CN115704437A - 用于减少制动器噪声的防尘片和包括防尘片的制动系统 - Google Patents

用于减少制动器噪声的防尘片和包括防尘片的制动系统 Download PDF

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CN115704437A
CN115704437A CN202210956847.1A CN202210956847A CN115704437A CN 115704437 A CN115704437 A CN 115704437A CN 202210956847 A CN202210956847 A CN 202210956847A CN 115704437 A CN115704437 A CN 115704437A
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dust
layers
brake
disc
dust cover
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哈特姆·沙欣
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HL Mando Corp
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Mando Corp
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种被构造用于减少制动器噪声的用于车辆制动器的防尘片、一种包括防尘片的盘式制动系统以及一种用于制造防尘片的方法，其中防尘片至少在区段中包括两个或更多个层。

Description

用于减少制动器噪声的防尘片和包括防尘片的制动系统
技术领域
本申请属于机械工程领域，特别是汽车工程领域。本申请涉及一种用于车辆制动器的防尘片和一种包括这种防尘片的制动系统，该防尘片被构造用于减少制动器噪声。
背景技术
减少制动器噪声长期以来是研究和开发的主题，用于减少噪声的已知方法包括例如采用了新颖材料的改进制动片设计，或者在制动片上设置倒角。
然而，即使更昂贵的解决方案也没有产生完全令人满意的结果，因此本发明的目的是提出一种用于以低成本且有效的方式进一步减少制动器噪声的解决方案。
发明内容
该目的通过根据本申请的防尘片来实现，该目的还通过根据本申请的制动系统或根据本申请的制造防尘片的方法来实现。
因此，用于车辆制动器的防尘片被构造用于减少制动器噪声，其中所述防尘片至少在区段中包括两个或更多个层。
两个或更多个层表示用于衰减从车辆制动器出现的空气传播的声音(airbornesound)的功能性布置。如将在下面解释的，可以调整和构造这些层以优化阻尼。特别地，层的数量和/或它们的材料和/或它们与另一层的距离和/或它们的厚度可以被调整以用于有效的阻尼。
防尘片是已知的制动组件，防尘片应该保护其它制动组件免受灰尘、小石子或其它异物的影响。发明人认识到，用于减少制动器噪声的已知解决方案关注于减少振动或结构传播的(structure-borne)声音。在完全避开这些方法的情况下，发明人认识到，空气传播的声音的减少表示对已知方法的有效替代或补充，而这已被忽视。
例如，防尘片至少在区段中可以具有总共两个层或总共三个层或总共四个层。
在其中布置了若干个层的区段中，两个或更多个层可以彼此平面平行地布置。这两个或更多个层可以限定防尘片的片状延伸部。
在防尘片的实施例中，两个或更多个层中的至少两个相邻层可以被布置成彼此相距一定距离，以在这些层之间形成一个或多个腔体。例如，这些腔体中的至少一个腔体的宽度可以是至少0.1mm或至少0.2mm和/或至多0.5mm或至多0.3mm。
在防尘片的实施例中，一个或多个网状物(web)可以在一个或多个腔体中的至少一个腔体内延伸。网状物可以被布置成连接两个相邻层。网状物可以改善防尘片的阻尼行为和/或稳定性。
在实施例中，防尘片可以包括尺寸彼此不同的至少两个网状物。特别地，不同尺寸的至少两个网状物可以布置在相同的腔体内，即，连接相同的一对相邻层。
在实施例中，防尘片可以包括材料彼此不同的至少两个网状物。特别地，不同材料的至少两个网状物可以布置在相同的腔体内，即，连接相同的一对相邻层。
在一些实施例中，网状物可以具有规则或不规则的截面。网状物的截面可以例如是椭圆形或多边形。在一些实施例中，网状物可以是细长的，并且它们可以例如水平或竖直地延伸。网状物可以被规则或不规则地布置。一个或多个网状物还可以以它们将其中布置有一个或多个网状物的腔体划分成若干个区段，特别是不同尺寸的区段的方式来设计和布置。
例如，一个或多个腔体中的至少一个腔体可以用填充材料来填充。填充材料可以例如是固体材料或泡沫或凝胶或粉末。
在防尘片的可能的实施例中，两个或更多个层中的至少两个相邻层可以彼此表面接触。特别地，它们可以彼此至少部分地或完全地表面接触。
两个或更多个层中的至少一个层的厚度可以为至少0.2mm或至少0.4mm或至少0.5mm和/或至多1.2mm或至多1mm。特别地，可以设想的是，防尘片包括总共两个层或三个层或四个层，每个层具有如上所述的厚度。
两个或更多个层可以包括厚度彼此不同的至少两个层。
在实施例中，两个或更多个层中的至少一个层可以包括以下材料中的一种或多种或由以下材料中的一种或多种组成：
-耐温塑料，
-耐温基质材料，特别是类似纺织品的基质材料。
在实施例中，防尘片可以不含金属。
两个或更多个层可以包括由彼此不同的材料制成的至少两个层。
可以设想的是，所有层都由刚性材料制成。还可以设想的是，至少一个层是柔软层。例如，两个或更多个层中的至少一个层可以由柔性和/或柔软的材料制成和/或被设计为类似纺织品的织物或网状物。通过包括这种层，可以有利地增加阻尼。
在一些实施例中，由柔性和/或柔软的材料制成和/或被设计为类似纺织品的织物或网状物的至少一个层可以与两个或更多个层中的与该至少一个层相邻的另一个层表面接触。特别地，该至少一个层可以与该另一个层粘合。也可以将由柔性和/或柔软的材料制成和/或被设计为类似纺织品的织物或网状物的层布置为距其相邻层一定距离。
由柔性和/或柔软的材料制成和/或被设计成类似纺织品的织物或网状物的至少一个层的厚度可以例如至少为0.2mm和/或至多为0.5mm。
在一些实施例中，两个或更多个层中的至少一个层可以在至少一侧上具有涂层。
在本文所述的防尘片中，具有两个或更多个层的区段可以至少布置在防尘片的、被构造成面向制动盘的如下部分的区段中：该部分与制动系统的制动盘和制动片的接合点相对。特别地，尽管不是必需的，但在本文不排除且并且也设想到将防尘片延伸，作为制动片和/或卡钳上方的盖。替代地，如果与制动片相对地覆盖制动盘，则可以有利地实现噪声衰减的良好结果。
本领域技术人员将理解，关于针对制动盘的布置的上述方面可以从防尘片本身获悉。
根据本发明的盘式制动系统包括如本文所述的防尘片。在该制动系统中，防尘片可以以其本征频率与相邻制动组件的本征频率不同，特别是与制动盘的本征频率不同的方式来构造。
根据本发明的方法是用于制造如本文所述的防尘片的方法。该方法可以包括增材制造(additive manufacturing)。附加地或替代地，该方法可以包括结合两个或更多个层中的至少两个层。两个或更多个层可以例如通过焊接或通过粘合来结合。
本发明的特征可以以有利的方式与用于减少制动器噪声的其它特征相结合。
附图说明
将参照附图进一步解释本发明。
其中：
图1a示出了具有防尘片的制动系统，
图1b至图1d示出了图1a的制动系统的剖面图，其中防尘片具有不同的构造，
图2a示出了包括具有两个层的防尘片的制动系统的剖面图，
图2b示出了包括具有三个层的防尘片的制动系统的剖面图，
图3a示出了具有两个层的防尘片，
图3b示出了具有三个层的防尘片，
图3c示出了具有两个层和两个层之间的网状物的防尘片，
图3d、图3e示出了具有厚度不同的两个层的防尘片，
图3f示出了具有不同尺寸的网状物的防尘片，
图3g示出了具有材料不同的两个层的防尘片，
图3h示出了具有两个层和设置在两个层之间的填充材料的防尘片，
图3i示出了具有不同材料的网状物的防尘片，
图3j至图3l示出了具有柔软层的防尘片，
图3m至图3o示出了具有涂层的防尘片，以及
图3p至图3s示出了具有不同截面的网状物。
具体实施方式
图1a示出了制动系统内侧的视图，防尘片1被布置在制动盘10的大部分的上方，从而覆盖制动盘10的大部分，并且例如在灰尘或石子被卡在制动片和制动盘之间时防止它们进入制动系统并潜在地损坏部件。根据本发明，防尘片1被构造用于减少制动器噪声，其中防尘片1至少在区段中包括两个或更多个层，如下文将进一步解释的。
在图1a中，可以看到卡钳20，卡钳20保持制动片(参见图1b至图1d)。在图1a中，示出了切线A-A。
图1b至图1d示出了图1a的剖视图，从而暴露由卡钳20保持的制动片21。图1b至图1d示出了不同的防尘片构造。图1a至图1d的防尘片1、1'在每种情况下都是如本发明所述的防尘片，其至少在区段中包括两个或更多个层，如下文将进一步解释的。防尘片1、1'在每种情况下都被布置成覆盖制动盘10的、与制动片21和制动盘10的接合点相对的至少一部分。通过以这种方式设置防尘片1、1'，并且具体地，通过与制动片21和制动盘10的接合点相对地设置两个或更多个层，可以实现对空气传播的声音的有效抑制。
图1b示出了图1a的剖视图，其中示出了第一防尘片构造。防尘片1被布置在制动盘10的内侧。
图1c示出了图1a的剖视图，其中示出了第二防尘片构造。防尘片1被布置在制动盘10的内侧，并且在底部包围制动盘10。
图1d示出了图1a的剖视图，其中示出了第三防尘片构造。防尘片1被布置在制动盘10的内侧，并且另一防尘片1'被布置在制动盘10的外侧。
图2a和图2b示出了制动系统，其中更详细地示出了防尘片1。在每种情况下，防尘片的两个或更个多层都是可见的。
图2a示出了防尘片1的示例性实施例，其中防尘片1具有两个层2、3。图2b示出了防尘片1的示例性实施例，其中防尘片1具有三个层2、3、4。可以针对图1a至图1d的构造中的每一种来设置具有两个层或三个层的防尘片。
在图2a和图2b的情况下，层2、3、4包括以下材料中的一种或多种或由以下材料中的一种或多种组成：耐温塑料；以及耐温基质材料，特别是类似纺织品的基质材料。防尘片1不含金属。防尘片1通过增材制造和/或通过利用焊接或粘合结合两个或更多个层2、3、4中的至少两个层而制成。
图2a和图2b的防尘片1以使得它们的本征频率不同于相邻制动组件的本征频率，特别是不同于制动盘10的本征频率的方式来构造。本征频率的调节特别地通过在图3a至图3s所示的各种设计选项中进行选择来进行，并在下文中描述。
图3a示出了被构造用于减少制动器噪声的防尘片1，其中防尘片1包括两个层2、3，两个层2、3被布置成彼此相距一定距离以在它们之间形成腔体5。腔体的宽度在0.1mm和0.3mm之间。层2、3中的每个层的宽度在0.5mm和1mm之间，两个层2、3具有相等的宽度。
图3b示出了用于减少制动器噪声的防尘片1，其中防尘片1包括三个层2、3、4，相邻的层被布置成彼此相距一定距离以在每种情况下在它们之间形成腔体5、6。腔体5、6中的每一个的宽度在0.1mm和0.3mm之间。层2、3、4中的每个层的宽度在0.5mm和1mm之间，三个层2、3、4具有相等的宽度。
图3c示出了防尘片1，其中两个层2、3被布置成彼此相距一定距离以形成腔体5，其中多个网状物7、7'、7”在腔体5内延伸，网状物7、7'、7”连接两个相邻层2、3。可以理解的是，在如图3b所示的三个层的情况下，网状物可以被布置在每对相邻层之间，或仅布置在一对相邻层之间。
图3d示出了防尘片1，其中设置有两个层2、3。图3d左侧所示的层2被构造成面向制动盘10。图3d右侧所示的层3被构造成背对制动盘10。层2、3的厚度彼此不同。左侧的层2的厚度在0.5mm和1mm之间，右侧的层3的厚度在0.2mm和0.5mm之间。面向制动盘10的层2比背对制动盘10的层3更厚。层2、3之间的腔体5的宽度在0.1mm和0.3mm之间。将理解的是，在如图3b所示的三个层的情况下，三个层可以具有彼此不同的厚度。
图3e示出了防尘片1，其中设置有两个层2、3。层2、3的厚度彼此不同。左侧的层2的厚度在0.2mm和0.5mm之间，右侧的层3的厚度在0.5mm和1mm之间。面向制动盘10的层2比背对制动盘10的层3更薄。层2、3之间的腔体5的宽度在0.1mm和0.3mm之间。
图3f示出了防尘片1，其中在层2、3之间设置有网状物7、7'、7”，网状物7、7'、7”中的每一个连接两个层2、3。网状物7、7'、7”的尺寸彼此不同。
图3g示出了具有两个层2、3的防尘片1。层2、3的材料彼此不同。层2、3中的每个层包括以下材料中的一种或多种或由以下材料中的一种或多种组成：耐温塑料；以及耐温基质材料，特别是类似纺织品的基质材料。将理解的是，在如图3b所示的三个层的情况下，三个层的材料可以彼此不同。
图3h示出了防尘片，其中在两个层2、3之间设置有填充材料8。填充材料8是固体材料或泡沫或凝胶或粉末。将理解的是，在如图3b所示的三个层的情况下，填充材料可以被设置在每对相邻层之间，或仅设置在一对相邻层之间。
图3i示出了防尘片1，其中在层2、3之间设置有网状物7、7'、7”，网状物7、7'、7”中的每一个连接两个层2、3。网状物7、7'、7”的材料彼此不同。
图3j示出了具有两个层2、3的防尘片1。两个层2、3彼此表面接触。左侧所示的被构造成面向制动盘10的层3是由柔性和/或柔软的材料制成和/或被设计为类似纺织品的织物或网状物的薄覆盖层。薄覆盖层的厚度在0.2mm和0.5mm之间。薄覆盖层被粘合到右侧所示的层2。后者层2的厚度在0.5mm和1mm之间，并且包括以下材料中的一种或多种或由以下材料中的一种或多种组成：耐温塑料；以及耐温基质材料，特别是类似纺织品的基质材料。
图3k示出了具有由柔性和/或柔软的材料制成和/或被设计为类似纺织品的织物或网状物的薄覆盖层的防尘片的另一实施例。防尘片包括两个层2、3，它们可以例如根据图3a或图3c至图3i所示的任何实施例来设计。此外，防尘片包括构成薄覆盖层的第三层4。所述薄覆盖层被粘合到层2并且被构造成面向制动盘。
图3l示出了防尘片1，其中第一层2被布置在中心并且另外两个层3、4分别粘合到第一层2的左侧和右侧。另外的层3、4是由柔性和/或柔软的材料制成和/或被设计为类似纺织品的织物或网状物的薄覆盖层。另外的层3、4在每种情况下的厚度为至少0.2mm和/或至多0.5mm。第一层2的厚度在0.5mm和1mm之间。
图3m至图3o示出了具有至少一个涂层9的防尘片1。在每种情况下，防尘片1都包括两个层2、3，其可以例如根据图3a或图3c至图3i所示的任何实施例来设计。
图3m示出了涂层9被布置成面向制动盘10。
图3n示出了涂层9被布置在防尘片1的面向制动盘10和背对制动盘10的两侧。
图3o示出了涂层9被布置在层2、3中的每个层的两侧。
图3p至图3s示出了实现网状物的不同方式。图3p示出了穿过防尘片1的剖面，从而暴露了两个层2、3以及两个层2、3之间的腔体5。也可以在图3p中看出，网状物7、7'、7”在腔体5内延伸并连接层2、3。图3q示出了图3p指示的B-B剖面。从图3q可以看出，网状物7、7'、7”将腔体5划分成几个不同尺寸的区段。
图3r示出了与图3p的情况相同的切割。同样，网状物7、7'、7”在腔体5内延伸并连接层2、3。从图3s所示的剖视图B-B可以看出，网状物7、7”、7”'、7””、7””'是具有椭圆形截面的空间受限特征件。可以设想不同的截面，例如多边形截面。
附图标记清单
1、1' 防尘片
2 第一层
3 第二层
4 第三层
5 腔体
6 其它腔体
7、7'、7”、7””、7””' 网状物
8、8' 填充材料
9 涂层
10 制动盘
20 卡钳
21 制动片。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于车辆制动器的防尘片，被构造用于减少制动器噪声，其中所述防尘片至少在区段中包括两个或更多个层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防尘片，其中所述两个或更多个层中的至少两个相邻层被布置成彼此相距一定距离以形成一个或多个腔体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防尘片，其中所述一个或多个腔体中的至少一个腔体的宽度为至少0.1mm或至少0.2mm和/或至多0.5mm或至多0.3mm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的防尘片，其中一个或多个网状物在所述一个或多个腔体中的至少一个腔体内延伸，所述网状物连接所述两个相邻层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的防尘片，其中所述防尘片包括至少两个网状物，所述至少两个网状物的尺寸彼此不同和/或材料彼此不同。
6.根据权利要求4所述的防尘片，其中所述一个或多个网状物以使得所述一个或多个网状物将布置有所述一个或多个网状物的腔体划分成多个区段，特别是不同尺寸的区段的方式来布置。
7.根据权利要求2所述的防尘片，其中所述一个或多个腔体中的至少一个腔体填充有填充材料，特别是填充有固体材料或泡沫或凝胶或粉末。
8.根据权利要求1所述的防尘片，其中所述两个或更多个层中的至少两个相邻层彼此表面接触。
9.根据权利要求1所述的防尘片，其中所述两个或更多个层中的至少一个层的厚度为至少0.2mm或至少0.4mm或至少0.5mm和/或至多1.2mm或至多1mm。
10.根据权利要求1所述的防尘片，其中所述两个或更多个层包括厚度彼此不同的至少两个层。
11.根据权利要求1所述的防尘片，其中所述两个或更多个层中的至少一个层包括以下材料中的一种或多种或由以下材料中的一种或多种组成：
-耐温塑料，
-耐温基质材料，特别是类似纺织品的基质材料。
12.根据权利要求1所述的防尘片，其中所述防尘片不含金属。
13.根据权利要求1所述的防尘片，其中所述两个或更多个层包括由彼此不同的材料制成的至少两个层。
14.根据权利要求1所述的防尘片，其中所述两个或更多个层中的至少一个层由柔性和/或柔软的材料制成和/或被设计为类似纺织品的织物或网状物。
15.根据权利要求14所述的防尘片，其中由柔性和/或柔软的材料制成和/或被设计为类似纺织品的织物或网状物的所述至少一个层与所述两个或更多个层中的另一个层表面接触，特别是粘合到所述另一个层。
16.根据权利要求14所述的防尘片，其中由柔性和/或柔软的材料制成和/或被设计为类似纺织品的织物或网状物的所述至少一个层的厚度至少为0.2mm和/或至多为0.5mm。
17.根据权利要求1所述的防尘片，其中所述两个或更多个层中的至少一个层在至少一侧上具有涂层。
18.一种盘式制动系统，包括根据权利要求1所述的防尘片，其中所述防尘片以使得所述防尘片的本征频率与相邻制动组件的本征频率不同，特别是与制动盘的本征频率不同的方式来构造。
19.一种用于制造根据权利要求1所述的防尘片的方法，包括增材制造和/或结合，特别是通过焊接或粘合来结合所述两个或更多个层中的至少两个层。
CN202210956847.1A 2021-08-10 2022-08-10 用于减少制动器噪声的防尘片和包括防尘片的制动系统 Pending CN115704437A (zh)

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