resource utilization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the carbon content of biochar prepared under different temperature treatment conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The above-described scheme is further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments, which are detailed below:
the first embodiment is as follows:
in this embodiment, a method for preparing biochar by using straw saccharification residues comprises the following steps:
a. the rice straw is from Shanghai Chongming island, the rice straw is dried at 60 ℃, and is coarsely ground by a grinder, and the rice straw is ground to the grain size of 1mm, so that straw particles are obtained;
b. b, adding cellulase into the straw powder particles after coarse grinding in the step a, saccharifying the mixture for 24 hours in a shaking table at the temperature of 30 ℃ and at the speed of 200 r/min, and treating the straw powder particles by utilizing the cellulase through a saccharification process to obtain a product mixture;
c. after the saccharification process treatment in the step b is completed, centrifuging or screening the product mixture to collect saccharification residues;
d. c, drying the saccharification residue obtained in the step c at 60 ℃, wherein the main component of the dried saccharification residue is lignin, and the saccharification residue is used as a raw material for preparing biochar for later use;
e. and d, placing the dried saccharified residue obtained in the step d into a tubular furnace heating device, and performing high-temperature treatment for 2 hours at 300 ℃, 500 ℃ and 600 ℃ respectively in an anaerobic environment to finally obtain the biochar prepared under different temperature treatment conditions.
A series of biochar prepared in this example was used as a sample, in contrast to biochar prepared directly from straw after coarse grinding only. The carbon content of the biochar prepared from the saccharification residues can be obtained by detecting the carbon content of each biochar through a total organic carbon analyzer.
The analysis result of this example: the charcoal has the characteristics of high carbon content and stability. As shown in fig. 1, in the process of preparing biochar prepared in this example, the carbon content of the prepared biochar is different due to the difference of the preparation temperature, and the carbon content is increased as the preparation temperature is increased. According to the research results at home and abroad, the higher the treatment temperature of the biochar is, the better the biochar is. In FIG. 1, the carbon content of the biochar prepared from the saccharification residue is higher than that of the biochar directly prepared from straws at the same temperature at 500 ℃ and 600 ℃. Furthermore, the carbon content of the biochar prepared from the saccharification residue is not greatly different at 500 ℃ and 600 ℃. And similar effect can be achieved only by directly preparing the biochar from the straws at 600 ℃. This may mean that the saccharified residue can be made into high quality biochar even at 500 ℃, and the energy consumption is less than that of biochar made directly from straw, which is also significant.
Example two:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, and is characterized in that:
for carbon calculation in the process of preparing the biochar from different materials, the following experimental method is adopted for test analysis: biochar was prepared at 500 ℃ using the method of example one. The components of the rice straw, the saccharified liquid thereof and the saccharified residue were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. And the carbon content of each substance is detected by combining a total organic carbon analyzer.
The analysis result of this example: in the experiment, the mass of each substance in 100g of rice straw is as follows by weight based on carbon: the rice straw is 56g carbon; the polysaccharide component in the rice straw is 22g of carbon; the polysaccharide component in the saccharification liquid under the saccharification conditions of this example was 12g of carbon; the saccharification residue was 44g carbon; the biochar prepared from the saccharification residue was 27g carbon; the biochar directly prepared from the straw is also 27g of carbon. It can be seen that saccharification reduces the polysaccharides in the straw, but does not affect the amount of biochar produced by weight of carbon. That is, even if the components such as polysaccharide in the straw are not obtained through the saccharification process, carbon in the part of the components is basically lost in the preparation process of the biochar. If the carbon loss is calculated by carbon dioxide, the emission of the carbon dioxide is reduced by 41 percent compared with the method of directly preparing the biochar by straws after saccharification.
Example three:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the previous embodiment, and is characterized in that:
the effect of the biochar prepared from the saccharification residues as a soil conditioner is analyzed and tested by adopting the following experimental method: biochar was prepared using the method of experiment 1 at 600 ℃. The amount of substance released by the biochar after it was added to water in an amount of 0.01% was determined. Adding 0.01% of charcoal into soil leaching solution, and standing in a shaking table at 30 deg.C and 200 rpm for 18 days to influence total organic carbon in soil leaching solution.
The experimental results are as follows: after the biochar prepared from the saccharification residue is added into water, the increment of the total soluble solid concentration is basically 0; after the biochar directly prepared from the straws is added into water, the increase of the total dissolved solid concentration is about 42 mg/L. Adding the biochar into the soil leaching liquor for 18 days, and adding the saccharification residue to prepare a biochar sample, wherein the total organic carbon of the biochar sample is increased by about 70%; and the total organic carbon of the sample of the biochar directly prepared by adding the straws is increased by about 50 percent. From the results, the biochar prepared from the saccharification residues can effectively improve the total organic carbon content of the soil, and the biochar prepared from the straws directly releases organic and inorganic substances into the soil. For soils, an increase in the total organic content is generally more important.
In a word, the biochar prepared from the straw saccharification residues prepared by the embodiment of the invention can be applied as a soil conditioner, so that the comprehensive utilization of crop waste straws is realized. The embodiment prepares the saccharification residues of the straws into the biochar which can be used as a high value-added product, thereby reducing the bioconversion cost of the straws. Of the three main components of straw, lignin is the most stable in its pyrolytic properties, and below 900 ℃, its decomposition is not only difficult but also slow. Other embodiments of the invention produce biochar from raw materials with high lignin content, which biochar should be more stable in its properties, e.g., less organic matter is released in the soil environment. And less carbon is lost during the preparation process. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention prepares the biochar by the saccharification residue, which not only solves the treatment of the saccharification residue and converts the saccharification residue into a high value-added product; moreover, the prepared biochar is used for soil improvement, and the effect of the biochar is possibly better than that of biochar prepared by directly preparing straws.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations or simplifications made according to the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in an equivalent manner without departing from the technical principles and inventive concept of the method for preparing bio-char from straw saccharification residue and the application of the bio-char prepared thereby.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preparing biochar by utilizing straw saccharification residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. crushing the straws to obtain straw particles with the particle size not larger than 1 mm;
b. treating the straw particles prepared in the step a through a saccharification process by using cellulase;
c. after the saccharification process treatment in the step b is finished, collecting saccharification residues through centrifugation or screening;
d. c, drying the saccharification residue obtained in the step c, wherein the main component of the dried saccharification residue is lignin, and the saccharification residue is used as a raw material for preparing biochar for later use;
e. and d, placing the dried saccharified residue obtained in the step d into heating equipment, and carrying out high-temperature treatment at 500-600 ℃ for not less than 2 hours in an anaerobic environment to finally obtain the biochar.
2. The method for preparing biochar by utilizing straw saccharification residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, the straws are any one of straws of rice, wheat, barley and corn or a mixture of straws of various crops.
3. The application of the biochar prepared by the method for preparing the biochar by utilizing the straw saccharification residues as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the prepared biochar is used as a soil conditioner.
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| CN111357868B (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-09-17 | 四川农业大学 | Method for simultaneously preparing modified biochar and liquid feed by using corn straws |
| CN114558575B (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2023-08-15 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for preparing biochar bimetallic catalyst and lignin fluorescent carbon dots by straw classification and water treatment application thereof |
| CN115092904A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-09-23 | 上海大学 | Method for improving proportion of persistent functional groups on surface of biochar, prepared biochar and application of biochar |
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