CN115682795B - Composite heat pipe system for solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Composite heat pipe system for solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of solar heat pipes, and provides a composite heat pipe system for a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the heat pipe system comprises: a heat sink; a housing assembly having a steam chamber disposed therein; the pulsating heat pipe comprises an evaporation section and a condensation section which are communicated, the condensation section is arranged in the heat sink, the evaporation section is arranged in the steam cavity, and a sintering capillary core is formed on the outer wall of the evaporation section; a flat heat pipe arranged in the steam chamber; and a porous foam metal wick filled in the vapor chamber, surrounding the pulsating heat pipe and the flat heat pipe; the pulsation heat pipe and the flat heat pipe are respectively filled with low boiling point working media; the vapor chamber is filled with a self-wetting fluid working medium at least distributed in the pores of the porous foam metal wick. The application can avoid potential application limitations of low start-up, weak temperature uniformity, low heat flux density, poor heat transfer efficiency and the like of the PV/T system.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of solar heat pipes, and particularly relates to a composite heat pipe system for a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The development of clean and efficient integrated building energy conversion, transmission and storage technology in the building energy saving technology is one of important leading research directions in the building energy saving field. The solar energy is widely applied in the field of buildings due to the advantages of abundant resources, safety, cleanness and the like. Solar photovoltaic-photo-thermal (PV/T) technology is one of the most widely used technologies for indoor environment regulation and low-grade building energy utilization improvement. The solar photovoltaic/photo-thermal comprehensive utilization system combines the photovoltaic technology and the photo-thermal technology, takes away and collects heat generated by the photovoltaic panel by using the circulating fluid of the photovoltaic backboard, and can reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panel while collecting heat so as to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the system. Compared with a single photovoltaic system or a solar heat collection system, the solar photovoltaic-photo-thermal comprehensive utilization system can share system components, so that the system cost is reduced, and the building area is saved. Therefore, the solar photovoltaic-photo-thermal comprehensive utilization system has wide application prospect, and in order to realize the optimal comprehensive performance of photovoltaic power generation-thermal reuse, the key is to solve the cooling problem of the photovoltaic panel. Researches show that the common photovoltaic module can only convert 4% -17% of incident solar radiation into electric energy, and the solar radiation of which the residual quantity exceeds 50% can be converted into heat energy, so that the power generation efficiency of the system can be reduced due to the fact that the surface temperature of the photovoltaic system is too high, and irreversible heat damage can be caused to the photovoltaic module. Therefore, how to improve the performance of solar energy utilization systems has been the focus and focus of research in this area.
In order to solve the problem, researchers at home and abroad begin to research the design of a heat pipe PV/T system, and hope to uniformly cool a photovoltaic panel by means of a gas-liquid two-phase flow enhanced heat exchange technology. Therefore, the heat pipe is used as a high heat flow heat exchange device for passive heat transfer, and has been gradually applied in a solar heat collection system by virtue of the advantages of various structures, strong heat conductivity, good heat stability and the like. However, the existing solar energy lacks of efficient heat recovery technology due to low energy density, and the heat recycling difficulty is still high. Compared with a single traditional capillary heat pipe or gravity type heat pipe, the pulsating heat pipe has the advantages of strong environmental adaptability, high heat transfer limit, flexible structure, small gravity dependence and the like, and has better application potential in the aspects of solar energy conversion, high-efficiency utilization and the like. However, the existing researches at present have problems that many researches only change the installation mode or adjust the external light-gathering structure, and cannot ensure the stable operation of the pulsating heat pipe in the heat recovery system; in the subsequent PV/T system research, the pulsating heat pipe is welded with the flat plate in a linear shape to increase the heat flux density of the pulsating heat pipe, but the heat flux density of the pulsating heat pipe in the optimal running state still cannot be achieved due to the limitation of the heat collecting area and the increase of the complexity of the heat transfer system. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new type of composite heat pipe system with good stability, strong heat transfer capability and high heat transfer limit, so as to be suitable for efficient use in solar photovoltaic-photo-thermal systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a composite heat pipe system with high heat transfer efficiency and excellent temperature uniformity, which is suitable for a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system, and a manufacturing method thereof, and can avoid potential application limitations of low start, weak temperature uniformity, low heat flow density, poor heat transfer efficiency and the like of a PV/T system.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a composite heat pipe system for a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system, comprising:
a heat sink;
a housing assembly having a steam chamber disposed therein, at least one end face of the housing assembly being configured to absorb thermal energy and transfer the absorbed thermal energy into the steam chamber;
the pulsating heat pipe comprises an evaporation section and a condensation section which are communicated, the condensation section is arranged in the heat sink, the evaporation section is arranged in the steam cavity, and a sintering capillary core is formed on the outer wall of the evaporation section;
a flat heat pipe arranged in the steam cavity and positioned at least one side end of the evaporation section; and
a porous foam metal liquid absorption core filled in the steam cavity and wrapping the pulsating heat pipe and the flat heat pipe;
the pulsating heat pipe and the flat heat pipe are respectively filled with a low-boiling-point working medium; the steam cavity is filled with self-wetting fluid working medium at least distributed in pores of the porous foam metal liquid suction core; the porous metal foam wick has a porosity greater than the porosity of the sintered capillary wick.
Further, the shell component comprises a heat preservation shell and a heat absorption substrate for absorbing and transmitting heat energy, an open cavity is formed in the heat preservation shell, and the heat absorption substrate seals the open cavity and encloses with the heat preservation shell to form the steam cavity.
Further, the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe comprises a plurality of parallel evaporation tube bundles with a kept interval; the plurality of flat heat pipes and the plurality of evaporating tube bundles are alternately distributed in the steam cavity.
Further, a plurality of flat heat pipes and a plurality of evaporation tube bundles are alternately distributed along the width direction of the plate surface of the heat absorbing substrate, and the height direction of each flat heat pipe and each evaporation tube bundle is arranged along the height direction of the heat absorbing substrate.
Further, the porous metal foam wick also encapsulates the sintered capillary wick, and the porous metal foam wick is also in contact with the heat absorbing substrate.
Further, a liquid injection port communicated with the steam cavity is formed in the side end of the heat preservation shell, and the liquid injection port is used for vacuumizing the steam cavity or injecting the self-wetting fluid working medium.
Further, the heat sink is arranged above the shell component, and the lower end of the heat sink is in sealing connection with the upper end of the shell component.
Further, the liquid filling rate of the self-wetting fluid working medium in the steam cavity is less than or equal to 50%.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides a method for manufacturing a composite heat pipe system for a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system according to any one of the above aspects, including:
arranging an evaporation section of a pulsating heat pipe and a flat heat pipe of the composite heat pipe system in a steam cavity of the shell assembly, enabling the flat heat pipe to be positioned at least one side end of the evaporation section, filling a porous foam metal liquid absorption core in the steam cavity, and wrapping the pulsating heat pipe and the flat heat pipe; the pulsating heat pipe and the flat heat pipe are respectively pre-injected with a low-boiling point working medium; pre-sintering the outer wall of the evaporation section to form a sintered capillary core;
placing a condensing section of the pulsating heat pipe into a heat sink, and connecting the heat sink with the shell component in a sealing way;
and carrying out depressurization treatment on the steam cavity, and injecting a preconfigured self-wetting fluid working medium into the steam cavity to enable the self-wetting fluid working medium to be at least distributed in the pores of the porous foam metal liquid absorption core.
Further, the self-wetting fluid working medium is an aqueous solution of n-butanol.
Further, the pre-configuration step of the self-wetting fluid working medium comprises the following steps:
10g of n-butanol was dissolved in 990g of pure water and stirred uniformly for 10 minutes to prepare the self-wetting fluid working fluid with a mass fraction of 1 wt.%.
The beneficial effects of the application include:
the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe and the flat heat pipe are arranged in the steam cavity, the sintering capillary core is formed on the outer wall of the evaporation section, and the porous foam metal liquid suction core wrapping the evaporation section and the flat heat pipe is arranged in the steam cavity, so that heat energy absorbed by the shell component and transferred to the steam cavity can be fully transferred to the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe, and the heat transfer efficiency is enhanced.
By arranging the porous foam metal liquid absorption core in the steam cavity, larger capillary force can be generated by utilizing the characteristic of higher porosity of the porous foam metal liquid absorption core, the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe is positioned in the steam cavity, and the sensible heat/latent heat transfer of a gas-liquid plug (a gas plug and a liquid column) of the pulsating heat pipe remarkably promotes the maximum heat exchange capacity of the pulsating heat pipe. Meanwhile, the skeleton type porous loose structure of the porous foam metal liquid absorption core has higher surface area and effective heat conductivity coefficient, can strengthen the boiling phenomenon in the steam cavity, has low porosity of a sintered capillary core surrounded by the evaporation section of the pulsating heat pipe, forms capillary pressure difference with the porous foam metal liquid absorption core, strengthens the evaporation heat exchange performance in the steam cavity, can reduce the flow resistance of steam, and has a bidirectional gas-liquid transport mode.
The application reduces the gas-liquid flow path and resistance through the special structure, highlights and strengthens the reflux and phase change processes of working media, ensures that the gas-liquid two phases have an optimal shunt transportation path, has excellent temperature uniformity and avoids the local dry and blockage of liquid. The application solves the problems of slow starting, weak temperature uniformity, low heat flux density and the like of the existing PV/T system, improves the heat collection capacity of the PV/T system, improves the heat transfer efficiency of the system, has small gas-liquid flow resistance and good temperature uniformity, and is suitable for efficiently cooling a photovoltaic panel in a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a composite heat pipe system for a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system according to the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of the pulsating heat pipe of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the heat insulation shell of the shell assembly of fig. 1 and its inner flat heat pipe.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the A-A plane of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the section of the B-B plane in FIG. 1.
Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 1 at C.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operating principle of the composite heat pipe system of fig. 1.
In the figure, 1-a heat sink; 2-pulsating heat pipe; 21-an evaporation section; 22-condensing section; 3-flat heat pipes; 4-sintering the capillary core; a 5-porous metal foam wick; 6-a heat absorbing substrate; 7-an insulating layer shell.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
A composite heat pipe system for a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system as shown in fig. 1, comprising: heat sink 1, housing assembly, pulsating heat pipe 2, flat heat pipe 3, sintered wick 4, and porous foam metal wick 5.
Heat sink 1 (heat sink), which means that its temperature does not change with the magnitude of thermal energy transferred to it, may be atmospheric, earth, or the like. In this embodiment, the heat sink 1 is a water-cooled tank of a thermostatic water bath.
The interior of the housing assembly is provided with a steam cavity, and at least one end surface of the housing assembly is used for absorbing heat energy and transmitting the absorbed heat energy into the steam cavity.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the housing assembly includes a heat-insulating layer case 7 and a heat absorbing substrate 6 for absorbing and transmitting heat energy. The heat absorbing substrate 6 is used to absorb heat energy and transfer the absorbed heat energy into the steam chamber. The heat absorbing substrate 6 may be an existing PV panel in a PV/T system. The heat pipe type PV/T heat collector receives solar radiation, and a part of short wave solar radiation is absorbed by the panel and converted into electric energy, and the electric energy is transmitted to a storage battery or directly supplied to a load. The remaining radiation is absorbed by the collector and converted into thermal energy, which is transferred to the heat absorbing substrate 6.
An open cavity is formed in the heat-insulating layer shell 7, the heat-absorbing substrate 6 seals the open cavity, and the heat-absorbing substrate and the heat-insulating layer shell 7 enclose to form the steam cavity. The heat preservation shell 7 is provided with a cavity inside, the side end is provided with an open box structure communicated with the cavity, and the internal cavity of the box structure is an open cavity. When the insulating layer case 7 is seen as being in the erected state as shown in fig. 2, the opening of the open cavity is located at the side end of the insulating layer case 7, the corresponding heat absorbing substrate 6 is erected, the opening is closed, and the open cavity is closed as a vapor cavity. This structure also facilitates the installation of pulsating heat pipe 2, flat plate heat pipe 3, and porous foam metal wick 5.
Referring to fig. 3, the pulsating heat pipe 2 includes an evaporation section 21 and a condensation section 22 which are connected, the condensation section 22 is disposed in the heat sink 1, the evaporation section 21 is disposed in the vapor chamber, and a sintered capillary core 4 is further formed on the outer wall of the evaporation section 21. Pulsating heat pipe 2 is an oscillating serpentine micro heat pipe.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the heat sink 1 is disposed above the housing assembly, and the lower end of the heat sink 1 is connected with the upper end of the housing assembly in a sealing manner. When the heat sink 1 is a water cooling tank, the condensing section 22 is positioned in the water cooling tank, the condensing section 22 and the evaporating section 21 are provided with junction sections, the inside of the junction sections is communicated with the condensing section 22 and the evaporating section 21, and the outer wall of the junction sections is in sealing connection with the water cooling tank and the shell component. Correspondingly, the lower end of the water cooling tank is in sealing connection with the upper end of the shell component, and the sealing connection part is the area where the junction section is located.
As shown in fig. 4, the upper end of the insulating layer case 7 is provided with a perforation for passing the pulsating heat pipe 2. The flat heat pipes 3 are arranged in a steam cavity of the heat-insulating layer shell 7, a plurality of flat heat pipes 3 are arranged in the steam cavity at intervals, a space is reserved between the adjacent flat heat pipes 3, and a through hole of the heat-insulating layer shell 7 is correspondingly arranged above the space vertically so as to facilitate the arrangement of the pulsating heat pipes 2 in the space. The flat heat pipe 3 is an independent closed pipe body.
A flat heat pipe 3 is disposed in the vapor chamber at least one side end of the evaporation section 21. The specific distribution situation is related to the dimensions of the vapor chamber, the flat heat pipes 3 and the evaporation section 21, that is, the distribution of the flat heat pipes 3 and the evaporation section 21 in the vapor chamber may be various, but it should be ensured that at least one side end of the evaporation section 21 has the flat heat pipes 3, and if the space in the vapor chamber allows, a plurality of flat heat pipes 3 may be distributed around the evaporation section 21. Of course, the space utilization of the evaporator end 21 in the vapor chamber should also be considered. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the evaporation sections 21 and the flat heat pipes 3 are alternately arranged in the vapor chamber, and as shown in fig. 5, one flat heat pipe 3 is provided between the two evaporation sections 21, and one evaporation section 21 is provided between the two flat heat pipes 3. The cross section of the steam cavity is a straight cavity, the evaporating sections 21 and the flat heat pipes 3 are alternately distributed along the length direction of the straight cavity, the width dimension of the straight cavity is slightly larger than the width of the flat heat pipes 3, and the width of the flat heat pipes 3 is larger than or equal to the diameter of the evaporating sections 21. For convenience of distinction, in fig. 5, the flat heat pipe 3 is illustrated as a rectangular pipe, the evaporation stage 21 is illustrated as a circular pipe, and in practice, the cross-sectional shapes of the flat heat pipe 3 and the evaporation stage 21 are not limited, and may be various.
Referring to fig. 3-5, the evaporation section 21 of the pulsating heat pipe 2 includes a plurality of parallel evaporation tube bundles with a distance maintained therebetween; the number of the flat heat pipes 3 is plural, and the plurality of flat heat pipes 3 and the plurality of evaporating pipe bundles are alternately distributed in the steam cavity. As shown in fig. 4, the number of the flat heat pipes 3 is 9, and the number of the evaporating tube bundles is 8/root.
The 9 flat heat pipes 3 and the 8 evaporation tube bundles are alternately distributed along the width direction of the plate surface of the heat absorbing substrate 6, and the height direction of each flat heat pipe 3 and each evaporation tube bundle is arranged along the height direction of the heat absorbing substrate 6.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the pulsating heat pipe 2 is a red copper U-shaped pipe, the outer pipe diameter is 3mm, the inner pipe diameter is 2mm, the pulsating heat pipe 2 adopts a serpentine copper structure, 8 parallel evaporation pipe bundles connected end to end are formed, the lower ends of the 8 evaporation pipe bundles are communicated through 4 evaporation elbows, and the bending diameter of the 4 evaporation elbows is 14mm. The condensing section 22 of the pulsating heat pipe 2 comprises 3 condensing elbows and 1 n-shaped elbow, 2 evaporating tube bundles at the outermost side of the 8 evaporating tube bundles are communicated with the n-shaped elbow, and the upper ends of the other 6 evaporating tube bundles except the 2 evaporating tube bundles are communicated through the 3 condensing elbows in sequence, so that closed-loop communication of the pulsating heat pipe 2 is realized.
The pulsating heat pipe 2 has an overall height of 350mm, an overall width of 185mm, a height of the evaporator section 21 of 250mm and a height of the condenser section 22 of 70mm. The condensing section 22 is placed in a water-cooled tank of a thermostatic water bath.
A porous foam metal liquid suction core 5 is filled in the steam cavity and wraps the pulsating heat pipe 2 and the flat plate heat pipe 3. In practice, the porous metal foam wick 5 fills the vapor chamber in areas other than the pulsating heat pipe 2 and the flat heat pipe 3.
The pulsating heat pipe 2 and the flat heat pipe 3 are respectively injected with a low boiling point working medium, and in this embodiment, the low boiling point working medium is preferably acetone. The serpentine closed pulsating heat pipe 2 is filled with acetone with the liquid filling rate of 50%, and the flat heat pipe 3 is also filled with acetone with the liquid filling rate of 50%. The steam cavity is filled with self-wetting fluid working medium at least distributed in the pores of the porous foam metal liquid suction core 5; the porous metal foam wick 5 has a porosity greater than the porosity of the sintered capillary wick 4. In this example, the porous metal foam wick 5 has a porosity of 98%. The porous foam metal liquid suction core 5 is arranged in the steam cavity, the heat absorbing substrate 6 is used as one end face of the steam cavity, heat energy is transmitted to the porous foam metal liquid suction core 5 in the steam cavity through the heat absorbing substrate 6, and the porous foam metal liquid suction core 5 with a skeleton type porous loose structure has high surface area and effective heat conductivity coefficient, so that boiling phenomenon of an evaporation area can be enhanced, namely a heated area in the steam cavity, which is contacted with the heat absorbing substrate 6, or a radiation area of the evaporation section 21.
The porosity of the sintered capillary core 4 surrounded by the evaporation section 21 of the pulsating heat pipe 2 is lower than that of the porous foam metal liquid suction core 5, so that capillary pressure difference is formed between the sintered capillary core and the porous foam metal liquid suction core 5, the evaporation heat exchange performance of the heated part of the heat absorption substrate 6 corresponding to the steam cavity is enhanced, the flow resistance of steam can be reduced, and a bidirectional gas-liquid transport mode is provided.
The pulsating heat pipe 2 forms liquid column and air plug with different length in the pipe by the acetone with 50% liquid filling rate under the action of surface tension. The heat energy pushes the gas-liquid two-phase fluid to pulsate between the evaporation section 21 (also called a heating section) and the condensation section 22 of the pulsating heat pipe 2, thereby realizing energy transfer.
When the solar photovoltaic and photo-thermal system is in operation, the heat pipe type PV/T heat collector receives solar radiation, and a part of short wave solar radiation is absorbed by the panel and converted into electric energy, and the electric energy is transmitted to the storage battery or directly supplied to a load. The residual radiation is absorbed by the heat collector and converted into heat energy, the heat energy is transferred to the heat absorbing substrate 6, the flat heat pipe 3 starts phase change evaporation, the steam is collected to the position of the evaporation section 21 of the pulsating heat pipe 2 under the action of pressure difference, then the gas in the steam cavity is subjected to phase change condensation, the heat of the heat absorbing substrate 6 and the steam cavity is transferred to the condensation section 22 by the evaporation section 21 of the pulsating heat pipe 2 at the same time by means of the back flow of the sintering capillary core 4 on the outer wall of the evaporation section 21 of the pulsating heat pipe 2, the heat is transferred to the condensation section 22 by the phase change heat transfer of the liquid in the pulsating heat pipe 2, and finally the heat energy is transferred to the heat exchanger by the condensation section 22 of the pulsating heat pipe 2. It should be noted that, the heat energy may be transferred outside the composite heat pipe of the present embodiment directly by using the prior art.
In some embodiments, the porous metal foam wick 5 also surrounds the sintered capillary wick 4, and the porous metal foam wick 5 may also be in contact with the heat absorbing substrate 6. The length of the porous foam metal liquid suction core 5 is consistent with the length of the flat heat pipe 3. The porous foam metal liquid suction core 5 adopts a porous medium with higher porosity and higher capillary force, and the porous foam metal liquid suction core is positioned in the steam cavity and forms capillary pressure difference with the sintering capillary core 4, so that the evaporation heat exchange performance of a heating area is enhanced, the backflow of drainage condensed liquid is facilitated, meanwhile, the gas-liquid flow resistance is small, the heat transfer efficiency is high, and the local dry and blockage of the liquid is avoided.
The side end of the heat preservation shell 7 is provided with a liquid injection port communicated with the steam cavity, and the liquid injection port is used for vacuumizing the steam cavity or injecting the self-wetting fluid working medium. The liquid injection port is made of rubber pipes and is closed by steel hoops. The liquid injection port is used for vacuumizing and injecting the configured self-wetting fluid working medium into the steam cavity, and the liquid injection port made of the rubber pipeline has certain flexibility, so that the vacuumizing and the liquid injection are prevented from generating air leakage, and the sealing of the steam cavity is realized conveniently.
In this embodiment, the filling rate of the self-wetting fluid working medium in the steam cavity is less than or equal to 50%. Preferably 45%. The self-wetting fluid working medium is a 1wt.% aqueous n-butanol solution. Namely, 10g of n-butanol is dissolved in 990g of pure water and stirred uniformly for 10 minutes to prepare a self-wetting fluid working medium with the mass fraction of 1wt.%, and under the condition of higher radiation, the gas-liquid section of the self-wetting fluid working medium generates a temperature gradient, namely a thermal capillary action, so that the surface tension of fluid is increased, while the porous foam metal liquid suction core 5 has better porosity, can generate higher capillary force, is favorable for spontaneous collection of liquid at a hot end position (a position close to the heat absorption substrate 6), and has higher surface area and effective heat conductivity coefficient to strengthen the boiling phenomenon of an evaporation area.
The evaporation section 21 of the pulsating heat pipe 2 is positioned in the steam cavity, the condensation section 22 is positioned in the heat sink 1 of the constant-temperature water bath, the outer surface soldering tin of the pulsating heat pipe 2 is provided with the sintering capillary core 4, the pulsating heat pipe 2 is filled with low-boiling-point fluid medium acetone under the negative pressure condition, and along with the rising of the heat of the bottom evaporation section 21, the phase change of the working medium generates pressure fluctuation in the pipe, so that a gas plug and a liquid column flow and oscillate in the pipe, and the efficient heat transfer between the evaporation section 21 and the condensation section 22 of the pulsating heat pipe 2 is realized.
Referring to fig. 5 and 8, after the heat absorption substrate 6 absorbs heat, the heat is conducted to the steam cavity, the self-wetting fluid working medium at the bottom of the steam cavity begins to evaporate and boil, and is heated and evaporated to be gaseous, and flows to the outer surface of the evaporation section 21 of the pulsating heat pipe 2 mainly through the porous foam metal liquid suction core 5 in a diffusion way, the steam is condensed to be liquid, latent heat is transferred to the evaporation section 21 of the pulsating heat pipe 2, and then condensation and backflow are carried out under the dual actions of capillary action and surface tension of the sintered capillary core 4 and the porous foam metal liquid suction core 5. After the pulsating heat pipe 2 receives heat released by the heat absorbing substrate 6 and the flat heat pipe 3 together, the internal low-boiling point working medium changes phase to generate pressure fluctuation in the pipe, so that an air plug (or called a bubble) and a liquid column flow and oscillate in the pulsating heat pipe 2, the heat is transferred to the condensing section 22, the condensing section 22 is positioned in the constant-temperature water bath, and condensate flows back to a heating area under the action of surface tension to complete circulation, thereby realizing efficient heat transfer between the evaporating section 21 and the condensing section 22 of the pulsating heat pipe 2.
Based on the same inventive concept, the application also provides a manufacturing method of the composite heat pipe system for the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system, which comprises the following steps:
arranging an evaporation section 21 of a pulsating heat pipe 2 and a flat heat pipe 3 of the composite heat pipe system in a steam cavity of the shell assembly, positioning the flat heat pipe 3 at least one side end of the evaporation section 21, filling a porous foam metal liquid suction core 5 in the steam cavity, and wrapping the pulsating heat pipe 2 and the flat heat pipe 3; wherein, the pulsating heat pipe 2 and the flat heat pipe 3 are respectively pre-injected with a low boiling point working medium; the outer wall of the evaporation section 21 is pre-sintered to form a sintered capillary wick 4.
The condensing section 22 of the pulsating heat pipe 2 is placed in the heat sink 1, and the heat sink 1 is connected with the shell component in a sealing way.
And (3) carrying out depressurization treatment on the steam cavity, and injecting a preconfigured self-wetting fluid working medium into the steam cavity to enable the self-wetting fluid working medium to be at least distributed in the pores of the porous foam metal liquid absorption core 5.
The self-wetting fluid working medium pre-configuration step comprises the following steps: 10g of n-butanol was dissolved in 990g of pure water and stirred uniformly for 10 minutes to prepare the self-wetting fluid working fluid with a mass fraction of 1 wt.%.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the evaporation section 21 of the pulsating heat pipe 2 of the composite heat pipe system is placed in an open cavity of the heat preservation shell 7 of the shell component, the condensation section 22 of the pulsating heat pipe 2 is located outside the open cavity, the pulsating heat pipe 2 is vacuumized, and a low-boiling point working medium is injected, for example, the pulsating heat pipe 2 is vacuumized, the pressure in the pipe is kept to be lower than 2kpa, and acetone with the liquid filling rate of 45% is injected. Wherein the outer wall of the evaporation section 21 is pre-sintered to form a sintered capillary core 4.
Placing the flat heat pipe 3 of the composite heat pipe system into the open cavity of the insulating layer casing 7, and positioning the flat heat pipe 3 at least one side end of the evaporation section 21; wherein, the flat heat pipe 3 is pre-injected with a low boiling point working medium, such as acetone with the liquid filling rate of 45 percent. When the evaporation sections 21 of the flat heat pipe 3 and the pulsating heat pipe 2 are placed in the open cavity, they may be performed simultaneously, and the order of placing the flat heat pipe 3 and the pulsating heat pipe 2 is not limited.
The porous foam metal wick 5 is filled in the open cavity and wraps the evaporation section 21 and the flat heat pipe 3. In some embodiments, the porous foam metal liquid-absorbing core 5 is configured as two strip-shaped plate-shaped metal liquid-absorbing cores, and a concave portion is formed on one plate surface of each strip-shaped plate-shaped metal liquid-absorbing core, the shape of the concave portion is consistent with the outer contour of the plurality of evaporation sections 21 and the plate heat pipes 3 in the steam cavity, the concave portion comprises square grooves and cambered surface grooves alternately arranged at intervals along the width direction of the plate surface of the strip-shaped plate-shaped metal liquid-absorbing core, the square grooves are used for accommodating a part of the plate heat pipes 3, the cambered surface grooves are used for accommodating the evaporation sections 21, and the width direction of the plate surface of the strip-shaped plate-shaped metal liquid-absorbing core is consistent with the width direction of the plate surface of the heat absorbing substrate 6. The concave parts of the two strip-shaped platy metal liquid absorbing cores are oppositely arranged. Before the pulsating heat pipe 2 and the flat heat pipe 3 are placed in the open cavity or the vapor cavity, a strip-shaped plate-shaped metal liquid suction core is placed in the open cavity or the vapor cavity, and the concave part of the strip-shaped plate-shaped metal liquid suction core faces outwards, so that the pulsating heat pipe 2 and the flat heat pipe 3 can be placed according to the outline of the concave part. When the pulsating heat pipe 2 and the flat heat pipe 3 are placed in the opening cavity, another strip-shaped plate-shaped metal liquid absorption core is placed, so that the concave part of the strip-shaped plate-shaped metal liquid absorption core is opposite to the pulsating heat pipe 2 and the flat heat pipe 3, and the other part of the pulsating heat pipe 2 and the flat heat pipe 3 is embedded into the cambered surface groove and the square groove of the strip-shaped plate-shaped metal liquid absorption core in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
The heat absorbing substrate 6 of the shell assembly and the heat insulating layer shell 7 are folded and sealed to seal the open cavity to form a sealed steam cavity, so that the evaporation section 21, the flat heat pipe 3 and the porous foam metal liquid suction core 5 are all sealed in the steam cavity. When the heat absorbing substrate 6 and the heat insulating layer shell 7 are folded and sealed, the matched surface is polished to be smooth by abrasive paper, then soldering paste is coated, the heat absorbing substrate and the heat insulating layer shell 7 are heated by a hot air gun and then are cured and sealed, and then the periphery of the connecting gap is uniformly coated with sealing glue. After the sealing is completed, the heat absorbing substrate 6 is maintained in a normal temperature range, the vacuum pump with the negative pressure of 0.092Mpa is used for pumping air in the steam cavity to 0.0074Mpa, so that the saturation temperature of working medium is reduced, after the numerical value of a vacuum meter of the vacuum pump is kept stable for 8 minutes, the configured self-wetting fluid working medium is injected into the steam cavity by using a syringe, and the self-wetting fluid working medium adopts a liquid filling rate of 50% (namely, the filling liquid is 50% of the volume of the whole steam cavity), and after the liquid filling is completed, a liquid filling port is completely sealed by using a steel hoop.
In summary, according to the composite heat pipe provided by the application, the porous foam metal liquid suction core 5, the flat heat pipe 3 and the pulsating heat pipe 2 are composited together, the primary heat transfer is realized through the gas-liquid phase in the operation process of the flat heat pipe 3, and the temperature uniformity performance of the system is realized by utilizing the characteristics of the porous foam metal liquid suction core 5. The evaporation section 21 of the pulsating heat pipe 2 realizes the boiling evaporation of the low boiling point working medium in the pulsating heat pipe 2 by receiving the heat of the heat absorbing substrate 6 and the heat released from the condensation of the wetting fluid working medium, so that the improvement of the heat flow density of the evaporation section 21 of the pulsating heat pipe 2 is better realized, the sensible heat/latent heat transfer between the air lock and the liquid column can improve the temperature uniformity of the evaporation section 21, and the heat absorbing substrate 6 can operate in a better temperature control range.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present application belong to the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the application without departing from the principles thereof are intended to be comprehended by those skilled in the art and are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Claims (9)
1. A composite heat pipe system for a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system, comprising:
a heat sink;
a housing assembly having a steam chamber disposed therein, at least one end face of the housing assembly being configured to absorb thermal energy and transfer the absorbed thermal energy into the steam chamber;
the pulsating heat pipe comprises an evaporation section and a condensation section which are communicated, the condensation section is arranged in the heat sink, the evaporation section is arranged in the steam cavity, and a sintering capillary core is formed on the outer wall of the evaporation section;
a flat heat pipe arranged in the steam cavity and positioned at least one side end of the evaporation section; and
a porous foam metal liquid absorption core filled in the steam cavity and wrapping the pulsating heat pipe and the flat heat pipe;
the pulsating heat pipe and the flat heat pipe are respectively filled with a low-boiling-point working medium; the steam cavity is filled with self-wetting fluid working medium at least distributed in pores of the porous foam metal liquid suction core; the porosity of the porous metal foam wick is greater than the porosity of the sintered capillary wick;
the shell assembly comprises a heat preservation shell and a heat absorption substrate for absorbing and transmitting heat energy, an open cavity is formed in the heat preservation shell, and the heat absorption substrate seals the open cavity and encloses with the heat preservation shell to form the steam cavity.
2. The composite heat pipe system for a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system according to claim 1, wherein the evaporator section of the pulsating heat pipe comprises a plurality of parallel and spaced apart evaporator bundles; the plurality of flat heat pipes and the plurality of evaporating tube bundles are alternately distributed in the steam cavity.
3. The composite heat pipe system for a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of flat heat pipes and a plurality of evaporation tube bundles are alternately distributed in a plate width direction of the heat absorbing substrate, and a height direction of each of the flat heat pipes and each of the evaporation tube bundles is arranged in a height direction of the heat absorbing substrate.
4. The composite heat pipe system for a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system according to claim 1, wherein said porous metal foam wick further encases said sintered capillary wick, said porous metal foam wick further being in contact with said heat absorbing substrate.
5. The composite heat pipe system for a solar photovoltaic and photo-thermal system according to claim 1, wherein a liquid injection port communicated with the steam cavity is arranged at the side end of the heat preservation shell, and the liquid injection port is used for vacuumizing the steam cavity or injecting the self-wetting fluid working medium.
6. The composite heat pipe system for a solar photovoltaic and thermal system according to claim 1, wherein the heat sink is disposed above the housing assembly, and a lower end of the heat sink is hermetically connected to an upper end of the housing assembly.
7. The hybrid heat pipe system for a solar photovoltaic and photothermal system according to claim 1, wherein a liquid filling rate of the self-wetting fluid working medium in the steam cavity is 50% or less.
8. A method of manufacturing a composite heat pipe system for a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system according to any of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
arranging an evaporation section of a pulsating heat pipe and a flat heat pipe of the composite heat pipe system in a steam cavity of the shell assembly, enabling the flat heat pipe to be positioned at least one side end of the evaporation section, filling a porous foam metal liquid absorption core in the steam cavity, and wrapping the pulsating heat pipe and the flat heat pipe; the pulsating heat pipe and the flat heat pipe are respectively pre-injected with a low-boiling point working medium; pre-sintering the outer wall of the evaporation section to form a sintered capillary core;
placing a condensing section of the pulsating heat pipe into a heat sink, and connecting the heat sink with the shell component in a sealing way;
and carrying out depressurization treatment on the steam cavity, and injecting a preconfigured self-wetting fluid working medium into the steam cavity to enable the self-wetting fluid working medium to be at least distributed in the pores of the porous foam metal liquid absorption core.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the self-wetting fluid working fluid is an aqueous solution of n-butanol.
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| CN202211221840.1A CN115682795B (en) | 2022-10-08 | 2022-10-08 | Composite heat pipe system for solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system and manufacturing method |
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| CN202211221840.1A CN115682795B (en) | 2022-10-08 | 2022-10-08 | Composite heat pipe system for solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system and manufacturing method |
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| CN115682795A (en) | 2023-02-03 |
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